scales and arpeggios primer - guitar
TRANSCRIPT
Scales and Arpeggios for Guitarists (Primer)
Sungmin Shin
Scale Theory Basics
Major Scale Formula
Tone - Tone - Semitone - Tone - Tone - Tone - Semitone (T-T-S-T-T-T-S)
Whole - Whole - Half - Whole - Whole - Whole - Half (W-W-H-W-W-W-H)
Scale Degrees
1st = Tonic = Do 2nd = Supertonic = Re 3rd = Mediant = Mi4th = Subdominant = Fa5th = Dominant = Sol6th = Submediant = La7th = Leading Tone = Ti8th = Tonic = Do
C Major Scale
Major Scale Along a Single String
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WW H W W W H
DoTiLaSolFaMiReDo
Scale Degrees
Solfège
2^
3^
1^
4^
5^
6^
7^
8^
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&2 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
&19 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
&28 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
[Title][Composer]
©
[Arranger][Subtitle]
DoTiLaSolFaMiReDo
Scale Degrees
Solfège
2^
3^
1^
4^
5^
6^
7^
8^
IIFret Numbers IV V VII IX XI XII
Key Signatures
Order of Sharps - F# - C# - G# - D# - A# - E# - B#
Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle
Order of Flats - Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb - Cb - Fb
Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father
C major/A minor - no sharps or flats!
G major/E minor - 1 sharp (F#)
F major/D minor - 1 flat (Bb)
D major/B minor - 2 sharps (F# - C#)
Bb major/G minor - 2 flats (Bb - Eb)
A major/F# minor - 3 sharps (F# - C# - G#)
Eb major/C minor - 3 flats (Bb - Eb - Ab)
E major/C# minor - 4 sharps (F# - C# - G# - D#)
Ab major/F minor - 4 flats (Bb - Eb - Ab - Db)
B major/G# minor - 5 sharps (F# - C# - G# - D# - A#)
Db major/Bb minor - 5 flats (Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb)
F# major/D# minor - 6 sharps (F# - C# - G# - D# - A# - E#)
Gb major/Eb minor - 6 flats (Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb - Cb)
C# major/A# minor - 7 sharps (F# - C# - G# - D# - A# - E# - B#)
Cb major/Ab minor - 7 flats (Bb - Eb - Ab - Db - Gb - Cb - Fb)
• These have been arranged in the order of increasing number of accidentals (sharps and flats)• Notice that three pairs overlap (B/Cb, Db/C#, and F#/Gb)• Sharp Keys - Go half step above the final sharp in the key signature• Flat Keys - The 2nd to last flat in the key signature• Exceptions - C major and F major
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Mode Theory Basics - Relative vs. Parallel
Relative Modes of C major
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1 - C Ionian
2 - D Dorian
3 - E Phrygian
4 - F Lydian
5 - G Mixolydian
6 - A Aeolian
7 - B Locrian
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 8
1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 8
1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 8
1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
Parallel Modes with C as Tonic
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1 - C IonianMajor Scale
2 - C DorianMinor Scale with #6
3 - C PhrygianMinor Scale with b2
4 - C LydianMajor Scale with #4
5 - C MixolydianMajor Scale with b7
6 - C AeolianMinor Scale
7 - C LocrianMinor Scale with b2 b5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 8
1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 8
1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 8
1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
Basic Scales for Improvisation
Major
*Ionian 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7
*Pentatonic (Major) 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6
*Blues (Major) 1 - 2 - #2 - 3 - 5 - 6
Dominant
*Mixolydian 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7
**Pentatonic (Major), Blues (Major), Pentatonic (Minor), and Blues (Minor)
Minor
*Dorian 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7
*Pentatonic (Minor) 1 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b7
*Blues (Minor) 1 - b3 - 4 - #4 - 5 - b7
Practice Sequence (for 7 note scales)
*play scales up and down single strings
*then create scales shape by filling in the octave shapes on the following page
*play scale up & down + down & up
*try jumping back and forth from tonic to each of the scale degrees
1) Scale - 5 notes (1-2-3-4-5)
2) Arpeggio - Triad (1-3-5)
3) Scale - 8ve (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8)
4) Arpeggio - Triad (8ve) (1-3-5-8)
5) Arpeggio - 7th (1-3-5-7)
6) Arpeggio - 7th (8ve) (1-3-5-7-8)
7) Scale - 9th (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9)
8) Arpeggio - 9th (1-3-5-7-9)
9) Up Scale + Down Arpeggio - 9th
10) Up Arpeggio + Down Scale - 9th
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Octave Groupings by String Sets
6 - 4
6 - 3
5 - 3
5 - 2
4 - 2
4 - 1
s
3 - 1
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