Mutations

Ms Hou

What is mutation?

What is mutation?

Mutation is a

permanent

change in

the genetic

information.

Types of mutation

Somatic Mutation

Mutation occurs in

any body cells

EXCEPTS gametes.

Somatic mutation

cannot pass on to

the next

generation.

E.g: Lung Cancer

Germ line Mutation

Mutation occurs in any

body, especially in the

reproductive organ such

as sperm or egg.

Germ line mutation

can pass on to the

next generation.

E.g: Huntington’s

disease

What causes mutation?Ionising radiation.

Ionising radiation such as UV light, X-ray, and

gamma rays can alter DNA to cause cancers and

other harmful conditions. E.g : skin cancer

Chemical agents.

Chemical agents that causes mutations include

environmental poisons and irritants such as

tobacco tar and high alcohol intake.

Biological agents.

Virus and Bacteria that alter the structure of DNA.

E.g: HPV increases the risk of cervical cancer.

Medical Technology

Amniocentesis is performed

between 16 and 20 weeks

into the pregnancy. By

around this time, the

developing baby is

suspended in amniotic

fluid. A thin needle is used

to withdraw a small

amount of this fluid from

the sac surrounding the

fetus.

It can be used to test:

Down syndrome

Cystic Fibrotic

Fragile X syndrome

Chorionic VillusSampling (CVS)

CVS test genetic

abnormalities by taking

a tiny sample piece of

the placenta tissue

using a slender needle.

It is specifically used to

detect genetic disorder

disease such as Down

syndrome or cystic

fibrosis.

Karyotype Karyotype is an organised profile of a

person’s chromosomes. 22 pairs autosome

and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Karyotype of Disease

Genetic Disorder Diseases

Research on the questions on the genetic

disorder disease answer sheet.

You should provide answers of each questions

in details.

Finish the answer sheet in 20 mins, then go to

moodle.

Under Year 10 Biological Science, go to the

group number link.

Padlet Key in the password “ Mutation”, then you

can write your answers on the wall.

Here is your seating plan and Code, write the

Code in the top left box on your answer

sheet.

Write Relevant Content ONLY

1A 1B 1C 1D 5A 5B 5C 5D

2A 2B 2C 2D 6A 6B 6C 6D

3A 3B 3C 3D 7A 7B 7C 7D

4A 4B 4C 4D 8A 8B 8C 8D

Quiz Time (lol)1) Define mutation.

Mutation is a sudden and ____________change on genes.

2) List two types of mutation and identify their differences.

3) Define Karyotype

4) List three possible mutagens ( agents that can increase

the rate of mutation)

5) List 2 medical technologies to detect genetic disorder.