HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES: ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

SCH4U Spring 2012

Aldehydes (suffix: -al)

Contain a formyl group (-CHO) Contains a carbonyl group (-C=O) Always found at the end of a

hydrocarbon chain

Naming Aldehydes

Identify the root Locate the longest chain that includes the formyl

group Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent

alkane to get the root) Identify the suffix Identify the prefix

Number the main carbon chain (the carbon atom is the formyl group is always carbon atom 1)

Name and give the position of any alkyl side groups Name the compound

There are no spaces between the prefix, root and suffix

Questions

Name each aldehyde:

Questions

Draw the condensed structural formula for each aldehyde: 3-methylbutanal 2-methylpropanal

Draw the line structural formula for each aldehyde: 2-chloroethanal 4,4-diethylhexanal

Ketones (suffix: -one)

Contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) The carbon atom in the carbonyl

group is bonded to two carbon atoms or carbon chains They may be either the same or

different from each other Have at least three carbon atoms

Naming Ketones

Identify the root Locate the longest chain that includes the carbonyl

carbon atom Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent

alkane to get the root) Identify the suffix

Start numbering at the end of the carbon chain that is the closest to the carbonyl carbon atom

Determine the number of the carbonyl carbon atom Identify the prefix

Name and number any alkyl side groups Name the compound

Questions

Name each ketone:

Questions

Draw the condensed structural formula for each ketone: Propanone 3-ethylhexan-2-one

Draw the line structural formula for each ketone: 4,4-diethylhexane-2,3-dione 3-methylpentan-2-one