scada a complete overview
DESCRIPTION
A complete intro to SCADA and some basic components involved. Architectures used are also discussed.TRANSCRIPT
SCADA
Group Members:
• M. Ismail Zafar 10-MCT-08
• Syed Naqash Hussain 10-MCT-11
• Mushhood Amin 10-MCT-55
What is SCADA?•Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
•DATA ACQUISITION??
• Type of Industrial Control System(ICS)
• ICS are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world
• SCADA includes large scale processes including multiple sites and large distances
SCADA Components• Field Instrumentation• Sensors, devices to control.
• Remote Terminal Units• It is a microprocessor controlled electronic device that
interfaces objects in the physical world to SCADA
• Communications Network• Equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites
• Central Monitoring Station• Collecting information gathered by the remote stations to
generate the necessary action
Why SCADA is needed?
To remotely collect different plants on different places
To control process from a distance
To create logs and reports about system’s current and past state
To send necessary information to engineers and operators in real time using instant messaging and SMS
Where SCADA is used?Water Distribution
Water Treatment
Waste Water Treatment
Pump Stations
Elevated Storage Tank automation
Water Well
Traffic Signals
Video Security Cameras
Fire Alarms
Traffic signals
Process Line Control and many more places……
RTU
RTU
RTU
SCADA Architecture
Monolithic Architecture
Distributed Architecture
Networked Architecture
Monolithic SCADA Systems
• Standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to other systems
• Communication protocols developed by vendors of RTU equipment
• Protocols have no functionality beyond that required
• Not feasible to intermingle other types of data traffic with RTU communications
• Very limited connectivity to the SCADA master station by the system vendor
• Use of two identically equipped mainframe systems, a primary and a backup
Distributed SCADA Systems• Vendor controlled, proprietary environment
• Improvement in system miniaturization
• LAN technology to distribute the processing across multiple systems
• Distribution of system functions across multiple systems
• Networks not capable of reaching beyond the limits of the local environment
• Vendor creates its own network protocol
• External communications networks were limited to RTU protocols
• Improves the redundancy and reliability of the system
Networked SCADA Systems
• Open system architecture
• Multiple networked systems, sharing master station functions
• Utilizing open standards and protocols
• Distribute SCADA functionality across a WAN
• Open standards eliminate multiple limitations
• Easier to connect to third party peripheral devices to the system or the network
• Use of WAN protocols for communication between the master station and communications equipment
• Disaster survivability
SCADA Functionality
• Data acquisition and display
store binary & analog data into process data base
• Alarm & Events
record important changes and operator actions
• History data base
keep a record of the process values
• Measured processing
calculate derived values (limit supervision, trending)
Continued.....
• Logging & reporting
collect data through sensors, analyze the data and save and output the results of the collection and analysis
• Human Machine Interface (HMI)
graphical object state presentation, lists, reports
• Operator Command handling
binary commands, set points recipes, batches, scripts (command procedures)
Comparison between SCADA & DCS
DCS (Distributed Control System)
SCADA
• Expensive hardware • 200% cheaper than DCS Hardware
• Control and monitoring over small areas
• Over large geographical areas
• Data transfer via LAN infrastructure
• Data transfer is wireless
• Application stored on one database
• Application data are divided over several databases
• Fast with complex control • Fast when used in logical (on/off)
• application
• DCS contains only Contol • In addition to Control a SCADA has Data acquisition
• Direct control, output directly to field
• actuators
• Send set points to local controllers
• Focused in process industry • Focused in discrete production industry