ɷschaum's outline of college physics

448

Upload: quiasma

Post on 07-Apr-2016

238 views

Category:

Documents


7 download

DESCRIPTION

ɷSchaum's outline of college physics

TRANSCRIPT

  • !"

    # $% & %! '( )

    * ! ! # !

    + " %

  • Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved. Manufactured in the UnitedStates of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed inany form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

    0-07-1367497

    The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-008941-8.

    All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, weuse names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where suchdesignations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.

    McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training pro-grams. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069.

    TERMS OF USEThis is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (McGraw-Hill) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use ofthis work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work,you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate,sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hills prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercialand personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with theseterms.

    THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THEACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANYINFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the workwill meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to youor anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill hasno responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors beliable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, evenif any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whethersuch claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.

    DOI: 10.1036/0071367497

    abcMcGraw-Hill

  • 8 0& FF == FF == &! ) & ! ! ! ! !FF == #! !! # ! ! , ! !! & G! ! ( & 8 !! 0& # # ! ! # ! !

    # ' / & ! : ! ! = GD G

    ! & 0 ! # & !! # !# ! H ' &!! 0 !!! I' . . !8 ! # ! # #

    - 0& ' & 0& & !!! & ! 0& & : #0 # & !! ! . & G & ! !&0 ! # = ! !

    : & ! #(

    ! FF - ( = #!==1 ! # FF== #! ! ' = ! ! 8 ! . & ! #! & #! I & 0 !! 8 0- ! ! ' #! G '

    I # # ( FF0& & ==0 ! ! ! # ! 0#- & ) & = ! & & #0 #

    & #! # * # ' !H &0 ! 8 # ! . ! B '! & !#H # - & / ! 0 3/ 4 & # & & 3/4

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 3 4 & # !0 34 8 # ! &= & ! & # # !# & 8 . . 3 ' 4 #! ! . # !0 ! ! I ! ! :& # & & ! #

    !! # ' #! = 0 ! : ! " 12 $$,5%

    "0 $ ::1: :"8

    91B"18 B:9

  • *%# + ,9 G J G 3 !4 ! ! 9# 8! "! "! !

    !

    *%# ,-9 J ! ! !

    J ! ( #!

    *%# . . /0 9 0! B 1 ' 8 &

    1&= B & 1&= 9 & 1&= 8 && #& ! & 8 B 1! "K 0

    "K ! ! &

    *%# 1 20" #( G#! B G#!

    #! ! 3 4 #( 8 B 1!

    *%# 1 348G 3 !!4 8& G#! "

    ' #

    *%# . . 450 &0 : L

    0 ! " & L&

    *%# 67 ! &0 :K

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • *%# 60 !!! ! ! !!!" !!! " '

    "K " !

    *%# 55 ! :G

    ! ! #& G " "

    *%# ' ,,,8G 3 !!4 ! 8G

    L "!# 0 & !!! ! ' ! G

    *%# ,/4 BG # ! ! 9! ! ! 0 ! :

    : 9 9 9 9 ! 9! ! 9

    *%# 8 ,-6 9 . : 9 9 : !

    2= ! /0 ! 9 !

    *%# ,24 9 !

    = !=

    *%# ,30B I& :G 9 J

    = & 0 # 0 # /= G 8= ! !#

    *%# 9 ,448! ' ' J!

    '

    :B":

  • *%# ,0,

    3 4 ; ! # & 9 # H 9 !

    3984 = & & #!

    *%# ,05L = !# !

    0 ! G # !

    *%# 1 ,638! 9 . 3 4

    H #! "! #! #! ! &

    *%# ,5-: # " 8! "

    *%# . ,56 0 # ! B & 8!!

    # ! ! # 9 . 9 . 0 :K

    *%# . /759 & 8!! : : ! ##

    *%# .+ /,- & ! # 9 & 9 & "

    3! 4 &

    *%# //-9 & :G 9 3 4 / )

    )

    91B"18 B:9

  • *%# . /-/"!#= & " GH " 8 : . 9 . : .

    9

    *%# 8 /2- ) # : 1 : "

    " :

    *%# . /34" / ;!= & ! #!! ! 8! ) & !

    *%# . /43: &0 : & & 8! "

    *%# 1+ 8 /07

    *%# . /6-L)= 3 (4 L)= 3 4 9 G #

    *%# /65 . . " !

    ! . . B ! . 8G I

    *%# /55 . ! . B!

    ! !! . !

    *%# 8 9 -73 ) ! . I' !B= & ! H= & !

    ";18:189

  • *%# -,3: : !

    *%# 8 -/,9 : 23 ! 23 ! :'

    *%# -/5:! # 8! & B! ;!= & ! & 8!

    *%# --61 & I ! 9 ! G 9H !

    *%# -249 ' 9= & " I !

    *%# -3-8 ;#( ! !0= G &

    *%# -35"!# 8

    8

    *%# -44" & ) )

    9 ) ! ) G) M ;

    *%# + -02 ! 9 !!!! 8! 9!

    J !

    91B"18 B:9 '

  • *%# 1 .+ -6/E ) !! "! ) / & / & EH

    *%# -57 ! : # : ! :!

    9 ; #

    *%# -541 ! E! !# '

    *%# + -551 1 ! !# ! !

    !# / 1 G

    *%# 2751 # B B ! :) !!

    **#!:; 2,0

    **#!:; 2,5

    **#!:; 9 2//

    **#!:; 2/2

    **#!:; 9 8 2/0

    **#!:; + 2/6

    **#!:; 2/5

    **#!:; 2-7

    9 2--

    ' ";18:189

  • 1 ! & ! ! ! ! - H # 8 !# G ( ! G

    9 . # !# # & 8& #'

    + 1 # . ! & # ! 3H4 ! !!! G B '! "! , ! # ! 6 ! & ! . '! & 6% & 314 & ; & %66, 3$%% 1 %66, #4 9! ! @% 0!7 ! @% 0!79;8

    G # # & & 8 & ! G 36 ! 6% 1 @% 0!7 # '! 48 & G

    ! # # & # !! ! . & # ! #

    ! !# 3 '! 4 & ! ) 0

    + 8 ! . 3 4 # & 3 4 & 8 ! # 0 A 8 & & B $$

    $

    " ,',

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 8 # & & H ,

    & A 8 & ! # # ! 8 & & ! & B $6 8 & ! &

    +> 8 # !

    . B & B $5 # .

    (

    (

    !

    + ) B '! ! ! ! ' # ! ! ! # ! ,!! "" ! 9! & !

    6 18;"8;1 8; J:"8;9 N" $

    " ,'-

    " ,'/

  • ! # & ! & ! B $@ & ! & !

    G

    +> : ! & ! 0 8 ! # ! ! 8 ! ! & ! 0& ! #

    6 6 6

    & ! & ' # !

    + ! # # !# & 8 ? @ ' 5 & ,@ .

    ! # & ? @

    > #( ! ! ! ! .

    " $O 18;"8;1 8; J:"8;9 5

    " ,'2

  • &A#: B$

    ,, ! . & & !A 6% ! @% @% ! $6? # 0 ' ! & & . . 39 ' . .4

    " ' & B $, ! ! 1 ! ! ' 8 ! & ! ! . ! @+ ! & ! # $%$ 8 ! @+ ! $%$

    ,/ B ! 6,%! ! 6$%%

    8 ! ! & B $+ 8 !

    ! 6,% ! 5%% 6$? !! 6,% ! 5%% $6, !

    1 ! ! #0

    ,- 9 #! $$ # !

    ! & B $?34 34 3 !# & # ! 4 8 !

    $,5 ! 6@$ ! %

  • ,2 & & # ! !A 5%1 5% 6%1 $@% !!# !# 0 5%1 6%1 & . .

    8 & B $

  • ! ! & B $*34 . # $$* 1 ! # # 5? !0 $
  • ,0 9 #! $, # ! ! & ! &. .

    8 ! A

    1 ! 8 . &

  • & B $$5 ! +% 1 5* 1 @+ 1 34 8

    H ! @+ 1 34 8 ! 5* 1

    ,,7 & & ! & !0 H & ! ! & #0 = &P

    & B $$@ = & & 0! 8 ! ! # ! !

    ,,, :' & B $?34 $$%34 $$$ $$5 ! ? @3 4

    !!# ! ! # & ' & &

    B B $?34A %

  • ,,- ! & # & & B $$,A 34 - 34 - 34 - 3 4

    9 B $$,34 3 4 34 - # ! 9! 3 4 & G ! #

    ,,2 $6 6,? $5@ 5? ?@ . & # ! B! !! &

    5? ?@ $6 6,? $5@ 5? ?@ $6 6,? $5@ $6 6

  • 8 #

    *% 0!,%% 0!

    %$ 8 # ! 3 4 & && ; : * 9 #( ! & A !

    ! ' & # & # & 8 ! 3 B $@4 A A 8 !

    $@ 1B;2 ""::8: ;8;1 N" 6

  • # !# A .G % %- A G % %- A G % %- . A G % % / G ! 0& ' !! ! 8 & . ! ' # & 0

    & ! FF== # G 3& # & & #4 & ' 8 #( ! & ! A $%% !7C:98 ! ! ! ! *3* $%% !7- 3& 4 " $%% !7

    # # ; ! ! & A H ! & % 3 4 ! & *

  • /2 0= ! ! $, 0!7 +% 0!7 6% ! 34 34 34 !

    B 6% 0 # ! &

    $,0!

    $%%%

    !

    0!

    $

    5+%%

    @$? !

    +% 0! $+? ! $6 $6@$? $+? ! $% !

    $+? @$? !6%

    %+5 !6

    $%@ !6% 6%< ! %6$ 0!

    /3 ! ! ! B 6$ B = P P

    / # & 0 8 B & &

    @% !

  • 5% ! % !@% 6%

    5% !

    6% $, !

    8 A $, !7C ;98J: 4:"8;1 @% +% #( - H

    B! +% $% # #( ! -

    6% ! 5% !$%% +%

    ,% !@%

    $5 !

    8 A $5 !7C1:8J: 4:"8;1

    /0 8 ! #( B 65 # ! G .

    # & #( ! % & . 38 H4 8 # #0 &&

    &

    $6% ! 5% !

    @% % *% !

    @% 65 !

    8 AA 65 !7C %!

    ,, ! $5% !

    $,%

  • & # !

    && *

  • /,/ 8 ! ! $, !7 ?% !7 & *% ! 34 "! 34 & ! & # ! ! P

    0 ! # 34 $, !7 ?% !7 *% ! 8 6 6 6

    %*< !6

    34 & & ?% !7 % %*< !76 86 6 6

    % ?%!6

    $*+!6 6, !

    /,- & & 6% ! & & &P

    0 " 8 = H 8 % 6% ! *

  • 34 6 6 6 .6 6% !6 6*
  • 8 # & ! # $5 !7 &

    " 0 % 34 % B! 6 6 6

    % $5 !6 6*

  • 34 1& H ! B % 5% !7 8 34 &

    5% !@%@ $6$ ! %$6 0!34 8 . H ! 5% !7 / ! @%@

    # % *< !6@%@ @% !

    8 & ! #A B 6,- &

    @% !6 5% !6

    ,% !

    8 & # @%5% ,5 A ,% !7C ,5 /:; 4M9

    /,5 I ! $, !7 I $%% ! #& & B 6+& ! ! # 0 I ! 0 P

    B& ! #! 6$

  • #! % # 8 $6 6 % ,%% ! $6 *

  • 8 ! 6 6 # ! # &

    6 6

    8 !'!! @, 6 !'!! $ & 6 *% @,

    34 B! G 34 &

    6 6 *

  • //5 8 & # #( ' ! . #( 34 ,% 34 $+ 34 65 & 34 %%$

    /-7 B #( & ! # #! 66* . & !A 34 5% 34 $% 34 6@ & 34 $* !7 - 34 $$ !7 - 34 $, !7

    /-, B #( & ! B 65 . & !A34 $% 34 @% 34 $% & 34 55 !7 - 34 $% !7 - 34 %

  • /2- ## & & & 5% !7 34 & & P 34 & & P 34 & & P 3 4 & #$+ !7P & 34 5$ - 34 @+ !- 34 +$ - 3 4 $@ @?

    /22 # ! # 6% ! # 34 & 34 & & ,% !7 & # & & 6% 0!- 34 %*+ 0!

    /23 8& # ! ) ; $, #

    # 0 ! ! ,% . & 34 ) ! & & P 34 B! & & . # P & 34 +5 !-34 %$6 0!

    /24 ! ! # #! ! 5%% !7 8 0 #! 6%% 34 & ! #! & & ) P 34 & # #! & %6, )P& 34 $5+ !- 34 $@ !

    /20 !# & 6% !7 ) #

  • #( ! #( # ! # ! ! & B 0 ! ! G!

    #( & ! . # 0! 8! #( # ! & ! , , G ' %%%$ 0

    ! & #( B G ! *! & ! #

    9 #( #( 8 ! #( 3 & 0& ! 9 8 ! ' '! # & # 4

    . 9 ; & 3$14 & & $ 0 ! $!76 8 " @@,1

    . .A )7 #!! , 8 )7 , #!! , # ! 0 * " " ) *! B !

    . .A # 1& 9 & & ! ! !!! 8 ! & # "

  • . .> & ! Q ! * )0 5!0 ) ""! 0 , ) # & 8 # 2 1 & ) #(

    . + +> & ! & G ! B ! 3 !! #4 #

    6

    & #& ! & ++? $%$$ 1!606 & & 0! !

    . #( && #( ; : ' #( # &3 94 3 / !4 / : ! ! # = & ! # & # )! . #

    .

    .> #( ! & : #( D & & & #( 8 #(= 8 & #& - / *

  • . & (

    !'!!

    ! !'

    & !'!! & #( ( #

    > ! G #' ! ! !A ! ! B '! 3 4 # 3!46- & , 6 && & 6 8 ! ! 5 $ / ! ! # ! 6 ! 0 G ! G ! ! ! B '! ! G

    $6 6

    $ 66

    ! ! 2,,)0 !! , 5 , ,, '! G ! 5 6

    6 # ! $- ! ! !

    . > !! ! 3 '! # ! 5 !7 !764 ! # & !# ! ! !! !#

    E # # ! 3 & ! !4 B '! & # , ! 34 < ! 34 & !. ! ! ! ! & G # !# ! & & !# # # & G 8A

    3$4 + !6 6 !6 < !6 !6 !6 !6364 , ! 6 !6 $% !5 ! !6 !5354 6 !5 $,%% 0

    !5 5%%% 0 !5 0

    !5 0

    3@4 6 5 0!6

    + 0!

    0!6

    0!

    3,4$,

    5 !5 , !5

    !5 !

    5

    !5

    " 5O 1:8;1=9 9 6*

  • &A#: B$

    -, B & : # & ! 34 5%% 0 34 6%%

    8 #& ! & ! # 0! ! G & ; : *

  • -2 ,% 0 #( # & %5% !76 #

    & ! # P

    8 # ! #( & B 56 8 & #( ,% 0*

  • 6% 1,% 0

    @% !6

    5% 1,% 0

    +% !6

    8 ! & B 5@ B! . &

    @%6 +%6

    !6 ?6 !6

    +%@% ,+

    -0 +%% 1 #( # %?% !76 & # ! P

    1 & ! #( ! & & ! : & .

    +%% 1*

  • -5 @%% #0 &
  • 8& #(A & && 8

    & # ! B 5,34 0 " &

    34 %A % 34 %A % 34 56A 56 6,3 4 5@A 5@ %6,

    1 3 4- #( && " ' & % P

    -,- & & #0 ' $,%% 1 & ?%%0 P 3!!# $,%% . .- ' 4

    8 & B 5+ ; ! # # & & &&

    #! $,%% 1 ?%% 0

    ! & 6$@ !6

    -,2 "! & & @,0 &! & & 5%% 1

    8 & &! @, 0*

  • 9 ! #

    ?% 0*

  • -,0 ! 6% !7 H #0 ! & # K#& %*%P ! & #0 #0 =0

    8 & & $

    $ $ $& $ & # & $ # # !

    &A

    $ 6 5 @ $ 6 5 @ & & 31 & ! ! #0 &4 8 # 3& & 4 & # & = ! 0 ! & - =

    %*%*$?+ !6 65 !

    & # #0 ! & #

    -,6 & B 5* @%% 1 6,0 #' 9 ! #' 6% !7 ! @% B K 0 #& #' I

    & . # / . & ! . ! ! #! 0& % 6% !7 @%

    6%!@%

    %,% !6

    1& & & & %,% !76 B! B 5* G #!6,? 1 6, 0%,% !6 6@, 1

    & & 8 . & & % ! B! B 5*

    5%+ 1 6,*

  • 8

    0

    6@,,,$

    %@@

    -,5 6%%1 & # 5% & ) #P

    8 & B 5$%34 / & ! 8 & G#! . G#!

    & #( 8 # A 3$4 3

    &4 &- 364 ' & - 354 & 8 & #! B 5$%34

    B 0 ' ' 0 ! ' & & . G#!A

    % #! %,% %

    % #! %

  • & %,% ,$ 1 %,%6%*
  • -// 8& #0 ! $ 6 # & B 5$5 8 K #& #0 # %@% 34 ! # #0 6%% !76P & $ ' 6P $ 5%% 6 ,%% !!# &0 9

    8 #0 $ %@$ 6 %@6 0 & #0 !# #( - H #( ! 3 *!

    4 $ 6 & #0 !- # ' &! #( B #(

    #! $ 6 $ 6

    34 9 # 0& & .

    %@% $ 6 $ 6 5$@ 1 $+% 1 @? 134 1& #0 6 8 #0 $

    3& & # 4 6 %@6 8 #! 6 6

    0& 6% !76 6 6 $*+ 1 $%% 1 6*+ 1 5% 1

    -/- 3 # ! 4 ?%0 ! ! *%0 ! ! & B 5$@ 38 ! # , 4 B !

    / & # ! 8

    & ! & B 5$@ & #(

    #( # 0 !

    & 0 " ?%0 ! # *%0 ! 3 & & # ! / =

    ! G4 ! &

    ?%*

  • & & G 0&

    *% ?%*

  • & #0 0 ! # @* 1 6, 0%?, !6 $,*
  • -/6 ! & B 5$?34 #0 $ B ! K 0

    8 H #0 & B 5$?34 34 /0 6 $ #

    & 6 8 ! & $ 6 6 06 #! $ & ! $ 6 0$ 6 & & #0 0 ! A

    06 6 6 0$ 6 $ ! # & G #

    606 0$ 6 $ 6

    606$ 6

    0! &

    -/5 ! B 5$

  • --7 B 5$* & #( 6%% 1 5%% 1 8 ! $ ' # 6 ! & B $ 6 #

    & ! & 2 # 6

    66 $ & 9 ! $ 66 3 #( ! 4 8& &

    # && 8 6 & 3P4 && ! 0 !

    $ 5%% 1 $6 6%% 1 6 / 6%%*

  • (**B#!% B$

    --/ ; ! 0 ! ' $% 1 ?

  • -24 5%% ! ! #! ! *%% ! 34 B & ! & %?%% !7634 B & %?%% !76 && & 34 $6+ 1

    *@, 1- 34 $%* 1

  • -36 B 566 & #0 5% !76 K

    0 #& #0 # %6%P & $,%0 #0 ' 6%0 #0P & 66 1 $, 1

    -35 34 ! 5? 0 $%%1 & ! & K 0 # %5%P 34 G 0 & ! P 34 *@ 1 & & #

    #(P 3 4 #( 34 ! & & ! $% P& 34 5+ 1- 34

  • & !! 8 #( # ! #(

    1

    1 G! % ! !

    %8 ' #( ! # H 8 K G#! & ' ! # . #( # G#! - " ,

    3$4 #(

    364 9& #( ! 3 3) ,4

    354 B !

    3@4 . G#! G !

    3,4 9 G G

    . & & &&

    # 3 !!#4 8 !

    #( #( ( & & 8 ! ! !

    #( # # !

    @?

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • &A#: B$

    2, B @$34 H 5% 1 & B & #(

    8 $ G & #( ! 8 $ && . $

    1 0& $ 0& 5% 1 # 0

    !0 0 #( 8 # ! & 0 & B @$34 8 ! &

    ' & . G#! 0 B! # !

    % #! 5% 1 6 @% % % #! 6 @% %

    9 . G 6 6 5*6 1 9# G 6, 1 & #(

    2/ ' #& & *%1 # ! & B @634 B &

    # & $ 6 #= #( 8 # ! #( & B @634

    ! & & & . G#!A

    % #! 6 ,% $ $% % % #! 6 ,% $ $% *%1 %

    & G #!

    %**+6 %*

  • 2- ,%1 #' I # 6, 1 & B@534 & ! ! #'P 34 & !P 34 B #& #' I

    1 #' & B @534 8 ! ' # I 8 # ! ! & B @534 / #' ! & G#! 8 .

    G#! 0

    % 6, @% %

    34 . $*61 & . . $*1

    34 8 . &

    % 6, @% ,% %

    9 ! 55* 1 & . . 5@ 134 B! . &

    $*6155*1

    %,?

    " @O :E/ 1: 8: "8;1 ;B ";1":18 B;":9 @*

    " 2'/

    " 2'-

  • 22 B & B @@34 #( & +%% 1

    #( 0 # & 0& 8 & & & +%% 1 # ! 0 & B @@34

    . G#! ! &

    % 6 +% $ +% % % $ +% 6 +% +%% %

    8 . G $ 6 3 ! !! ! !! 5 @4 9# $ 6 G $ 5@+ 1 6 5@+ 1

    & 0 #( # ! & B @@34

    6 5@+ 1 %5, 01 G#! G % 5 6% , 5@+ 5% % % 5 6% 5@+ 5% %

    8 G 5

  • 23 : #( B @, G#! B !

    % 34 6%% 1 5%% ,%% % ! & @%%134 6%% 1 5%% $,% % ! & 6,%134 6%% 1 % ! & 6%% 1

    24 B #! @, . K 0 #( !& ) & & . .

    #! @, 8 . & % 8 & . 34 6%% 5%% % $?5 1 8 $?5@%% %@534 6%% 5%% % $?5 1 8 $?56,% %+*34 6%% % 6%% 1 8 6%% 6%%

    20 9 B @,34 #0 8 & @6 #0 # K #& #0 P 38 #0 ! #! @, @+4

    #0 # 8 B& ! #! @, @+ &

    8 & (

    / & # ' ! # @6 8 @6 %*%

    26 #

  • 0 # ! B @+34 #0 G#! &

    % 6

  • 2,, B @
  • 2,0 8 #0 & B @$%34 & 34 & !P 34 K 304 #& #0 P & 34 5* 1- 34 %
  • 2// 8 & B @$5 # & ! G#!P & $
  • ! "

    1

  • + #( & & #(! # - & & G ! & #( & 0 #( G#!

    9 > ! G H # ' # # H # ' . ' & 0& ' 8 #& H- 0& ' H G G G

    &A#: B$

    3, B G # ' B ,6 &

    0& G & 0& G 8 G

    B $% 1A %

  • % #! $ 6 6%%1 @,%1 %/ G G & ' ! # 0&

    $ & ' G 8 G G

    66%%1 *% 5@@,%1 *% 6 *% % G # 6 & . 6 @5< 1

    8 . $ & # 6 G # $ 6$6 1

    3- ! $%%1 & B ,@ ! ! 3 4 # ,%%1 & # 6%%1 & P ' # P

    8 G & B ,@ & ! ! 0 ' #

    8 G G % #!6%%1 *% 6$%%1 *% ,%%1 *% %

    8 ! .

  • 32 ! %
  • & G G ' / # G# H G G #!

    6 *% 6 % *% !0 # # 66 & .

    $

    @

    & $@

    30 " & B ,

  • 3 0 ' # ! " G G4 9 G 66
  • 8 & B ,$% ; H #

    ! = & 0 G # 'A

    % #! *%% @@%% 1 *%% %! & $%% 1

    % ! % % " @%% 1 %

    . ! ! $%% 1 " @%% 1B &

    @%%6 $%%6

    @$6 1

    8 !0 & "!

    @%% ?+%

    3,7 ! & & B ,$$ 3/ FF!== & & ! & ' & 8 4 8 & 6%% 1 %@% ! # & = 34 & ! ' # P34 K P

    34 & . 1 ' 80

    G # G G

    %@%6%% 1 @% 6 ,% %9 6 +?$ 1 &

    % 6 % % $ 6%% %

    +? 1 $ %6% 01

    +6 :E/ ;B /;2 1: ";1 B;":9 N" ,

    " 3',7

  • $

    +?$6%%

    %5@

    3,, B & B ,$634 . $ 6 5 8 #! ! &

  • (**B#!% B$

    3,/ & B ,$5 & &

  • 3,0 8 ! & B ,$+ @%0 8 ! ! 5% 0 & $, ! ! #& ! ' # # ! & %$5 01

    3,6 8 !# & B ,$? G#! #( # ;#( 5& $@% 1 & ! H # & %,% 1 B 34 & #( $ 6 34 & 34 $, 1 $@ 1- 34 ,5 1

    3,5 8 ! & 6%% 1 6, ! ; !

    & ! #! 8 $% ! & 8 & # & ! ' # & 8H @% 1 8 & %6% 01 ?* # H

    " ,O :E/ ;B /;2 1: ";1 B;":9 +,

    " 3',4

    " 3',0

  • 3/7 8 ! # & B ,$< & @% 1 #( & B ! 0 # G#! & %$$ 01 %+
  • 3/2 *%%1 & # ,%! # & B ,66 8 6, ! !!! ! # 34 % 34 5%P 3AB 0 # # (

    4 & 34 %+< 01- 34 %,, 01

    3/3 B ,65 ! #! & ,%% 1 $

  • 3/5 8 ! 0 & B ,6+ ' ! # 0- ! ' 8 & !

    B & #( ! & 0 & 0 G#! & &

    +< :E/ ;B /;2 1: ";1 B;":9 N" ,

    " 3'/3

    " 3'/4

  • #$% % &

    . # . ! & " ! ! & B +$ & # ! ! $ 8 ! $ 8 &0 # . # ! ! ! # !A

    1 #& ! 0 G

    $ ! % $ / $ $

  • .' > &0 ! # : ! L: # & # &0 & G L:

    + > : # # ! ! 0 3 # ! ; ! # 9 8 # 8 #( " @$4

    . ! &0A

    & &0 # ! 0 &0

    & ! #( & 9 & # 34 $ $ C

    & "#A $ ?@+

    .' &0 $ 0&3& $%%% C74 $ & $ 0 &0A

    $ 0 5+ $%+ C 5+ C

    &A#: B$

    4, B +$ ! #( # # ?,1 6

  • 4/ #0 ! 5% & & B +6 $ H ! @% 1 6 ! !6% 15 ! 5% 1 ! &0 # #0 3 4 !
  • 8 , & , ! #( & &

    ! && &0

    $

  • 4,7 %,%0 #0 # & 6% !7 ! ?% ! B !

    8 L: #0 # & 8

    " L: #0 S &0 #0 #

    $6

    6 $66

    / #0 ! $ % %6% !7 %?% ! & .

    % $6 %,% 0%6% !6 %?% !$! & %%$@ 1

    4,, $, !7 # 6% ! 0 & ' # # *%0 P

    ! # 6% ! 8 6% ! = L: H 9

    " L: &0 # % $6*% 0$, !6 6% !$

    & $ # !9 & . ,$ 01

    4,/ ( & ! & 6% !7 & &

  • $6

    6 $66 %

    34 6% !7 %

  • $6%% 0& % $6 !

    $%% ! 5% $%% !

    G +? 01

    4,0 # $

  • # & 0& 6%% !7 % 1 ! #0 3# # ! 4 9# # %5+, !

    4,5 +% %%%0 # $% 3 $% ! H $%% !4# 5% 01 8 ! @% 01 8= $6 !7 8 & H & ! # *% !7P

    8 &0 A

    " L: : $66 6 %%$% 5%%% 1$ @%%% 1$

    ! & 6?, ! %6< 0!

    4/7 ! ! $6%%0 ! 6, !7 !

  • & ??? 0C
  • 4-2 ! & ! 0 0 6% ! # 0 & ! &0 ! ,% !5 & 0P ; # ! & ! $%%% 0& *
  • 422 B +
  • '"

    # & ! ! ! :'! ! ! 0 ' (0&

    . ! &A

    0 &0 &0 !

    ! ! ! &0 ! # & ! ! # !# ! # '!

    +> 8 ! , ! 34 !

    ' # ! !

    8 ! , ! 34 !

    ! # ! #

    / & & #

    !

    : &0 &0

    & &

    8 K G 7

    &A#: B$

    0, ! $% ! ?% ! !! ! # ,%01 P

    8 ! # & &0 & !! #

    0 &0

    &0 3,% 01434 8 & ! &0

    ?% 8 # G #!

    ?% ,% 01& %?$ 01 ! # G

  • 0/ ! 5%%%0
  • 9! B ?$34 5$ 5 B ?$34 & ! ,% ! +% @55 ! @556 6$+ 8 !!H

    8 K $% # & !

    03 ! G $%%1 & ! & B ?6 1 &

    34 # & - ' & $6 / 8

    $6 $6 $%% 1 ,% 1

    34 # & & 8 $6 ,% 1

    34 $ 6 # G#!

    $ $ % $ $6 G#!

    6 6 $ % 6 $6$ $@/ 6 $@ 6, 1

  • 3 4 B & ! 8

    @$ $ $@ 6, 134 $ / G#! &

    6 $ %/ $ 6 6 8 G#!

    $ 6 $ % $ 6 6 @ 6, 1

    04 & ' & B ?5 @%%1 # # ,% 1 ! & 8 & '

  • $*+ 1+@ 1

    5%+ 5$

    :

    5%+,%

    %+$ +$

    ; 0

    : &0 &0

    5% !$, ! %+$ +$

    06 & B ?, (0& ! @% ! ,% !! K 5% & H ! G 6?% 0P

    (0 ! ! !

    6 6%@% !& %%%, % ! 8

    6%@% !%%%, % !

    %,% $%5

    9 K S 7 &

    3K434 %5%,%6 %$, $%5

    / 3 473 4

    6?% 0*

  • 34 9 ! & K ! 8 ! & G !6 & & 6 & # 6 6 8

    $6 6 6

    & ! 6 8

    ! # ! #

    6

    6

    66 !

    $% ! 66

    34 B!

    ?%% 1,% 1

    $@

    :

    $@66 %+@ +@

    (**B#!% B$

    0,7 ! $6% ,%%%0 $5% ! ! 6% B K ! & 5+U

    0,, #0 B ?63 4 6%% 1 G ,%0 . K ! & @ 6, +$U

    " ?O 9: "1:9

  • 0,/ B ?? 5%%1 # # # ! ! K $%% & !P ! # & 34 $%% 1- 34 ?,% 1

    0,- ! ! 55 !

  • "

    * # ! 3AA !!! 3! #4 3 #4

    * A!! G & 8 !!! 0!7 9

    ! & A

    ! 34 3 ! 4

    ! G & 1 9

    > 8 !!! # ! G ! # ! 8 ! # ! ! A . A

    ! !!! A A

    1&= 9 & * ! & & * A A A

    + > ' ! #( H ! !! #( & !

    9 ! !! ( # G ! !! ( 8 ! !! #( '

    8 & & # ! $ 6

    8 !!! # ! !!! ! $($ 6(6 $A$ 6A6

    &($ (6 # ! A$ A6 ! ! !

    $$$ 6$6 $$ 66 ! ! !!# G & # ; $$ $6 $ 6 3 # 4 !

  • & ! L: #( & #

    $6$$

    6$ $66$66 $6$6$ $6666

    > B #& & # & #! 3 '4 9 . !# #

    6 $$$ $6

    & $$ $6 # ! $ 6 ! 1 $$ $6 6 $

    B $ B $ # 0 %

    #( 3 ! 4 ! !& ! 3 ! 4 & ! & #( ! ' #( 8 #( 3 ! #(4 ! ! #( 3 !4 #!

    #( # ! ! $ 6 5 $ $ $ 6 6 6 ! #

    !

    !

    !

    & ! ' ! ! #( ! . !

    &A#: B$

    6,

  • 6/ $+ ! ! 5% !7 & @% ! ! ,% !7 8 0 B

    $+ ! # $ @% ! # 6

    80 # 8 ! @% ! 6 ,% !7 & !!! ! & !A

    !! # ! !!! ! $$ 66 $ 6

    %%$+ 0%5% ! %%%@ % 0%,% ! %%6% 0 %$@ !

    31 @% ! !!!4 A %$@ !7C ;98J: 4:"8;1

    6- 6%0 #0 ! +% !7 & #0 ! ?% $%@ P

    # ! GA

    ! #0 !!! #0

    ?% $%@ % 6% 0+% !! & $? $%@ 1 8 ! !

    62 $, # ! 5%% !7 6% ! 0 ! !& *% !7 ! ! P

    ! G . # 0 ! 80 ! #

    . # ! ! & %%6% ! $6 $*, !7 8 $%6+ $%@ 8

    $%6+ $%@ %%$, 0*% ! %%$, 05%% !& 5$ $%@ 1 & #! #

    ! GP / !P

    63 8 ! ! 5

  • 9

    % ++ $%6? 0$, $%? !

    5?5 $%6, 0 $%% $%6%5?5 $%6, 6? $%

    , !

    8

    64 %6,0 # ! $5 !7 # # . $* !7 8 # # %%$% B ' ## #

    $5 !7 $* !7 80 ! ! G

    %%$% %6, 0$* ! %6, 0$5 !

    ! & %

  • " . #0 # !!!

    !! ( # !!! ( %%$, 0 % 5%$, 0"

    & # " #0 # (

    & 0& G 8 . G & #0& $% ! & : % #0

    L: ( :$6 5%$, 0"6 5%$, 0*

  • ! & $ 65 8 & & ! !! & & !

    ; # $ 6 # & 65 6 # 9 6 & 6 5#@ ! ! $ & #@ !

    6,/ ! # ! ! & B

  • 3!!! #4 3!!! 45%% ! % $6% !

    3!!! #4 3!!! 4%6%% ! %

    3 ! P4 9 & . $

  • !! # !!! %?, ! %@5 ! $ 6

    & $ 6 . 8 G ! .

    %56 ! $ 6 :/ ! # L: 8

    L: # L: $6%?, !6 $6%@5 !6 $66$ $666

    8 G # ! .

    %?@? 6$ 66 ; 6 3:4 6 %56 $ # 3;4 8

    %?@? %56 $6 6$66$ %+@$ %+@, %! &

    G ! & .

    $ %+@

    %+@6 ,$+

    @

    %$+ %,*!! & $ %?, !7 %@5 !7 9# #0 :G 3:4 6 %@5 !7 %?, !7

    8& & #A

    $ %?, ! 6 %@5 ! $ %@5 ! 6 %?, ! ! . # ! # - 8 & $ %@5 !7 6 %?, !7 & #& G ! & # ! ' A$ %@5 !7C:98 A6 %?, !7C :98

    &%#!%A# #%:

    & $ 6 $

    $$ $6#! $ 6 $%?, ! %@5 !

    &

    6 $ $$< !

  • ! & 6@ ! 6 $ "!# & !!! G # 6 @% ! $ 6< !7

    34 $ 6 !!! G #!5 5+ ! $6 !

    34 $ 6 $

    $$ $6#! $ 6 $$6 ! 6@ !

    ! & 6 $ 5+ !7 !!! G 6 % 6 $ 5+ !7

    6,0 # ! # I # %+, B K #& # I

    8 . I $$ $ H 8

    6 $$$ $6

    6$6

    / & & G : L: # # #A

    $6$66 %+, $6668 0 # & $6

    6

    6

    $5%

    9#

    $5%

    6

    %+,

    %

  • ! & %$6% !7 8

    6 6

    %66< !6 %$6% !6

    %6+ !

    A %6+ !7C 8 & B

  • ,% %%% ! % ,% %%% !

    ! &

    / & ! ( $,%% 07 ' '

    ,% %%% !$,%% 0 ?, 1 G # 0 & 0 8

    & ?, 1 !'!! ! 0

    0 &

    ?, $%

    + 1

    *

  • 6-, # ! ' G ' @% ! 6% ! +% ! P & +% ! +% !

    6-/ 6%0 #0 & # ,% # ! H & $,% !7 #0 0 8 #0 6?% ! # 34 B #0 ( ! 34 B #& #0 #

    & 34 %5? !7- 34 %%,6 1

    6-- 6%0 #0 & # ?% # ## #0 8 # #0 #0 I 6, ! # # & & # P & %+@ 0!7

    6-2 +%%%0 0 ,% !7 & @%%%0 0 ! & $, !7 &0 ! 0 ! & & & ! !! P & +? !7 6? &

    6-3 ! 5%0 ! ! +, !7 $, !7

    %6% P & ?, 1

    6-4 ?%% # ! H 6%% !7 0 $,% C ! H $

  • &

    ' A$ 5+% 6 $ ,?5

    ; # # G 8 ! # #

    8 ! ! !# 0 Q ' # ! 0! 1 & & ## ! & &0 &

    #( & ' .' & ! & ! ! ! ! "

    8 ' 7 9 ! ! 6

    6

    & 5 ! 5 & # G 8 . !# ' ! !

    #( & ' .' & & ! ! ! ! ! !

    8 76 7!6 # & & # # & &

    1 ' ! ! & A

    **

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 80 G ( . &

    . 1> & # ' & .' ! & # ! ! ! 8 G G &

    " ! / ! # & # # & & & & 3& 4 # &

    > ! ! & ! 8 ! & "! !- ! #

    3 46

    6

    & ! ! / & 6 & ! # 7 1 & FF

    == !! G B = !#

    ! ! ! 6 B! &

    6

    6

    & &

    $%% 1 ;8;1 1 1: N" *

    $6 6 6 6 $6 6

    $6

    6 6 6 $66

  • &A#: B$

    5, :' & ! !A 34 6

  • *%% !

    $,%

    6

    *@6

    #

    34 8 & ! # 7 8

    *@6 %6%% ! $

  • 6 6% 5% 6%

    $% 6

    $6 $6 $%% 6% $%% 34 5$@

    %%,%!5$@ 4 $+ !

    50 & 5% ! ! ! $, !7 !

  • & ! # 7 9 5% 7 +% 7 +% 7463$6% !4 @6+ !76 %@5 0!76

    34 8 34 ! %6%%0 ! & #

    %6%% 043@6+ !764

  • 5,- & B *@ 6% # ! & 6, ! ,% ! & ! & ' # & 34 34 #P

    34 !!# 0 & ! ! . !

    # & 8 & ) . . # 6 : 6 8 ! G L: A

    $6

    6 6

    & #

    6 6

    6*

  • 6

    6

    %%6% 0 $?$+

    6

    %%,% *

  • & & #! H : 1 @*, !7 6,% ! *
  • 6

    8 ! # & , #0 8

    6

    & .

    *

  • 5/- 8 0 ! ! $6%% @%% 7 $+% "! !# ! ! & %,%% 76 6%@

    5/2 & 5% !

  • 5-6 +%% 0 @%% !7 & ' 5,% 1 & ! # P 3A ' 4 & $%6 !

    5-5 9 : & +5?% 0! & ' +%%% 1 & ! & & GP 3A 8 & & & & & & 4 & ,*?* 1

    527 ! ! & @%% B ! & !0 6%% 3A & 4 & $6*

    $$% 1 ;8;1 1 1: N" *

  • (!

    1 8 L: # #( ! ! 3$4 L: ) * ,3"

  • . 34 ! # # G #

    & G # ' # ! ' ! ! #

    G ! ( ' G # H !!! & ! # ! 8 # ! ,,&

    ! & ! & G #( ! # !!! # #

    ( (

    '9 > 8 !! ( # # ' ' !

    ( (! 6

    & (! !! # ' ! ! # #& & '

    8 !! 3# ' !4 ! #( ! & B $%$

    1>

    ! ! 34 !! (B G !!! !!! ( ! !

    $$6 /;2 ;88;1 N" $%

    " ,7',

  • G ! & G # G & G ! 8 &

    A L: $66 !A ( L: $6 (6

    G ! # ' !

    &A#: B$

    ,7, & ! +% 0 @% ! 5%% ! B !! L:

    ( 6 +% 0%@% !6 %*+ 0 !6

    8 L: $6 (6 & ! # 7

    5%% !

    $!+%%

    6

    $

    5$@

    L: $6 (6 $6 %*+ 0 !65$@ 6 %@? 0C

    ,7/ ,%% ! ?%! 5% 7 ' B 34 L: 34 !!! 34

    !! ! # ' B! B $%$

    ( 6,6 %@%%,% 0%%?% !6 %%%% *< 0 !6

    34 L& 5% $

  • ,72 & B $%6 @% 1 ! & &6%! 8 & !! 5% 0 !6 B 34 34 @% ! 34 !# ! @% 3 4 9& &0 & @% G L: & @%

    34 ( & @% 1%6% ! 5% 0 !6

    ! & %6+? 76 %6? 7634 .

    % %6+? 6@% $%? $$ 34 / $6 &

    $6 $%? @% 6$@ & G %5@

    3 4 0& &0 G 0 @% 1 %6% !6$@ $? C

    1 ! ! # 8 . L: $6 (

    6

    L: $6 5% 0 !6$%? 6 $? C8 &0 G L:

    ,73 8 & ! %*%0 0

  • ,74 &0 #! $%, #& &0

    8 & L: # & & & &0 &

    L: &0 G$6 (

    6

    8 . &

    $6 $6 $@+ 5, 6,,% B! #! $%, ( %%%6 * 0 !6 &0 G

    $6 %%%6 * 0 !6$@+ 6 6,,%

    ! & %%$6 1 ! $6 $%6 1 !

    ,70 I& !! 5< 0 !6 G G G ! 6% 7 ,% 7 +% P

    $6 @% $% & &

    0 & L: & $6 (6 $6 (6

    $6 $6 5< 0 !6$%%6 $+6 6& @6 1 ! 1 #! ! #

    ,76 & B $%5 ! @%% ! ! & $, ! ! ! 6% ! +, B !! &

    " $%O /;2 ;88;1 $$,

    " ,7'-

  • & & ( & ! / . & . ! ! #!

    $6 6A

    6% ! % $6 +, 6

    & %%*, !6 8 !

    %%*, !

    6

    %$, ! %+5 6

    8 ! #!

    %@% 0*

  • G 6 # G #

    $$ @* $?+ %5+! & 6< 76

    & #0 . G . $ $? 1 . 6 $* 1

    ,7,, ! . & 6%0 ! B $%@ $, !! ! ( $ 6 #! $%$%

    & $ $ 6 6 & 6%0 ! $ $

  • ,7,- 8 & # ! ! 5< ! $6%% ! 8 # $5% 1 0 +%% 1 B & ! & # #

    !0 & G & # &

    $6%% ! 6% @%

    +%% $5%%$* 1 !@% $$ 0 $,

    ,7,2 %?, !

  • / ( 6 8 # G #! $666 $666

    6

    *

  • ,7,5 8 ! 0 B $%? ! +, 0 !
  • 8 !! # '

    ( ( 6 $

    $66

    6

    6

    6

    5

    I ! 6 &

    : # L: #

    6

    $6

    6

    5

    6

    ! & 5

    ,7// ! ! & B $%* ! ' G %6, 7 / & & ! G %

  • ,7/- 0 !! ($ & $ & 0 & !! (6 3B $%$%4 8 & B .

    B! & !!!

    !!! # !!! ($$ (6% ($ (6

    ($$($ (6

    9

    ,7/2 0 0 & B $%$% !! ($ # ' & & !! ! ! P

    8 . !! 0 !

    ( 0

    6 6

    & ! ' ! ! 0 9 ! ($ & !! ( ($ 6

    ,7/3 0 0 & B $%$% ( %%$, % 0 !6 5% 7 0 0 6% ! ! ' # 6%! & ! ! 0 & 6% 7P

    ! 0 !! 0 # ! 6 & #! ! 0 !! ( 6 / !!! & !!!

    3!!! #4 3!!! 4 ( ( 6! &

    ( 6

    %%$, % 0 !6+% @%

    %%@% !6@% %$* 0

    $66 /;2 ;88;1 N" $%

    " ,7',7

  • (**B#!% B$

    ,7/4 6%% 1 ! & 6, ! 34 B G 3)4 !0 @% 0 & & 34 ,% 1 !- 3)4 56 1 !

    ,7/0

  • ,72/ "! 0 ! 6@ ! # ' ! &
  • ,720 H 0 ' - 0 ( @%%% 0 !6 80 %$,% 7 & *%%0 0 ! !# 8 ! 5%% ! ! ' & #

    P & %$6, 7

    ,726 ! & #( 9 9 ! ! ! $%, $ 6, 3 94 & & # P & , $%5 7

    ,725 *%0 = ! 3 04 ,% ! ! 8 &0 ! 0 %

  • '" ) '"

    ! # ! G ! ! # ! !# #0 ! ! 8 ,) " !

    1 !# # ! ! ,) !" & / ! $ 8 G =& 7 H 3H4

    + & B $$$ & ! ; ! ! ! ! 8 ! 0

    4 # #( ! G#! 3! 4 ! # 8 !'!! ! ,"! 3 B $$$4

    ! !- # & & ! #0 G#! 3! 4 B ! ! #0 & G#! & ! ! #0 & G#!

    $6+

    " ,,',

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 394 # ! & ! #0= & 8 ! B $$$ 9 / !# 9 G ! , 9 ! G 8= & !0 FF! == !

    3 & 4 . # & ! 3! 4 ' # # @#$ D

    8 ! & ! 8" % 17! ! ) #0= & !

    !! ' 0= & ! ' ' ! 8

    '

    0 3: $6

    6 ! ! % ! # ! $6

    6% ! & !

    & % & ! !'!! !

    #& 0 #! ! G#! L: !'!! : % ! !'!! ! L: % : !'!! B! & #

    L: : B ! 3& & ! #4 #!

    $6

    6 $6 6 $6 6%& % ! !

    ! # G

    6% 6

    ! 0= & - ! :G & '

    8 ! 3 4 & ! ; L !

    " $$O 9: ;1" ;8;1 1 919 $6?

  • > 9 ! & % & B $$6 8 ! 9 ( ' & & H ! 8 ! #0 # 9 8 ! ! % 8 ! 0 ! 8 A% !

    % G A & = A

    > 8 9 ! 0 B $$6 8

    6%

    6%%

    / % !'!! B $$6 % 9 & %A

    6% 6

    % %

    8 9 #

    6

    0 !

    > :! G #& & G 6 & .

    @6

    6

    $6< 9: ;1" ;8;1 1 919 N" $$

    " ,,'/

  • 9 & 8 # ! & #

    6

    # ' ! # B $$6 & & H ! # % 9 6 & ! 35 6 &

    % 6 % 9! ! ! #

    % 6 % ! . % 6

    &A#: B$

    ,,, B ! & B $$5 & ! GP

    8 ! !'!! ! ! G#! %?, ! 8 ! ! ! ! '! 8 %6% 8 G

    $ $%6%

    ,% ,% H

    ,,/ !0 $6 # @% B G #

    !# !

    @% $6

    55 # ! !

    $6@%

    %5% H

    " $$O 9: ;1" ;8;1 1 919 $6*

    " ,,'-

  • ,,- @%% ! 5, ! & ! & @%% ! ! P

    ' &' %@%% 0*

  • @6

    6 @

    6%%,% 0$?% 6 %+< 1!

    % %

    %$6 !

    %+< 1!

    %%,% 0

    %@@ !

    3 4 B! !'!! ! & !'!! ! % 8

    %

    %

    %+< 1!

    %%,% 0%$6 ! $+ !6

    34 B! 6% 6

    %$6 !6 %%+ !6%+< 1!

    %%,% 0

    %5< !

    %+< 1!

    %%,% 0%%+% ! %

  • ,,6 ! +% ! ! # &

    9

    '

    %%+% !

    6

    6

    %%+% !

    %@* &

    ,,5 8& 6% 17! %5%0 ! ! & B $$,34 34 B ! !

    34 " & & ! ! % ; & # & # ! 8 & ' ! 36% 17!4 ! ! & #

    6% 1! 6% 1! @% 1!"! & ! @% 17!

    6

    6

    %5% 0

    @% 1!

    %,@

    $56 9: ;1" ;8;1 1 919 N" $$

    " ,,'2

    " ,,'3

  • 34 ! && 8 !

    6% 1! 6% 1! @% 1!"! & & # @% 17! ! 34 %,@

    ,,,7 9 & ! ?% ! & ! & & G & & & P

    8 !'!! && & & # && & &

    9 ! !

    @6

    6

    38 / ! 6 & @66 & # ' 4 & && 3!

    4 % %%?% !-

    % @6

    6%%?% !

    8 & & ! & % . #! G 8

    9 #

    @6

    6

    %%?% ! 6

    %%?% !

    %,5

    8 G $ $* H 8 & & ! = G ' $* 7

    ,,,, 6%0 ! ! 5% 17! B & & ! #

    #! $$* & ! # G & #

    @35%%% 17!4 $6 %%% 17! 8

    6

    6

    6% 0

    $6 %%% 1!

    %6+

    ,,,/ # 1! ! G &! # & # #0 ! ! ! 39 B $$+4 ;! ! ! ! $,% 9 ! & # #0 & "! 34 ) ! 34

    34 ! ! ! G#! & &

    # ! 6 8 ! ! $,% 0! ! 8 !

    ! 63$,% 04 & 6*@ 0 !6 8

    6*@ 1!& ! & 6*@ 17! 8 ) !

    " $$O 9: ;1" ;8;1 1 919 $55

  • 34 8 !

    6

    $$+

    & ! ! # ! # ! #

    ,,,- "! & ! ! $,%5 ! !0 $%%% 6@+?

    6@+? $%%%

    6@+?

    9G 6 @

    6

    6 *?@* !6

    ,,,2 8 6%% ! & B $$? ! $, ! ! G#! 8 ! ! # & & ! # ! &P ! ! # !

    ! 8 $6 6% & % %$, !

    & # ! L: G#! : & # L: 39 ! ! L: # 4 8

    ; : L: !$6

    6% $66

    $6 @%% 1!%$, !6 $6 %6%% 06

    ! & +? !7

    ,,,3 9 B $$? 6%% ! !

  • 34 / # ! L: ! & ! &

    ; L: ! :$6

    6% $6 6%

    & %

  • 31 ! ! # !- # 6 ! $74

    %%6% & %?, $6+ %?,%*,6 %?$ !

    1 ! 8 . & $6

    @6 6 $$* 1! $6 1!

    (**B#!% B$

    ,,,6 ! ! & #0 8 0 & ## & ## *% 0 +%%

    #P 8 GP & %++? $,% H

    ,,,5 5%% ! 0 # & & 6% ! # # & $+ ! # @% ! 34

    ! # 34 34 ! & * !# # 3 4 ! & $6 ! # # & 34 ?% !- 34 %?@ 17!- 34 %$$ !7- H- 3 4 %%** !7 %%?@!76

    ,,/7 0 $% ! & $,0 ! ! 9 @%0 !

    ! # & ! $6 ! B 34 34 !'!! # # 34 # 3 4 !'!! !'!! # #( 34

    & ! * ! & 34 %$, 017!- 34 $< 1- 34 $% - 3 4 %?5 !7 @@ !76-34 %@< !7 55 !76

    ,,/, 6,0 ! 9 !0 ' 5 # "!

    # & ! ! G#! ,% !& $< !76 @@ 1

    ,,// 5%% ! & ! ?% ! G $

  • ,,/0 ,%% ! & 5% 17! 8! & & # P 3A 8: # ! ! :4 & 55 !

    ,,/6 & 6% 17! 0 ! 5% ! & ,% (P & $< !

    ,,/5 # #0 # H 9 & !

  • *+

    ! ! !A

    ! #! #

    "

    8 9 ! 07!5 7!5 A $%%% 07!5 $ 7!5 8 & $%%% 07!5

    + 3 4 # # ! # 8 & 3 @"4 G &

    9 ! ! !

    # & # H & ! !

    ' & ! # & A

    9 &

    9 " ! 34 & $ $ 1!6 8 & # - & '

    ! ! ! ! ! # ! &

    9 ! !

    8 ! ' %A

    %

    9 # 0 G 8 ' .

    $5# ! .

    6

    G # /=

    G G ! # !

    ! !# I I& & 3 #4 & ! #A

    #

    B ! ! ! I& & # ! !# )! ># I& ' # 6%%% # $% #

    &A#: B$

    ,2, ; I&

  • $ # 6 # & ! &

    6 $$6

    $6$66

    5% ! $$@

    6 %%$, !

    ,22 & ! & & I& 5%% 6%% !! # $,% !! ) # ,%% ! !P 8 & %

  • $ $6 6$ $ 6 $6 66 6$6

    6$ $ $6 66 6

    0 $ # '! H 8 6 & # 8= GA

    6 6$ 6

    6*

  • B! /= G & $ H

    $ 6 $ 6 $6 66 & & #

    $ 6# $ 6 $6 66# $ 6# , $%@ 1!6 $ 6 $6 66

    0 !

    $ 6# % G # .

    6666#

    , $%@ 1!6 $ 6$ 6

    $ 6 @% !$%%% 0!5*

  • 9#

    $

  • ,2,4 ! G & ) ! !! & B $@, $ ! $6 ! & 6 ! +% ! I& - & ! ! !! 66 !P 8 ! $5+ 7!5

    B! !! & #

    $ 6 $5 +%% 0!5*

  • (**B#!% B$

    ,2,6 ; I& @% ! 6, !7 B I& !57 !57 & 5$ $%5 !5 5$ $%5 !5

    ,2,5 "! & ,% ! 6, !5 & & %5, !7

    ,2/7 8 I& ,% ! %,@ !7 B I= 5% ! & # I& & $, !7

    ,2/, & & 0 ,%% ! & I& $, ! 5% !! ) @% 0P 8 & %

  • ,2-- ! & $ ! 6% ! $5% 0 6 & @% ! $ ! 5% ! I& %%
  • , -"

    ! # ! ! & H & % " # 3 4 $%% " 8 ?! 3 )!4 6?5$, "H ! " H & 6?5$, L # 5?5$, L # H ! " $+ % L 6?5$, "4 8 " #

    B ! *, 3" ! 4 56

    9 > #( ! % ! # 8

    %

    & 9 ! *" 8 # B & 0 # = '

    B! # G ! B '! $%%% %%% ! # #! $%%% %$* ! & ! $% " ' K #

    %

    %%%% %$* !$% !$% " $* $%, "$

    9> % ' % & #( !

    %

    & 9 *"& B " 3 ' ! & 4 6 '!

    + 9> ! "% # ! " & #( !

    " "%

    & 9 !, *" 8 # ! B 5 '!

    $++

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • &A#: B$

    ,3, #

  • 5% " & #

    %$ & ( FF!== !0 & # #

    $%%% !$ 8 !# FF!== & #

    %$ $ !$

    *%%% !$ $? $%, "$6% "

    $%%% !$ $$ $%, "$6% " *%%%$ 5@ $%@$ 66 $%@

    '!

    $

    $ $

    ! ! $ &

    *%%%$ 5@ $%@$ 66 $%@ *%%%$ 5@ $%

    @$ 66 $%@ *%%%$ 5@ $%@ 66 $%@ *%%% %%$% 8 " & ! 0 & ! ! 0 ! ! # & ! #0 8 !# 8 5 & !# A 8

    $

    H 3H4 & $ H $ $ 8 G & ! G #

    8 & & 8 #! # ! ! & &

    8 ,"! & !'!! # # % B 66$

    6$5

    " //',

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 8 & #& & '! ! ! & & ! 8

    8 & ( &

    ' + ' & & # ! B '! B 66$ # ! & J# & !# & 8 # - # # $

  • #4 - ! 3 04 8 #& ( 3 4 $6 ! #&( , ! $6

    > & # & A & ! # & !# & ! 3$6 4 ' . . & ' ! # .' ! # 8 & B 666 #& & %$6 & % / & ! & # G & ! G $ B 666 & G # % %$

  • B 3473! 48 ! 6 $@, $%

    5 0,%% !

    ?6% !6 $,% 1

    8 # & ! 8

    $,% 1*

  • 9 ! 6 &

    @6

    6 6% !

    6 $% !

    8 & 6@% $$% ! %6@ 0!

    //0 #( 5% ! ! G 6,+ H

  • //,7 ! $*+ H ! . ! #! @@% HP

    ! $6 9 & $ 6 ; $ G $*+ H

    $*+ H 6$

    & @@% H &

    @@% H 66

    ! ! & ! G .

    6$

    $*+ H@@% H

    %@@,

    8 # . ! %@@,

    //,, +% ! # ! ! # & # 39 B 6654 ! G # 5% 0H & #P

    / # ! 8 ! ! # 8 ! & B 665 / !

    & $@ & 6$@ 9 %+% ! & . $6% !8 ! # 3 6$@4 &

    $6% !5% 0H 5+ 0!

    //,/ "! & 3 &4 & . # *% ! 8 # G & & *, H B &

    8 # ! & B 66@ #& ( @ ! ! G & B ! @

    @ @%*% ! 5+ !

    5+ !*, $ %5@ 0!

    //,- 8 & G & # # #! 66$6 P

    8 . & & B 66@

    %$@ %& % $ 5 , ? % & / % %

    % @%

    % %

    @ %$

    & ! #! 66$6 $ *, H 8 . & G *, H %6* 0H%@< 0H

    6$< J: ;8;1 N" 66

  • //,2 ! @% ! . & I # "! & ! G # # ! & # ,,%% !7 & &G ! & & # #P

    / # & # & ' & ! 3 & !4 & ' # & B 66, &

    6 @

    6 6%@% ! %

  • 8 ! ! ' 9

    ' 8 &G & # #! B 66+ & & ! # 9 ! ! ' ! . !8 & ! 8 ! . #

    & # # ! # 9 ! 6

    66 6%% !8 !

    6%% !5 $%5 $ + 0!

    //,4 34 ! & G $+% H 80 # 5@% !7 34 #

    34 B 66@34 8 & # @ 8

    $@ $

    @

    5@% !@$+% $ %,5$ !

    34 & # 8

    6 $@

    $6

    5@% !6$+% $ $%+ !

    //,0 *% ! # & ! # ! ! G P

    8 & ! & B 66? &

    . 6$@ $@ ! & $6. @, !

    //,6 # ?%% ! # B G & & & 5@% !7

    # ! & B

    66

  • & % / % %

    % %

    6

    % 5@% !

    6 %?%% !

    6@5% H

    (**B#!% B$

    //,5 8 & G ! # 6% H 6% 0H !

    & ! 0 # 5@% !7 & $? ! $? !

    ///7 C # ?+% 0H 8 & 5%% $%< !7 & C= &P & 5*, !

    ///, & & 5@ ! & ! ! 8 5%% $%< !7 GP &

  • ///6 & # & ! G 6,+ H & # !G & & & 0 P & $6< H

    ///5 9 & ! ! ! & G 8

    ?

  • '

    .+ ! & ! !! & ! & 0 ! G & #& # 6% H 6% %%% H &G # 6% 0H ! & 8 & G #& 6% H &

    1 > ! ! # ! #

    3 4

    & . & # $+? !! 3 1 4 # $@% ! 316 ;6 64

    8 ! & ! #

    !

    ! ! # 2= ! ) B G ! #0!

    % " 55$ !7 8 & ! ## %+$ !7 $ " $ 6 # ! $ 6 #

    $6

    $6

    8 G &

    ( & !- & # & & 9 ! ! : & 8

    ( :

    ! # & & & ! % G & !

    ( 66 66%

    H 07!5 !7 % 3 !'!! ! ! ! !!4 ! ( 7!6

    665

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • ! ! & & & ! 8 ! / ' #& ! !

    8 !'!! !!! # & & ) G ) 8 !# # G ) #& G & & !#

    > 9 ! ! G # # ! !! 9 # ! & . ! !! 8 # & G . #

    . .

    # ! & ! G !#

    # ! & 0 & # 8 G !# & ) - G #&

    / . & # # & !

    . #

    > 8& & ! G ! ! # ) & # & & & # 3"

    & & & & & ' 1 & # & & $

  • &A#: B$

    /-, ' +%% 0! ! & ' P ! ! $@% "

    / # %+$ !7 $% " &

    55$ ! %+$$@ ! 5@% ! & . ! 0

    +%%% !5@% !

    $?+

    /-/ 8 . & & I &A FF ! #& I # 8 G 0! I== C

    8 555 !7 $5 0!7 I

    5

    & ! 0! 8 ! I

    5 $%< !7 # ! G !#& I 8

    /-- "! 6?% " B 6%$< 070!1 # !! $+? 8

    $+?

  • /-4 ! & 3 &4 &P 8 #0 ! & 66 $%* 17!6

    #0 !

    66 $%* 1!6$%%% 0!5

    $, 0!

    /-0 0 6

  • $% ($%% $%$6 !6

  • ! ! ! . ( #

    ! (

    ((%

    ( (%

    ( (%9#

    ( (

    ((

    +%% / 5 +%, /! &

    8 # ! ! & & !#

    /-,4 !# ! 5%% !7 & G ,%% H 34 5@% !7 & G & # P 34 !

    . .

    ,%% H 5@% ! 5%% !5@% ! % ,@@ H

    . .

    ,%% H 5@% ! 5%% !5@% ! % @,+ H

    /-,0 ! 6% !7 & #& $6%% H4 $, !7 G # # P 80 # 5@% !7

    . .

    $6%% H 5@% $,5@% 6% $66 0H

    /-,6 & 0 ! # %5% 34 /& ! G )P 34 & ! 0 1& # %@% 0 & G0P

    8 !# # G G )

    BG $%5%

    55 H

    BG $%@%

    6, H

    ! ! # # G 8

    & G ! G 0 0 G G

    /-,5 0 G @%% H ! & ! # & I & & 6% !7 G 34 I & ! # 34 & ! # IP 34& ! # P ! # 5@% !7

    34 8 0 ! #

    66< 9;1 N" 65

  • . .

    @%% H 5@% ! %5@% ! 6% ! 5*?? H 5*< H

    34 8 & & ! # 0 ! & & 8 I & ! ! A

    . .

    @%% H 5@% ! %5@% ! 6% ! @%6@ H @%6 H

    / #& G @%6@ 5*?? H @? #

    /-/7 B 65$ +$ +6 8 & ! 3 4 B & $ 6 & # # P

    $ 6 & ! & & 0 G ! " ! & ! ! ! 8 & & # !'!! &

    $ 6 & ! +$ & # & # ! +6 & / # & & ! +$ & ! ! ! +6 ; & !'!! & '

    & # & $ 6 % & %

    /-/, 8 & B 65$ # & $ 6 $ & &0 & $ 6 6%% !+%% ! $%% ! G 5@% !7P

    8 &0 & # & ! +$ ! +6 !! 8 & $ 6 $6 $6 6 $6 $ #&&0 ! & %@%% ! 8 !

    5@% !

    %@%% !

  • /-/- & ! 5$ "P & %5, 0!7

    /-/2 .

  • /-27 ! #
  • .> 9 & 1 1

    ! 1 1 ! & - 8 ' # !,) ! # !,) #

    0 11

    63

    !4

    & 9 ! ! & 8 9 1 !,) 3"4 8 "!#= &

    3 ! # !0 !! ! ! & # ! H # ) !

    656

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • ' & ' 8 . ! ' # "

    : . # 0 . 8 ! . . . B ! 3# 4 ! 3# 4

    G ' # / . G 8 17" 3 " 6,4 J7!

    1 & . &' 0 #

    0 1

    1 0 & #

    > 8 . 0 3 ! 4 1 & !0 "!#= & 1 ! 1 & '

    0 $

    @

    11

    6 1 $

    @

    1

    6

    / 1 & . 0 1

    0 1 0"! & ' 0 &

    0 $@

    1

    6

    8 . ! 1 8 ! . 1 B 1 0 & ! 1- 1 0 &

    > 8 ' # ! "!# 9! !

    &A#: B$

    /2, 8& $, ! # 8 '! & ' 6 1P

    8 ! ! ! $, ! ! '! "!#= & 0 *1$166 3& * '! $%%4

    " 6@O ";;/=9 1 ::"8" B:9 655

  • 1$16 16 0

    6

    6 1$, !

    6

    * $%* 1!6"6 , $%$% "6

    ! & 1 6 $%, "

    /2/ #! 6@$ # $, ! & 8 & #

  • 1 & # ! A 3$4 3!# !4 ! # 364 /

    & & ! # ! 38 & # 4 8 # ! & & & !

    B! !

    0 0< 05 @% 1 5@ 1 %+ 1

    /24 B "!# 0 #& &

    !

    B! "!#= & 1&= &

    0 16

    6

    6

    6

    0

    166

    66 1

    6

    68

    *% $%* 1!6"6$+ $%$* "6

    ++? $%$$ 1!606*$ $%5$ 06 @6 $%@6

    !

    /20 & B 6@6 & # ! %$% # & G G#! ! &B #

    " # G#! A 3$4 - 364

    $% $%@ 0*

  • +% *

  • /25 8& 'A 5%" % ,%" @% ! ! 1 # ' # HP

    8 & B 6@@ 0& 1 ! # !& ' 3P4

    9 1 ' & ! ! ," & 5% " 8 1 # H ; 3" & 1 P4

    B 1 & & H & 5 , !

    15% $%+ "

    6 1,% $%

    + "%@%! 6

    1 $%+ " ! & ! #

    ,6 5%%@% 6 6 $6 %6@ % G ! & .

    6 @

    6 $6

    $@@ %*+

    6 %+% %??,!

    8& $@ ! %$< ! 8 . - ' & & ! ! #

    /2,7 "! 34 . 0 5% ! ! 1$ ,% $%* " 34 16 @% $%$% " 5% ! ! 1$ 34 15 @% $%$% " 5% ! ! 1$ 3 # 164

    0 1$ 6 *% $%* 1!6"6 ,% $%

    * "

    %5%!6 %,% 01"

    & ! 1$

    0 016 ,%% 1"@% $%$% " 6% $%? 1 %6%1

    & ! 1$

    0 015 ,%% 1"@% $%$% " %6% 1

    8 & 1$

    " 6@O ";;/=9 1 ::"8" B:9 65?

    " /2'2

  • /2,, B & B 6@, . 34 . 0 34 @% $%< " 34 & . & # H 3 # @% $%< " 4

    34 & # # 1$ # 16 / $ 6 ! & ! # ! .A

    0 0$ 06 1$ 6$

    16 66

    6$1$ 16

    & $ 6 %%, ! 1$ 16 # 1$ 16

    0 *% $%* 1!6"6

    %%,% !6 6, $%< " *% $%, 1"

    &

    34 1 & ' 5 8

    0 01 *% $%, 1"@% $%< " %%5+ 18 & 8 # . 8

    .

    34 #! 6@* & . & # H !& ,% $%< " ! ,% $%< " #

    0$ 06 %# . & . 8

    1$6$

    1666

    *% $%* 1!6"6 6% $%

    < "

    %$% !6 ,% $%< "

    6

    %

    9! & #

    56 %6 %%$ %& %$% ! %%5 ! ; ! %$% !8 G $% !

    /2,/ 8 G & B 6@+ : G 5%% ! "! & # +%%" P

    65< ";;/=9 1 ::"8" B:9 N" 6@

    " /2'3

  • 8 # . 1 8 ! # 0 16 #

    0@ @%% $%, 1" 0< @%% $%, 1" 0, ,%% $%, 1"/ 0< !0 @,% H &

    0 0< @,% 0@ $$? $%, 1"0 0, 0< @,% 6$? $%, 1"

    0 06 06

    00 & . 0 6@? $%, 1 $$

  • 8 . & 3 & #

    # # 4 # &' & !

    0 10 $+ $%$* "5%%% 1" @

  • %%%% $5, 1 1$16%%@% !6

    %%%% $@% + 1 $6 1$ 166%%@% !6

    # G

    1$16 +%% $%$+ "6 1$ 16 ,%% $%< "9 G ! 1$ 6% " 16 5% " 3 4 # #

    (**B#!% B$

    /2,0 & ! $% " P ! $% " P & +6 $%$< ,? $%$6 0

    /2,6 & G $ " & # $ 0! & & #

    #& !P & * 01

    /2,5 ! #& & $% ! $%$% !4 & 65 1

    /2/7 #& & # $% ! $%* !4P 8 $

  • ' & +%" & 34 %55 017" - 34%+? !1

    /2/5 5% $%, " B . ,% ! ' & $$ 017"

    /2-7 B G! @%" G 6% ! B . G 34 34 ! G 34 & G GA

    ! ! & 34 H- 34 H- 34 ,$ 17" &

    /2-, %6%% # ! . 5%% 017" & # 34 H 34 @%% !1P & 34 +,5 "- 34+

  • &+ "

    #& &0 ! ) #& # " " # " &0 3(7!#4 ! 3J4A

    $ J $ C"/ &0 G ) 0 &0 ) !

    # 8 &0 1 !

    1" " 1"& ! # # " " 1 3 4 &0 " " 1 &0

    > 8 # &0 ! . # ) !

    " 1

    ! ! 8# 1

    " 1

    & 8 1 ! . & # " &0 ! 1" ! # 8&0 3:04

    9! & 1 "! C " &0 ! 1" !# 8 &0 1" :0 B "& # :0 & 1 / " " & # :0 & 1

    6@5

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • " 0> 9 . ! " ! 0 / 0 &0 ! 3! 4

    " 08 . #& & ! ! G . 0 #& ) " A B

    " 0

    + > 8 &0 3!#4 ' $ . # $ ! ! 3J4 8

    $ J $+%6 $%$* "$ J $+%6 $%$* C:G

    0 3 J4 &0 3 (4

    ; & & # 8 " .

    " ! ! #&

    B 1 !# " 3B4

    ' > 8 & # ! #

    *%

    & * % ! 3 " 6@4 !3 ! 4 #&

    %

  • &A#: B$

    /3, B 6,6 ) #& ! @% J 34 P 34 & ! &0 ! # 5% " ! P B! P 34 & & 0& . P 3 4 ,% !! & ! P

    34 #& # #

    & ! !

    34 8 ! &0 1 ) " 1" 8 ! &0

    5% "@% J %$6 0C/ #& # &0 $6% C4 ! # 5% " ! 8 ! ! &0$6% C4

    " 6,O ;8:18- ""81": 6@,

    " /3',

    " /3'/

  • 34 #& ' ! #. .

    3 4 B " 0 8

    0 " @% J%%%, % !

  • ! !

    $

  • " 1

    *% $%* 1!6"6 6% $%

    + "%6% !

    5% $%+ "

    %5% !@% $%

    + "%@% !

    *% $%* 1!6"6$% $%+ "! $% $%+ "! $% $%+ "! *% 0J

    /3,7 8& 1 1 # # . # HP

    3 4 G

    % 1$ 1

    6 $ 6

    8 & & # ( &

    8 # H &

    /3,, B G 5% ! B G 34 6%" 34 & 6%" & 6%"

    " 1

    1

    *% $%* 1!6"6 @6% $%+ "

    %5% ! @, 5@ $%, J

    " *% $%* 1!6"6 6% 6% 6% 6% $%+ "

    %5% ! @, %

    /3,/ B 6,5 6%% " & $%% " 34 B # # 34 & ! &0 ! # ,%%"! #P

    " 1

    *% $%* 1!6"6 6%% $%

    $% "%

  • /3,- B & 'A 6%" % 5%" 6% ! +%" ,% ! 80 :0 # H &

    ! & ! &0 ! # # ! .

    ' # 6%" .- G &0 #

    1' & # 5%" & # 6%" 8 )#& . & & # 6%"

    " %6 6%"

    %6% ! *% $%* 1!6"6 6 $%

    + "%6% !

    *% $%@ J

    8 &0 G # 5"

    5" 1" %6 5% $%+ "*% $%@ J %6?% CB & # +%" %,% ! 8 &

    " %, 6% $%+ "

    %,% ! 5% $%

    + "%5% !

    $6+ $%@ J

    8 &0 G # +%"

    +" 1" %, +% $%+ "$6+ $%@ J %?,+ C ! &0 G !# !A

    :0 %6?% C %?,+ C $% C" & & # ! . ) P

    /3,2 8& ,% $%$6 ! I & & # ! & ! P

    8 :0 & # L: #! 6,$5 8 ,% $%$6 ! ! .

    " *% $%* 1!6"6 $+% $%$* "

    , $%$6 !

    6

  • 0 " $6% J%%6% !

    +%%% J! +% 0J!

    !

    0 10 $+ $%$* "+%%% J! *+ $%$+ 18 ! 0 9 # 8 &

    " :0 "1 $6% J$+ $%$* " $*6 $%$? C $* $%$? C1 " !

    :0 L: $*6 $%$? C $66 $66$*6 $%$? C $6 *$ $%5$ 06 %

    ! & +, $%+ !7

    /3,4 & B 6,, ! #& & H 8 6% ! @% $%$5 0 1 6@ $%$< " B ) #&

    6,% ;8:18- ""81": N" 6,

    " /3'2

    " /3'3

  • 9 G#! & G &

    8

    10

    0 1 @% $%

    $5 0*

  • /3// $6 B 5% 0J "!

    : $6 1" $6"6 $6 $6 $%+ B5%%% J6 ,@ C

    /3/- 8 !# & & B 6,+ $%%% J "! 34 G G !# 34 ! 34 ) 3 4

    $

    G $$

    $6

    $5% B

    $+% B

    $6% B

    ! & 6% B34 !# ! & !#

    8 34 &

    1$ 16 1 G" 6% $%$6B$%%% J 6% "

    "$ 1$$

    6% $%* "

    5% $%$6 B ++? J %+? 0J

    "6 166

    6% $%* "

    +% $%$6 B 555 J %55 0J

    : $ $6 1$"$ $6 6% $%* "++? J +? $%? C %+? C: 6 $6 16"6 $6 6% $%* "555 J 55 $%? C %55 C: !# +? 55 $%? C $% $%? C $% C

    8 # $6 1" $6G"

    6

    /3/2 8 !# & B 6,? $6% J ! G G !#

    B !#

    G $ 6 6% B +% B

  • : $6% J ) ! 8

    1$ $"$ 6% $%$6 B$6% J %6@ "16 6"6 +% $%$6 B$6% J %?6 "

    8 !# 1$ 16 *+% " ; & &1 G"

  • ! & ! " 1 1 5

    5% $%+ B 1 @

    @% $%+ B 15 %?,1 @

    9# G

    %?,1 @ 1 @ +%" 1 @ 5@ "8 1 5 %?,1 @ 6+ "

    (**B#!% B$

    /3/0 8& ! & ! $,%J # & ! &0 G ,%" 34 ! 3)4 ! P & 34 ?,C 3)4 ?,C

    /3/6 8 # #! 6,6?

    ! 1 *$ $%5$ 04 & ( # 0 P & ?5 $%, !7

    /3/5 1 & $+? $%6? 04 ! ) $% J . P & $@ $%? !7

    /3-7 1 *$ $%5$ 04 ! @% !! &

    ! 8 ,% J & & ! # ! P & $5 $%+ !7

    /3-, 8 ) #& & ! $6% J 8 5% !!B . #& & @% 0J7! &

    /3-/ 1 *$ $%5$ 04 & ,% $%+ !7 ! . 5% 0J7! & & # P & 6@ !

    /3-- ) 6@ 0J ! && . #& & H # $< ! B ! 66 $%$5 0 ! . #& & $+ $%$< " $%

    /3-2 ! # 5% ! ! ,%%" & $, 0J

    /3-3 "! ! . # $% ! ! ! 6 3 .4 P & 6* $%* 1" 6* J @+ $%$* C

    /3-4 %6%" 5% ! ! 5%"

    ! &0 G # %6%" $< ! 5%" P & %%6? C

    /3-0 6%" 5%" ' $%% ! & 3 4 ' & # #HP & @% ! %6% !

    /3-6 #! 6,5? & ) #& & & 'A %$ ! %* !P P & @ $%, J

    6,@ ;8:18- ""81": N" 6,

  • /3-5 ! & ,% $%+ !7 8 . 5% 0J7! & # = ! $%% !P & 5
  • % % 2

    ( ' & ! 9 ! & 1 & ! &

    ( 1

    1 !# ( ," 3$ $ "74 / ! 0 # I& 8 I&

    # ) 3 " 6,4 #& ! ! , 3!4 # & & # ! ! ) # G ! 8 ! ! )

    & #( ! ) " ! # ! #( ! I& A

    "(

    8 , & !# 30 !4 $ $ J7

    . & . & ! . G " ( G # ;!= & & ;! " ( 8 & '!

    8 " ( # & " ) 3 4 #& & (

    +> # ! !! # 8 ! # 3&4 !! 8 ) ! # ! 34 ! & 8 ! # ! # !! ;!=& "( 3 ' G ! !! ! # 4

    3 !4 # & ( ! ! &A

    6,+

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • 3$4 3 4A

    8! ! 3 4" (

    364 3 4A

    8! ! 3 4" (

    354 'A

    8! S ! #

    +> 8 &

    & 8 ! ! & & ! B ! !6 !

    + . > & % ! % !

    % % %& ," 9 ! & &! # ! ! 8 L$ "$

    ! & ! % %

    % % %

    > 8 ) & ( I& # ;!= & ( 8 & " & I& FF&== ! &

    8 ! # & ! # # ! 8 #

    &A#: B$

    /4, %,% I& & & ! & !P

    / ( 1 & 1 ( %,% +% 5% " 3 $ $ "74

    " 6+O ":18 :9981": 1 ;=9 6,?

  • /4/ & ! I& ## ## %?, P

    B! ( 1 I& ## $% 1 ( %?, $% %?, "

    / ! $+ $%$* " 8

    1!#

    %?, "$+ $%$* " @? $%

    $ & I& & ! & & ! ! & ! # & ! & # ! 8 #& ! 3 #4 & B6

  • &A#: B$

    /6, ! G G $ 6 5 34 34 & B 6

  • 34 9 ( $% & . ! " ( $% $6 $6 J

    !

    " ( $% , , J1 !

    3 4 8 ! # ! 8

    8! S" " $6 , $? J; & 0 0 & # ! 80 &

    8! ( $% $ $< J $? J

    /6- $6%J & ## A @%% +%% ?,% B G

    & B! "( "6 & . ##

    $ "6

    $ $6% J

    6

    @%% 5+%

    9! 6 6@% 5 $*6 / $

    G $5+%

    $6@%

    $$*6

    G

  • 34 8 5% ?% - ( $ !

    $

    $ $5%

    $?%

    $%6$

    $ 6$ 8 G

    G 6$ ,% %@ ?,

    #

    ( G

    5% J?,

    @%

    34 8 ?% $% $%% - ( $

  • 1& $ +% & $,% - ( +% $,% 6$% 8 6$% & *% - !# !

    $

    6 $6$%

    $*%

    6 +5

    G

    G +5 6% %6

  • /6,7 ,% I& B 6
  • 1& & ' .

    J ! ' @% $% 5% 6 5@ J31 & ! # & B! ' 4 8 ) #& ' 5@ J & ' #

    /6,- B B 6

  • /6,2 ! @%% I %6% ! & G 5% !!P

    B 6

  • 8 & 8 . & &

    ' " 6 $%+ B%6, J %, "

    /6,0 B !! ! B 6

  • /6/, & ! $+% 3 4 G ,% $%%J P & ! ! . . ! & ' & B= &

    8 !# ! & & ! !- & # #&

    8 ! ! & A . #

    & A & ! # !

    H= & ! / & # & ' # ! . 8 ! # ! L& & 0&

    &A#: B$

    -/, @% !

  • 8 !# 8 ! !#

    % $@%@ $%? 8 ! ,+ $%? 8 !

    -/- 8 G & B 56$ $, !6 ! . & %$+ 8 ' B I' &

    0&

    %$+ 8$, $%@ !6 6@ $%@ # 6% 6@ $%@ # 6% 65 $%@ # 6% 6@ $%@ # 6%

  • -/3 ,% 5% ! . !. ! 9 ! . ! %$% 8 %5, 8 ! 6% ! B !

    %6, 86 %6, 8%%5% !6 ?$ $%@ #

    ,% ?$ $%@ #6 $%5

    $< J

    -/4 8 ! B 565 ! ! ! & B & ! !34 & 34 &

    34 " . ! ! I' & 8 ! & I& I' &

    B I' & ! I& !

    1& ! ! & I'

    8 & I' & I' & . I' I& ! #

    34 I' # != ! & & 34

    ! & . I& ! ! #

    -/0 B 56@34 ! . & %6% 8 & 8 ,% !6 # # ' & ! & ,% ! & B 56@34 ! %6% 34 & I' 34 & ! 34 I&! P

    ' %6% 8,% $%@ !6 $% $%@ #B ' ,% $% $%@ # ,% %+@ $%@ #

    %+@ $%@ # $% $%@ # %5+ $%@ # 5+ #

    5%< 1": :B- 1:8" BM N" 56

    " -/'-

  • $ %5+ $%@ #%6%

    $

  • #%: /

    8 !

    $

    # 1& $8 . & &

    (6 %%,% 65% ?, ! 5?, $%5 16% ! ?, !

    -/,, 8 ! # ! & B 56+34 & ! & 8 ! . B ! # 3 4

    # & & B 56+34 I& # & . !

    5$% 1": :B- 1:8" BM N" 56

    " -/'3

    " -/'4

  • / ! # ! . ! #A

    8

    ( !

    & ! . '

    . # & ! . 8 # ' H 3 #4 #

    ( 66

    & B 56+34 & & & ! &

    66

    6

    # ! G & 8

    66

    6

    ! & !

    66

    6

    " & & # ! % % *% !P

    -/,/ 8 & B 56? # & G ,% 7B ) #& & &

  • $

    0 . ! H 6 8

    6

    %6% %5% 8%

  • -/,4 +% ! ,%%% & %?, ! B I' & 5% 8 !# 5%% & $? !7#

    -/,0 ! & & & 8 & $, !6 & $6 !6 I= 5, !6 :=

    ! . %+% ,% #& H ?% B I' & & I & %,? !# ,+ # $+ !#

    -/,6 8 I' #! 56$+ $% !# ! %%,% B ! & +? J

    -/,5 I &

  • -/// ! & $% !7 && ! :=! . %,@ ! ! ! ' $6 ! & %+, !J ! &

    -//- 0 $% ! 6% 7 # ' &

    ! . & %+% 8 ) #& ! 0P 3A8 ! ! & #! 56$64 & %5< J

    -//2 & ! & I& 6%% ! @%% $%%% & & 0 6% ! ! ! . %%$$5 8 ' 0 HP & ,* "

    -//3 B 56+ # #! 56$$ & & &

    P & 66 6

    5$@ 1": :B- 1:8" BM N" 56

  • .

    ! ! ! & B 55$34 ' 3 ! ! #4 ! ! . 8 & . !

    6 6

    #& ! !# 3 4 G B 55$34 & ! !

    & ! & ' # #& . 8 &0 G # B

    3 ! 4 3 4 3 4

    !

    ! ! ! 3 4 & B 556 8 ! & ! . G

    ( 3 " 5%4 & #& . 8 !! ( ! # G & ! B !

    G 34 (

    5$,

    " --',

    Copyright 1997, 1989, 1979, 1961, 1942, 1940, 1939, 1936 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.

  • / ! ! ) % 3 4 , 8 #0 ! ! ) !

    1 ! 3 4 3#0 !4! 3 4 3#0 !4

    !

    8 ! & & ! !

    3! 43#0 !48 ! & # ! &

    &A#: B$

    --, $?% 5?? & G P

    ! ) ! ' % 9 6 6 & 5?? 6 ! & & . G +% H

    --/ & ! $%%% 3 & 6% !6 4 := ! . %?% !'!! 3 ! 4 %,% JP

    ! = ' # . !'!! I' & 8 ?% $%, 8 '

    6 6/ 6 !'!! ! 6 8

    %,% J6

    %,% J6$%%%6% $%@ !6?% $%, 8 %,? 0H

    5$+ ::"8" :1:8;9 1 ;8;9 N" 55

    " --'/

  • --- $,%% 7! $%%% J ! # $6%% JP

    / ! ! 3 G4 & &

    $ 6

    $6

    $6

    6 $6$

    $,%% ! $6%% J$%%% J

    $

  • --4 8 ! ! & B 556 65% & $+% & $6% J #0 ! !P

    8 ! 0 #0 ! & ( 8

    #0 ! (/0 ! $6% J $+% 65% $$+ J

    --0 %6,% ! 30 B 5564 %,%% 34 & ! & $$% J & %6,% P 34 #0 !P

    34 ! ! # $%% K & "( G &3%6,% 4 8

    $$% J( %6,% ?@+ ( $+*,

    /0 ! 3 4 ( $$% J $+*, %,%% $%* J--6 , ! ! # ! # .

    ! 8 ! & B 55@ ! %%,% $6% J ! 34 ! # ! #0 !P 34 & ! & ! +% P 34 & #0! & ! 6% P 3 4 ! & & & # ! # ! & ! 6% $6% J . ' P

    ! ! !

    $6% J%%,%

    6@ 0

    ! ! %%,% +%

    $6% J

    %%,%

    ! & 6%

    /0 ! 3! 4 3 ! 4 $6% J 6% %%,% $$* J %$6 0J

    ! 3! 4 3 ! 4 $6% J 6% %%,% $6$ J %$6 0J

    5$< ::"8" :1:8;9 1 ;8;9 N" 55

    " --'2 " --'3

  • --5 8 ! & B 55, ! %6, . $,% $6%J ! #0 ! $$, J "! A 34 ! ( . ( ( 0 # !- 34 & 0 # !- 34 & ! . - 3 4 K ! 3& ! . 4

    ( 3! 4 3#0 !4

    ! $6% $$,

    %6, 6%

    ( !

    $6% J$,%

    %

  • --,- 8 ! ! ,*+ J 8 ! %$%% 34"! ! & ! @+% 34 8 . $$% ! . & ' 34 ,,% J- 34

    , @,, 6,% 0

    --,2 ! 34 5%% $6% J ' & $6%% ! G G & @%% P

    & 5$< 1 !

    --,3 ?,%0 65%J ! 6@5, J . $6, & ! P & %%5* *

    --,4 $6%J # &! # 6% ! 8 & ! $6 !7 &

    ?% !7 &! 8 $6* 07!5 ! & P 3A & ! & P4 & ??

    --,0 ! & ,%% & I'

  • +2( 2( ,

    '> ! I' ! !

    / ! # & I'

    ! & 3 ! # ( 4 8 ! ! #0 !

    8 ! # !3 8

    B J 34

    > I' ! ! # # 8 & ", ! 8 & ! # ! !& 8 ! ! ! &A

    &

    & ,! & !

    > / #0 ! &0 !