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IIAUI4OHAJIEHAPXEOJIO| I,rrIECKkIIlHCTr4TvTI4My3EI4EbJrrAPCKA AKAreMr4lr lrA TIAyKI4TE
CBOPHI4K B fIAMET HAIIPO OEC OP BEJII43AP BEJIKOB
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)Iemrp letee. IIPO<DECOP BEIII,I3AP BEJIKOB (18 van 1928 2I anpun 1993) .............9
Bacln Hurconoe. KOnEKTI4BHA HAXOAKA OT K:bCHOHEOIIIITHI4 CbPIIOBEB TEn nPOBAII4'-COJIHI,{UATA ................................ 15
ElkaAnastas.cova. GEOMETRIC MICROLITHS FROM THE LYUBIMETS LAfENEOI ITFIIC PI I SANCTUARY ...................... ................. L)
Ilemtp BanaSauoe. MI4PKI4H 14 APyII4TE EAOHCKI{ fiOIII4CI4 ..................................26
C e e mtaua Uu axue o a. 3 A I4AEHTIIOI4KAUI{'TA HA TPAKI4IZCKI{TEXI'IAPOHI4MI4'Aptrlorc6q u 'Aptdrllq .......................... 38
Touto Cnupttdouoa. CBETI4JII4II{ETO HA AI4OHI{C B APEBHA TPAKI4fi .................... 43
BenenutL Eaparcoa. TPAKI4ItCKI4 CBETI4JII4UIA B IIEHTPAJIHLI' ilPEAEAnKAH ..... 57
fiutumt p llono6. TPAKUI4CKi4fiT KOHHI{K. IIAPTT-XPEII / UAPTT-EOf ................ ]5
fio1puena Komoaa. COl]I{AllHI4 ACIIEKTI4 HA POACTBOTO IIPI4 TPAKI4TE:3HAqEHI4ETO HA POIHI4HI4TE HA CbIIpytAIA I4 MAI4KATA ................................ 93
Kocmaduu Po1adcrcuea. K:bM TEMATA 34, ,,TPAKI4I{CKOTO I43KyCTBO" ................ 104
Tbmxct Cmonuoa. PI4TOHbT OT IPAIA .. .. . . . .......... . 1 18
)Kuerco )Kexo(r. POJUITA HA KOHHI4UATA B:bB BOEFII{OTO IEnO B EnAAAIIPE3 V B. np. Xp. ............................... t24
fictnu.eno Ramuruapoact. EPOH3OBA APbXKA C I43OEPAXEHI4E FIA CI4PEHAoT ooHAA HA PE|I4OHAJIEH I4CTOP]4qECKI4 MWEIZ - IA3APAXI4K .............. 129
)Kucxo Vsyuoe. KEPAMI4TIEH KOMIIJIEKC OT MOfI4IIA 2 OT HEKPOIIOJIAIPI{ C. I4CIEPT4XOBO, nA3APAXLITKO .................... ....................... 133
Aue.nua Eo.ytxo ea. K|bCHOAPXAI4T{EH KEPAMI{qEH OPAfMEHT OT HECEB:bP
0.{nr{ orrlE 3A OCHOBABAHETO HA MECAMEPT4T) ....................... 143
Ivan Karayotov. THE MESAMBRIAN PANTHEON ACCORDING TO NUMISMATICAND EPIGRAPHIC DATA ..................,. 148
Jfn6a Oatetroaa-Mopuuoca. MPAMOPEH KOJ'IOC HA AIIOIIOFI KIITAPEIB MECAMEPT4-q I]OHTXfrCKA ...................... ............. 161
Ilemx Rtnurxtnta. HOBOOTKPI4T |IOCBETIITEIEH HAAII{C OT HECEE:bP ..........172
CntosLuxa fiu.uoria. HOBtr4 EJII4HI{CTI4r]ECKI4 |POEHI4 I"IAXOAIU4 B FIEKPOIIOJIAHA AHTI4I]HA MECAMEPI4' .,..,.....176
Becenrca Ra4apoe a, flauueta Cmostuoeu. HAAIPOEHA MOltItlA N, 600001 0
IIO AKE HA H. KOJTOKL{TA, fP CO3OllOJl . . . . . .. ..... .................... 186
I{anur Lo fI emrco ca. TI4IIOJiOf I{fl I'l 14HTEPIPETAUI49 HA TEPAKOTEHI'{TEol,IfvpKu c I43O5PAXEHuE HA EPOC .........-......-..211
Alexander Minclrerz ANCIENT STONE DEVICES FOR TRAININGAND CONDITIONING OF ATHLETES FROM ODESSOS ...................223
Maria CiiiKova. COLOUR IN THE STONE DECOR-{TION OF THE TOMBWITH KARYATIDS NEAR SVESTAzu ..................,......229
Memodu Mouoe . B3A\4MOOTHOIIIEHI4f MEXAV H9KOI4 CKI4TCKI{ UAPE B
AOBPYAXA 14 H-SKOI4 OT BIIAAETENUTE HA IO'IEMI4TE EJIIIHI4CTI4T]ECKI4MOHAPXI4I4 (CIOPEA E[II{fPA@CK}{ tr4 HyMI43MATI4qHn AAHHI4) ................... 236
fitnnuaEomeoa.I{b,rllKbMEAI4HIIbPBOIIPOXOAEU ...................242
Peter Delev. ONCE MORE ON THE THRACIAN STRATEGIES OF CLAUDIUSPTOLEMY ..................245
Rumen lvanov. THE MILITARY CONTINGENT IN MOESIAAND THRACE(PRESENT-DAY BULGARTA) .............2s4
3tamosapa llxeaa. OPIAHtr{3AUI4JI HA PEIII4fI'IO3HI'{JI l{ AAMI4I{I4CTPATI4B-HI{JI XI4BOT HA 3AIIAIHOIIOHTT4'ICKI4' KOIIHOH ...................265
Xpucmo IIpeuueruoa. COIII4AJIHI4 IIOTPEEHOCTI{ 14 IIOJII{TI'IqECKI4 EJII4T BIMPERIUM ROMANUM: HONORII MI'NUS PUBLICUM B fPAAOBETE IIOBI.JT|APCKOTO TIEPHOMOPI4E .................................276
Ceemta llempoea. 3A IIPI4IIOXEHI4ETO HA AOPI4I4CKVIPEAB TPAKI49 . ...... 283
3dpaerco,\tmumpoe OBIIJ nOlnEA BbPXy PA3BI4TI4ETO HA KAMEHO-
AENCTBOTO 14 KAMEHOIOEI4BA B fOPHA 14 AONHA MI43I,I' IIPE3PAHHOPI{MCKA|A EIIOXA (I - rr B. Cr. XP.) ..........299
Mario lvanov. ATTIC INFLUENCES UPON THASOS GRAVE RELIEFSoF TFIE ROMAN PERIOD .................. 31 I
Maptn RrLuuuteaa. @tr4fYPAJIHA IIII4HEHA JIAMIA OT HAqAIIOTO HA II B. .......317
Eneuo lletleea. I{EPAM}ITIEH C:bA OT PI4MCKATA EIIOXA ...........321
Bctcu:tr;tt fepacuuor<tr. lBA JINILIHCKI4 HAAIII{CA OT C. BETPEH,cr4ltI4cTPEFICKO .................... ...........326
Btadu.uup lleuuee. ,{BA Ptr4MCKI4 EPOH3OBI4 MEAAnbOHA OT OOHAA HAHI4M - CO@r4-{ ..........332
Povlina Vlaclkova. ABOUT THE ROMAN STANDARDS AND STANDARD BEAR-ERS (ACCORDING TO DATA FROM THE PROVINCE MOESIA INFERIOR) .............334
Hadetrcda Rupoea. EIHA CTAIyETKA HA OOPTyHA OT HOBE .............................. 340
KcLueu fiutumpos. MOHETHA I]I4PKynAIlI,{t B HOBE (MI43LIA II) IIPE3378-612 L CTATr4CTIIKA r4 I{CT'OPI4qECKA I{HTEPUPETAI_II4_f, ............... .............346
lauuena Azpe. fPOEHI4IJA OT K:bCHATA PLIMCKA EnOXA KPAIZ MAnKOt-bpr roBo ................. . 366
Xpttcmo tlonoe. AHTtr4qHA PyAAPCKA HAXOAKA OT PAIZOHA HA BP:bXMETIKOBETI,OBTUHHAXACKOBCKI4MI4FIEPAJIHUEAHI{.....................................314
Cepzeir Top1amoa. |PAIi4II{ETO OCTPI4JI BPT'X KPAI{ OBr{ElIOnlJI4,IlA3APAXr4rrrKO ................... .............. 386
Beu4uc.taa fluuuee. HOBI4TE, K:bCHOPI4MCKI4 UEHTPOBE HA SCYTHIAI4 MOESIA SECLTNDA ......................... 414
AreHa Teu,roea. KOJIEKTtr'lBHtr{ MOHETI-II{ FIAXOAKI4 OT IV BEI{ CJ]. XPB 3EMI4TE HA AHEIUHA BbIIAPN-S I4 T'XHATA POJI' B IIOIPEEAJIHATAIIPAKTT4KA .................449
lourcct Bnaduuupola Airadmosa. IIAPI,IIIHIUIT HOMI4HAII CEMIIC IIPE3 V BEK ...457
Ceemocnaea @rmunoea. AI{CKOBi4IHA TEXECT OT IIAyTAJII4fl .............................462
I4eaH Bo rcoe. XPI4CTI4IHCKI4 IIEqAT OT AEPI4TyC ........................ 465
Boan fiy.vauoa. HACOK]4 B PA3Bi4TI4ETO HA PI4MCKATA lT |OTCKATAI{AEHTI4TIHOCT IIPE3 6 B. ItPEtnEA HA CbBPEMEHHI4TE I{3TOr{H141]J1............468
Alexander Panayotov. THE FIRST JEWISH COMMLTNITIES IN THE BALKANSAND THEAEGEAN ................. . .. .. ...480
Ilaaet feopzuee. TyTXOFI - KAMIIyCAT - "|PAA" HA PEKA AXEIOIZ ................... 495
Kocma Xadacuec. HA,{llhC'bT HA MAPI{fl OT CPEAHOBEKOBHI4T |PAAriFPBLt.t ......................508
B u ot e m a H e ute ea. MEJIHI4IIIKI4fl T MAHACTI4P "CB. BOf OPOII4I IAcIll4JIEOTr4CA" ('CB. 3OHA") B HOBT4 AOKyMEHTT{ ................... 519
RatnepurnBeueduxoaa.3.A3BAHI{ETO"EAIIIA,EAIIIE,EEIIIE' .........532
299
oEIrI UOI-IEA BT,pXy PA3BI4TT{ETO HAKAMEHOAEJTCTBOTO r4 KAMEHOAOEI4BA
B roPHA r4 AOIHA IiIW3VLA rrPE3PAHHOPT{MCKATA EIIOXA (r - il B. CJI. XP.)
3dpaerco fiuuumpor
flpu cr,epeuerruoro r.rHBo rra npoyqBaHrl-sTa B ABeTe pr.rN{cKr.r fpaHriqHr.i npoBr.tHql,rH
lopna u .{o:tra Mu:u.r ca noKanrr3r.rpaHu
no-fol].flMa qacT oT I{aN{eHoJIoMHI{Te! Kor{To
ca cna6grnalu BoerrrruTe nafeps, rpaAcKr.ITe
IICHTPOBC I4 BI.{JIHI{TE KOMTIJIEKC'I.
IIacro-arqara crarr4.s npeAcraBn.{Ba eAlrH
crlBceN{ KparbK rrperne,u na npo6-neur.rre,
cB6p3aHA C IIO.{BaTa Lr pa3Br{TIIeTO rra Ka-
MeHoAeJrcrBoro lr rauenogo6una s Pr4N{cxa
Tpaxux lr n vacrHocr B JIBere rpaHuqHr4 npo-euuquu lopna u lomra Mr.r:uq. Teuara on-pencnerro e ronxongua. roc roiirra H TBtpneHeo6xoaurva 3a rrocraBqHe u pa3rnexAaHe B
paM(uTe Ha oTAeJreH crrnHo cnequanr.I3l4paH
uoHorparluueu rpyA. PannoplrucKara erroxae IbpB qr cropr.rLrccKu nenHoA- B KoiiTo ce
rrocraBr Haqalroro Ha opraHlr3r.{paHa u go6pe
nJraHHptua chcrcNrc or rteHTpoBc ra Lo6HeHa KaMeHeH MaTepuan lI oTTaN{ ce cTLIMynII-
pa aKTrrBHo pa3BuTHe Ha KaMeFroAencTBoTo.
]4ueHHo Ha-rraquero Ha toller{fi KoJprqecrBa
apxvTeKTypHH cT,opT,)KeHuq, KoNIl]nel(cr{,
rrpeKpacHo orlropirreHa apxrrerrypnr,r ,rer a -;ru u nagrpo6nr.r rraMernlrqr4) u:pa6orrauuoT KaMSK Ca eAHO OT OCIIOBHUTe U3MepeHUs
Ha pr.rNrc(ara rlrlBunr.r:aqu.{. Taxa ragnols-BaHero Ha rpaiiHlr crpottre;IHl4 MarcpuaJrr4,
cE3IaBaHeTO Ha r4HXeHepHr.r C6OpsxeHlrr OT
ux, oSoprvxuero Ha Benl.rKoJlerrHH npor{3Be-
AeHr.r.s Ha rBKyc:rBoTo oT BapoBr.r(, rpaHr'rT r.r
MpaMop 6erexar eAI4H orpoMeH Hanperr,K B
hrynTypHo-rrcTopuqecKoro pa3Brrrr.Te Ha Tesrr
perlioHr.T or AHerxHa Ceeepra Br,,rrapnl.I4lrenno roBa ceplro3Ho 6raroycrpo;reane
Ha cenurqHaTe IIeHTpoBe, n3B:rlHfpaacK'ITe rlBOeHHr.rTe KOMrrJreKCrr AaBa pj{3l(aTa rpaHuIIa,
B eAHa rlrrcTo apxeonofl'iqecKa HacoKar Mex-
Ay orKpuBaHrire or Hac KoMIl.JIeKcn or npa-r.rcroprzlra u aHTuqHocTTa. Ilaera:anero napI4MCKI{' UUBI4nr{3aqLrOHIleH MOAeJI, OCHOBeH
6erer, n xoiiro e eKcnJroilrlrpaHero IIa KaMeH-
Hr.rTe 3ajlex Ha BceKH pefuoH H I{3ArrfaHeTo
Ha A6nforpaiiHH KaN{eHH}r cfpaall u cr'op6-xeHnf! pa3rpaFrnrraBa .rcHo HoBaTa ,,poMa-nu:r.rpana" cpera Ha rvrlt3r.tilcru.re 3eMI't orTrrrrr4qHo BapBapcKr4t Br4,u Ha KoN{IIJreKcrrTe IIcbopbr(eHHrra or eTroxara Ha tpaxuiicrcurcuapcrBa (V-I n. np. Xp.).
IJelra Ha roBa KparKo LBcneIBaHe e IaMapKHpa ocHoBHr.rTe rrocTr4xeHlrs B HayI{aTa
r'lo To { vo\rcHT. KaKIo H na onpeae,rn. Haii-
seqe Ha 6a3ara Ha r{3BopoBur Marepllan, Ko-
uro rrMa or oIpoMHr.rJ{ 6poii apxnrexrypunaeraiinrr rr HaArpo6nr{ flaMerHlrqu or ABereMu:uu, rlge rpr6Ba Aa ce r6pc.sr rJraBHure
rIeHTpoBe Ha KaMeHoAercKH.fl 3aHtu{T I.I KOIi Ca
6ran]r naii-eaxrnr.{Te KaMeHoJloMHI.r, ocHoBHrr
3a r.rKorroMr{KaTa H rrpoc eprlTeTa Ha pur{cKa-
Ta rrpoBuHqI{anHa clicTeMa Ha BaJlKarrr4Te.
B reere MHsuH e lIMaJIo I4 3HaqHTeJIeH
BHOC Ha KaNIeHIIH MaTepUaJIIr- TOna Ca r:rae-
Fro ereiicKr{, Maroa3r.TilcKrr r.r I1ponoHTu,4cl{u
Tr.rnoBe MpaMopu. BHac.tHIr ca MpaMopL{ orcBeroBHo u38ecTHr4 qeHTpoBe aHcTpH6yToprrHa (aMeHeH Marepuan xaro ,{oxr.Iuefiou, o.
flporcoHecoc. o. Trcoc- o. flapoc. HHKoMe-
guilcrn varepuanr4 ri ap. (feroB I 978, 13-20;
Perkins 1980, 23-69). Taxa HarlprrMep onpe-,[ereHo BHoceH e NrpaMopa. ot xofito ca al-
3 00 Iopaaro lt'rtrrt,t7'n'
n6jrHeHu !eTaiijlr{Te oT Mats3oneii B AHxIIano(uarap u B rrpoBr.rHr(a{ Tpaxru, nalrerruxr,rc NIHoro Bar(eH) (AHMr.rrpoB 2005, 408-423;,{uuzrpoe 2007, xar. Ns 348. O6p. 372),aKporepr.Tr; or yr-rrr.{ Ecxyc (Mercklin 1962,39, Abb. 185; !r.nrurpoe 2007, Ne 388, O6p.415-417; fir.ruurpon 2007 a, 218-234), ecnn-KOJTeIIHa KOnOHa OT p03OB N{paMOpj OTKp}ITa B
rteHrtpa na Hurorro-rlac a;1 14 crpyM (pa:xon-KIi Ha lL Blagxoea rra aropara or 2002 r),pe;r.rqa geraiila or roir.sN{ara nepr{crunHactprla B A6pr,r ry c. \tH()-,*(ec rRo nct Jilnt oT
f oneN,rr.l o6ule cTBeHr.t cf pa,qu (repnu, a,r,rrf lr-learbp fi ap.) e Olecoc n Map4uanonol,Kol{To ca r.r:pa6orenu or fipoKorrccocKH N{pa-
r'rop (luvr.rrpoe 2007, sux xaralora) a gp.lv'fnoxecrso or capxo$a:ilre, orKpu l H lro 3a-
narlttonouruiicxrir 6ptf fi BT,B BtTperxHocr-ra ua lbprra H fIorHa Mu:ux (oco6enHo s
uerrrpoBe Karo Maprluarrolol u Ogecoc) caoT I.Hap. npoKollecocKIi I,l]lH aTlIqecKI{ BHOC
(l{eauon 2002, 262-27 3).
OcHoeHa qacr or apxlrexTvpHnre KoN,r-
rrJrcr{cn ts lopua u folna l\4n:ua o6a.le ca6nnu r.r:rpa4eHlr 6nalogapeuue Ha ercrrlto-aTrlpaHeTo Ha MecTHHTe KaMeHHIi 3aJIe){{U.-Ibea
ca Haii-ee.le pa3nrrqHr.r [opoiqrr BapoBH-
rlrrj TpaIIIIT Ii 3HaLrHTenHO I]O-MaJIKO KOiII{rIe-
cTBO Mpa\{OpU.
B npoeunqur l'opna Mr.r:ul KaMeHoAeJr-
crBoro ce pa3BrrBa orqe or I B. c"[. Xp. Bo-eHHrr{r Jrafep Paquapu-n npeAocTaBr peI}rqaKaMeHHU IIaNIeTHUrlr;r - apXUTeKrypHII .qe-
rail,ru, uagrpo6Hu lJTor{n r4 capxo$a3r4. Ka-MeHoJIoMHurc rla aHTHrIHara KoJIoHtlt ynntt;r
Paquapu.r ca 6n,rlr xpaii grreulrr.r.a rp. Eep-KOBUrla. TaM e 6I,Tn Jlo6uBaH BucoKoKaqecr-Berr BapoBr4K rr MpaN{op. Egua uacr or nag-rpo6nule nnouu (O6p. 1) or Paqr.rapral caorue oT BpeMeTo Ha rrocTo{HHo rrprrcbcTBr.ie
Ha nerlloHa: rpa.r ua I B. - caMoro Harrano Ha
II n. (,{r.nrnrpoe 1542,35, xar Np 49, ra6n. I,O6p. I ; Aranacoea, fepacnrrona 1978,21-32,O6p. l). ApxllrexrypHrre gerafi:ra lr capxo-rla:ure ce Aarrrpirr ocHoBHo B rrepuo,ua Ha
naii-cra:rrro pa3Blrlue Ha KonoHlsra: Kparr Ha
II naqa,roro Ha III B. cn. Xp. Oco6eHo erre-
O(tp. 1 . Hadzpo6ua ntoaa om Paryuopun,rpan rta I utttlt:t.tottu) ua lln., t. Xp.
Yxpac'.a: Suutr ztaau (5yr<ecpanrul tt zuptaudu,uMltmupdtn rlpusoco norc Lt trazpol leHery cpo3ena u ttlb.t6o|n notyKpT)?.b.)7 rlpoumou.
r{ar.[.{Ba { e capKotf ar or rula "ualoa:r.rficxlrrHpn.{HIII}I capxo4ra3r{" (O6p. 2). To:u [re-IboBT,p Ha aHTHTIHOTO r43KyCTBO e rr3cneABaHs Hafi-Naarxa nogpo6uocra H orJIaBHa ce cnpeBT,pHan R eTaJroH IIpr4 H3yqaBaHeTo IraKaNleHHI4Tc naMergr.tlll c 6orara rl;racrnqHaapxfiTercoHr{r{Ha yKpaca or Prucra Tpaxr.r.r(6urroe 1910, 1-22).
Terpge l.rurepecHr{ ca AaHHr.rre 3a pa3-BL{THeTO Ha KaI,IeHOAeJICTBOTO B ]lafepa Ha
O6q noarcd erpxy pastumuemo ua xateuodetcmeomo u tattetrcdo6usd s fopln u.4o.tHa Mtaua ... 301
O6p. 2. Coprcorlaz om Payuapun - emopama no.loluHa Ha II 6. cr. Xp. Eozqmq nnqcmu,rtru yKpacasbpxy BcullKu cmpaHu Lr KqnaKa. Cnada m,u muna ,Ma.noa3uiicKu zupitflHdHu capKod)a3u".
V Mare4oncrur nerr{oH, rpaHcQopM}rpaHrro-K:I,cHo B pLIMCKaTa KOJIOHI.i.{ v,rnrur ECryC(sa pa:euruero Ha ro3[ rIeHTbp B Hail-paH-Hr4s My nepuoA Bn)K olpo6Ho: Ka6axqleea2000). Apxeo:rorur 14. Berxoe ycraHoBrBa,qe EcKyc e cHa6ArBaH c KaMeHeH MarepuanHaii-ManKo or ABe Kaprrepu. EAnara e npu c.
Kpera, a Apyrara npr4 c. KyHuHo. KaMeHo-
JIoMHI{Te nplt c. KpeTa ce HaMr{paT no npore-XeHI{e Ha AecHlttT 6prr Ha p. Br,rr n ca pa:-IIOJIOXeHIT Ha OTJILiT{HO OTKpOqBaIqUTe Ce OT
oKorHulr repeH BapoBr.rroBr{ Tepacu (Benxor1934,82-91). Te ca :axpanea:ru narepa Ha VManegoncnu nerr.ron o Ie or I e. c:r. Xp. HaTepeHa ca orKprrrrr ro:rel,or xauensu 6:roxo-Be (KBaApr.r) u HeAoBtpmerru apxr4TeKrypHn
.4erafinu (nocraueur, KonoHa). Or crqaraenoxa ca I{3BecrHu lr HqKorKo HaAtpo6ur.r na-MerHuKa r-i craryu: crera Ha Pesuyc Xponu-yc, uafi-paunux KaMeHeH nalrernux or !o-nHa Mrr3r.rr (uavaroro Ha I B.), crena Ha fafiBlr6nil (Dponron, BerepaH or V Mare4oucrrnerrroH, orrpr4ra B c. BafiKan (O6p. 3; nu-
O6p. 3. Hadzpo6ua nqovq om c. Eaitxan,pezuoHa Ha Vtnun Ecxyc - nt'p6ama nolroluHa
ua I e. ct. Xp. Xapaxmepuume 3a ryt)xamadyuaecrca tuuecua soua nt'ecrcu rluzypu
y6eHuqeam ndMemHuKa.
302 3dpaaxo lltLuumpoa
HaTa ny6nliKarlr{r Ha rraMeTHrrKa Brrx y: Arr-MI4rpoB 1942, 26, xar. I,b 17 , ra6r. XII, O6p.45), crzrryn or BpeMero Ha r{Mrreparop HepoH(.unec n ercno:nqm na HAM-Co$ur).
Otqe e naualoro Ha II B. cn. Xp., uelo-cpeAcTBeHo cneA c63AaBaHeTo Ha KoJIoHI4tTa
Ylnul Eclcyc, ca r43rpaAeHa BrrerrarrrBa llrapxr4rerTypHr{ ancaM6nrr. .{lrec nua pe4rlqacBeAeHu.s 3a r-sx or 6e:6pofinrme apxure-rrypnu geraii:ru or xpaMoBere na Karrrrro-nuiicKara rpr.iaAa (O6p. 4), rpaN.qaucxara 6a-
3I4Jrr'rKa r'{ xpaMa Ha (Dopryna (O6p- 5). Tona
ca safi -roleruure apxrrTeKTypHrr Kor{rrJreKcE
or AonHoIyHaBcKr.rr Jrr.rMec (tr4nauon, tr4ea-
non 1998; tr4eanoe 2005). Te onpege;reno ca
6u:ra gexopupanlr or MecrHHTe KaMeHoAeJr-
cKI{ aTeII.{eTaJ KO}ITO AOCTLI|aT BI4COKO HUBO
Ha pa3BHrr.{e npe3 neprloAa oT Har{anoTo Ha IIBeK Ao KT,M cpe4ara na III BeK cn. Xp.
I4urepeceu e Sar<r:rr, qe upe3 III e. nacaN{r4Te KaMeHHr{ Tepacu, BT,p\y rcouro SyHr-qI4OHI-ipaT KaMeHOJIOMHIITe, B:[,3I{IlKBa CKaJIHO
cBerr.rlrulle Ha 6or Murpa. Z:eecrno e gopur.rMeTo Ha ceill4rueTo Ha KaMeHo.qenuBTe, Ko-
aro ca pa6orulu B Te3II orpoMHr.r 3a BpeMerocli Kapxepli. Auraqnoro r.rMe Ha roBa cemlee Muoro3HaquTe:ruo - Lapidarium. IIpoS. E.lepon orxpraea r.r pa3qr.ira Ha,4rrr{cu c r.rMe-
TO My BBpXy HTKOJIKO KaMeHHI{ flaMeTrILIKa(Gerov 1989). Jloxaln:aqr.ixra Ha aHTrzrrHas
Jlarragapuyu e r.rMeHHo oxoJro AHelrrHoro c.
Kpera.He no-ua:rxo r.rHTepecHli ca $arrure u
3a,4pyru.s KaMeHoAeJIcKI4 IIeHTT,p 3axpaHBanc KaMeHeH Marepuan pr.rMcxara rolonu.g Y:t-nur Ecryc, To3r.T npr.r c. Kynuno. Tau csrqoe I43BeCTHO I4MeTO Ha aHTLIqHIi.{ BItKyC, C:b-
LuecrByBaJI rplfi raveuo,rovuHre - vicusTrullensium, T. e. ,,ceJro na rpyleu:are". floerarpacpcxure naMerHrrqu pa:rpuru or 14e.
Be:rxoe npu pa3xorrKr4Te craBa .,rcHo, qe roBae 6r.t:ro celurqe:ro Ha KaMeHoaeJIIIr,ire or II -III s. cr. Xp. Orrparz ca peAr4rla HeAoBT,p-
IITeHII It I43OCTaBeHI,I Ha MrCTO apXUTeKTypHIIgeraii:ru - goplrficxH (ariroeu r.r nolonuu)Karrrrerrr{ (Berxon 1958, 5 5 7-566).
JleruosuNqr narep Ha I tr4raruficxu re-rHorr s Hoge e 3afloqHrJ,l la npon rlrpa uaii-
O6p. 4. Apxumpae om xpaua ua lonumep (om rcounnexca ua Kanumonuiicxama mpuada),uaua.tomo ua II s. cn. Xp.
Ofu4 nozted et'pry paseumuemo ua wLueuodenc ao to u Kc+ieHodo6uea e l-opua u J]oitua Mu3Lt, ...
O6p. 5. @pus-apxumpac om xpaMa Ha @opmyHa s Ytntn Ecrg,c, 191-192 z. u. Xp. luprflHdHayKpaca, cbqemaHa c 6u\u ?naau (6yxerl,atuu) u pasuoo6pasuu u3o1paJteHufl 6 norunamo.
303
pa3Hoo6pa3HH KaMeHr{u naMeTHr.rqr.l ollle B
Kptu{ Ha I seK. Toea ca He caMo HaAfpo6Hr.rnjroqfi. Ho H pen. ua apxHTer(rypH .qerafinHoT 6onHurlaTa Ha JreruoHa - BaneTyArrHapr{-yNra. To3rr KoMlJreKc e 6fin r43rpaAeH u3qrnoB rocKaHcKrr opAep (o6p. 6), cnopeg ocuon-HXTe IIpAHrIUI]U Ha !,pr.rMCKaTa BOeHHa apxr{-reK rypa". Korro c oco6cHo Ao6pe x3pa3eHa B
peAr.iqa [puMepri or cpeAHuq u AonHr.I' ,4y-HaB. B caMr{f,r Hoee u peruoua My ca SyHK-I_II4OHI.Ipanl{ HSKOIKO KaMeHOIeJICKIi aTeJII{e-
Ta. To3r.r rlarr e ea:rrgeu 3a qenssr leprroAor I Ao III B. cn. Xp. (Biernacki, Skoczylas2002, 203-210; Biernacki, Skoczylas 2003,r9'7-204).
flono6uo Ha cr{Tyarlr4-{ra n Pariuaplu,Ecxyc rz Hoee r.i s ,{ypocropylr, [ocneAHr4.sr
JrerrroueH narep no 6l:rrapcrux 6prr ua [y-HaB! e r-rMaJro go6pe pa:nuru KaMeHoAeJrcKH
areJlrera. Or ro:u qeHTT,p Ha AonHoayrraB-cKHt JruMec ca a3BecrHr.r HtxoJIKo capKo{ba-
ra, Hagrpo6Hu nJror{ri r{ peArrua apxr.ireKTyp-
urz 4eraillu.t. Pa:sI.ITrzero Ha KaMeHoAencrBo-
ro e,{ypocropyM e ocr,rqecrBeHo ocHoBHo
npe3 II n III e. c:r. Xp. (Bemon 1988, 25-32).Hafi-lrgsecrHllre rraMerHrrla, npoAyKTH Ha
Te3u KaMeHoAeJrcxz pa6oru:ruuql4 ca HtKoJI-
KO CTaryU OT Kparr Ha II - Uaqa:roro Ha III s.
cl. Xp. (CenepoBa erroxal cbxparrrBar ce BHAM-Co<!ur) u ror.f,M xoMnJre(c or apxfi-TeKTypHr{ 4erafinu. Cu:tro pa:er.rrue rzLra ra-MeHOAO6IIBa B peflloHa Ha JIefHOHHT4S narep.
,,{nec ca ycrauoBeHr4 floBerle or 10 vec:ra :aao6HgaHe Ha KaqecrBeH relp,a 6r,r H )KbJlre-
HzraBo-6qr BapoBri( (apxurexrypHure ae-Taftnr4 or naflfiAapr{yMa Ha AM-Cu:rucrpa ca
r.r3rrsJrHeHr{ rrMeHHo oT To3H Trlrr BapoBI{K).
Te ce ualrrpa:r flIaBHo B AHerIIEara pyM6H-
cKa repr4ropri.s Ha CeBepHa ,{o6pyaxa u ca
pa3rronox{eHH oKono e3eporo frpruqa (By-
4rx - Budeac (pyu.)), xoero e Ha rororr3roKor narepa na XI Klaegueo neruou (tr4BaHoB
2006, 127-128).Ceplro:na r.rH$opMaqnr 3a KaMeHoAeJr-
crBoro npe3 pr-iMcKara erroxa rrr{a :a paiouana Mapuuauorol (Arrreron 1999, c rrrma
304 3dpasKo ,\uMumpoa
O6p. 6. Tocxaucxu Kanumet om ctnemydutnpuyNa ua Hoee, rcpaa ua I Ha\cuomo ua II eex.
6n6:raorparlr.u rro BT,npocure, cBbp3anlr c
Nrapqr.raHorroncxure Kapriepri). Haii-ronnrraraxapuepa:a go6laB Ha BapoBr{K e noKalr{3rrpaHa
ceBepHo or c. MauacT np, llpoea4riicxo. Orqe
K. LlJxopnur cr,o6rqana, ve xaptrepara B Mecr-nocrra ,ifere:rep6" Ha reBu-s 6prr na Caxan-
.qepe e or pnMcro npeue. ,{pyru Aocra 3Haqrr-
Mu KaMeHoJroNIHr,I r.IMa B l{ecrHocrra ,,Kaiipa-qure", csnceu 6ru:o go gn. leeH.x (Lllrcoprrnn
1905, 154). I4nreHso or re3r.r Kapr.replr ca ce
cna6g.xsa.ru KaKro ue;rurr MapquaHorrorr, raxau xpaii6pexnr.ix rpa'l1 OAecoc (O6p. 7).
3a pasenruero Ha KaMeuoAencrBoro B
Mapuuanouol roBoprr H 3arra3eHaTe apxu-reKrypHr.i lerafilu. Te ca npeglauuo or II n.
cn. Xp. fontMa qacr or rsx ca or )rorrurrlHr{crpaAr{ - gopniicxu, fionaiicru, KoprrHrcxr.r
xarrurern (O6p. 8).
Ap) r eluH rpa'acKl uerrbp. xpaft roiiroce cb3aaBar rolreMr{ B63Moxnocru :a ao6uerra KaMT,K e Huxono:rnc ag Zcrpyu. Toii no-
Ao6uo sa Map{uaHono:r e 3axpauBa;r c Ka-
MeHeH MaTeplan qsn eaI{H csceAeH peruo[,To3u Ha .[errzonH]l.{ :rarep Hoee. Ocneu so-eHHI{rI r rIeHTbp, Kapr4epxre rpaii Fluronoll.rcag I4crpyu ca crrzMynr4panli MHoro cri:rHo 14
pa3BIITLIeTO IIa Blllllrr{Te KOMIIJIeKCH B pefu-oHa. Katnerrrrrlre Mareprranu or roJreMLI{ Br{-
JreH KoMrrreKc xpait flaelureal.r cr,Irlo ca orHHKorroJrcKrrre xapuepu. Orqe napoelixonu;leraiilu lrua or r:ulara rpaii c. Bala 9eprna(saN: !ulrurpoe 2007. Aerri,irr{rc ca IHecB Jrarr.rAapayMa ua Ptr4M-Benrzxo Tr,puoeo),or KynroBr.r.rr o6err xpaii c. Jleouepu, ruap..,Jlecavepcru crr,r6" (Ilr,pon 1996, I 1 1- 1 1 8)Ir oT Apyfl4 Kor{rrJrer(cfi B pefHoHa.
Kapuepr.rre ua Hlrxolonrac aA tr4crpyM ca
4o6realu etrconoKarrecrBeH, TBT,pA! AonoMr.r-ru3apau BapoBr.r(J Koiiro c 6Hn $opvr.rpau nperuoHa rpe3 ropcKara enoxa. Te ca orxpr4-Tn H qacTr4rlHo npoyqeHtl Me){ay AIIeIxHr4TeBeJII4(or;plIoBcKu cela Xotxuqa H Cavoeo-geue (tr4eauon, tr4naHon 1994). Oupe4eneno e
c6ulecTByBaHeTO OT BTOpaTa qeTBEpT Ha BTO-
O6q noz,aed e'apry paseumuemo ua rrutenodeionsomo u KaMeuodo6uea e lopua u,[otrua Munn ... 305
O6p. 7. Mapquano-noncKume Kapuepu
6 "ecmHocmma"Ra paqume",
pezuoHa Ha ,qesHn.
O6p. 8. RopuumcKu Kanumen om MapryuaHonol, emopama noroluHa Ha II e. cr. Xp.
Beponmuo npousxoJtda om caemuJruule Ha HuMfume, po3nonoweHo Kpa ccll,rume
d eeueucxu twuu ep anHu u3sopu.
306 3dpaexo lltruwnpoa
pn Ber( Ha noHe IBe KaN{eHoJroMHu. Eguara e
B MeCTHOCTTa ,,KOpirUqa", a Apyfara B Mecr-Hocrra ,,Morlrnure". Tpera KapHepa cHa6-
arBana HuKouonllc all tr4crpyM 14 peraoHaMy e noKanrr3rrpaHa Kpafi cenmreno, 6mE:o
.qo Ar-reur{oro c. KaMeFrerI (tr4nanon, I4nauoe
1994; llerpona 1996, 50-51).Or repuroparra lT peruoHa r{a Hr4Ko[o-
rrac ag tr4crpyu ca oTKpr4TH peAr{qa BrreqaT-
nrBau{r4 Haafpo6Hu naN4erH[qu r.{ apxr]re-KTypHr'r Aerafinlr (ecr.ivxrz nagrpo6nu nauer-Hrrqr.{ ca cr,6panu v anaJfir3vpa*tr y: Conrad2004). Muoro xapaKrepnri rrporr:BeAe]II4t Ha
KaMeHoAeJrcrBoro s Huxonorrlc a4 I{crpyuca .EBroBr{AHr.rre rfpr:-apxurpaenv 6:roxoseor vae:orefiHn Ko\,rrrreKCH rpaii calmr rpal(o6p. e).
Kaueno4e.ncnure areJrI,Iera Ha repr{To-purra na Haxonorzc a4 tr lcrpyu ca 6I.IIH Hlt-
ro:rxo. To:ru gaHa,ar e 6rl:r cpeg naii-cepuo:uopa3Burt{Te B fpaAa. 3a toea cnragereJrcrBar r{
enrrpa$cxu naMerHurlr{, crroMe}raBarrlrr Ka-
NreHoAenru or Mana Asus (HunoMeaririufi),
Kouro ca ce 3acenl{nu n Fluxonoluc ar tr{c-
rpyM rpe3 II n. c:i. Xp. (Perkins 1 980, 23-69,epigraphic evidences).
Oqe n arnlruuocrra e uMano crporo pa3-
AeneHr4e n geiltrocrme Ha KaMeHoAeJIIlr.{Te,
xouro ca pa6orr.uTrr B Kapr{epr'rre. Te ca 6uluocHoBHo ABa Bzna: lapidarii - 3aHuMaBa Ilice c orqelrBaHero Ha KaMeHHHTe 6,qorcoee fi
noatoroBKara lrv ta c f poex. u marmorarii -orroBapsnLl sa gooQoplalnero Ha KaMerrHr{-
re 6roKoBe Ha Mrcro (Dworakowska 1983,109-112; Perkins 1980, 23-69). Or Bropure3aBr{ceJro aaJII4 Te3rr 6roxoge rqe 66,qar u3-ItoJI3BaFrrr :a capxoQa:u, iragrpo6nu n:rovu,apxl{TeKTypHr.r Aeraiilv nr{ qe orr44aT 3a
o6rlI<Hoeen crpoxreneH Marepr4an (xnagpulr-rru ry$enr.r).
Opranu:upanero Ha KaMeHoJroMHare
nrjpBonaqanHo e 6nro :agr,nxeHue Ha pr{M-
cKa.Ta apMuq. HacraHennre n lopua u ,{onnaMugrl.s rerHosra (Paquapnx, Ecnyc, Hoee u
{ypocropyr,r) ca r.rMaJrn 3a 3a,qaqa Aa opta-H143I4par r.r Aa pa3pa6orear ntpnure KaMeHHu
Kapr{epu. Tara e 4o BpeMero Ha yrrpaBlreuueHa AprHacrurra na @:raeufire (lo npo6neuaeux nogpo6Ho: lepoe 1949, 4-91, c qlrrupa-Ha ubJrHa :rureparypa). B 6r,:rrapcrr.rre seuuTO3I.{ rrpoqec e [o-npoaT,nxuTejrerr r.r eABa
npfi ytrpaBner{uero Ha TpasH u Xanprian Te3r.r
O6p. 9. @pus-apxumpae om uadzpo6eu apxumercmouuuuo oQopueu xountexc (uaasoneii)
om pezuoua ua Huxononuc ad l4cmpyu.
O6t4 noercd ot pxy pa3clun etno d Kat4eBadetcneomo u xaneuado6uaa e fopua u lto;tHa l\lcus ... 301
,lBOeHHH KapXepHJ', 3alrOrIBaT Ia tlpeMHHaBaT
B qacTHr.r p6rle HnLI cTaBaT o6quHcKa co6-CTBeHOC! T.e. 3aIIOTIBaT Ia Ce KOHTpOnI4paT
oT fpaAcKr4re yrrpaBr.r. TpeTurT Br.rA KaMeHo-
noMHfi ca 6unu HMnepaTopcKriTe. Te ca 6ulnynpaBJUrBaHx oT rrMlepaTopcKr{ rrpaTeHxrlu,T.e. no np]lHqr.tna Ha BnaaeeHeTo Ha aoMefiIl-re (oruoBo y: fepoB 1953,307-399).
B [onna Musu.r r]oBeqero KaMeHoJIoMHIi
ca 6wnu cTorraHr{cBaHu or rpaAcKtiTe yrTpa-
Br4. TaKr.rBa ca clyqaaTe B petltoHr.rTe Ha Hu-KOrroJrr{c aA I4crpyM u Maprlr4aHonon.
Xpono;roruvuoro pa3Burrle Ha KaMeHo-
IencTBoTO B fopHa r4 lo:rua MN:z-x e 3arrorl-HaJro orle B I B. cn. Xp. llrpeure MareprranuI{ naMeTHlrqfi, oTHacflqu ce Ao To3u 3aHa.flT
ca cBbp3aHri c.4BaTa Haii-paHr{Ii Boe}rHl{ JIa-
repa Paquapu.{ fi EcKyc. Ilpe4no:rara ce, ue3anbpHanr.rr ce lpe: 7l r cl. Xp. BT,B BoeH-HUr CU Jrafep v Maxeloscxu JrerrloH 3arroq-na ga pa:pa6orBa KaNreHHtrre 3anexu Kpai;i
c. Kpera. B ro:u lepuog (71 r) e garupanan nBpBaTa KaMeHHa KpenocTHaTa cTeHa r{aEcxyc. C:reg Bt3HHKBaHero Ha rpaAoBere Ha
ceBep or Xenayc - KoJroHr.{rrre Y:rna.r Ecxyc,Y,rnur Paunapar. KaKTo r Vapuaauono,r H
Hurononlrc aI tr4crpyM ce norB{Bar r.r Apy-rure lr:6poeul.i Ilo-rope qeirrpone :a 4o6ueHa KaM6K u HoBr.I KaMeHole:icxu pa6orul-nuqr.r. vc:roeao fpaHr.rqaTa 3a rrorrBaTa H Ha-rla:roro rra rfynrquoul.rpaHero uM e nbpBaravernr,pr ua II n. cl. Xp. Onpe4ereuo c omegII Ha MHOIOO6pa3LIeTO rI MHO|OqIICJIeHOCTTa
Ha KaMeHHr.rTe rlaMerHrrrlr.r (ua4rpo6nu, ap-xr.{TeK'rypHr4 r.i gp.) nr,pxr,r B pa3Brrrr.rero Ha
KaMeHoAencrBoTo B fopHa fi lonHa Mr{3u.{ e
B KptuI Ha a[TOrI4rrOBaTa r{ npe3 rlqnaTa ceBe-poBa enoxa: BTopara nonoBuua na II - nrp-Bara rpel{Ha Ha III B. cn. Xp. C,reg cpegaraHa III B. cn. Xp. ce na6,rrogaea pr36K cnaAB nponyKTIIBI{OCTTa Ha KaMeHOIOMHIITe I{KaMeHolencKrrre areJlllera n lopna H AonHaMusux. Tgxnoro Bb3craHoBtBaHe MoxeM AartpcfiM eABa KbM Kpair Ha III B. u cneA pe-
@opur.rre Ha KoHcraHTuH Benurol.B :ax,rro.renue Moxe Aa ce ot6e.nexz,
qe Ha 6a3ara Ha roneMr4s 6pori HaArpo6Hti Ka-
MeHHI{ rraMeTI{L{qU, qenu }raa3eMHu KoM[J]e-
Kcrr (NraB3oner{ u xepooHr.r) u Haii-Berre flopa,qri
KaMer r rrHTe apxHTeKryprr H aeraii,lrj Ka,veHo-
AeJTCTBOTO B IBeTe pr.rMoKpr AOnHOAyIIaBCKI-I
npoBr.rHqurr lopHa Mu:r.ra u ,{onHa MasE{ e
6ulo pasnrlro na rr3KJrroqlrreJrHo Br{coro Hr4Bo.
Onpegereno roea e 6ura e4na qenenacoqeua,
lporpaMr4paHa AefiHoc! nonTpoJrrrpaHa orTIbpBhre rer oHr B ro3rj pefr4oH u HeiiHoroHaqajro e orqe B:hB BpeMeTo Ha HacTaHtBaHe-
To Ha BoeHHr.rre eAuHuqrr e rarepure ua Pa-
rluapus u Ecryc - calroro Haqano Ha I B. BcerraK cI{JrI-toTo pa3BHTue Ha KaMeHoAeJrcKItTe
aTeJrueTa 14 IxupoKoTo eKcnjroaTl.{paHe Ha Ka-
MeHHr{Te 3aJIexIr Ha NII43IIi1CKLITe 3eMr.I Mo)r{e
Aa ce fiocraBu cnel 70 r., Koraro ce narr.rpar rr
[T,pBr.{Te H3rlqno KaMeHHu fpage)a{ ot Y]rnras
Ecryc, Hoee u gopu CercarurHra llpucra.Ha 6a:ara Ha orpoMHur 6pofi apxure-
rrypnu gerafirlr (oco6eHo B pa3Brrrrzre ricrporo [nzuupaHr{ Jrarep}r [o pera AyHaB)MOXe Ia Ce TBT,p,4H! r{e Kapr.rep}i e r4Majro }r
BT,B Bce orqe HefipoyqeHa perr{oHrr. Cr,c clr-rypHocr KaMeHrrr{ Marepr.ianlr ca 6urli go6u-BaHLI fio rerleHrrero Ha pera PycencxN J1olr,T6fi Karo B narepure Cexcarr.rrrra llprlcra(gH. Pyce) u Tpuuauuyu (an. ao c. Meuxa)ca HaJrrrrle MHoxecTBo KaMeHHE apxllTel(ryp-nu geraii:ru, [pI.I ToBa Il.rrKor-r or rrx or r]r-IIHr{HHJ{ 3a ISpBUqHOTO CTpOUTeJTCTBO Ha BO-
eHHHTe narepu no lo.rteH ,{yuan rocxaucxnop.qep, AarlrpaqH orqe or Kpajr r{a I n. cr. Xp.(,{uuurpon 2006, 192-192,207-209; O6p. 3,
4, 7 , 29, 30; e ra:a crarr.rr Br.rx: O6p. 10).
Marepr.ra:rnre rr or ABara narepa ca elHopo-
AeH r\{eK, Iocra JIeceH sa o6pa6orxa eapo-BI4K C X:bJITeHI{KaB IIBqT I4 MHOrO nOpt{O3Ha
crpyxrypar. He cauo Aerarinure or Pyce r.r
c. Meq(a, Ho rr peAr4rla npriMepr{ or Aypoc-
L ApxnrerTyprure geraiinu or Cexcaursraflprcra n Tpnuanuyv ca Haii-HoBure orKplrrnr orTo3r.r rr.rI apxrdrexrypnri rraMerHurlrr no 6s,'rrapucun6prr na p. AyHaB. Te ca B rrpoqec na o6napo4ea-He oT aBTOpa Ha cTaTI,ItTa B paMKI{Te Ha CBBMeCTeH
[poeKT 3a re:ll o6errn c KoJrerr{re or Ptr4M-PyceBrp6rn Br,p6auos n .{ern lparoee
308 3dpacrc luuumpoc
O6p. 10. TocxaucKa 6asa om eoeHHut ra?ep Cerccazuuma llpucma, cedanur4e Ha phvcKamadyuaecrca (noma ol4e om noc:redHamq mpemuHa Hd I B. - MectneH tuynnecm u .t4et aapoeuK
c Jlcb.xmeHuKaq uaflm.
TOpyM noKa3Birr, qe IIo IoIHol\yHaBcKHq6plr rpx6na Aa ce rr,pcsr orqe Helr3BecrHu
KaMeHo.[oMHr{. flogo6no e IroJIoXeHHeTo u cpefrroHa Ha A6pr4Tyc, KGAeTo fiMa 3Har{urer-HO KOTfiqeCTBO KaMeHHr{ [aMeTHIqr.l OT ]I B.,
HO Kap[epr.rTe Bce ou]e He ca rr3cjreABaHl{.
Haii-rorq'ruo e re Aa ce fi,pc-{T no reqeHr.re-
ro Ha peKa Ee:rz Jlou. B Tr,pronu[rxnr xpafin l[lyMeHcKo cr,ulo ca Hanuqe peArzqa ap-xr4TeKrypH]i AeTafina: Te3r.r oT Brrla Magapa(,{pelr.rcaeoea 1984, 14-126). rraMerHr.irtrlre
or MaB3ones Kpari c. IIro6neH, Tlproeuuro(Oeuapon 1979, 33-46). Te noxaenal ue u nTo3I{ perr4oH 6u rpr6na:ro Aa uMa KaMeHo-
noMHI{ OT pIIMC(aTa eloxa.,{oc'ra nH-repecHa e cba6ara Ha rollflNra
qacT oT paHHopr4Mc(r.rTe apxr.rreKTypHr4 IIa-Merltl Iu B no-KT,cHrrre enoxH. loneMureapxureKTypHr{ KoMrrJrer(clr or Map{uano-I]on, AaTl.ipaqu oT II B., ca u3[oj]3BaJrrr KaK-
TO r.rMnopTHr4 MaTeplranr4! TaKa r.r MecTHLrTe
MapquaHononcxu BapoBr4qlr. E4Ha rolxuaqacr or arrrqecro-iioHr.riicKrire 6aslr or aH-
Torrr'rHoBara erroxa ca 6trnlr lpeynorpe6ennB paHHoBri3aHrriricxure qlpr<eu (v-vl n.) naro:a nafi-roirqra rpaAcKrz qeHTBp Ha lonHaMuslu. Tosa o6a.re He e KpaJIT r{a rqxHara.upaMarurrHa rzcropru. {uec, nr.re orKprzBaMenag 30 apxlrrenrypnu gerafi:ra or Mapqu-aHoron - arliqecKr4 6astt, r<o:roHl.t, goprzii-CKLI KarraTeIH r{ Ap. - KaTo rrper{3noJBBalrsB fpanrllo3Hxre crpoexa na 6r,lrapcnureBJIaAereJru or IX n. floee.{ero or 6a:ure sror.rrMara 6asurr.rxa na llrucxa, e Kp:smaraIIBpKBa 868 Be:ruxra Ilpeclan r nro6ule xa-MeHHr4 apXr.ITeKTypHLI naMeTHr.iqu oT Jrarrl,I-
IapuyMrrre r{a.&Bere crapo6urapcKrr croJIH-qu ca c nbpBoHar{aneH [pori3xoA or priMcKr.rs
Mapquanono:r r.r Aarupar or II-III n. (uxrouca rI or IV-VI r.), r.e. re ca nep$exrnure,gr,rrorpafinz" npo4yKrrr Ha pr.rMcKoro Ka-
MeHOIeJICKO lr3KyCTBO.
O6t4 noened etpry pa36umueno Ha Ka eHadelcmaomo u Keuettado6uea e fopua u/{o,tua Musun... 309
Ero llarqo reNrara 3a ,,xaMeuoAencrBo-To" u ,,KaMeHoAo6uBa" B paMKure Ha IIpo-BHHqur.rTe lorua Mra:u-r H fopHa Mr.r:l.u (snpeAenllTe Ha AHeIxHa ET,nrapli{) e Bce raKaaKryanHa Ii npo6neMuTe B Ta3rI HacoKa Te-
Ir:bpBa Tpr6Ba Aa ce pa3rnexnar. Pa:rpnea-HeTO Ha KaplrepuTe B no-TpyIHo Aoc'fTrrrHr.rTer{ Her'{3cJreABaHr{ pefrroHrr e npeaMeT cGlrlo
Ha 6T,Ierqu npoyrrBaHHr (no reuenlraTa uapeKr4re Eenri n PyceHcKu JIou, n TtpronNur-Kr4r H lLIyNreHcKnr Kpail). Hape4 c re3rr pE-opltrerll Ha lrayxara e neo6xo4ltvo lr orqeno-noApo6Ho aHaJllr3ripaHe, u3cnelBaHe uBK.[IoqBaHe B Hayquo o6p:huleur4e Ha Bcr{ar-
KI{ KaMeHHU rraMeTr{Hqu OT Tepl-iTopr.rrrTa Ha
Ceeepna Br,rrapur, oco6eno na apxr4reKTyp-
nure tr uagrpo6urrre Aerailntr. B paurure ua
IIoc.rreAHoTo cnequanE3rrpaHo v3cJreABaHe
or ro3r.r poA 6qxa sKlo'{eHrr eABa oKono 500raMeTHr{Ka oT apxr{TeKToHHtTHLITe yKpacE
Ha [poBr{r Iu{ ,{o:Ira Musar (.{raunrpon2007), aoxaro caMo B HoBe apxr{re(TypHllregeraiiru ca Haa 1000 (pauHopuucxu, xrcHo-pr.rMcKH r.r pannonuranruiicKu rlaMerHuqu).3a qx:rara nponnHlluf Kor qecrBoro e Hauc-
Tr4Ha OrpoMHO rr Jrr{rcaTa Ha n6pBuqHa, quc-
TO KaTaJTOXHa unsOpMaqur, flo,qHeceHa Ha
KopnycHr.rs lrpuHrlr.rn Ha u3creABaHl{.f,Ta HLI
BT,3npelsrcrBa B pa3tnexAaHeTo Ha raKr4Ba
TeMLI OT O6tq XapaKTep KaBr.rro ca ,,KaMeHo-gelcreoro" r.r,,ralrenogo6r.rea", oco6enoc:r,qecrBelrr4 3a pa36r4paHeTo ua nep{exrnopa3Br4Tara H noApeAeHa cI.IcTeMa Ha pI{N{cKa-
ra npoBr4HrluanHa crpyK'I)pa.
I{urr.rpana,'rrrreparypa
Aranacona, IepacIrMoBa l9':.8: i4. Aranacoea, B. fepaculrona. Hosu raruHcxu HaAnr{cu
or Paqnapur. - tr4ssecrux Ha 6T,nrapcKoro r4cropuqecKo ApyxecrBo, 32, 1978,21-32.Anre,roe 1999: As. Anrenon. Mapuualrono:r. tr4cropux H apxeonouu. Bapua, 1999.Berftoe 1934: I,le. BenKos. Cneru:lnqero Ha 6016 Murpa npn c. Kpera. - tr4gnecruq Ha
apxeonor qecxrrr HHcruryr, VIII, I934, 82-91.Be,rros 1958: I4e. Berxoe. Vicus Trullensium - B: I4sc.[eAeaHH.s B rrecr Ha aKaA. ,4. Ie-
vea, nocnyuaii 80-ro4r.iulrnuara rty. Co$l.rr, 1958, 557-566.Be,rxon 1988: B. Be:rxon. Anraquuxr lypoctopyM. -B:.{ypocropyM-Aplcrr,p-Cvnr4crpa.
C6opuux c r.r3cneABaHr.Tr ua tr4M-Cu:rucrpa. Cr4n[crpa, 1988" 25-32.Iepon 1949: B. fepon. Ponra-nu:rtr,r uex4y lynaea n Ea;rrana, I: Or Anrycr go Xagpnan.
- fcy r4oo, xLv, (1948/19),4,1949,4-91.lepon 1953: E. lepoe. Po,vasu:tutr MexAy AyHaBa r.r Ba:rxaua, II: Or Xa,upr.ran.qo
Koscranrnn Be.:rr.rr<u. - fCy O@, XLVII (1951/52), i953, 17-105; XLVIII (1952/53), 1953,30'7-399.
feron 1978: JI- feron. 3a snoca Ha capKot|a3n B OAecoc [pe3 pr.rMcr(ara eloxa. - Apxeo-rorux, 1978, 2,13-20.
.{u*nnpon 1942: !.,{llunrpoe. Haarpo6nure rrJror{u or puMcKo BpeMe B CeBepHa Ebn-rapru. Co$nr, 1942.
lnrnnpon 2005: 3. flunlurpoe. ,{eroparunHu eJreMeHrH B rpo6nara apxurexrypa na An-xr4ano ripe3 pr'rMcKara erroxa. - B: Heros Hephaistos. Studia in honorem Liubae Ognenova-Marinova. Beruxo Tr,pHono, 2005, 408-423.
,{urrurpoe 2006: 3. ,{lrvlrrpon. Apxnrexrypnn 4erafi.nr.r or plrvcrara enoxa B Cexcarrzn-ra flpucra. - I4:secrqs Ha Ptr4M-Pyce, X, 2006, 192-222.
,{rrrrnrpoe 2007: 3. flrluarpoe. Apxurerrypira AeKopaqur B npoBriHrtqs lolna Mu:lu(l - III e . c:r. Xp.). Co$ur, 2007.
.{unnrpoe 2001a2 3.,{lr,r.turpon. Arporeprzil or OoHAa Ha HAI4M-BAH. - loglrlrHlm naEarluoHanHr4rr apxeo Jrorrrqe cKr{ uy:eii, XI, 20 07, 21 I -23 4.
310 3dpuexo ,\truurnpoe
[pelrcu:oea 1984: I{n. ,{peucu:ona. Bu:rara xpail ceno MaAapa, LlJyveucxlE oKpr,r (pa3-KorrKrr rr npoyriBanll.{j XI). Co$ux, 1984,74-126.
tr{eaHos 2002: M. tr4sanos. I4uloprnlr caplto$a3n or Br,lrapu.t II III n. flpousnogcrne-HIl rIeHTpOBe, XpOHOnOfUt Ir n6Tr4lIIa Ha pa3npocrpaHeHr{e. - l-ogumlux Ha apxeojlorr{qecK}IlIllHcrnryr c Myseii, II, 2002,262-273.
I4sauon 2005: T tr4eaHos. Y:rnul Ecxyc. Paucru, KEcHopr{McKr4 rr panHoBr.r3aHrr.ific(firpaa, II. lpaxgancxa 6a:unrzxa u xparr na Oopryua. CoSrr, 2005.
tr4saHon 2006: P tr4eaHoe. Bcerz4neerulr xtiRor. - B: (P. tr4nauon, f. Arariacoe, fI. lJo-nencru). Auru.rHr.rqr lypocropyrl (- Acropus na Cu.:rucrpa, 1). Cunucrpa - CoQrx, 2006,125- 141.
I{BaHoB, I{eaHoe 1994: T. I4BaHoB, P Zeanos. Huxonolnc a4 I4crpyv, I. Corlnx, 1994.I{nanos, tr4eaHos 1998: T. I4ranon, P l4nauos. vnrrr Ecryc. Puucxrl u pannonn:anrrari,
cKrr rpaA, L CoSux, 1998.
Ka6axq[eea 2000: f. Ka6ax']fieea. Oescus. Castra Oescensia. PanHopuucrr.r BoeHeH na-rcp nprr ycrr.rero ira trIcr:sp. Co$ur, 2000.
Onvapon 1979: [. Oe'rapoe. Tparuicxa nagrpo6na lrorrala u cneru:rlrnqe or III n. na s. e.npu c. Jlro6ren, Tr,proruurxl.t orplr. - Apxeolorun, 1979,3,33-46.
flerpoea 1996: Cs. llerpoea. PnMo-rioHraficxn Karrr.rreJrr4 or Musuq H Tparux (I - IV n.).Cocpu.r, 1996.
(DnJoe 1910: E. (Du:ron. I4s6panu rraN{erHuuri na Anruqnoro r43KycrBo nr Er,nrappra. -tr4:necrr{.{ na 6:smapcroro apxeonorrrqecro ApyxecrBo, I, 1910, 1-22.
I{rpor 1996: I4e. I{r,poe. ,{nr<uluranr * Cr:ln6o - Mapxoe KaMTjK - Jlecrpeucru cm:r6.EguH xepooH'? - B: IO6u-neeu c6opnaK .,30 rogaun BenrrxorbpHoBcKrr KJroH Ha cbro3a Ha yrre-uure e Er,nraplu", xn. 1. Beluxo Tr,pnono, 1996, 111-118.
lllxopuu,r 1905: K. lfkopnu:r. A6o6a-lllzcxa (- l{:eecrlrx Ha pycKr4s apxeonorr4rrecKr.rLrlrcrrrryT B Koncranruuofiol, X). Koncran'uinono:r, 1 905.
Biernacki, Skoczylas 2002: A. Biernacki, J. Skoczylas. The classification ofRock Materialin Juxtaposition with the Typology of the Inscribed Pedestals in Novae. - In: The Roman andLate Roman City. The Intemational Conference (Veliko Tumovo, 26-30 July 2000). Sofia,2002,203-210.
Biernacki, Skoczylas 2003: A. Biernacki, J. Skoczylas. The Classification ofRock Materialin Juxtaposition with the Typology of Capitals in Novae. - Novaensi a, 14, 2003 , 197 -204.
Conrad 2004: S. Conrad. Die Grabstelen aus Moesia Inferior. Leipztg, 2004.Dworakowska 1983: A. Dworakowska. Quarries in Roman Provinces (: Bibliotheca an-
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Gerov 1989: B. Gerov. Inscriptiones latinae in Bulgaria reperlae. (Inscriptiones inter Oes-cum et Iatrum repertae). Serdicae, MCMLXXXiX.
Mercklin 1962: E. Mercklin. Antike Figuralkapitelle. Berlin, I 962.Perkins 1980: J. B. W Perkins. Nicomedia and the marble trade. Papers of the Birtish
School at Rome, XLV , 1980, 23-69.
ABA PI4MCKI{ EPOH3OBI4 MEAAIbOHAoT @OHAA HA HI,IM - CO(DUr{
Bnadauup IIeu,aee
flpe4u nxrolro ro.quHrr, B HyMu3Marr.rq-nl.r.l $oHg ua HaqnoHarrnuq r4cropaqecKfiuy:eii - Co$wr, nocrr,rulxa ABa r.rurepecuupunrcxlr 6pou:toBr4 MeAairboHa. Te ca 6arrrl3zuroBeHn or cJlyxrrrenrr na ltarnaqa "Ka-ro.ruua", rprz r<oHlpa6aH4en rlsHoc or B6r-raprr. 3a N{ecro}raMupaHe'ro HM e r{3BecrHo
caNro roBa. qe flporr3xo)KAar H.txtge or IOro-r.r:rorHa Tparur, 6e: ga ce :uae 4 atu ca6uttuHtuVepeHr.I 3aeAHO rJIH He.
l1o-pauuu.rr or ABara Mega,\boHa e lrauMneparop Ceeep Alercaugry (222135) ue orceqeH e rpaxr.rficxr.rx rpa,4 llepuHr (My-nrMoe 1912, 262, Nt 4640). Br,pry nuqeea-ra My crpaHa rrMa rraArruc (ra6:ruqa I, 1) u e
npeAcraBeHo 6rccroeo rz:o6paxeuue ua uu-rreparopa, rono6paA, c laepoe eeneq, c 6pou-rtr HaMeraJro, Ha,u.ficHo. Ha4nractr nrpxy o6-parHara crpaua r:raca (ra6luqa I, 2). IlpeA-craBeH e uMneparopr,T, BbB BoeHHo o6:rexno. c KBca Boi.irrauKa ryHnrca.6poH-n 14 pa3Bs-
Baulo ce sa4 rup6a rry HaMerano, penycxarqI{a KoH, Haq{cno. C grclrara cfi pbKa xBl,pn.tKr'co Koflne. Megam,oHrr e qacrltrlHo Kopo-3upan r{ oKucJreH. IuaMelbp 40 41 rr.ru. !e-6errna 3 mr. Ter.no 40, 66 r. I4nnenrapeu Nl39187 (o6pa: 1).
Bepoxrno ro3u rlrr B:b3rroMeuarelrHrr
MeAaJrboHrr e 6fi,r orce.reH tr nycuar n o6p:s-Lr-IeHrre 868 Bpb3Ka C HrKOe [peMr.rHaBarre Ha
HMleparop Cenep AlexcalrA:bp, [pe3 rpaAllepunl no BpeMe Ha rreroBrrre [6ryBaHH.{rl3 r43TorrHI4Te qacru Ha uMnepr4.sra. 3a 4a or-6ereNrl rosa oaxtno cr6urr.re, rparcr(ara yTr-
paBa ce e pa3nopeluna B MoHeTapruqaTa lrallepnHr ga ce ra:pa6orxr olrle H.f,KonKo rxrta863IrOMeHaTeJrHI4 MeAaJIbOHT{, CIOXe',f}rTe
ntpra o6parnare crparm Ha Kor.rro ca cB6p-3aHri Bce c nrrqnocrra ua Cenep A:rexcang:sp(Mynrrron 1912,262, J\! 4639; 4641; 4642:4644 4645).
Bropulr MeAaJrLoH e Ha rrMrreparop@urrun II (247 249) (Banti 1987, 65, Ne
5). Heroeoro upo e urpa6oreHo or ABanuga 6ponsonlr crrJraBLIJ KoHTo ce pa3nuqa-Bar rro cBoure rlBeroBe. I{enrpalnara uacrHa qlporo (c guauelsp 31 ulr), e or qepBeH
6pon:. Tr e o6paweua or paMxa c urupoqu-Ha oKoJro 3-4 lna, KorTo e oT Nl,:rr 6pou:.lloao6es MeIaJrLoH, a:pa6oren cr,lqo orABa Br.rAa 6pousoez clJlaBrrr Ho orceqeHrpr.i HMrreparop Kovog (176 - 192'1 e ry6-:ruxynax or T. lepacunron (fepacavoe 1934,439-440). Ho :a paaltrra or Hauur MeAa-rrboHr r]pll Hefo IIeHTpanHaTa qacT e II3pa-6oreHa or xur 6pon:, a o6rpaxgarqara rpaMKa - or qepBeH 6pour. Onucauuero uarry6:nixyeaHuxr noHacrorqeM McaaJrboH e
KaKTO CnelBa:
"Tluqe: Hagnuc (ra6miqa I, 3). Brocr uarlMrreparopa, ro,ro6pag, c JIaBpoB BeHeu, c6poru u HaMeraJIo, HaAscHo.
Onaxo: Haglrlc (ra6,rrlqa I,4). Bnx-ropr{r, ceAHaJra Ha RTrr or op6xr4s (rur4roBeu ur:reuone), HaAqcHo. C grcnara crr pT,Ka
IBpxtU nanMOBa KJ.rOr{Ka, OnprHa Ha AqcHo-ro ir palro. C llseara cu p6Ka Ar'px(H ronrMoBaneu rlr.r! orrprH B6pxy xo:reuere ir. B4x-cHo, npeA Braxropux, e u:o6pa:eu rr3npaBeHeoeHeu rpo$ci;i. B'upx1 osarHnr ur r, Koii-ro Burropaa ;1lpxrl B6pxy (oJrerrere clr, euN{arro HaArrr{c VIC/TORVAAV/GG ) (Banti1987, 65, J\b 5), xoi;iro npn ny6:rxxyeaHrur
ryK egeMnnqp He Ju4rlu.
,\ea pu.trcxtr Spousoeu xedrntoaa om ('ouda ua HITM CoQua 333
Meaa,rr,on:r,r e no-po3r{pan. .{uauerrp 38MM. Ae6enuHa 5 MM. Te-rrro 57, 80 r tr4ueelrra-
peH Ne 39189 (o6pas 2).To:u Ir,Iegalson na
hMrreparop (Dlrrnn II e
6ur orce.reH npe3 qer-
B'r,p'r'ara roAnHa Ha Tpr.r-
6yacrara ny a:rac1 ro.r-ro ce naga r 247 r. IlpesMecerl aBrycT Ha cbula-Ta 24'7 r-, ro Borsra Ha
ceor 6arqa, r{Mneparop(Du:run I Apa6, @u:runII e 6u:r npoBt3rnaceH
3a aBrycr. Beporruono cnyqaii ToBa BaxHoc;6urue, rleHTpanHarapnMcKa MoHerapH}{uae orcrKJla r{ [ycHajra B
o6pr,rqeHue re3u rrHre-pecHLI 863IIOMeHaTe.[Hr.r
MeAanr,oHr{, u:pa6ore-Hrr or aBa Brrra 6pon:o-BA CIIJIAB.
O6p. l. MedtLntou Ha Ceeep A,z excaudt'p, Ceueu B lleptnm.
O1p. 2. Medataou ua <Dutun II.
1. IAVT KM AV]P CEV / AI.ETANAIPOC]
2. rrE / IPTNOTWN] [ArC] NEW / KOPWN
3. IMP CAES M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG
4. PONTIFEX MAX'fRP III1 COS II PP
kt6-t. I. Hadnucu om deona ver)ataotn
I{urupana .r'rr{Teparypa
lepaur,lron 1934: T. fepacuuon. ,{aylreraren MeAa"rrr{oH or KoMoA e Ilapognu-a My3ei. -}IBAI4, VIII, t934, 439-440.
Myurnroe t9l2:. H. MyIrrr,roa. Auru.+rure uolerr.r Ha BaJrKaHcKr4r rronyocrpoB rr N{oHel4reua 6r,lrapcnnre uape. Co(bur, 1912.
Banti 1987: A. Banti. I Grandi Bronzi Imperiali, vol. IV- 3. Firenze, 1987.
346
MOHE THA rIr4PKynAIIU,flB HOBE (Mr43[ffi il) nPE3 378-6t2T.CTATI4CTI/TKA I4 I4CTOPI4qE CKA
T4HTEPIIPETArIr4.s
Raueu fu"uumpoe
Hacroqulcro npof{Bane 3aB6prnBa cepr,rt
or I43cJIeIBaHr.rr N ry6nuxaquu Br,pxy Try-
MH3MaTI{qHIlt MaTepllan OT KbCHOaHTIITIHLI.f,
H paHHoBu3aHrr4iicxu rpag Hoee (Ma:r.rx II).HanpaBeHH rrpe3 nocneAr'rrre 30 rogunn (,{u-uxrpoe 1978, 27,32-33; 1992;2008a, 432-433,441-442 }llluq 136-161; 2008b; Dimitrov1980, 199. 202;1995; 1998, 99-101, 108-il1Nos 119-178). To o6xeaua MoHerr{oro c6-I{poBLIflIe OT er[rcKol]cKaTa pe3r.IAerrqrrr B
Hoee or 39 ltoueru, xaxro r.t 657 eAprHriLrHr.I
erceMrrJurpa or 378-612. Eora'rrlxr Marepuan,ror{Ma qacr or nofiro e npugo6rr B xoAa rra
5O-r'o4uurHare apxeo:ron iecru KaM aHr.rri Ha
6:r,lrapcrure lr rroJrcKu yuenar, gana B63Mox-
nocrlr :a nogpo6en crarl,Icrr{qecKn ana:rr,r:. 3a
cpaBHerrHe ca npr4BJrerreHr.r HaxoAKq oT apyfu,
1 Monerure or ceKTopr.rrer pa:xonaeaun or 6u-rapcKara apxeonor .recxa eKcfle,q uuq g Floge no.q
rJraBHoro p:bxoBoAcrBo Ha cr. n. c. M. 9nvurom (go
l986), cr H. c. I cr g-p A:r. Mn,rveea (1987-1995) ucr: u. c. g-p E. IbHueea (or 1996), ncu.mn or HAI4M-EAI1, npoyvux raro peaoBeH rrneH Ha eKcrrearrulrrraor 1975 ao 2000r BKnro.rnrelno. C saxoaxrte orcexropVIII A, orrpqrlr cne,q 2000 r, ce:ano:nax 6ra-rogapenue mo6e:Hocrra Ha Hacro{rqnr paroBon[renHa pa3KorrKr.rre B cerropaH. c. n-p f[. Blagroea-Pl,IM-B. Tr,pHoBo. MoHernre or ceKropnre. rpoyrrBaH[ ornoncKr.tre eKcneatrur,ll, trlu 6lxa npelocraBeHrr 3a ll3-cneaBane or npo$. T. Capuoecru u rrpot|l. I [. ,{lruexor Bapuaecrur yHr{Bepcr.rrer r.i or g-p A. Eepuaqruor yHr.rBepcr.rrer ,,A.. Mnqxueeus" e flosHaa. f-H f[.[oHeecrr, gupercop na fl4M ,,Ar. KoncraurnHos"-Cgriqoe, r.i roxoiinrrL n. ApafaH,{cR-3aBe}qaqQoug ,,Apxeo:rorur" rr,u uy:el, Mrl [ro3BoJrr.rxa aao6pa6ou cny.raiHure HaxoaKrr or Hoae, ctxpaHr-gaatl s My:eiiHara rorexqrls. Ha ecu.rxrl re3r.r xollerr{r.Bpa3{BaM cBoqra Haii-4ur6ora 6:rarogapnocr
6nu:xu go HoBe o6exrI,r e Mu:a.{ Il:eguo c:s-
KpoBnrr{e c 8 :larnu corr.r.qa H rpr4 Apyru c:b-
orBerHo c 267, 11, u 2i 6pou:onu MoHelx or9rpyc (Schoenerl-Geiss 1979, 167, 173-174Nos l-8; 1991, 213, 233 Nos 755,756;1995,131-132; u eAuHHsHli eK3eMrrJurpr.r or trpyc-466, Ilurororr.rc ag l4crpyrt- 133 u Ecnryc-60,rry6nurcyearu uexly 1 966 n 2002 (Klr.rwe
1966,397-416 Nos 1, 57-87; Schoenert-Geiss1979, 17 4, 195-207 Nos 9, 252-257, 260-265,269-280, 288-338, 345-372, 382-385, 387-393, 401-415, 418, 421, 472,493-501; 1991,230-239 Nos 7 14-730, 737 -7 46, 7 48, 7 51 -7 54,7 51 -759, 762-7 69, 1ll, 826, 846-87 6; 2007,357 -366, 372-381 Nos 11 82-1209, 1211-1221,1230-1234, 1242-1290, i306-1309, 1401-1425, 1430, 1432-1510, 1517-1518, 1522-
1 531, I 61 5-1622; Butcher 1 995, 295-303, Nos428-530, 591 -610, 6 14-61 8, 636-640; tr4eauos.
Koea'reea 2002, 48-54 Ta6:r. III. 1-3, V. 7-9, VI.13-16, Vril. 14-]17,X. 11-14, XIr. 9, XIV 6-7). ,{annure or us6poeuare ny6luxaqllz ryxca cucTeMaTr.r3r.rpaHa clopeA B!3IIpr4eTaTa oT
lrer xracn$uraquq u [epr4oAu3aqllq Ha Mare-pr.rana or Hoee. MoHerHute ctxpoBr{rrla Beqe
6axa pa:rnegauu B caMocro.rrrerHa ny6:uxa-uua (fllruurpon 2008b). llpear orrreqarBaHeHa npoyqBaHero B rrBJrHHr uy eng (Dimitrovin print), TyK npeAcraBsM HeroB cbKpareH
BapHaH! aKr (eHTr.{parq BT,pxy HcTopuqecKaTa
HHTepnpeTarlrrJ{ Ha cTaTrrcTrrrlecKHTe AaHH}r.Hag.reau ce roil 4a 6r,ge rrpner Karo cKpoMHo
AorrEnHeHue Kr'M TpyAoBere Hanpo$. Benu:apBe:rxoe er,pxy xrcHara aHTr4r{Frocr B AHeIIJHLITe
6r,nrapcrr.r seuu (Bemon 1959; Velkov 1977).
l.louenna 4LrptTtLcttlun c Lloae (MLntn II) npe:378-612 z CnantLcnntxa u uctrtopurLecKd utntepnpe a1tLt 347
ilaii-o6rro rolreAHaro, MoHerurrr Irptr-roK KT,M HoBe, -grpyc, HrrKorronr4c aA 14crpyMu EcKyc IIoI(a3Ba H.qerrrr.rqHr4 qeprr.r npe3 rle-nu.s pa3 rexlaH nepuoA. KaKTo 6e roco.{e-Ho 3a HHKononr.rc (Butcher i995, 306), re:nIIeHrpoBe ce HaMupanr4 "on the periphcry ofthe east Roman monetary economy, and suchwas a zone where the dictates of coinage re-lorms and regulations were overridden by lo-cal re(luirelnents'. Mcc rrrnre norpebuocrr.eAHH H cr,rqu 3a rlrnara pa3lureNgaua o6lacr,ca 6vnfi or pa3nHrrHo ecTecTBo u B MHo-fo cnyrlaE BruqHreTo ItM BBpxv MoHeTHaTa
rl}ipKyn arl r ocTaBa HerrcHo.
llpes 378-612 Flose safia3r.rr crpilrerr{-qecKara cu $ynxqur Karo qcrrrlp or Aon-HotryHaBcKHr rr.{\rec. crqer aBaiixu gociJHa H
rIIiBI4nHn rfopr'rr.i na xnBor (3a Kr,cHur IV B.:
Poulter 1994, 144-148). !o 40-re roAlrHu Ha
V n. rpag:sr ocraHaJr Boerreu narep Ha I tr4ra-
rHiicxu leruou (Sarnowski 1999). O6uxnoee-Ho ce nplreMa, qe "the bishopric in Novae wasmost probably established bet$'een the years430 and 449" (Biernacki 2005, 53), Ho roBa e
MOInO Aa CTaHe U HSKOIKO AeCeTIIJICTI4JI IIO-pano, no4o6no rra Apyrr.r no4o6nu rIeHTpoBe
B ME3HI II (.{Nwrpoe 1992, 84 Dimitrov1 995, 700). Ee: cllrHertue HoBe e rrorryqaBarr3Harrr.iTeJIHo,{6p)KaBHO $UnaHClrpane :a :a-nJraTI.i u Ii3XpaHBaHe Ha rapHII3oHa (annona),3a cTporiTercTBo I{ IIoIIpaBKE Ha KpeIIocTHaTa
cHcTeMa, Ha eIIlIcKo[cKI4q KOMnneKC, IIT,pK-
Br{Te r.r Ap. o6axHoeeTro oor.rquanHr.iTe na-p qur.r AocraBKLI 6a:ru u:er,purnaHl{ tnaBHoB 3JrarHI,{ MoHerH. Ma:rxoro cbxpoBlirqe cT,c
conr.r;1a or flrpyc e c Haii-r{6cnu eMr.rcutr or3 93-395.,{pyru gna e.qr.ru}rrrHu ex3eMrrn.spa
npr4uernJrelKar Ha Mapruau r K)crllstraH I. BHoee :ratnu Mouerx rroqru u3rItJIo Jrr4rrcBar:
rraMepeHr.i ca caMo 2 rpelruca Ha cbqr-ireI{Mrreparopu r.r 655 6pon:onu lroseru. MoxeAa ce npeArronara, qe a6pxaBFuTe IJIaIqa-Hr,rq ocBeH B 3JIarHLtJ 6u.nu r.t:orpurnanu r.r a
6pon:onu uonera or foJrrM nouunan, oco6e-HO KOTaTO .4bpxaBaTa nOBI4rrIaBaJIa TtXItaTa
croiigocr rr raxa rIoJTJrqaBaJra IonT,nHLITenHr.trlplixoArr npu pa3M.snara rrM cpeqy :naro (cf
Jones 1970, 160-161, 212). Epon:oeure ;vo-HerH or Hoee ca HaMepeHri npeAr.{MHo noe.El4-
Hr..rrrHo B npoyqeHHTe ceKropfi HnH c,ryraiiHoHa repr.rroputra Ha rpaAa. Muoro or rsx ca
oT MaJIKI] HOMUHaJIU H HOCST CJTeAH OT HH-
TeH3HBHa yrrorpe6a. Karro u rc:n e Hnxono-mc, re rp-r6na ga ce cM{Tar 3a 3ary6eua npnexeAHeBHara rtupKynarlrrr, "a portion olrvhatwas available for deposition" (Butcher 1995,
306). Or apyra crpaHa neplroArrre Ha oxuBe-no o6pr,rqenue cireABa Aa ce cBBpxar c npo-qboTrBarlara MecrHa rrKoHoMr4Ka, mr{poKo
3acBHAeTencTByBaHa qpe3 apxeoJlofuqecKaTa
cnequrlrxa Ha KlcHopr;rMcxufl r4 paHHoBu-
saHrlailcKr.I Hoee (KrrenHHa 2006, I31-137).O6parno, nepno.qure na cla6a uonerHa qlrp-
RTnarIII.s 6r{ c:re.4earo Aa 6T,Aar uH,qHKarlrj-f,
3a ynaAr,( B rrKoHoNrr4Kara. Bapnapcnr.rre r'ra-
[recrBur nogurN (uo uc ourraru) .[o raKT,B
pe3ynrar 6uro upe: AupexrHr4 ropureHr.T.{e'spxy Hoee R oKoJrHHTe paiionli,6u:ro upe:pa3pyrnaBaHe Ha r.rHOpacrpyxTypara Ea .4py-ru o6racrz, cBT,p3axr.T ct,c cna64rnaHero naHoee. Orpuqarenuo er:gericraue Bepo.{Trro
oKa3Barro H 3aceJrBaHeTo Ha BapBapr4 B HqKoIt
paiioHr.I Ha Musrs II. llpe: VI B. rorare oKo-
no Hurononnc ca oTrrrcaHu xaro 6egna nopa-
Ar{ HerrnoAopoAHara 3eM-rr. Te xynyna:ru cauoeuuo (Iord. Ge| 267- IItr4Btr4 1, 3 59). Xyrraren Tparur ue ce 3aHr'{MaBalrr4 cr,c 3eMeAeilre r'r
cu Aocratsqru Heo6xogr.tuara xpaua rrpe3 tpa-6ex lPrisc. :l IABA l.127).
llpes nepuo,{ Ia (378-383) n Hoee,frpyc, Hnxono:rac l.i Ecxyc npeo6naAaBa-
:ru 6pou:oerz MoHerr.r or HoMlrHaJr AE 2. Te
6rlra ceqeHa rraeuo e Clrcqur u KoHcranTr.r-
Horrolr z ro-ManrKo n Xepaxlex. TetpAe nt,:-MoxHo e re ra ca nocrT,nnnr{ cneA 3 8 1 r (:axpoHonorrrflra: Depeyrot 1992, 79-80) naroorlnqlta:rnu AocraBKlt 3a B63craHoBqBaHero
Ha Mr.isuq [I. Cucqnx 6r,r.lra no4 KoHrpona Ha
lparilraH, pa3IIoJro)KeHa 6rur:o 4o rJraBHara
My KBaprrapa e Cupnrryu. B 379 r lpaqu-aH rroArroMorHan TeoAocufi I ra or6:rccneBapBapcxli HanaAeHfiq e lyuaecxrnre :eiuu(Marc. Com. Chron. 379. 1,2:lII4Ei4 1,308-3 09; Maenchen-Helfen 1973,34-35; tr4nanoe
348 RatleH /ttytunpas
P1999, 140). OvenHguo Bp!3KHre MexAyMu:ns II u flpoB]rrrqurrre 3arraarro or rret6unu ece orqe 3HarIuMIr KaKTo ro BpeNIerona Ba:renc. llpe: oxrouepn 382 r TeogocufiCKJIIOTIUJI AOIOBOP C TOTI.ITE I,I HACTAHI4JI MHO.
ro or rsx Karo rfe4eparu ceeepuo or EanKaHa(Marc. Com. Chron. 382. 2: IIIBI4 1,309;Velkov 1977, 37), raro ro ro3a naaruH ocrry-pHn Ha npoBhHuHs la BpeMe Ha cnoKoi.icr eve
H npocneprrTeT.
llpe:: c:re.4earqrrre ABa nepuola Ib (3 83-388) u IIa (3S9-nauanoro na 393 r.) 6porrHa MaTKLITe 6pOUSOBU MOHeTI4 OT IIOMIiHaJI
AE 4 rrapacruan, orpa3rBafiKr.r rraii-eeporr-rro aKTr.rBerr e)r(eaHeBeH o6rueu. llpe: nepra-
o.qure IIb (39213-395) u IIIa (395-401) uo-HeTHfiq rrpr.lToK ocTaHan uHTeH3LrBeH, KaKTO
or r:reJlHa rorrKa Ha 6po.r ua HaMepeHr.rre
MuHer H, taKa !.r Ha a6co;rtorHara croiinocrHa N{oHerHara lraca. Haii-ror.f,M n;rr uMarnMoHerapHlrurrre or pafioHa na llpononraga:Xepaxrer, KoncraurnHono,t, Hrlxoue4ul r.r
Ku:ax. Taspr oco6eHocr ce 3aTra3[na Ao Kpa.fi
rra ctruecrByBalrero Ha Hose. Hatrrecreu.sraH pa3Mnpuqr.ire B 384/5, 391 ri 395 r. He ora-3arrr4 BHAr{MO OTpaxerr[e BT,pry MoHeTHr.rTe
AOCTaBKLi It UKOHOMI.IqeCKaTa )(I43HeItOCT. 3a-
MqHaTa Ha dnnona B Harypa c napurrHr.{ cyMH
3a rpaHurrHrrre noiicru (Cod. Theod. VIIL 4.
I1:III4BI 1, 268 sa I4rupnryu; o6rqo I-ny-rrraHHH 1986,201-202) clruo ynenuqrina pa3-
Mepa Ha napuqHuTe I{ocTaBKH rr AorrpfiHecna3a a(TriBH3VpaHe Ha MecTrraTa rllrpKynaqfir.3a ga ro'r'rnencupa HaManrBaHero Ha HaceJre-
Hr.reror Ha 5. 3. 383 r 6a:r ra:ga4eu eAr.rKr 3a
3ace:rBaHe na 6orarrl 3anar'r.r'uu H TbproBrlr.r
c MHoro po6r4 B rpaAoBere Ha MIT:ur II (Cod.
Theod. XII. 1. 96- IIIIIBI,4 1,275-276; Bol-Koe 1956, l1l). B xpaa na IV e. B ueHrBpaHa HoBe r.iMaJro 3aHaJrrqr{iicru rnaprar- BHefoJ KaKTo H B llpyrr.r qacru Ha rpaga, 6unopa3Br4TO nporr3Bo.4cTBo Ha oTT,KJIO, KOCTeHI.I
v3ren:z.r' n KepaMr{(a (Genceva 1999, 95-98;Olczak 1991, 106-110; 1995, 16). B cr,lroroepenre 9rpyc npon:aex4ar 6paurHo or )Kuro,
AocraBqHo or Hnxono:rr.rc, Karo 3aAoBorsBan
a Hy)KArrre na Hoee (Poulter, Falkner, Shep-
herd 1999, 46). Tona KoorepupaHe rrpoAbn-)Kr4JIo ao ororo 422 r., Koraro xopeyMET B
9rpyc 6u:r pa3pyrneH. tr4sguranero Ha erruc-Korrcrlir KoNIrrJIeKc e Hoee N{oxe 6tt gano-{-
HaJro HenocpencrBcrro cre.t o6seqeanero Ha
XpI{CTI.ITHCTBOTO 3a eAUHCTBeHa penufll.fl B
394r. v o6oco6geaHero Ha caMoclorrellHaI,lsrouna tr4uleprrtr e 395 r.
flpes uepuo4u IIIb, c, d r.r IVa, b (401-423) npurorrr Ha HoBlr nrouerl.r xr,Nr HoeeHaMarrrBar flporpecrrBHo. Tosa N{oxe 6u e
pe3ynTaT oT pa3MHpar]u u HarrrecTBr.rq KaTo
Te3u B 400 I Koraro peull.rre:ruara 6urraMexlly xTHHTe Ha yJrA[c r.r rorcxrlre 6yn-ToBrruqu sa farina Beposrlro craHa;ra npuIloee (Maenchen-Helfcn 1973, 38-39, 5 1 -53,59) u uaxnynanero Ha xyHHTe n I4:rupuxyrrnpe: 408 tmi 409 r (I4E 1, 409). C rrr,peorocr,6llrue cc cBT,p3Bar cBeIeHu{ 3a rrpecen-BaHe Ha ceJIcKLiTe xHTeJrr] B r-p4qoBeTer 3a
6yuroee Ha po61r r{ Ae3eprbopu or pnn{cKa-
ra apNlr.iq e Tpann.x (Velkov 1977,39). B:rll-qHr.Iero Ha no4o6uu cl,TpeceHll-q AoBeno AoMepKu 3a 3aculrBane Ha AyHaBcxara rllora l.r
locTposBaHe HarIoBo Ha KoHcTaHTItHOrrOJr-
cxure creHr{ e 412-418 r (Cod. Theod.V 6.
3,VII. 1 7. 1: IIIIEIL l, 263, 267 ; Maenchen-Helfen 1973, 69, 74; Velkov 1977, 40). \lz-HoceHr.rre Moneru or 39213-395 H or 3 95-401H CBCTaBT,T Ha CBI{pOBLIUIeTO OT eIrUCKOrrCKa-
Ta pe3lineuqus roBopqr 3a tona, ue e Hoeeca ocrallanu n ynorpe6a o-craprr eMucnr{([awrpoe 2008b, 513), Br'nperlr 3aKoHa 3a
AeMoHerri3llpaue rra re3lr or Houusal AE 2a 395 r. (Cod. Theod. IX. 23; RIC 9, xrxi;Depeyrot 1992,19-80; RIC 10, 18). flsreHu-ero e rurrr.rrrHo sa nepuSepHure o6nacrfi Ha
I,Iurepnlra, KT,,qero AT,pxaBHr.{qr KoHTponB6pxy MorrerHoro o6prrqenue He 6u:r e$u-xaceH (Depeyrot 1992, 88). Or gpyra crpanaynorpe6ara Fra crapu MoHerH B Hose ceri-AerercrBa :a go6pe Syuxquonupaul uecrenna:ap n c:reg 401 r
Monernrlre cr,xpoer.rrqa or Hone, 9rpyc,.{uuyu u Cyxugana ca uauepeHr4 cpeA Maco-Brr pa3pyrneH[rl u ono)naprBaHe npr{ 3llaqu-remro cr,6r.rrue, 3acerHalro o6mllpen paiiou
Motrenua tprprlna4ua a Haee (),htun lt) npe:378'61) z Cmantucmuxa tt ucmopu\ecKa utntepnpendqua 349
or Mu3r.rr II. Haii-eepo-nrno roBa e rralrecr-BIteTo B 42]1-422 r., Koraro "Hunni Thra-ciam vastaverunt" (Marc. Com. Chron. 422.3- IILIBI4 1, 309; Maenchen-Helflen 1973,
76; Croke 1911,365-366) r4 Moxe 6H rracr
or r-gx ca ce orKJroHIrJrIr xr,u Mu:Hlr (noc:r.
.{nvrlrpoe 2008b c qur. :rur.). 3a Haxo,4Kr4re
or trpyc, HoBe a Crapo celo (Tyrpaxancxo)ce llollycKa u no-paHHo yKpHBarre [pr.r Hana-
.qeHlrt Ha Vrguc nag gaoqe: Tparr.rr n 405-408 tBrrlnvHpoBa-Afla.l)ffoBa 200]. 8o-8 7:
Vladimirova-Aladzhova 2007, 3 1 6).Halra:r.{naHero Ha MoHerHr.rr pr{To(
npolT,nxnno Ia npe3 cneABallr.rTe rrcpHoAr{IVc a V (423-435). Ilpavuuure ca He.{cHrl.
Xynare 6urr.i o6esp:anu c NrupeH AoroBop r{
Ii3ITnarrIaHe Ha roAnrrreH IaHBK B 3raro. ToBa
6u:ro orpareno B rucMeHara rpaAITuHr H B
HaArrr{crr, BT.3xBan.sRarqfi Teogocr4ii II ( Croke1971 . 365-367 1. flo roru Haq y s 5 r.l,1o rrocrn I -
Haro cnoxoiicrBue 3a Mu3R-s IL B 430-432 naprincipia-ra n HoBe 6xnr{ rr3!r{rHarr4 Tpr.r cra-Tyrr Ha HNrrreparopa or primipilarii. Te cva6-AtBanH rapHrr3ona or pafioua na Er-efcxo r.r
Mpauopno nrope (Sarnowski 2004, 67 ; 2005 ,
228-229). Axrr,r nepoarHo 6lrr er'n epl:xac Bb3craHoBsBane na nn$pacrpyKTypara B
,4l4orle3 lbaKri-{, r.r3TEKBaHo Karo 3acnyra Ha
Teogocaii IL OceeH n Hone, prnrcxra noenunuacru npe6lrnaeaJru rr B ,{r.rnryu (Ee:reue) r6ru:xara Cerypacra (r{epxonuqa, Ilresen-cxo) (Muroea-lNoHoea 199i, 14)- Oro,ro430 r. Hoee 6r,rr elrprcxoncxrl qeurlp. floctrqoro Bpel{e e llrpyc 6rlna eHtcraHoeena
ofloxapeHara 6asurrixa. B 421 r e or6errq-3aHo npeceJlBaHe Ha forll or guoqe: laxuln Tparxr (Croke 1977, 359-360, 366), xocroivroxe 6n cr,tqo ce orpa3ll:ro HerarnBHo BtpxyN{ecTr{aTa HKoHoMr4Ka H T6pTOBCKIi Bp:b3Kr4.
Xrlarycr,r e uonerHr.ir npHTor( npe3 rrepu-oaVI (435-450) n3nrex.qa c6BceM ecrecrBeH,rr,ii xaro ce plleMa, rre xyHcrfiTe HalrecrBu.sHaqero c E:rega u .Aru:ra (Marc. Com. Cluon.442.2, 447 .2, 4-JILIBI,4 1 , 3 10) ca :aceruaruu Floee. Kr,I{ 447 r. oxolo 70 rpaga, nxlro-quTeJIHo Cepnura 14 MapKriaHonon 6ula on-ycroueHr'r. O6runpnara reparopru{ noA KoH-
Tpona Ha Arrana ce npocrr{pana go Hone uxyHcKH.s BoxA r{3HcKBa[ T{ Aa He 6r,ge o6pa-
6oreaHa (Prisc. 9:fI4EI4 1, 99; Velkov 1977,
41-42). 3eruxra rycreena (Maenchen-Helfen
1973, 124) tr Ha rrparruKa ocraBa;Ia r{3Br}I{
HKoHoMrrKara rra I4:rouHara r.runepwr.
Monernr.rqr flpuro]r K:bru Hoee u oKor-Hr.rre rIeHTpoBe ce BE3o6HoBHn c:ra6o npes
repuo.qr.r VI u VII (450-518), npoA:hnxl{nu
AO IrOCJreAHlrTe roAr.rHlr OT ynpaBneHr{eTo Ha
Auacracuri I. Kr,u 457 r "all provinces ofthe Thracian diocese u,'ere again Iirmly under
Roman control" (Maenchen-Helfen 1973,
159) nr,rperlr HarrrecrBrrrra n Tpaxttr noBpeN{ero Ha MapKfiaH (Prisc. I 5: I'I'IEI{ I,123). 3;raruurr rpeNnlc Ha'ro3u rlMneparop
Moxe 6It foBopri 3a o4luqrranHr.i HHBecrIiqHI{
3a Bl3CTaHOBr.rTenHr.r pa6OTX B HOBe creA OT-
rerrsHero na Arlrna (K.nenuna 2006, 133).
lpyru uanatenlr.{ ro.qyHaBcxara rpa}rr4IIa Ha
Lu{or(e3 TpaKHJr rrN{ano npu r4N{neparop JI6B I(Prisc. 22: flIEI4 1, 129; Schwarcz 1992a,
62). Kru 4651466 r. rpa.4urlliouHr.ire rT,p-
xlrrqa 3a pr.rMnrHr-i r{ xJrru no lyHaea neve
He cr,rrrecrByBanu (Prisc. 19= I-[4EI4 1, 125;
Maenchen-Flelfen \97 3, 1 65 -1 66). Vnalrrr,rB rrplrroKa I'Ia Nlonera 6e: cruuenrle 6ur no-BJlr{{H U OT HOBr4 fpyIIII BapBapA, 3acejre]Ilr B
MHsr-{ II, creqrarHo xpaii Ecxyc u n -flrpyc(lord. Get. 265, 266= IIABI4 1, 358; Schwarcz1992a, 54:, Klenuna 2006, 134 c qur. .nrir.).
MonernHre rrocrr,rrJreFrrz{ 6utu :g'afi,-c:ta6l,zL
rpz 3enon (476-491).llpez 475-476 u 483-488 e llose pe3r{Ar.ipalr ocrrorcKr.{rr Kpajr
Teogepux lII (Prostko-Prostynski 1997, 30),Ha KOTOTO H'I{OI rIpI4I]I{CBaT IITpKOBHO CTpO-
r.rrercrBo n rpaga (noc:r. Biernacki 2005, 60,
contra: Prostko-Prosrynski, BHl< no-rope).Boiisure c TeoAepuK Crpa6ou, qu;rro rJraB-
ua 6a:a 6rra eeporrHo B6B @a:runono:r u Ha
aBar\,raTa TeoAepnronqr.r B c6ro3 cperqy KoH-
craHTI4HOnOiI ClC C[fypHoCT AOHeCnI{ OlyC-TorrreEue :a o6lrapur.r repuroplrl{ B ,q!Ioqe3aTparcua (Marc. Com. Chron. 487: III4B1II 1,
312; Sch*arcz 1992a, 68-79). llpe: cr,rqurnepr{o,q apyrlt HaulecTBLIt 3acerHanr.r ceBepo-
Ir3TOaIHaTa qaCT Ha BaJIKaHCKH-S [OnyOCTpOB
350 Kateu /luuumpoa
(Cod. Iust. 1: I'I4EI4 2,21;tr48 2,30). Cneg
orrernrHero Ha TeoAepr4K III xr,M tr',lra:rrz-fi e
488 r,vnoro or HeroBure forlr ocraHalllr B
Mrsnq II (UB 1,4\2- 4i 3; Schwarcz 1992b,
4), neporrno xpaii Hoee. B togu r<onrer<cr
r.r3oJrarlnrrTa Ha fpaAa r1 npoABlIXHTeJrHoTo
HapyrnaBaHe Ha N'recrHaTa I4KoHoMr{KaTa ca
Jrorr4qHo o6scHeHl-ie sa cta6us npI4ToK Ha
MoHerrr (AHMHrpoe 1992,85; Dimitrov 1995,
703) ,qo pe{ropN{ara na Anacracrlii I e 498 r.CleA ra:r.i pe$opua ce 3a6ert3Ba cna-
6o Hapacreane, ro-crerrl4alrno npe3 TperIItcne4pe$opuen neprroA, Koraro o6eMlT Ha
MoHerHure rrocrbrrreHllt ce y,{no.rea. Ara-ctacuii npeivaxnalr .qaHEKa BBp\y 3aHaJITLITe
u T6prOBI'I.sTa I{ HapeAun TO3H Blp)ry nO3eM-
-treHara co6creenocr ga 6rge rIJrarIaH B 3Jlaro
BMecro B flarypa (K.rrenuna 2006, 134). ToiilocTaBl{n HaqaJIoTo Ha foJrrlMa cTpoI{TeJrHa
nporpar\ra. tlpuflHcaHa or IlporconHii urur,roua lOcruurlaH I (l4Banoe C. A. 1984, 47; o6rqo
3a pe3ynrarr4re Velkov 1977, 52). MonerlIIr-Te Ha\olr()J or Hoee H oKoJ'r HH re paiioHtt clt
npeKaneHo ocr6.[Hr.r. ;a na 6r,nar cBtpfalnc o$uqrzamru nnaqaHrrq 3a crpoex Ha yKpe-
rrlreHa-{ Ir qrpKBI4, orAaBasrz sa AuacracufirrrTr4 IOcrr.rH I (K:renuria 2006, 136). Bapeap-
cxrare o6ulnocru e Muslaq II (ra orono Hone?)
oKa3BarI4 HefarliBHo BJrrrJrHIre B6p\y MecTHa-
Ta uKoHoMuKa. flpo6:rer,rn cr,c ura64lnatetoHa Hacejrer reTo Lt IIMnepcKrITe fapHI43oHI.I C
xpaHrr r{Mzrno B 505 r (Velkov 1977 , 46:14B 1,
412). Onacuocrra or BapBapcKrl HallecrBr{rlHairo)KrrJra l43rpaxraHero Ha ,{ulata crena
6ma:o go Kosctagtunoro:r n 5 12 r. (Marc.
Com. Chron. 493.2,499. 1,502. 1: JII4BLI
1,312-313; Proc. Caes. De aedif. 134-135-ILIBI4 2, I 73). B 515 r. Mli:us II u Cxrru.{6r.riru u:q.sllo noA KoHTpona na Brmamlan(Schwarcz 1992b, 7). MoNe Aa ce rpeArlo-Jrox{u, qe yIBotBaHeTo Ha MoHeTHI{t rlprlToK
npe: nepuog III na Auacraclrii e craHzlro eABa
cnea Karo BlcraHI.tero e 6utro noryuleHo, Karo
H.f,KOr{ Ii3HOCeHH MOHeTTI BepOtTHO Ca TTOCTT'-
rurnu npLI ylpaBlreHr4ero na lOcr.is I.Monernr.lr npraror< npes nepzog VIII-yr-
paBneHzero na lOcrus I (518-527) uapacr-
Han AByr(parHo. Creg pasrpolra Ha anrfiTe B
519 r &roues Tparvr ue 6rln :acrpanrananB rrpo,qr,nxeHue Ha HrKoJrKo rogrmu (Proc.Caes. Libri VIIL 45- fI4EtI 2, 1 35; I4B 2, 3 1).
Crpoure,rcrno nplr lOcurn I e or6enssauoor llpoxonlrii, Ho e fipnr]rcaHo Ha uMrrepa-
ropcKLIt rrreMeHHr{K IOcruuuan (l4nanon C.
A.1983, 28). Moxe 6u uMeHHo ro e nporBe-r{o B rIT,pKoBHoro crpor{TercrBo e Hoee. AxoToBa e raKal N{oHerr.rre ua lOctlru I, ualrepe-rru B fpala BepoqTHo ca Io[aAHaJ]u TaN{ KaTo
or!ruua,rt-tH HHBecrr'ruun ra ra-rn neiiHocrllo epeue Ha rrlpBure ,qecerrrHa ro,qr4Hr.r
or yrlpaBrerrr{ero na K)crunnan I-nepr.rog IX(527-538) MorrerHn-{ flpr.iroK r<sM Hoee HaNra-
JUrJr c oxoJro %. C lisrrroqeHr.re na 530-533 na-ruecrsuqla 6urfi .recrri (Proc. Caes. Libri VIII.45:fUEI4 2, 135; Velhov 1977,48). B 535 rlrpyc craua,r apeHa Ha 6urxa ue;xgy pmlm-nn u 6:snrapu, an 538 r Mu:nx a Tp alrv's 6utr*t
nanaguanr (Marc. Com. Chron. 535. 3: JII4ELI
1, 3 18; I4E 2, 63). Cnopes C. A. tr{eaHoe cra-6o ro c r poare,rcrBo Ha yrperneHr.r;r e pafioHa
na Hone u 9rpyc (cexropn 16 u 17 ua ,{yuae-crra-a .nuvec) cBrrAereJlcrBa 3a HI{cKa crerleuna onacrocr (crorBerHo IV l,r II) or BapBapcKr4
Halla,4eHurr (I4nanoe C. A. 1983, 38). Hauam-BaHero Ha MoHerHuJI npI{ToK Moxe 6u e cnrp-3aHO UMeHHO C I{alla,qeHt4t I{ |OBOpLI 3a IIO-Ce-
pr4o3Ha 3acTpaueHocT Ha IBaTa ceRTopa.
flpe: nrprara qacr Ha flepuo4 X (538-550) uonertr re nocrr,nreHrzs, rJraBHo B
KoHcraHTulrorroJrcxr4 eMr4cr.ru or 40 rrwrarrapacTHanH prrro. npnlo6HeaiKl,l rnn[qnr.rqepTlr Ha o$uqr.ianHu .4ocraBKr{. Haurecrnu-sra or 538 ra 549-551 (Velkov 1977, 49-50;I4B 2,33) He ca oKasaJrr{ HrKaKBo orpurlaren-Ho BruqHI4e. Haii-eepoxtuo c re3II MoHerr4 e
6z:lo $unancr'rpauo KpenocrHoro u rIT,pKoB-
Horo crpo relrcrso s Hoee (,{uuarpon 1992,
86; Dimitrov 1995, 703). floc:regaoro orro-eapx na $a:a ]V na enucxoncxara 6a:zrura(Biernacki 2005, 56-58). lefiriocrra e 6uniocT, IecTBsBaI{a B paMKxTe Ha HoB -fa quaes-
tur a exe rcitus'. aAMrrHr{crparltBHa eALTHItIIa ornponr.rnqnrzre Muzutll, Cxuru4 Kapzx, Kz-ur,p lr KzxlagcruTe ocrpoBu c qeump Oge-
Itlotrenuo 4ttptgta4un a Ilo'se (MuaLa II) npes 378-612 z. Cntn*rcmrua tt ucntopu\eclo unnepnpenn\ua 3 51
coc. CrpyKTypara 6llira c63IaAeHa 3a yKpen-BaHe ceBepHaTa fpaHrrrla Ha tlMnepl,I-sTa qpe3
oc[fyp.rrBaHe Ha Heo6xoAHMtrTe tbIIHaHcoBtI
H Marepr4aJrHr.r cpeJIcTBa no Mope. Tr npo-c|6ulecrByBarra Io 575 I.. (Berxoe 1956; 114;
Torbatov 1997; Krenuna 2006, 134-135).Haxo,lrsre o r Hoee rror BhpxAaBa I llefiHaraerbeKTr.{Brrocr.
flpe: eropara qacr Ha leptron X (550-565) l,ronernur npHToK BKJIrortBa.r'I rraBHoMaJIKI4 HoMr.rnaJ'rrz or 10 uylru. Br,npexu cna-
na B HefoBEq o6eM c oKono 30 %, rofi ceu-AeTeICTBa 3a HapaCTBaHe I{a e)KeAHeBHaTa
T6proBr4q. Beg ctvnenNe roBa e pe3ynrar orcl{rypHocrra B Mu3u.{ II c:reA e 552-558 r(Velkov 1977, 50), orpa:ena u qpe3 crpo-r{TeJrcTBoTo TaMr BT,npeKLI rte r{acT oT HefoN{oxe 5rr e or rro-KbcHa Aara (Torbatov 1997,84-85). Hrroa perlopMn Ha IOcrnHuaH Karo
IrpI4HyAUrenHOTO Ll3rrynyBarre r{a Aon6rH -
TenHu KolfiirecTBa oT cToKr4 3a AspxaBHr.rHy)r(.4r4 (KneHHHa 2006, 135) cr,qo 6iraro-trpl1'TcTBanu EapacTBaHeTo Ha napuqHu.rr
o6opor.llepuog XI (565-578) r.rnr4 ynpaBrreuu-
ero Ha IOcruH II 6e:reNrl Haii-3HarrurenHr.r
IoHeTHLI nocrt'rreHu.{ g Hoee s cpaBHeHI{e
c ocTaIIaJII{Te roII4HrI Ha VI n. (flurral.rrpoe
1992, 86; Dimitrov 1995, 7 03-704). Ha6nro-
AaBa ce crraA B npoAyKrlrrrra Ha Kusux:acMerKa Ha ra3r.r na Tecaronura. flocraexure6raltrr pegonuu. 9acr ot rsx Moxe 6u npeg-craBJrqBaJrI{ o$r4rI[anHI4 uHBeHcrrrqr.r].I 3a
Bt3crauoB.sBanero Ha HoBe cneA 3e\,rerpe-
ceHrrero or 557 r. (Biernacki 2005, 60-62).
lpyra uacr or MoHerure c6c cr.rrypHocr ca
Aornnu qpe3 MecrHara rtproBrzr nogo6rro uaTe3r.i oT IIpeAXOAHITTe fOAI{HII, CTI4Mynr.ipaHa
or tfynxqunre Ha qLnestura exercitus. B:oo-crlr r{a npo.qyKrr{ or Cupur, Ilanecruna u 3a-nagna Mara A:rar 6u:r ylecueu. B Hoee no-crtnBaJru xpauri r{ xepaulrra or firpyc. IIpe:VI n. uecrlroro [por{3BoAcrBo e Hone c:srqoe 6rllro pa:euro, 3a Koero cBfiAereflcrBar rra-3apHurrr nnoulaA, 6a:apr,r n rr,proBcKo-3arra-
rrr{r.riicKr.rrr KoMrrJreKc B ceKrop IV (Dyczek2003, 15;K:resusa 2006, 136-137).
lipe: reprosu XII (578-582) u nlpBa-ra r{acr Ha XIII (5 82-591)-ynpanrreHl4ero rla
Tu6epnii E MaBpr4KXfi MoHerHHt rlprrroxocTaHaJI peAoBeH, Ho c oKoJIo ner flLTI4 Iro-lra:rr,x o6eu. ToRa co.ru cBI{BaHe Ha na3apa
cJreA npeN{axBaHero Ha quaestura exetcitLls.Or ltroro6poiiulrre BapBapcrur HanaAelrutcpe[Iy Ar.roqe3 Tparux naii-:uaqurellHorocTaHaJro B 581 r, roraro HaxnyrrrTe cJIaBTIHI4
He ce u3TefJIuJIr.I BeaHafar a ocraHanr.r,44 oII-ycrorrraBar Tparax go 584 r (l4B 2.37-39).Eegcrnenu 6ulu u nautecrglrtra Ha aBapurer'pez 58213,586 u ap. (Velkov 1977, 54-55).
flpe: nropara qacr Ha rrepuoA XIII unpe3 cneABaqr.ire nepuoAu XIV r XV (591-
61 1/612)-nocrie.aHr.rre roAuHrr or ynpaB:reHlr-
ero na Maepr.mnii, roea ua (Doxa u nr-per.rre
roAriHr{ or yrrpaBJreHuero Ha tr{paxnu, uoner-Hr.ir fipuroK Krrrr Hose 6ur cla6 rr Hep]rrMtr-uen. tr4:onaqunra Ha rpaAa e nofuquo o6qc-nenue (.{uuurpos 1992, 86; Dimitrov 1995,
704). Kru 597 r Hoee rrMaJr co6crBeHrr Br,-
opsxeHr4 cr{n[ c pa3perneHr.re Ha rrMnepa-
rop IOcrNrr (II?). EnNcxourr orKa3ar Aa rHIIpeAOCTaBIi IIOA LIMIIepaTOpcKO KOI'yIaHABaHe,
Koero npeAlr3Brrrano c6n:scr,x uexAy apMH-{-
ra na flerr,p (magister militum per Thracias,6par na mrneparop MaBpuKni) MecrIII4reNnreru (Theoph. Sim. Hist.11 . VII. 1- fI4BI42, 330-334; Theoph. Conf. 6089-Ilski 1995,
80-82 c xolrenrap). To3r.r errr.r3oA rroHrKorace cBT,p3Ba ue c Hone, a c Acarrlyc (Velkov1977 , 55-51). llo rosa BpeMe Mr-r3ur II cra-HaJra apeHa Ha rroqTrr HenpeKT,cHaTrr BoeHHu
4eilcrnux. Bapeapcxrz HalrecrBus 3acerHaJIH
pailoHr.rre oKono ycrr{rra Ha AcaMyc B 597 ru Arpyc n 599 r (Theoph. Sim. Hist.12. VL4= II4BI4 2, 334-335, 344-348; L4E 2, 39,68). Hafi-xr,cHara Mouera, HaMepeHa npr'I
pa3RonKH n Hone, e or 611-612. T-a garupa
oKoHr{aTeJrHoTo pa3pyrnaBaHe Ha fpaAa B5B
Broporo AecerHJrerr.re Ha vII B. Torasa cra-na.no nafi-lrar{a6uoro uaruectnne Ha cJTaB.{-
Hr.r H aBapr{ (Schreiner 1987 , 54-55), Koraro B
613-615 "cras-{Hlrre ornenn fr,puur or pqM-
r.sHare" (lsid. Hisp. Cont. Hisp. 8, Chr. M.414u= IItr4Etr4 1, 3 84-3 85; LIB 2, 39).
352 Rauet,llwvumpae
PA3IPEAEJIEHI4E HA MOHETI4TE IIO IIEpr4OAr.r HA OTCI4qA-HE, ATEJIT4ETA I4 HOMI{HAJII4
HOBE
flocoqesa e rr creneHra Ha r{3Hocenocr (:CI,I) na rronerlrre:
- Ctr4 or 0 go 1-4: uroneru 6e: fiJrrr cr,c cbBceM KparKo yqacrue B r]npKynaqlrrra:
- Ctr4 or 2 4o 4: vroneru c rpoAtJrxr.rrenrro yqacrrie B rlr.rpKynauusra.
Cr,rponurqe or err cKorrcrara pe3HAeHqHs:
*Monerara e cerreHa npe3 nepnoA Ia: 378-383 or lpaqr.rau. B raranora Ha rrtpBtrqHarary6mxaqzx uMneparop;T He e rocoqeH.
lpynaI
fpyna II fpyna III 06rqo sa
aTer!lerof6'7/88 IIb:
392/sIIIa:
i951401IIIb:+0113
IVa:408/16? AE2/AE3IAE4
t3/' AE2 AF,3 AE3 AF, 3
T.ecanonuxa 2 (-l2l-\:Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 1/-Ctr4 2 to 4 1t-
Xepax,ten 4 (1t3t-\:CI4 0 ao 1-4 1
C.V2no4 1
Koucmaumunonon t1 (-/t 0/1):Ctr4 0 no 1-4 -11* 8CI42lo 4 2
Huxottedun 4 (-t4t-\Ctr4 0.uo 1-4 2C.V2no4
Kusux 6 (214t-\:Ctr4 0 no 1-4 2Ctr42 rc 4 2
Anmuoxun 2 (-t2/-\CVI 0 no 1-4 2CI42no4
Heonpede"tenuQme.luemo
t0 (1/et-):
CI4 0.ro 1-4CI42lo 4 1
O6uo :a rreDuo-tra 3 (211\ 4 29 .,1 39 Gl34t1)
ivfouemna tyupxlnarpn a Hoee (Mutua II) npes 378-6t2 z. Cmanucttu.ma u ucmopullecKa Mmepnpenaqut 353
I:378/88Ia:378183 Ib: 3 83/8 Ia-b:3 78/8 8 O6rqo :a
ATEJIIIETOAF.2t3t4 AF.2l3l4 AE4 AE2/314
Apn I (11-l-\:CI4 0 ro 1-4 1/-t-CI42 to 4
Axemen 7 (1/-l-\:CI4 0 ro 1-4 lt-t-Ctr42 no 4
Pnu I GIJI\:Ctr4 0 lo 1-4 -t-/tCtr42no4
Cuc4un t3 (712/4\:C\4 0 lo l-4 5l-11 -1213
Ctr4 2 ro 4 2t-t-
Tecanouuxa 3 (-13/-\:Ctr4 0 .uo 1-4Ctr4 2 no 4 -^l-
Xepaxaen 12 (41612\:
CI4 0 ro 1-4 1lll- 2Cttl2 tto 4 -t2t- 1/-t-
Koucmaumuuonon t8 (61517],:
CI4 0 .ao 1-4 41312 11112 3CI42no4 1t1t-CI4-
Huxouedun 4 (2t1/1\:Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 2t-t-Cl42 rc 4 -lt l1
Kuzux 6 (2t212\:
Ctr4 0 ao 1-4 1t2t- U-tl 1
Ctr42no4
Aumuoxun I (-11/-)Ctr4 0 ao 1-4 -t1t-CU2 to 4
He o n peden e n u o me,l uemo t9 tIlTlllCI4 0 ro 1-4 -11t1 -11* l1 6Ctr42 no 4 1l1l- - l4* /t 2
O6uro :a rrenr.rona 36 r1 8/1 3/5) 29 (6114* 19\ l4 79 (24/27128\
Egunuvuu MoHer[:
* llerre AE3 or rreplroA Ib, Tr.rn GLORIA ROMANORVM tr4rrneparopBr Braqr nneHHr4K orHeorlpeAeneuu areJrr.rera, Morar Aa npuHarnexar r.r KGM npeAxoxAarqux nepao4 (364-378).
154 Ratett lltnrttmpoa
II: 389/395IIa: 3 89/93 IIb: 393/5 O6uro ga treJruero
Al-14 AF.2ti/1 AF.2tit4Axaunen 2 (-/-12.t:
Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 -t-0,C.I4 2 no 4 1
Pn-u | (-t1./-):CtrI 0ao 1-4C.V2no4 -t1t-
Tecanouuxn 1r-/Jl):Ctr4 0 ao 1-4C.V 2 n<'t 4
Xeoat<nen t0 (61-14\:
C.l4 0 no 1-4 3 st-t-Ctr42 to 4 1 U-t-cv.-
Koncmtumunonon 22 (11-115\:
C.I4 0 no 1-4 11 4t-t-C.I4 2 no 4 4 3l-t-
Huxottedun I (41-14\:
CZ 0 ro 1-4 2CI4 2 ro 4 2 2t-t-
Ku:tux 9 (3t-t6:Ctr4 0 to I-4 6Cl42 ro 4 r/-/-CV.- 1/-t-
Aumuoxun 2 (1/-/1\:CI4 0 ro 1-4 1t-t-CI42 ro 4
Heonneiazenu amenuema 62 (5/-t57\:CtrI 0 ro 1-4 22 1/-/-C.tr4 2 no 4 34 4/-/1
O6ruo :a nenr{ona 88 29 (261U2\ tt7 (26t1190)
III: 395/408IIIa:3951
40rIiIb:401/i
IIIc:40416
IIId:40618
O6uo :aATEJIIIETO
AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3I4Xenaxnen 1(41-lCtr4 0 to 1-4 4Ctr42 ro 4
Koncmgnmunonon 26 (2412)r:
Ctr4 0 no 1-4 l3 -t 2 1
Ctr4 2 xo 4 6 1
Mouem ua 4trpxy.ta4ua a |loae (lvlttzua II) npes 378-61 2 z. C ntarnucnuxa u ucmopt&ecKa tnnePnPena4un 3 55
Hut<o.melun 9 t9l-):Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 5 I
Cl4 2 to 4 2 I
Rusux ?1 (2912\:
CII 0 no 1-4 14 JCV2no4 10 i 2C.IA-
Heonneleuenu amutuemt 74 (7113]|:
Ctr4 0 no 1-4 22 2 1
CA2 no 4 12 5 3 8
C.I4- 1
O6nro :a rreDr.rona 109 l7 5 l3 144 t13117)
IV: 408/25IVa:
408/16?IVb
4161123
IVa-b:408123
IVc:42315
O6qo :aATEJIIIETO
AE3 AE3 AE3 AF.3l4 AF.3t4Rapmazen 1 t-l1 ):Ctr4 0 no 1-4 -/rCtr42 no 4
Xepaxnen I (tl):CA 0 no 1-4 1
Cl42 no 4
Roucmaumuuonon 5 (51-]t:
CI,I 0 so 1-4 4 U-C\42 no 4
Kusux 2 (2t-\:Ctr40 no l-4 2CA2 to 4
Anexcanlnun I il/-):CI4 0 ao 1-4 1
CI42no4
Heonpedanenudme,luema
te (let-):
CI4 0 ro 1-4 3 3
Ctr4 2 to 4 8 1 4
O6lro sa nenfioaa 11 6 4 2 (1ll\ 29 12811\
Kr,n repxoga IIIc unu IV a-b (406-423) crlaAa orqe eAHa Monera or HoMI{Han AE3 orHeonpeAeneHo aTenlle.
356 Kouettfluutunpoc
v42s-43s
O6uo sa
ATEJIIICTO
VI:450-498
O6qo :laATEJIII€TO
AE4 AV rper"r./AE 4Xepaxnen I r-llt:CI4 0 ro 1-4CIL2 to 4 -11
Roncmaumunonon 2: 7 (1t6.l:CI4 0 ao 1-4 1 113CI42lo 4 1 -13
Huxo.tt'teiun 1: | (-11\:CI4 0 .ao 1-4 1
Cl42lo 4 -11
Rusux 4:Ctr4 0 ao 1-4 3Ctr42 to 4 I
Aumuoxua 1:CI4 0 ao 1-4CI42 no 4 1
Anexcaudpua I (-/1\:CI4 0 ro 1-4Ctr42 ro 4 -t1
Eeonpedeaenudmenuema
14:
5 (J5 r:CX 0 ro 1-4 6 5Ctr42 to 4 8
06uo sa neprroJla 22 15 ( 1/14 )
Krn nepuoglr V raluVl (435 ulu 451-462) crala orqe eAHa Mouera or HoMr.rHar AI,l4 orHeonpeAeJteHo aTenI4e.
VII: 498/518 Ylll:518127I
IIEDI{ON
IIIIEDHOtr
IIIflen140lr
II-IIIneprroA.r
O6uo :aATEJIIIETO
06rqo 3a
ATCJIHETOAE
40/20t10
AE401201
10
AE40/20/
l0
AE40120t
10
AE40t20110
AE40/20t5
AE40120/5
Koucmnnntuuonon 2t(11/311\:
21(13/6t2\:
CI4 0 ro 1-4 -/v- 4t-/- otL/zCtr4 2 no 4 4t-/t 1l-t- 6l2l- 6t4t-CI\- 2/-t- 1t-t-
Huxottedun | (-l1t-\:CV O no 1-4Ctr42 ro 4 - t1, /-
Motenua 4uprlna4un e l-loee (Muzua Il) npet 378-612 z. CnLtunucmttxa u ucmopuvec<a uHntepnpemaqut 357
Aumuoxun (-/1/-\:Ctr4 0 ro 1-4CV2 to 4 -t1/-
O6qo sa flepuoAa 5(41-11\
2
fitlt-\12
,10121-\2
(21-/-\2l
(111311\23
(131812\
Ksv nepaoau VII-VIII cnaaa orqe eAHa MoHera or 5 HyMx, cerreHa B Koncranrunono.r.
lX:527-538/9
X: 538/9- 56215 IX-X:527-565
O6rqo :aATC.IIIICTO
Xa: 538/9-549t50
Xb:55112-56215
Xa-b:53 8/5 65
AE40/20t10
AE40t20t10
AE40t20t10
AE2OIl0 rpenr./
AF,I6
AV rpelr./AE40l20l
16/10Koucmuumunonon 31 (112811t-15\:CZ 0 no 1-4 51111 101111 -t-t1Ctr42lo 4 3l-/l 8t1t- -t-t1 1l-cv,- rl-l- 1t-t
Tecononuxa 7 (-l-l3l4l-\Ctr4 0 lo i-4 -t1t- -14Ctr42 to 4 -t2t-C.I4-
Huxo.uelun t9 (-l8l3l-/8\:CI4 0 ro l-4 1t 1t- 3l-17CA2 ro 4 -t-t1CV- 1t-/, 1/-/-
Koucmanmuuononrutu Haxoueduq
2l-l2t-l-l-):
Ctr4 0 xo 1-4Cl42no4 2t-t-
Ktnux 9 (-/8111-l-\:CI4 0 ro 1-4 4t1t- 2t-t-CI42 no 4 1t-t- 1t-t
Roucmaumunononunu Rusux
21-/-l-l-121:
CI4 0 ro 1-4 -t-/1Ctr42rl4 -t-t1
Koncmanmunonon,Hurunedun wuKrcux
2 (-t-t-t-t2):
Ctr4 0 ao 1-4Ctr4 2 no 4 -t-t2
Anmuoxua t0 (-l613l-11\Ctr4 0 no l-4 1^t- 31111
358 Ka.veu /{urturupoa
CI42no4 1t-t 1l1l-
Kanmazeu I (-/-l-l-lt]|CI4 0 ro 1-4C.I4 2 no 4 -t-/\
KoucmaHmuuuqHuv.ttlu cxa
| (-t-t-t-t1):
Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 -l-llC.V2no4
Pruu 1(-t1/-t-t-\:CI4 0 ao 1-4 1t-tCL42to4
Heonpedenenuameluemd
3 l-l-l\ l-17):
CI4 0 ao 1-4 -t1/-C.V2no4 -l-t2
O6rqo ra eprroAa l4(111112.}
4t(3111/3\
3l1/s/15)
3
Gll12\5
(1t4]l94
(115311414122\
Klrr nepuo4u VII, VIII xlu IX cnaaa oqe eAHa MoHera or 5 uyvu or HeolpeAeJreHa Mo-
HeTapHrrqa.
Krnr nepirogn VIII um.r IX cnaAar Ia 2 uose:rs or 40, 2 or 20 z eaua or 5 nyuu, ceuenz e Kon-craHTrrHorroJr, KaKTo eArra MoHera or 40 sF,rrr, ceqena e KoHcranranonor unz Hfi(oMeAHs.
XI:565-578
O6rqo:aATEJTIIETO:
XII:578-582
o6qo3aATEJII{ETO:
AE 40120/10/5 A,F.40/20t10/5 AF.40t20 AE 40120Roucmaamunonon 25 (18161-11\: 4 (2t2\:CI4 0 ao 1-4 16t4/-t1 211
ClI2 to 4cu- -11
Tecanouuxa t7 (-n7u-):Ctr4 0 no l-4 -t161-t-Ctr42 ro 4cV- -t1t-t-
Huxo.uedun 17 (15111-11\:
Ctr{ 0 ro l-4 1411/-l-C.V2no4 1t-t-t1
Rusux 5 (2t2t1t-\: I (I/-):CtrT 0 no 1-4 1l-C.I4 2 xo 4 -/-t|-
Anmuoxun 4 t4/-/-/-\Ctr4 0 no 1-4Ctr42no4
ivlonemuu qultxyto4ua e Hoae (lvlu:ta I I) npet 378-6I 2 z. C ntanucnuxa u ucmopuqecK.t uHttepnpemallt!, 3 5 9
HeonpedanenuQme.,tuema
| (1/-t-/-):
CV 0 no 1-4 1t-t-t-Ctr42lo 4CV.
O6lto sa neDrrona 69 40126l|l2l 5 (312)
XIII: 582/602 xIV:602-630/40XIIIa:582191
XIIIb:5931602
O6uro:aATEJIIIETO
O6uo :aATEJIllETO
AE40l20 AE40l20 AE40l20 AE40l20 4F40/20Koucmoumunonon 12 (6t6\: I (11):Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 6ts -/\CLI2 ro 4 1++/-cu-
Tecaryouuxa J t-lJ t:
Ctr4 0 ro 1-4 -ltC.14 2 no 4 -/2ctl-
Huxotuedan 2 (-12\: 2 (21-\:CI40no1-4 -12
Ctr4 2 no 4C.V.
Roucmnnmunononuaa Huxotwedun
1(-/1):
Ctr4 0 .uo 1-4 -11ClV2no4
Kutux 2 (1ll\: 2 (21-\:Ctr4 0 lo \-4 111Ctr42to4
Roucmaumuuononuqu Kusux
2 (-/2*):
Ci4 0.uo 1-4 -11
Ctr42 no 4
Aumuoxun 1(1/-l:Ctr4 0 ao 1-4 1l-C14 2 rc 4
06rqo sa nepuoAa 20 (7/r3) 2 (i/1) 23 (8/1s) s (s/-)
* Egna or NIoHeTLITe e ceqeHa B 5&4-602 B HeorrpeAeneHa MoHerapHr4qa rl He e BKJIIogeHaB HUTO eAI-tH OT flOAlepr{OAr4Tg.*+ Ceqena z 630140 r. Cnyvaitna HaxoAKa, HecnrypHa 3a orrpeAenrHe xpainara Aara rracrlrrlecrByBauero na Hoee.
"*+ Ceqesn 860213 lz.60415.****Ceqesu g 60718 g 611112 r.
Kslt nepllog X u ro-xr,cnrare or Hero crraAa r4 eAHa Mouera or 10 HyMri or HeonpeAeneHaMOHeTapHHqa.
360 KtLueu /Irtuuntpoe
Crxpoelrqa c 6porr3oBr.r MoHerH I, II u III:364/'78 1b:364118
unu 384/8IIb:
39215
IIIa:i 95/401
IIIb:40113
IVa-b:408123
HegaruPasra
O6rqo
AE3 AE] AE2 AE3 AE] AE3I
2 31 187 23 4 13 261II
11 llIII2 19 2t
,flTPYC
llrpruuHara ly6nanaqux He clAl,pxa AaHHrr 3a pa3[peAeneH]4ero Ha Mouerlrre rro are-
JIUCTA.
*Tpure AE3 or repuog Ib, rur GLORIA ROMANORVM tr4uleparop:;r Bnaql4 nreHHHK orHeonpeAeneHu arelrnera, Morar .4a nplrHaArre)(ar H K6M uperxox,nautir{ flepao,t (.364-378).
EArnlrrun MoHern:I: 378-388 II: 389-395
Ia:318t83
Ib: Ia-b:3 78/8 8
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IIa:389193
Ilb:39315
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AE2l3l4 AF2li l4 AF,4 AE2l3t4 AE4 AF.2/314 AE2l3l4Cucuun 1l1l- 2 (U1t-)Tecanonuxa -/-tr t (-t-t1) 2 2 (-/-t2)Xepaxne* 2l-t- 2t-/- I 5 (41-11) 1 | (-l-ltlKogcmaumuuonon 4t2t1 rl]l14 1 r4(st3t6) 13 3/-t- 16 (3/-13)Huxomedus 3l-l- 1 4 (3t-11) 4 6 (21-14)
Kusux -t2t- 3 (-lztr) 4 4t-t1 9(4t-ls)Aumuoxust -t2t- 2 (-l2l-) 1 1l- 2 (U-11)
Heonpeleteuuamanuem
2lv2 113+ l5 6 20(314113)
35 1 t1t4 39 (U1137)
0611o ea nepuoga 20(9t813)
2l(714110)
10 51il6112123)
60 l'l(11/1/s)
'77
(111116s)
III: 395-408IIIa:395/401 IIIb: 401/3 IiId: 406/8 O6uro sa areJr ero
AE3 AE3 AE3P*u 1 1
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Huxotredun 4 2 6
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Anexcandpua 2 2
Heonpedenenumeluem
120 ll 12 143
O6uo :a nepHoJIa 173 23 19 215
Nlorremua 4uptg,na1un e llooe (MLsun IT) npet 378-612 z. Cmanucmuxa u ucmap \ecKa Hnrcpnpema4lln 361
M08-,$25 V: 425-435 VI: 450-498IVa:
4081116?
IVb:416?123
IVa-b:408123
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16 19 6 4t 18* 3
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* Moner.rte ca ceueuu npe: III nepuoA Ha cneAperlop,r,renoro MoHerocer{eHe Ha Anacraclrii L** Mouerure ca ceqeHr.r e 539-548 r.*+* Monerara e ceqega B 544-565 r.Krlr repuogu VII, VIII unu IX cnaAa orqe 1 uoHera or 20 n)'r,rl, ceveua e KoHcraHrr{HorroJr.
HI4KOTIOJTIIC AI I4CTPYMEAusu.rnq NroHerrr:
VII:498-518
VIII:5t8-52',7
IX-X: 527-565 XI: 565-578
IX:527-53819
X:538/9-565
IX-X 5271565
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4L 40t20t10 AE 40120
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I t-/1 1l-
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I: 378-388 II:389--395Ia:
378/83Ib:
383/8Ia-
b:3 78/88O6lro saATEJIIICTO
lla:38919i
itb:igit5
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Kuzux -1111 2 (-/l.llt 4 4 (-14\Heonpedeteuuamatuenut
-t1t- -t1t2 7 lt2ts) 26 1 27 (1126)
O6mo :a neplrora 6 Ql2l2) 7 (11214\ J 16 t3l4l9t 39 3 42 (3139.|
362 Kantea lltLwt,rnpoe
III:395-408
IV: 408-425
V:425-435
VI:450-498
IIIa:3 95/401
II]b:401 /1
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AE] AE3 AE4 AE] AF,3t4 AE] AE4 AE4PuuRoucmnumunonon 6 6 (61-\Huxottedua 3 I 4 (4t-l IKnc ux 6 6 6t-\AumuoruaAnetrcaudnun IHeonpede,tenu
meluemd11 2 1 5 1e (18/l) 9 18 4
O6no sa rrenuofla 26 2 I 6 35 (34t1 l1 20 4
VIII:518-527 X: 538-565 XI: 565-578 XII: 578-582AE 40 AE 40 AE 40 AE5
Roucmanmunonon 1* 1
Huxo:ve)un I
O6uo :a rrepuoaa I I 1 I* Monerara e ce.reHa e 54415 r.Orqe egua lrorlera or 20 HyMu, ceqeHa cnel 538 r B HeorlpeAeneHa MoHerapHr{rla.
ECKYC
Eguuuunlr MoHeru:
II: 389-395IIa: i 89/91 IIb: 3 93/s O6ruo sa areJrrrero
AF,4 AF,2 AE2I4Puv 2 2 Gt2\Cuc4un 2 2 Gl2\Cup,'r,t uy,rt 2 2 Gl2\Tecanonuxa 3 3 (-13),Huxouedua 2 2 (-12)Kutux 2 2 (-t2\
lvlouenua 4ttpryta4ta a Hooe (ivltttut ll) np+ 378 612 z. Cnamucmttxa LL ucnropu4ecKa uHmepnpemo4un 363
Anexcnnioun 1 I 2 (1 1)Heonnedelenu flmanuema 1( 1/-)
06ruo :a rreDuora 14 2 16 (2/r4
B nrpnuvnara rry6:rr.lxaquq HrMa AaHHrr 3a eMI{cHa or 395-498 r.
VIII:518-527 IX-X: 527-565 XI: 565-578Roncmtnmunonon 6 3
H eo n p edene n u o merru e mfl 2 2
O6rrto :la nepuo.la ) 8
B nr,penuuara ny6nuKaqqt HtMa .qaHHu 3a HoMr4HaJra Ira MoHerHTe.
Idlrrupau a rr.rreparypa
Bernoe 1956: B. Benxoe. Berexxr.i Bbpxy coql4anHo-LlKoHoMrrlecKoro pa3BIITue Ha rpaA
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3 86
TPMI4IIIET O O C TPtrI'I BPbX KPAI,I OBIIEIIOJIIII4,rr43APAXrr{rUKO
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na Crrqr.Iucna CpegHa ropa (Eararuraee 1923,
9, 12; I{orrvee 1963, 8). Bc:srqnocr, rcnuoee-re ca fier na 6poii (O6p. 2). Pa:roloxenl.r caB rrpaBa pelHIIa oT ceBepo3anaA Ha loforr3Ton,(aTo nBpBHTe rIeTLIpI4 Ca CB6p3aIIr4 IIOMe)KAy
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n:gura Ocrpua nprx (513,9 u) - cpe4en noMecTonol1or{eHr.re H BToprr rlo Bucoqr.IHa cpeaOsqxre xr,rrN{oee (O6p. 3). Toii pasro ce or-KporBa B r\{acuBa rlo BBHrrrHr4r cu elr4. Ilpeg-cTaBr.rrBa c6BbprrreHo [paB]ilIeH BylrKaHl4r{eH
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ea 6unv rlo pa3n[rreH Har]HH or]eHeHr] E yru-nni paHH or o6urarc.nrre Ha pafioHa s vu-riaroro. Haii-paaHoro rrllcMeHo r.r3Becrue 3a
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roBa BpeMe craplr yrpeneHu o6exru e Cpeg-Ha ropa r{exAy perure 'foto:ruuqa u Crp.xr"ra(Illxopnun, lllxopnur 1885, 55 J\r 72). Cno-peg Koncrarnlru I4peuer, crrqoro "lpoc-TpaHHo fpaAl.Iqe" ce lleqga Ir:bpBa cnela orrof K:bM ceBep, MapKuparqa TpaceTo Ha cTaprr,1 roilro "nr,pex:r [paBo or Erpono:rcxul6a,rxan rpes llananopclto n TpaxHficxarapaBHr.rna, KT,M Morr.{JrHTe Koronrene" (tr{pe-sex 1974,398). <Daxrsr 3a ctrlecrByBaHeroHa pa3Ba;rr.rHr{ or "rar,pgana" Ha 3arraA orOeuenonqu e orrroBo norBT,p.qeu B KpaeBer-cnoro u3cneABaHe Ha flerr,p Kapanerpoe :aIlauarlopcrux xpafi. Tyr ca npraneAeTtu rr Bce
o le 6uTyBarqfi cpel oKonHoTo HaceJreHrae
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no1ned om tu2Banad.It.\*,.\ ,r.....'
O6p. 2. Oeuenottlu.Tonozparlcrca xapmaHA 3AM.ttUL4emO HA
ce1omo, c o3HaqeHue Ha
.Mecmo no,,l oiceHuemo Ha
epaduryemo.
+r,J- -)t!+it -lr.,'r I
O6p. 3. Osuenot4u.Ocmpun ept x, nozted
om n20u3moK-
388 Cepeei Top6tunoa
c I43BeCTITOTO Beqe I{aHMeHOBarIUe fl0pfeBo
ffioprrono] Kane, I'lBaH BaraKJrr4eB rrocoqBa ]r
Apyf BapEaHT rra TorroHHMa, c6AT,p)Kauf cBoe-o6pa3Ha orIeHKa 3a Marqa6lrre na cenrarquara
rf opua - ftopree rpaA (EaraKnr4eB 1923,36).Kparrure 6e:reNxu Ha fiaBen le:rupagen :aMHHaJroro u sa6erexurergocrr{Te B 3eMJrH-
ulero Ha Onveno;rqu He cr,A:bpxar HoBa LTH-
Soprlarlar (l[e:rupaaee 1953, 204, 230).Br,nperH r{ecroro My crroMeHaBaHe, rpa-
gurqero xpaii Oeqenorrlu ocraBa eHHrMa 3a
cnequa;rrrcrure .rar ao 1963 r., xoraro ,{H-Mnr6p LIoHqeB 3a npbB 116r rry6nuKyBa orl-r'rcaHr{e Ha pe .rcTpr.rpaHr4Te TaN{ apxeoJrofl4-qecKu crpyKTyprr, npr.rApyxeHo c oKoMepHa
cxnqa ua o6erra (I{ouven 1963, 63-65) (O6p.4). Cnope.q uero, ocraHKure npuHaa:rexar Ha
cpe.qHoBeKoBHa KpeIIocT, r.r3rpaAeHa Br,B Bpe-
Mero Ha lh,pnoro 6r:rrapcxo qapcTBo H pa3-
pyruelra H.{KonKo BeKa rro-KrcHo. Kpenocrrae c rroqrr.r r<prr:ra rlop,r.ra ir n:rorq onoro 10
AKa r'r 3aeMa nafi-ropuara qacr or KoHyca Ha
Ocrpnx nprx, rrapuqaH orqe lloru.rr<ute, a
no-psAKo Karero. 3arqurena e 6rlra c oKoJro-
BpT,CTHa CTeHar yABOeHa nO npoTex(eHre Ha
% or nepuuempa. 3[AT,r e errrnl{qen caNro
or Io)KHara crpaHal. Pa:cronnuero uex4yBhHltHara H 81, rperuHara or6paHure,tHa;rH-IrH.s e or 10 ao 15 M. Kpe[ocrHnTe 3r.r,{oBe
ca Ae6enr 2,10-2,30 M. lpaAexr,r e or o6IrK-
HOBeHr4 JrOMeHr.r KaMT,Hrr! MeXAy KOIITO UMaqaclr or ryxnr H KepeN4 nH. cnoeuu c 6rlxopocaH. Ornr,rpe :ugonere ca 6n:ru yxpere-Hr'r c Mpe)Ka or HanpeqHu I{ Haan6xHr.r AspBe-Hr{ rpeAr.r (caurpavua cucrerra). Hag:rsxuurerpegli ca 6u:ru rolroxeHu Ha oxoJro 0,30-0,40M HaBT,Tpe OT BbHIIIHOTO I{ B6TpeIIHOTO nr{qe
Ha 3rrra. 3ana:enn ca caMo Jrerlara vM, rrvg-
ro Brrcoquua Bapr.rpa or 0,12 go 0,22 u, nplruupoqr.rHa or 0,13 lo 0,20 u. KpenocrnarecTeHH Ca pa3pyr eHr.l Ao cbBpeMelrrroTo HuBo
Ha TepeHa. Texnure pyfiHI.I 3aA6pxaT rlp6c-TTa OT CBjrr.rqaHe IIO CKJrOra, KaTO O6pa3yBaT
go6pe o$oprreur4 xopu3oHraJrHll repacu c
pa3nr4qHa rur{poquHa oT ceBep, ceBepou3ToK
lr rl:rox ("noltuxz", oucgero uABa rr BapIl-
aHTHoro uMe Ha Kperrocrra). llpegnolara ceMecTouoJlo)I(eHl.ieTo Ha ,uBa Bxo,ua no TpaceToHa B:bI.ImHa'r'a KperrocTHa cTeHa - e,4LIHI.I'T B
ceBepo3aIIaAHaTa, a Apyrr.t.{T B rofol{3ToqHaTa
ir qacr C:scrosTrqero Ha ocraHKETe He e rro3-
Bonr4no ofipeaejU{He Ha TrxHaTa IupoquHa,r'ro u3pIIr{Ho ce cloMeHaBa, qe 3r.u5T oKoJ]o
TU.{ BXOAOBe e r{3fpaleH C rrepBeH XOpOCaH.
Mexgy Anara Kpenocrr{r{ 3uAa B ceBepHa-
ra qacr Ha Kpenocrra !. I{ouuee or6ers:gaeArrH HarrpeqeH 3ag, xoiiro cnopeg nero e 6unrrpeAHa3Har{eH Aa clupa HerprdTens, KofaTo
e ycrrsBan aa lrpoHr.rKrre npe3 ceBep03aIIalHutBXo.q. Kynu, rrerlrpr.r Ha 6pori, ca perucrpupa-Hr{ caMo rro BlHrrrHara KpenocrHa crena. Tex-Hure 3r4AoBe ca ge6e:ru or 1,20 lo 1,30 ,rr, aBlrperllrlliqr r.rM ArraN{ertp e 3,40 ru (O6p. 5).
lyx-rav, BT,B BbrpernHocrra Ha Kpe-nocrra, ca ce :a6e.[q:ea[H ocrauKlr or crpa-Au. TaKIrBa uMaJro a Ha caMlr-{ npsx. IIog-po6no e onucalr 4o6pe :ana:en pe3epBoap 3a
eoga, rotir:o r{ auec Jruqr.r Ha repeua (O6p. 6).Pa:nonoxes e na 15 u ceBepHo or ro)Klrr4tKperrocTeH 3rrA r.r [peAcTaBJUrBa rrpaBo6rBJr-
na nocrpoiixa c ATlnxr.rHa 3,40 lr, lnrpovtr-sa 4,20 v u rr,:r6oqana nag 2 u (4r,Horo e
|acHnarro e npbcr H crpohreneH rporu,rrn).3rlgosere Ha clopr,)r{eFrrrero ca c ge6e:raua
1,10 v. lpaAeuH ca or JroMeHr4 KaM6Hrr, cno-eHir c rB6pa qepBeH xopocaH. llo nlsrunoroLt BGTpeIUHOTO nM nr-iqe Ce BLIXAaT Tyxnelrl{nolrcu, cr'croqrl1a ce or 4,5 u 6 pega ryx:rn,Kolr fo re tlpeNrhHaBat rrper ur,rara ae6eLrnuaHa 3l4,qa. Tyxlare ca c pa3Mepr{ 0,32 x 0}2x 0,04 u, a Oyrure MexAy r-sx ca norrrr.r aBarlarli Ilo-rrrupoKr.r or Ae6enr{Hara nM.
Cr,o6rqana ce u :a pa:noo6pa:Hrr HaxoA-
KIr or reprlropnlra na o6exra, BKrlorrBaur4tlparueHrupana crpor{Ten}ra N 6r.rrona xepa-MH(4, )I(eJIe3IIU BT,pXOBe Ha CTpeJrrTr NrOHeTa
ua tr4oau I{r'mucxrz, KaKTo u MpaMopHa 06-porrna nnoqKa c a:o6paxeHue Ha Tpaxaii-crar rorrrr.rx2. flper 1966 r rpaauurero rpafi
r fhoqxma e logpo6Ho oflucaHa rr Aar].rpanaB IIbpBara rperxHa Ha Ill s. cr. Xp. a: Oppermann2006, 58, 344 Nr. 706.I Cera or ro:n :rl.q gfiulo lle rHqI,I Ha repena.
fpaduqano Ocmpta ep'ax xpai Oeaenoa4u, Ilasapdcrcuuxo 389
O6p. 4. Oeuenon4u. IInaH Ha zpadu?4emo no n. Qouaee (Itouuee 1963, 64, O6p 55)
O6p. 5. Oeuenonqu. nnoHole Ha dse om Kynume no ,4. Ifouuee (Qouues 1963, 65, O6p. 56).
390 Cepzei TopSatnoa
Oeuenorqr.r e o6rrBeHo 3a rraMerHur{ Ha KyJr-
rypara oT MecTHo 3HaqeHHe, KBanH(brrrtHpaH
Karo "cpe,qHoBcKoBrra Kperrocr" (frpNaeeuBecrHrKJ 6p. 58 or 1966 r)-
TepeHuure KoHcraraqali Ha A. UoH.reB 3a
A6nrc BpeMe ocTaBiu' MepoIaBHq B HayqHaTa
KHrDI{HI.{Ha, a, KaKTO rqe CTaHe {CHO OT TeKCTa
no-Iolry, H_{KoI4 or rrx [poar,nxaBaf Aa ca aK-
TyajrHrr r.r cela. flpeg:roxeHala oT Hero xpo-HOrOfU.recKa HHTepnperarlur Ha o6eKTa o6a-qe He ce npueN{a eAHo3HaqHo oT rIo-KT,cHr.{Te
rBcJre,4Bar{}r. Tara nanpuuep, MaKap rr 6e3 aaI{3T6(Ba Cepr.{O3HI{ apryMeHTI.Ij a CaMO BT,3 OC-
HoBa Ha (lopManeH apxxrer{ypeH aHajrr43, Ar4-wlm,p Oe.rapoe pa3rJre)xga B6HrrHu.{ yxpeneH
nogc Karo nprr\4ep ra KracHqccKa fiporcfixx?-Ma 14 rocTaBs KpelocTTa cpeA naMeTrrr4rlrrTe
Ha paHHoBlr3aHruiicKoro $opru$raxaquonnocrpoHrencrBo B 6BrrapcKure 3eMr.T (OBqapoB
1982, 53, 55). flo:oeanaiixl4 ce Ha ruqHfi Ha-
6:togeuur 14 Ha rarupoBxara lra 3uar{rlrelruaaracT oT HaMHpaHrrr Ha TepeHa MacoB noAe-
r,reH apxeonorurrecKr{ Marepuzut, Ilerep Coyc-TaJI Crrqo ce I{3Ka3Ba B fiOAr(pefia Ha Te3aTa 3a
parrnoernaururicKr.i.r{ nporr3xoA Ha Kperrocrraxpafi Oeveromln (Soustal 199 I , 3 83).
lipe: 2005 r craHa BT,3Moxno $opvrynra-paHI,ITe noTotaBa MHelIut a KoHcTaTauHI-I aa6r,gar nognoxenu 3a rrpr,B 116T Ha npoBepKarrpe3 MeToar4Te Ha norreBaTa apxeororux. BcaMoro r{aqalro Ha roAr.THara, 6e: cro6piu;r-BaHe cr.c 3anaJllrr.t re;rHara n no.todHu c,ry-qafi nporleAypa, nr,pxy Ocrpux eprx 6eueMOHTHpaH KOMylrr{KarI[OIreH peTpar]cnaTop.
I4rnrpureuNrr BnocJreAorBrre ofireA or cne-
ur4aJrrrcrrr or Ptr4M - lla:apgxur< ycraHoBr.r,qe 3a ocr{ryprBaHe }ra Aocr6fl Ao BEpxa 3a
Tpar{cfiopTr.rpaHe Ha cT,op:r,)KeHHeTo rrpeABa-
pHTeJrHo e 6u:r npoxapan c rex(a 3eMenonHa
TexHr4Ka r{epe H fi:sr c rllfipor{aua go 4 lr, npuKoero Ha HrKoJlKo vecra ca 6r.r:r r pa:pyrue-Hr.r 3HAOBe Ha [OCTpOiiKr.r (nXffO'rUre:rnO U
qacT oT KpenocTHaTa cTeHa) u e 6r4n u3rpe-6an r<y:rrypen n:racr c re6enulra or 0,20 ,qo
0,90 rrr. Oco6eiro roJreMrr ca noporeHr{rra B
naii-ropuara rracr Ha BT,pxa, KLAero apxeo-
JrofrqecKara cy6crauqlrr e rpaKTr.rqecru Ha-
rrr'nlro yHr.rulox(ena npr.r otpopv.nnero Ha lttr,r-
poxa xoprr3oHTaJrHa rr.rrolqaaKa oT roxHaTa urorolr3Toqrrara crpaHa, Ha oxo:ro 6,50 u orHai;i-sr.rcoKata roqra. Or u:o6pa:crrare q r3uAoBe, Ha u3rorBeHr.r.{ or ,{. IIoH.reB finaH,He e ocraualra r{ cJreAa. Kr,ll rpa-r ira 2005 rBT,3HuKHa Heo6xoAuMocr or 4oo6opy4eaueHa Beqe r4HcTaJIHpaHoTo peTparrcnaqtroHHo
c6op6xeHne c noA3eMeH 3axparrBa l eneK-
TpLrqecKr.r xa6el. Bnecenoro 3a clrnacyBaHee Htr4ilK rrpoeKrHo rpace 6eue KopurrrpaHo)c ofJreA cBe)r(r(aHe Ao Mr.lHtrMyM nes:6extrru-re lroBr.r pa3pyueHu.{ B rrepTr.rTe Ha apxeoJro-
fl4qecKur o6err. CnequalHo cBrrxaHata 3a
IIeJlTa MeXAyBeAON{CTBeHa KOMTTCHq [peA-rrrlca H3B6purBaHe Ha cnacnTe.[Ho apxeono-fr4qecKo npoyrrBaHe lro TpaceTo r{ B rrrl{pu-Hara Ha u3xorra :a xa6e:r Ha repl4Toprisra Ha
AeKnapupaH[s naMeTHr.rK rra hTnTypara, T.
e. B yqacTT,Ka oT nnoqalKaTa noA B6pxa AoKpenocTHxTe cTeHr.r B rrocoKa ceBepo3anaA,H TrocroqHlto ap\co rorr.rqecKo ua6,rrcgenueHa u3ltorllure pa6oru n ocraHaJlara qacr orrpacero (o6rqa gtJrxurra orono 1500 lr).
flpoy.reanero 6eure ocr,tuecrecrro 3a qe-
rnpn pa6orHra gulr, fipe3 nr,pBara AecerAHeB-Ka Ha AeKeMBpq 2005 rr (Top6aroe 2006a,264-265).I4:xonr-r B qeprHre na o6exra, yc-noBHo o3HaqeH CongaN A, 6eure c AT,nxuHa65 u n tinpovr.nra 0,40 u (O6p. 7). Toii sa-noqBalre oT peTpaHcnallr4orrlroTo cT)op[xe-HI{e r.T Ce ClycKaIIIe B fipaBa nr.rHr4q o cKIoHaIIa Bb3Bl4lrreHr.rero B ttocoKa 410 ceeep-cene-po3aIIaA. llo qrroro My rrporexeHr.re lra A6n-6o'ruHa or 0,20 .qo 0,50 M or rroBbpxHocrrace Aocrr{rHa Ao crtzllrHa noqBa. Ha 31 M ceee-po3aIIaAHo or HaqaJrHara roqKa 6eme peruc-rprrpaH eAHonriqeB nolfiopeH 3r.rA, r{3fpaAeH
or crloeHa c 6x:r xopocan JroMeHu KaNIBHII r{
nprrcrpoeH (6M Hr.rcbK cKaJIeH BeHeq. Br,npe-Kq [peABapurenHr{Te osaKBaHru{- 6a:llparquce Ha clcraBeHrrq or A. IIoH.{eB rrJraH, It3Ko-nt,r npeMHHa [pe3 Ha]rr,nHo o6e:nu.{eHllte
3 B npoyvaaHero e:exa ylacrue Etl.rna I4eauona(norropauT no apxeonorur or HE9 fi Croau leop-mee (xpaeneg, crrpyaHuK Ha Pl{M fla:apgxux).
J-padtalemo Ocmpun eptt xpai Ootenot4u, lTasapdlctuuxo 39t
ocraHKr.r or cy6crpyKur4.sra Ha caMo eIHa (!)KpelocTHa cTeHa, KosTo e 6Ena npece.reHa
npr4 npo(apBaHeTo Ha r{epHr-Ir 116T KT)M BBp-
xa. OcraHKI4 or ra3H creHa ,qo6pe nuqaxa B
uKaprla Ha rr6Tr ceBepor.r3ToqHo oT KaHaJIa.
Tx e c ge6e:ruua 2,08-2,10 Nr r.r Hocu xapaK-TeprrriTe 6enesu Ha KT,cHoalrTrrqHoTo 0opTn-$uxaquouuo crpolrreJlcrBo. fpageHa e nolr.eroqa opus implectum, Karo JIEqara ca orrro-foJreMrr nonyo6pa6oTeHr.r (aMBr{u. Xopo-caH6T e 6Jrn, c nprrMec Ha Ape6Hn napqeTa
cqyKaHa cTporITeJrHa KepurMr.rKa.
flopa4lr ronelrur HaKJroH u [nr.{TKo p:r3-
[oJ]oxeHaTa cKajra, KouTo He ro3BojrsBaT34"{bpxaHeTo Ha rrorrBeH rrnacT, HIiKBAe IIonpoTexeHHe Ha rr3Korra He 6eIIre yctauoneua
orserJrr4Ba crparrrrpasrrj{. cr,6pafluxr apxe-oJlofHrrecKrr MaTepr{an AaTr4pa oT pa3nHqHH
ncToprirlecKu elroxH - KT,cIIa )(eJUI3HaJ pIrM-cKa. KLCHOaHTHTTHa CpeAHOEeKOBHa (Ha ii-o6rqo X-XII r.).
Korr$vrypaqu.ara Ha repeHa r.r noqBeHr.rre
oco6euocru (crpBMeH croroH rr nlrlrrKo pa3[o-roxeHJ rRhp/,lr \4arepHKoBa cxara) npelon-peleJr \a u3B6lrxBaHe qpei pbqeH crtoco6 rau3Korrrrrrre pa6oru no rpacero rra Kalralra rra
nporel(enr.re or oKolro oiqe 200 M rr3Bblr rpa-Hurlrrre Ha apxeolrorrrrecKr.r;r o6err. B roeacBoeo6pa3Ho rrpoAlnrltenr.re na Cosnarx A(A') 6erle ycranoBeHo, qe Karro npe3 KbcHa-
Ta aHTr.rrrHoc! TaKa r{ [pc3 cpcIHoBeKoBr.reTo,
3oHara Ha o6ura.nane ce e flpocrr.rpana u nocKroHa Ha ceBepo3alaA B Tepv'topusra extramuros. Tyx, Ha oKo;ro 100 v or KpenocrHara
cTeHa H HeIIOCpeICTBeHO 3aIIalIHO OT ItOCJIeA-
uara, nail-uucxo pa3lonoxena rpyna Kanapn,
6eure orxpuro KoMrraKTHo crpynBaHe or Kbc-
Hoa H rrlrHa noKprJ BHa r(epav H Ka He .a. r',r6o.rH-
na 0,30-0,40 M! norrrr4 Auperruo BT,pxy cran-Hara ocHoBa. Or roea M.{cro npo[3xo](Aa H
orpaHur{eHo Konuqec'rso 6Hrosa KepaN{LIKa orclrqlir [epr4oA. llog crpyreanero or norprB-Ha KepaMHKa u BT,pxy cltaJlaTa l4Marrre TSHEK
IrJracT oT lerrej] rr l]apqeTa )(eJ]t3Ha IrIJIaKa.
flo nc.xra eepo-aruocr craBa AyMa 3a ocraHKrr
or nocrpoiiKa, B xoJrro e Syurquoriupa,ra xe-ne3apcKa pa6orrrnHHrIa.
C:reg npuxrnvnaHe Ha I43KorIHI4Te pa-
6orli 6eure npeAnpxer orneA Ha y(pelenaraTepr{Toplrt Ha Bspxa Ha nb:slxxeHuero. vc-TalIoBeHa 6etue orqe:musa pa3JIIlKa B TeXHU-
KaTa Ha fpaAe)I( Ha BT,TpeIIIHaTa U B6H[IHa-
Ta yxpeneFru nrrHIlH. BBHnHIT.f,T 3uA e cr'c
cxo,qHa Ae6enr.rHa Ha Beqe ollucaHlrt (2,05-
2,10 n), Ho rpaAexGr My e B opus incerlum
14 MHoro [o-rpy6, Karo HapeA c KaMbHI'ITe
flpr4 o$opM.sHero Ha nrillara 6e:pas6opHo ca
BKJI1OqeHI4 pa3nLIqHLI rO fOJIeMr.{rIa KGCOBe
crporare JrHa KepaMr.rKa (ryx,rn ra KepeMIiAu),
a H3non3BaHl4tr ra cnoiixa xopocatt e 6tn L1
poHnHB u cbAT,pxa eAT,p rltc6K. IIpu o:na-rrer{ara Ha [J]aHa I{a {. I{onuen }otol43Toqua
ErnoBa hT:ra rcHo Jlr{qu Kol{crpyKTunHa QyraMexAy BT,TperrrHara II BT,HIIrHara KpeIIOCT-
Ira creHa. BcuqKo toea cBr4AereJlcrBa! rle renpHl{aAnex(aT He caMo K'l)M pa3nlttIHIi cTpoI{-
TenHr{ Ilepr;ro,4r,r, Ho Beporrr'ro fi K6M pa3JIHq-
HI{ HCTOpHqeCKr{ eloxr.r.
Ha caMu-f, BpT,x, B ceBepHa Irocoral He-
nocpe,qcrBeHo roll "manKara" oT BanyHIl,6xxa xoucrarnpatru orqerJrl4Bu c;Terx or I.r3-
hTcTBefir.I u3cliqaHHt B cKajraTa - LIAeanHo
otJraAeHr'r BepTuKanHu rrJlocKocTI4, npeur{3Ho
orf opueun r,mrl, xre6oee (O6p. 8). 'l'.flxHoro
npe.4Ha3HaqeHr{e r{ xpoHonorr4t ca Henc}Ifl.
O6xoAen 6eute x c6ceAHr4tr x6JrN{ B
TororcroqHa fiocoKa or Ocrplrx epsx. BtpxyManKa repaca Ha r43ToqHu.f, My cKnoH 6erlepefrrcTpr.rpaH npeceH r{^,raH{pcKr{ Lr3Kon c
gr,r6ourlHa Ao 0,50 rv (go cxa:rua ocHoBa), B
KoiTo ce Ha6nroAaBaxa MHoxecrBo OparMeH-Tfi OT K6CHOaITTHT{Ha nOKpIrBHa KepaMrrKa.
Oc:sulecrseHoro B Kpas Ha 2005 r. crracl,r-
TenHo apxeonorurrecKo npoyrrBaHe B qeprllTe
r'{ r43Br,H yKpeneHaTa TepI4TopI4.[ Ha rpaAI4rIe-To Kpaii OBqenonqu npeAocraBr.I BaxHr4 AaH-
HH 3a H3qcHrBane o6ruara xpoHonoru-s Ha
o6eKTa, Ho c:brrleBpeNreHHo TIoBALITHa pe,q[{aBT,rrpocli orHocuo HeroBara $ynrquonarnacsrqHocT r.{ [pocrpaHcTBeHo pa3BrrTl4e upe3
pa3nuqHxTe KoHcTaTupirIIE r{cToplzqecKI-r ne-puogu. C qen Aa ce HaMeprr 3aAoBonr{TeneH
oTfoBop Ha ttoHe rIacT oT Tsx, npe3 lteceq nrafi
2006 r. 6eure npeAnpuero HoBo repeHHo rpo-
392 Cepzei Top6amo6
O6p. 8
O6p. 6. Oeuenon4u. Ocmauxu om sodeu pe:sepeoap.
O6p. 7. Ocueno,ttlu. Coudstrc A.O6p. 8. Ocuenonlu, Crcanuu u3cuvaHut a zopHama qacm Ha Ocmpu:t epz,x.
fpadu4emo Ocmpua 6ptt Kpaii Oeuenon4u, lTasapdtrttutxo 393
yrlBaHe, KoeTo uMalue coH,qaxeH xapaKTep4
(Top6aron 2007, 390-392). Cxponruvrr pa:-Mep Ha ocurypeHoTo onHancr{paHe [o3BoJrgnocneAoBaTgJrHoTo 3ajlafaHe B paMKIITe Ha
17 pa6ornir 4nli na rpu coHAzu(a B pa3nr.IrrHuqacru Ha yKpeneHara Tepriropr4r. llpeAnuafoJrrMaTa AeHr{Benaq t Ha TepeHa r{ JrurcaTaHa Ar4per{THa BTTAHMOC! 3a TOITHO OTrrr{TaHe
Ha pe3ynTaTr{Te 6elre cl:lAa,ueHa cr.rcreMa
oT feoAe3r4qecKu pa6oTHr4 TorrK[, npHBsp3a-HU KT,M eArrHeH 3a O6eKTa rleHTpaneH perrep
(llP) c nagN{opcKa BucoqrrHa 507,765 r,r (noEarrrlfi cxara eucoqlrHHa cucrelra).
Conrax E 6erue cnryupaH B r.GToqHararracr Ha BlrpemHrr-s yKpeneH no.rc (cuope4nnana na {. I]onuee), nanpevno a Herrocpe/l-
crBeHo r{aBbrpe or Kpenocrnara crena. C:re-
Ar{ oT carMaTa cTeHa He Jrullaxa Ha noB6px-Hocrra, Ho Bbnrurrnrr pr,6 ua orfopurzrarace cneg neiinoro pa3pyrrraBaHe repaca tcHooqepraBarrre neiinoro rrsKoralruo rpace.CoHgaNr,r r{Maue pa3Mepu 10 x 3 u u oplr-elrrarlr4r 3anaA-r.r3ToK, c 220 orx:rogenue Ha
roror{3ToK. Tepensr B HeroBure veprn 6enec Aenr.rBerarlrir 1,72 w or 3aTra.q KT,M r.r3roK
I,I BKJIIOqBaIIIe eAHO |OI.TIMO XnT,TBaHe B UeH-TpanHara roxHa rracr. C figx:rro.reHne Ha roro-3anaAHr.rr bIBn, hTnTypHI{Te HaIIJ]acTqBaHr4t
6xxa r.isvepnaur.r Ao Marepr.rKoBa cxana (O6p.9). YcrauoneHu 6xxa rpr.r Oa3rr r{a o6raraeaHe
- eAHa KbCHOaHTrrqrra H ABe CpeAHOBeKOBHU
(O6p. 10). Bt rpexl.r HaJruqr{ero Ha MnoroHaxoAKr.i or IV-VI 8., .{cHo r43pa3eu rrJracr orKbcHoaHTr.rirHara erroxa He 6eure ycrauoneu,rlii xaro npu )xrrnrrqHoro crpourencrBoc-rreA HoBoTo 3acenBaHe Ha TepeHa npe3 cpeA-Hoeexoeuero rofi e 6un no.rrlr naec-f,KbAe r{3-
rpe6an 4o cKana. K6M Ta3r.r t|a3a na o6nra-Balre c6c cIIrypHocT ce oTI{actT oTKpr{Tr.rTe
B r{3ToqHara vacr na Con4ax B ocrasxu orKperrocTHa cTeHa rr KoHcTpyKTr4BHo cB:bp3aHa
c Her rrerr4pv6r6nHa ('/) Kyna, ir3AaBaqa ce
rroA rrpaB T,rbn rrpe.( $poura na or6paurlren-Hara mH\lfl (O6p. 1 1). Te ca gaua.gesu cauo
a B nero yvacreaxa apxeono3ure Crorrra Hr-naroea r4 Jlro6xa Togopoea or PtrlM - fla3aplxxK H
uux. Buraruii Au4peee.
n cy6crpyxqux, cr'crorrla ce or pa3nuqHr4
no foJreMuHa JIoMeHr{ KaMtrHI{, cnoeHI.r c rJrrr-
ua. Cy6crpyxqurra Ha KperrocrHus 3IiA e
noAfpaxAana Ira ToBa MtcTo cKaJIeH BeHeII.
Opuruna:ruara Ae6enr.IHa lra 3rrAa He Moxa.{a ce ycraHoBH. rufi xaro r oii- xarro H cer,p-
3aHaTa c Hero KyJra, ca 6uru ,4eMoHTLIpaHrr
rrpe3 cpeAHoBeKoBr{eTo Ao HIlBoTo Ha cKaJr-
Hrrr BeHerI. fl:racrrr or pa3noxeH xopocaH,
IIOKpI{Barq AeCTpyKqHnTe Ha KSCIrO aHTIiTIHI4 -
Te yKpenHTenHu c6op6}(eHris, rroKa3Ba, qe
HaA3eMHI4Te I{M qaCTLI, a UONe 6r U fOp}IaTarracr or r.sxHara cy6crpyrqur, ca 6a:ru rpa-aeHrr c xopocaHoBa cfioiiKa.
Cnope4 npn4o6Irrux apxeororl{qecKI4varepHan. cpcaHoBeKoBHor o o6r.rTaBaHe Ha
repeHa, I]onaAaul e rpauuqrre na coHIa)I{ E,
cJreABa Aa ce oTHece K:r,M nepuoAa oT BTopaTa
rroJroBuHa sa X .qo KBM Kpzur na Xl/saqalo-ro na XII e. Perucrpupanz ca .qBa xLIJIUTIIHII
xopu3oHTa, orqerjrr4Bo MapKupaHlr or pa3-
rroJroxeHl{ Ha pa3nnqHl{ HLTBa oTor]Jrr{TeJIHr{
c6op6xeHus (o6rqo rpu ofHr.{rqa r4 ocraHKI{or e.{Ha neq). 3acenBaHero Ha xtirMa rrpe3
cpe,4HoBeKoBr'IeTo no BcrKa Bepo-{THocr ce
e Ar'nxano Ha Bce orqe,4o6pe 3ana3eHuTe ufapaHTr{pauIH oTHocrrTeJrHa crrrypHocT ItT,c-
HOaHTI.iTIHII yKpenItTenHI{ Cr'Opr'xenU.r. Br'nBceKr.r cflyqafi, n6pBr'{Te cpeIHoBeKoBHr.r 3a-
ceJrI{EIILI Ca Ce yCTaHOBITJII.I IIMeHITO B rlepTlr-
Te Ha K6CHOaHTr.rqHaTa 3a IUTeHa repATOp[S.3anapenr.rxr KynrypeH nracr e 6ul u:rpe6a-u
Ha Mecra Ao c(aJIHa ocHoBa, KaTo HepaBHo-
cTr.ITe B HeS Ca 6UnU 3anr,nHenu c rpau6ona-Ha npr,c! Ape6HE KaMT,Hu a rrpernrrolr3Barra
$pannreuru or crpourenua KepaNrr4Ka. Bropa-Ta Sa3a Ha cpeAHoBeKoBHo o6rzraeaHe e 6ararrpeArnecTBaHa oT rlnar{oMepeH AeMoHTaxHa 3ana3eHaTa AoTofaBa cynepcTpyKrluq EaKBCHOaHTfirrHr.rTe yl(pefi raTenHrr c6op5)KerrH{
B ro3r4 ceKrop. Br,prry uxrara cy6crpyKqr4te 6u:ra asrpagena rroJryB(olraHa xI.iJILtIrIHa
nocrpofixa, Ha Ko.sro rlprrFlaaJre)r(ar ocraH-KUTe OT pa3KprrTrrq B u3TOrrHaTa rIoJIOBI.iHa
Ha coH,qaxa e.uHonrrrleB o6,'rarloe:r,'reH gr,IA c
u3AaBarqa ce HaB6H or Hero rerl (O6p. 12).
3ana4no or roBa x${m{rIe e 6uno o$opMeHo
394 Cep?ei Top6amoe
lw,(h .uo
. "l
ffi 'o!q^-.. otL9
tt<rJ.ffin (€aa r
O6p- 9 012
v./ )7 L. ...1A
ffi: I:trsEs [Eo 012
O6p. 10
O6p. ll O6p. 12
O6p. 9. Oevenonryu. Coudatr E. Iltau. ,\ezeuda: I rcaut'uu; 2 myx,tu; 3 ovepmauun Ha inamepuKoaacrcana; 4 ontynteua a'ruHeHa 3a, tasKa.
O6p. 10. Oeuenonqu. Coudatr E. Ceeepeu nporlun. -aezeuda: I cueo-uepua npt'cm; 2 ceemnorca(taeanpt cm; j muttuorcaQnea nptcm; 4 xopocau; 5 cueo-xaQnea npbcm c MHozo KCLwtuuu; 6 npt"cm c
xarttenurcae 4enm; 7 nenenuea nptcm; I xauuuu; 9 uamepuxoea crcana.
O6p. lI. Oauenot4u. Coudacr E. Ocmauxu om xt'cHoaHmuqHama KpenocmHa cmeHo c kyno.O6p. 12. Oeaenonryu. Coudalc E. Vacm om cpedruoaexoeuo crcunuu1e.
[Zeffio
@r@)z
NNr@luEls
f'par)uule no Oc npua cpbx Kpaii O.Jue nanl lu, 17 asapdtctnuro 395
rroBo xoaoBo Hr.rBo, r.r3AurHaTo c 0,20-0,30 ucnpsMo rrpeaxoAHoTo. TaNr 6eIIIe pa3q cTeHo
otHHlIIg, orpaleHo c orryrneHu JroMeHH Ka-
M6HH, Kpaii KOeTO r{Mafire KOMIaXTHO CTpyn-
BaHe oT cpeAHoBeKoBrra 6rrToBa KepaMr{Ka rz
MHOIO XI,IBOTI{HCKI] KOCTH.
CougaN B 6eue:a:roxcH Ha ceBepo3a-
rraAHrir cKJroH Ha x6jrMa, yclropeaHo u Ha
oKono 2 M ceBepoH3TorrHo or CoHAalK A or2005 r., ral,r, K!.qero npu npoxapBaHero Haqeprrl4.{ nbr KbM Bbpxa e 6ura qacrlr-rHo
pa3pymena Kpeflocrrrara crena. CongaNlrLIMaIIe Abn)KuHa 7,50 u H Inupoqr-iHa 2 M u6eure pa:rororreu rrarrpeqHo, or Br'rperrrHaracrpaHa Ha 3r.rAa (o6p. 13).
B crparurpat|cru nrau, u ryr 6rxa peru-crprrpaHr4 rro3HaruTe ne,re or Congax E rpr.r
$a:u na o6uraeaue, uail-pannara or Koltro ce
oTHac,{ KT,M KT,CIIaTa aHTIIT{HOCT L{ e CB6p3aHa
c [bpBoHaqanHoTo yKpenrBaHe Ha xbJIMa Iz
H3rpaxAane Ha BtrpelrHara uu$pacrpyrry-pa B 3arllrreHara repuropur (O6p. 14). Ha-npeqHo Ha KpenoclHhr rur 6eue pa3KpI{Ta
ceBeporr3ToqHara crpaHr-iqa Ha nxog c o$op-Mer{ oT BTirrrrrHaTa cTparra MacrrBeH nI.IJIacTT,p.
lhznacrrpr,r crecHqBa fipoxoAa c 0,50 M. lft-fpaAeH e B KoHcTpyKTuBHa BpT,3Ka C KpenocT-
Hara creua r.r e 6xn [peAHa3narrer{ Aa npr-rKpr{-
Ba ocra Ha BT,prrrqa ce Bpara. Or er,rpeuruaraMy crpaua e r.r33uAiru rrpat ur{poK oKono 0,50M. B fio-fopnara qacr or fpaAerxa Ha nnJrac-
TBpa lr crpaHrarlara Ha BXoAa e 6u:r npunoxeur{er pr4peAoB TyxreH rosc (O6p. 15).
l[npovmara Ha BXoAa He 6eme ycra-Honena, r'rfi Karo ryK e noroxeH rro,q3eMeH
eJreKTpl{qecKrr Ka6en c BucoKo HanpexeHLIe.
B eglru no-rcrcer nepuoA BxoAEr e 6ran rpe-npaBeu c rpaAex( or KaMTlHrr, 6rl poHllrexopocau fi fiaprlera or ryxnli, nofiro er,sc.f,-
Aa ocTaHKr.ITe oT pa3pyrrleHn.s rro ToBa BpeMe
fil{nacT6p. crpoureluara TexHI4Ka u Br{AT,T
Ha I{3IIOJI3BaHI4Te MaTepllanll AaBa OCHOBaHI{e
,qa ce rBsp,{u, qe BtrrpocHoro frpeycrpoiicreoce oTHacr K5M cpeAHoBeKoBueTo, KaTo rrpe3
rrero BxoAr,r e 6un enuuauapau (O6p. 16).Or nr,rpelrrara crpaHa Ha BxoAa, ToqHo
B JII{HHjI CbC CeBepOr43TOrrHaTa My CTpaHrrrlal
6eue pa:rpmo .nlrlle Ha crpyKrypa, H3rpa.qe-
Ha B KOHCTpyKTr4Blra Bp:b3Ka C KpenOCTHaTa
creua (O6p. 17). Tr lrr'la eu4 ua n:rarSoplra tr
ce c6cTolr oT pa3AeneHu c HepaBHoMepeH xo-pr.i3oHrareH 6anrer cy6- lr cynepc'rpyKlut,BCflKa OT KOr{TO C Br4COrrUHa O 0,40 rrl. /{'Sn-x{rrHara i{ e 2,10 rr, a urupo'rHHara il 6erue
npocneAeHa na 0,80 ,v. Brpxy n:rarQopltara6.rxa pasvucrenlr ocran(u or ryxJreH rpa,qex,
or KoiiTo e 3ana3eH carvo r{ai-.4olgzsr peA, B
Tpr.i peAr{r-lu, oT JII4IIeTo Ha KpenocTHIiS 3UA
HaB6rpe. Tyxnme ca KBaAparllr{, c6c cTpaHa
0,30 n lr ae6enllHa 0,035 r,r. Ha6pa:genu ca
c,{uafoHaIHo pa3lroJIo)KeHLr npT,cTHI{ JIHHI{U.
Br,pxy rax uMa rl:racr or xopocan c Ae6enl{-na 0,05 lr, uag xofiro :rr.rqar orneqarblll4Te Ha
Tyxnr.rTe oT fopHr.rs peg. I{xrocrHli.rr n:rart
14 pa3Nrepu Ha cT,op1'xeHrleTo, KT,M KOeTO
flp rrarJ'rc)KH onhcaHara crpylrypa. He 6rraycraHoBenrr. To o6aqe Hecr,uneno e 6u:tocBbp3aHo c noBrrrrraBaHe erlenrr.reuoctta na
or6paHara Ha pa3nonoxeHr'r.r ryr nxo4. floBC.SKa BepOTTHOCT CTaBa AyMa 3a rrponyfHa-RyrryM, HaI{ rofiro ne e u3KJrroqeHo Aa ce epa3BHBana u MarKa BSTpeinHa rra,qBparHa
ryla. HenocpegcrBeHo roror.r3ToqHo or npo-nyfHakJnyMa, r{e){tAy Hefo u pa3Kprrn { ce
B rofofi3Tor{Hlit Kpaii Ha coHAa)Ita HaKIoHeH
cKaJreH Ber{eq, 6eure pa:wrcteHa qacr or na-
BupaHo ynulrlro Tpace c lllflpoqr.rHa oKono 3 M.
Vnaqara e c:reqnara Ha ceBepou3ToK rrocoxa-Ta Ha KpenocrHara creHa. flasaxr, r e c Le6e-Jrr.rHa .qo 0,30 u a [peAcraBn.{Ba rpaM6oBaH
IIJIaCT OT Ape6HU nOMeHr4 KaMbHr4 H qaK6JI,
nojrolKeHrr Bspxy noKpr.iBarqa MaTepr {oBaTa
cKana cTepr.rJrHa rrpscT c uepen qur. HagrraBaxa 6eue perlicrplr paH rrerreJrr.{B rrJracr c
4e6eruna or 0,12 .(o 0,20 u, cr,grpxarq ua-TepI4anLI CaMO OT KbCHara aHTrrqHOCT.
flpes nropara Sa:a na cpeAHoBeKoBHo-
TO O6r.rTaBaHe TlXneHaTa cynepcrpyKlllrt Ha
lporrymaKyjryMa e 6Hra Halr,nHo AeMoHrr4-paHa, a cbqecTByBan\4qT TyI( lro-paHo BxoI e
6ra:r :a:ugan. C oSopuu;roro ce HoBo xoAoBo
HHBO ca CB6p3aHrZ pa3rrr.rcTeHHTe BT,pry cKana-
TA B IOTOH3TOIIHI,I' KPAiI HA COHA I{A OCTAHKI,{
oT Hafi-AOnHara rracr Ha '{Ba HefojreMrr Aonuy-
396 Cep?e Top6amos
.lffi
L_fi
kErE=.
t3rE, ffic
VZ1)1 t -.:J4€2 Lr-:J5
NsEe
O6p. 15 O6p. 16
O6p. 17 O6p. 18
O6p. 13. Oeuenon4u. CoHdffitcu B u f. IIraH.O6p. 14. Oeuenoryu. Coudactc B. Ceeepeu npoQtn. "Uezeuda: I cueo-uepua npbcm; 2 ml'^4HoKafuttsa npbcm;
j nazawea npucrn; 4 uepua cmeptuua npbcrn; 5 xyMyc; 6 ttcumo-seneua znuHecma npbcm; 7 rcauanu; Iftyrx,,tu; 9 nasmrc (dpe6Hu na teHu KaMbHu u uat<u); I0 cxana; Il xopocau; 12 xouml4n na zpadanc.O6p. 15. Oeuenonqu. CoHdffi B. Cmpauuya ua exod e rct cuoaumuquama KpenocmHa cmeHa.
O6p. 16. Oeuenonqu. CoHdauc B. Cpeduosexoeuo npeycmpofrcmso Ha sxoda.O6p. 17. Oeuenonqu. CoHdffi{ B. Ocmauxu om nponyzHakyny 4a.
O6p. 18. Oeuenonryu. CoHdairc B. Ocmauxu om donuyuu om cpedHoaeKoaHue macm.
@z [EroL=le L-,!11L-b:le I t-I2
I' r tu
rlir,lr
o12
fpaduq eno Oc mpua Gp'bx Kpai Oeqe nonyu, flasapd:trctttuno 391
Ma, KOTTTO Ca 6r.Tnlr yxpeneHl-i npu nocTaBsHe-
ro r.rM c rrJracr 6xn xopocan (O6p. 18).
3a aa ce aor{3rcHflT oco6eHocrr.rre Ha
$opru$lrr<aqlrouHoro crporneJrcrBo B Ta3uqacr Ha fpaAurqero, Ha 2,60 M ceBepor43roq-
HO OT pa3r{pHTaTa B cOHAa)I{ B rr3rorrHa CTpa-
HUrIa Ha BXOAa 6eIUe 3anOXeH HOB COHAaX fc AbJrxuHa 3,15 u r uilrpo-ruua 0,80 ru (O6p.13). Toft 6eue pa:noroxer{ or B:BHrrrHara
cTpaHa It no IrpoTexeHr.{e Ha KpeI]ocTH}t{ 3IlA,
KoilTo Ha roBa M.f,cro ce oKa3a 3arla3eFr Ea BI.{-
coqr4Ha Ao 1,80 ru (O6p. 19). llonoNeu e gr.i-
peKTHO B:r,pXJ MaTepUr{OBaTa CKara, KO.{TO rOBpeMeTo Ha cTpoexa e JIexaJIa ryK eABa Ha
oxono 0,20 M or roraBarrnara rroBbpxrrocr.Ilopagr.i ra:rz npuquFra tpaAe)KT,T e xoMore-HeH, 6e3 o6oco6eHri cy6- n cy epcrpyKr{ru.Kanro eeqe 6erue or6err:auo, opnrrrHaJruarage6e:raHa Ha KperrocrHara crena e 2,08-2,10rr. lpa4eua e no MeroAa opus implectum, c
rrpeaBapurenHo oQopM.tHe Ha nI4IIa u 3a[r,jr-BaHe Ha npocrpaHcrBoro uexgy rxx c 6:ro-xax. 3a cnoiixa e H3rroJrsBaH rurpg 6xr xo-pocaH c np]{Mec ua $parqur oT cTpoHTeJrHa
KepaMr4Ka. Br,lrurgoto :rtaqe e o$opnreno csccpe,qHor one\4r'r 14 roreMn egHocrpaHuo o6pa-6orenr.r xanr:snu, IrolraraHr,I ct,c crpeMex Kr'M
[]o-roAe cna3BaHe Ha peAoBa 3H.qapl4-[ (O6p.20). OyrHre ca AorrurnrrreJrHo o6rra:anu c
xopocaH or cBulnr Br.rA. fIoAo6eH, Ho or no-
Ape6uu KaMbHr4, e fpaAexbr u Ha Br,rperlr-Horo Jrnqe. flpunoxenara rexglma 6u uolraAa ce onpeAenu Karo "o6narcpoAeu" opttsincertum.
llo rpacero na:r4la-xcHo Jrr{rlu o-KacnanonpaBKa. rrp14 Korro ca urnolrsarrn npe6-HH roMeHh KaMbH!4 H pou,rre 6r,r xopocaH
6e: ryxren npl{Mec. flonpaBxara e qensraBs3CTaHOBrBaHe Ha pa3pyIIIeH yqaCTT,K OT
KpenocrHara creHa, Karo nonoo@opuenoroBIHITIHO JII4IIe Ha:Uga e "Xlrr'tUalo" C 0,10 AO
0,20 rra cnpruo rr,pBoHa.IaJlHara Beprr{KanHa
rrlrocKocr. Crpyrrypara Ha rpaAe)(a r.r Br.rAa
IIa u3rIOJr3BaHrrf XOpOCaH Ca U,qeHTEqlIH Ha
Te3r4, perncTprrpaHu KaKTo rrpr{ 3a3HxAaHeTo
Ha BXO.4a, Ta(a I,I IIO qtnoTo rIpoTexeHIIe Ha
BT,HrnHaTa KpenocTHa cTeHa. oueeuguo rpe-
ycrpoiicrnoro rps6ea Aa 6r'Ae orneceHo KBM
enoxaTa Ha cpeaHoBeKoBheTo.
Ha ono:to 5 Iu lr:roqHo or coH.{axa u[ptt6ni4 3I{TenHo Ha 7 M or B:r'HmHoro nItIIe Ha
KperrocrHut 3LIA 6rxa perzc'rpupaHrr trpu or-nea H a repeH a HejHaql.ITeJI H t4 oc Ta H KH OT Cy6-
crpyKrlr.Irra Ha Apyr 3rlA. Tofi ce lpoc:reg.reaHa A:blrxr.rHa oxoro 5 u. Bur e ycnopegeH ua
KpeIIOCTHara CTeHa Ii [O fpaAex e HanGJIHo
rrAeHTIrqeH Ha Hex. Ha rorosana,q a ceBepon3-
TOK H.f,Ma HEKaKBI.T nOAaTKr{ 3a [pOAT'nXeHI]e
Ha BT,IrpocHI4t 3lIA. BepotrHo HMeHHo re3u
ocTaHKr-I ca AaJIH Ira BpeMeTO OCHOBaHZ e Ha
.[. I{ouuen aa npeArronoxu HaJrl,lquero Ha
ABOeH KpenOCTeH 3LrA rr OT CeBepo3arraAHa-
Ta crpaua Ha rpaAurIlero. B c:ryval o6aue
oqeBfl.lHo He c]aBa nyMa 3a flporeiixtl3Nla. a
rlo BctKa BepotTHocT 3a ocTaHKlI oT qeJrHaTa
cTpaHa r{a pa3pyrreHa qeTr.ipLIbI-T'nHa Kyna fiaK,t.cHoaHTr4qHara Kpenocr. nonodHa Ha pel -
crpr4paHara B Cougax B u geuourllpaHa rlpllrrpeycTpoiicrBoro Ha To3I{ ceIOOp OT Kpe-
nocTHaTa cTeHa npe3 cpeAHoBeKoBHeTo
B xoga na fipoyqBaHr4-,{Ta Ha rpaAllulerorpaii Onueno:rqll rpe3 2005-2006 r. 6elrenpugo6lc pa,:noo6pa:en apxeororfiqccKlIMaTepI{aI c pa3nr.rrrHa xpoHojrofuqecKa aT-
pH6yrIus.Kepa,wuxa. Kepaurtrvnnxr MareplraJl
cbcTaBrqBa Hafi-MlrofoqucJleHara rpyla Ha-
xogru. Toii o6aqe e e cl4nHo 4)parMeHrl{paHBrrA, KOeTO He TTO3BOJUlBa BT,3CTaHOBfBaHe Ha
qenn oopMu. Oro:ro % or no.{.qaBaulire ce
Ha IroBeqe Itrrl [o-MarrKo cr{rypHa uAeltrr]-
rfuraqu.r $panr,renru ce orHactr K6M cpeA-
HOBeKOBr.rerO. IIO reXiro:roru.rnu 6ele:u,rloprtaa u yxpaca, orpoMHoro MHo3I4HcrBo orT{X npor{3xox,qaT oT c6aoBe, npuTexaBalqr{
xapaKTepllcrr-rKlrre Ha KepaMurrHr4fl KoN{rIrIeKc
e 6r,nrapcxure 3eMI{ npe3 nepuoga XI-XII e.
(Eopncon 2005, 86-93). llpeo6:rasana o6nx-HOBeHaTa KyXHeHCKa LI Tparle3Ha KepaMHXa C
Bpr3aHa r.r MFroro o-ptAKo Ir3n6cKaHa yKpa-
ca. llpu ulxou or ctAoBere 3a cbxpaH-sBaHe
na rpogyxru (aennz) ce ua6;rtogaBa rlo3Haro-
TO OT Apyfr'I Meora peAyBaHe Ha Ir3IlBCrpeIIll
c Bpr3aHa yKpaca xopu3oHTanHI;I Eo{c}I u pe-
398 Cepzeii TopSamo6
O5p. 19. Oevenottlu.Coudatr: f.
O6p. 20. Oeuenot4u. Coudacr f.Kucuoaumu.rua u cpeduoeercoeua
mexHuKu tta tpa)e,N .
l-padut4eno Ocrnpun splrx Kpai O6eenon4lt Ila3apd){uaxo 399
ne+i{n neHrn c sMr.rqxr4 (llanrona 1992, 1I4-115). Maxap cpaBHnreJrHo HeMHoro6poiiHu,3acBr{aeTeJrcTBaHr4 ca r{ o6pa3ux Tparre3Ha
KepaMrzKa, unrocTpr{pa4r{ ApyfE xapaKTep-Hri 3a nepuola ,qeKopaTr.{BHr4 TexHr{Kr.r IIo-KpLITI{e CbC 3JIaTIACTa UnLr qepBeHa aHlo6a,plicyBaHa c qepBeHa 6ox yxpaca, HaHeceHrr cr{erxa uerHa 3eJreFlriKaBa freqJ rlalocrua 6e:-IIBerHa r4nr.r 3eJreHnKaBa rna3ypa. CueqaanHoTpr6Ba Aa ce or6enexrr o6aqe, .re cpeA npr{-Ao6r-tus. u aHanri3upaH Marepr{ar H{Ma Hr.rro
egun rlparuenr crparhrro KepaMrrKa, a r.r 3a
nogo6nu HaxoAKH or repuTopa.sra Ha rpaAH-rqeTo 3acefa HtMa HHKaKBH cBeaeHr.rt.
OparveHrure, Hocetqr{ 6elegure ga xe-paMuqHo'fo polr3BoAcTBo oT npcAxollHll{cpeAHoBeKoBeH nepr4oA (IX-X e.), ca :uauu-TenHo IIO-MajIKO. Te lpOl.i:xoNgar npeILIM]Ioor rr,pHera c Bpq3ana yKpaca. K:sv ra:u xpo-EororuqecKa rpyna naii-eeporrno cneABa nace oTHecaT u Har,IepeHr{Te rreTupu l6rra c pe-ne(bHn 3HaLIr4 (O6p. 21).
Kr,cnoauruqnara KepaMuKa qyBcrBr4-
TeJIHO OTCTbIIBa Ha CpeAHOBeKOBHaTa IIO KO-
JIIIqecTBO. C)r.{acru ToBa ce I'IJIxI,I Ha BerIe
or6er.fl 3aH[Te reoMop(bonoxKr.{ oco6eHocrr.{(ronxlrra geuaRerarlfis, T6HEI< rIoqBeH rrJ]acrI4 nJrr.rTKO pa3IIOJrOXeHa CKana) fi Ha r{HTeH-
3r.rBHOTO O6IITaBaHe Ha C6IIIIITe TepeHrr npe3cne.qBarrlru IIcroprirrecKr.l neprioA. or gpyracrpaHa, caMara cneqn$r.iKa Ha pa3Kpr.rrrireB COHAaxxre cTpyKyplr oT Kr,cr{aTa aHTr.rq-
HocT (eneMeHTu Ha oT6paHuTenHaTa cHcre-N{a r4 KoMyrrr4 Kaur4oHHa nr{Hrrr) He rrpeAno-nafa AerIolIHpaHe Ha re3u ttecra na u:o6r.r-les 6uron MaTepr4an B HopNranHu ycnoBrrt.B u:cne4naHlu KoMrr;reKc npaBlr Bneqarre-Hr.re He3HaqrrTe.rH[s npoqeHT Ha Tpane3Ha-Ta KepaMuKa, KaKTo r4 TBTlpAe OCe3aTeJIHOTO
rrpr{cT,cTBr're Ha cbAoBe 3a cbxpaHrBaHe Ha
nporyKTr.r (ro:reua ge6elocreunlr tGpHerarr aonrzyM14 c pa:luvuu pa:trepu).
Bupexu Jrl4rrcara Ha anexBareH KoH-TeKcr, Ha repuropurra na o6er<ta 6rxa nave-peHr{ Hrr(onKo KcpaMr4qHu rfparureHra, rourocBIiAeTencTBaT 3a qoBerlrKo rrpr{cbcTBrre noTe3H Mecra rr B no-paHHll npelreHa. Bcluxu
Te rrpor43xo)Klar or Cou4ax A, or Haii-ropHa-Ta qacT Ha ceBepo3analHrrt cKJIoH Ha xT,rMa.
Tpu or ux ca or rpy6u, Sopuoeauu na pr,ra
,4e6enocreHHH rT,pHera c pe:re$na nruypo-Br4AHa yKpaca, Aarupaqu or xr,cHaTa xerrr3-r{a eroxa. lpyna 4na 1|parr.aeura ca or Kepa-
Mr{qHu ctloBe, u3pa6oreHr{ or tfuno npeuuc-TeHa DIrrHa H no(pI{TI{ C qepBeH JraK, KO';ITO
HecsMHeHO Ce OTHaC.{T KbM pr.{MCKaTa efioxa.
C zaeHruqHa $axrypa u Aarr.rpoBKa e r{ eArrH
fipe IneH 3a BpeTerro, HaMepeH naK TyK.
Haxumu. Maxap e rroBeqero clryqau3ana3eHl,t caMo BbB $paruenrapen nug, oro6erra nporasxox.qar IreMaJIKo IlaKurH z aK-
cecoapu sa o6rerro.Cr,c curypua KbcHoaHTIirIHa Aarr.{poBKa
ca eAHa su6yna a rpu $pamlenra or roKr{.<Du6y,ra ra e 6poHroea. c o6lpHaro Ha3an
Kpaqe 14 c Kyxr{rrKa aag npyxurrara (Xapa-rala6ueea 1992, 133, rnr X; Xapa:ralr6raeea1994,39, run XVl; fen.reea 2004, 56, run20a) (O6p.22). Br,npera npeAnaraHara orH.SKOU aBTOpU IO-IIIEpOKa XpOHOJIO|IIiIeCKa
paMKa, To3u rlrn e xapaKTepeH 3a VI 8., Karoynorpe6ara MyJ c peAKI.I rr3KJrloqeHnr, ce
orpaufirraBa .qo Kptur Ha BeKa (fenueea 2004,57). tr4 rpme roKrr ca orJreru or 6pon:, c ax-ypua yKpaca. llpegcraeenu ca ABa BapriaHTa
r.ra go6pe r43Becrnrir rr4rr Cyvu4aaa - c nsp.r-3ar{ Kptcr Ha rrrroqKr{re (Teodor 1991, 118.
tipul I, I, b) u uaii-neporrHo ctc crunu3rlpa-Ho MacKoBr{AHo r'co6paNeuze. Hafi-o6rqaraAATIIPOBKA IIA TOKI4TC OT TO3II BIIA C 868 BTO-
para nolroBr.rHa sa VI n. rr nlpBrzre ,[ecern-:rerx-s sa VII e. (Xapalalr6uena 1993,37).
Cpe4noeeroennre HaKr4Tr{ ce ctcrosrTOIITI.I I.i3KTIOIiUTEJIHO OT CTbKJICH'I H METAJI-
Hu rpueuus. Crr,xrenrlre ca eAHorrBerHr4, r.,r3-
pa6oTeHLI oT nacra B pa3nr4rlHr.r HroaHcr{ Ha
crrHr-rr rlBrr. Ilpeacraeeuu ca ABa ocHoBHrr
TI4Ira - c Kplrrlo cerreHr.{e (,{onveea-llerrona2005, 100, run I eapr4aHr A; froroB, Arauacoa1998, 111, run 1) N crruparroBrAHo ycy(aHx
j Cpe4noeeroruure HaKnrr,r or o6erra ule 6r,-
nar npeAMer Ha orAerHa ny6luraqu.r, noAforBrHaor jlm6ra To4opoaa.
400 CepeeiTop6amoe
.::-: f ; :,.:'--\ 4
ll :lii ,'J\'i'
O6p.2l. Oeuenonqu.PaneQuu tuaryu u,pxy duua uacpedHoseKosHu cbdose.
,fi
fillll .
1
U" O6p. 22. Oevenon4u.KucuoaHmuuua
rlu6yna.
O6p. 23. Oeuenonrytt.
Cp e dto eexoeu o opb Jrcue :I-3 eupxoee na cmpetu; 4np omuroKal ane puicru tut m.
fptLduulenrc Octnpua epb\ Kpai Ocae oullt, llasapr)ttctuuxo 401
(,{onveea-llerxoBa 2005, 102, rrln 1l; froron,.Aranacoe 1998,117 ,rurl3). tr I eguure, u gpy-rure ce cpcrqar ts rrlrpoK reorparfcxra apeairHa EanKaHflre npe3 rrepuoAa X-XII, gopu uXIII e., Ho ce cqrrar 3a oco6eHo xapaKTep-
Hr.r 3a XI n. (lou.reea-llerxona 2005, 102).Mera:rnute tpHBHr4 ca rrpeAHMHo or 6pon:,neru, c BprBaHa reoMerpuqna yKpaca. flpel-cTaBeHr{ ca pa3nLIqHLI Tr.rloBe I{ Bapr.raHTr4
- II.1, II.2, II.4, iII u VLI no nnacu$uxaqn-sra Ha B. fpuropoe (lpfiropoe 2007, 68-70,72-73); I,II u XI no roracl.r$uxaqrura ua JI.
!ouuena-llerxona (flonuena-flerxosa 2005,108, 112). Pa:npocrpaneuuero Ha BcrlrtKr.r
Trx e 3acBr.rleTercTBarro B nepl4oAa oT (patsa X ao XII, a 3artrrt III no fpuropoe (XI lo{onueea-flerxora) - u npe: XIII r. Hauepe-Hlr ca u ,uBa Qpamrenra or rpuenu, u:pa6o-TeHI.i OT TEHKa MeII.Ia IIIaCTrrHa, C aIIIHI{H-pana rpu:rurpanHa yKpaca l,t froBT,pxHocrHorocpe6prnaue. EAr.rucreeHara cpeAHoBeKoB-
Ha pevlqHa anJrr.tKarrut e or 6pour c Io3r'la-ra. Crcrou ce or Kyxo quJruHApar{rro rfro cBfpaleHo B Hero naprre TT,MHOcfiH.f cT:t KIeIIanacra rI HHt ra 3aKpeflBaHe. e-upx1 roiiro e
3arra3eua 6e:(topr,rena ruail6a.Bzop'otrenue- Orxpurure npeAMerr-r
Ha BoeHHur 6ur se ca unoro6poinn. KTvTa3r.r fpyna cnaAaT qeTupr.I B6pxa Ha cTpejrl-r
u rrporl.iBoKaBa-lTeprdicru rrlrtl, Bcurrxure orxerc3.)_
Canro egun or BtpxoBere Moxe Aa cecBrrp)Ke c KlcHoaHt HrlHHr nepnon ua o6erra.
,{lrNuaara uy e 3,75 cu, a tf oplrara lry e
6unupaungamrar c qerr.rpr.rbrr,nHo ceqeHrre,KaTO eAHaTa OT CBCTaBHT{Te qaCTI-I e npI,I-6:lrlsurerHo .qBa rr6TH no-Abnfa or Apyrara.lloAo6nrl BtpxoBe ca orKpr{rr.r npu pa3Korr-
xure Ha nplrHrlutrv.flTa Ha racrela Cocrpa n
.{o:rua Mu:ul rpaii c. Jloueq, TpoxHcxo), n
rrJracroBe or IV s.6
Ocrana,wlte BlpxoBe Ha crpenu .qar{paroT cpeAHoBeKoBrreTo r{ lprrHaqnexar K6M pa3-,ruunu x-nacrzrf r.rxaqr.ioHHr.r rpynr{, TtrrroBe H Ba-
6 Heny6,raxyaanr20Q2-2004 r.
puaHru: rpyna I, run 3, napranrB (rBycreHnu!TpnsfT,Jrr{E! c rr3BuTr.r HaB:r,Tpe paueue); rpynaII, rnn 1, sapuanr B (ntrorocreuuu, Tpr{creH-
Hr{, c B.qn66Harr{ crpana); ri rpyna II, rl.rn 2,
Bapuarrr A (unorocrennu! qerr4pxcreHHli, cnrun) (lloroe 2004,2'7 -29) .I4gnongeauero nN{
e 3acBr4rerelrcrBano or VIII-X ao XI s. Ia Ha-
cer He (O6p. 23 1 -J ). flpo r H eoxacanepu i:ic Kut r
lrurr e KoBaH r4 ce cT,cTor{ oT r{eTnpfi paMeFIa,
3aBsprxBarlr{ c rprrbfsnHu ocrpxera (o6p. 23
l). Pavenara ca pa3rronoxeHu rog eIIHaKBH
BrJrr.{ B Tprrr.Br{epHoTo npocTpaHcTBo, TaKa r{e
lpr4 Bcq(o rrojro)(eHHe Ha npeaMeTa eAHo oT
ocrpuerara My coqr{ npaBo narope. llogo6utrHaxoAxrl ca H3BecrHr.I or Ilepnux rr or ApyrlicpeIHoBeKoBHr.{ ceJrlr Ia B 6r,nrapcxr.rre :eva(llanrona 1992, 179).
fipyzu nnxodxu. Or o6erra npou:xoxgarpa3nHqHu xeJIe3HIt npeAMeTLI, KOUTO B rroBe-r{ero cfiyqau ca cr{rrHo Kopo3upanlr u ge$op-MApaHr.r - cTr.{Jryc, urna! MHo}r(ecTBo cKpenu-
TeJrHu elreNreHTr,r (rno:4eu, cxo6u, nrunone).HavepeH e caMo e1r.rH Qparvenr or crbKlrer{crn (ycrue or rr,rrKocrerrrra rralra c yre6erenycrHen pr,6. BeporrHo or paHHoBr4raHTH ii-cxux lepnog). Or oco6en rrHrepec ca ABe
6e:lxogrexcrnu Haxonxlr or pHMcKH.fl nepr.r-
og. Egnara or rrx e or Congax A n npe71cra-
nllna rfparvenr or paMxa Ha o6poqHa u,roq-ra, a:pa6oreua or 6rn Ape6Ho36pHecr Mpa-
rrop. ,{pyrara e HaMepeHa B rrpoAsnxeHr.rerona CoHSax A lo ceeepo:alaAHlrr cxiror{ Ha
xT,JrMa, r{a oro:ro I 10 M HaB6H or Kpelocrr{a-Ta cTeHa. OtHogo craea,qyMa 3a $parueHror o6povua ruroqxa or 6xr gpe6rro:rpnecrupauop (O6p. 24). 3ana:ena e 4onHara cpeA-
Ha qacr, c paMKa u n4rr,6uaro r.r:o6pa:arel-no none (gr,nxuua 1 1 ,5 cu, eucounna 8,5 cv,Ae6eJIHHa 3,9 cu). 3aguara crpaHa Ha rtnoq-(araHee o6pa6oreua. Pauxara e cr upoqu-Ha 2,'7 cM, orKrAero 3aroqBa cKocrBaHe KBNr
u3o6p,Br.ITenHoTo [ore! qI{'ITo MaKcr{MalHa
abn6o.l {a clprMo rrJrocKocrra Ha paNrKara
e 0,84 cu. 3anaseua e gonHara qacr or H3o-
6paxeHuero. lrpeacraBeruo Acr,rennii e 1t-lrSf xuToH, o6refHar Ha rorfa, oKoro Ko.sro e
yBr.rTa 3MHr.npoyrrBaHr4r Ha aBropa or
402 Cepzei Top6anoa
Mouemu. !o uaua:roro Ha apxeonofuqe-cKfiTe pasKorrKJ.r or rpaallutero 6erue HjBecrHacauro egna "vegna NroHera or Zeau I {lnrucxu(969-976)" (I{onuen 1963, 64). OqeeuaHocraBa AyMa 3a aHoHr{MeH tfoluc rnac A,- Bnpoueca Ha npoyqBaHnrrra 6lxa Ha,vepeHH
orqe 39 lroneru: 1 e CoHaaN A a 1 n ueroeororrpoAT,nxeur{e (A'); 19 n ConAaN E; 6 e Con-
lax B; 4 ro 3arraAHus cruron; 6 no ceBepHu.{
cKr'loH. BbH u B Herrocpe[crBeHa 6JrH]ocr orTpaceTo Ha KT,cHoaHTrrqHaTa KpenocTHa cTe-
Ha; 1 no roror43TorrHr{s cruron; I ro u3Toquuq
c(noH, BBH OT yKperreHaTa reparopfi.f .
Or ConAax E npou:xoN,4a e,{Ha 3ne 3a-
na:ena 6pon:oea MoHera or gpe6eu nolru-uar (13/14 ur,r; 1,60 r) c eeporrHa Aarr.rpoB-Ka B cllalrucrriqecKara eloxa. Haanacr.rre ca
Har6JIHo ll3rrr4qeHu. Hescno e u u:o6paNe-Hxero BT,pxy peBepca. Bspry aeepca go6pe
nNvu o6:spnara uaarcHo MbxKa rrana c 6yii-ua roca ll 6paga.
Or prllrcrara enoxa garupar 2 eK3eMrrr.{-
pal orKpr'rru c:suro 6es xoHrexcr e CoHAaxr 6.14 gnara [puHaAnexar rr,lr 6pon:ono urone-
Tocer{eHe ua fJeyrry,lr. Moserure ca ropeJrH-
Egnara or ux, vraiiro peeepc e cr,BceM o6e3-
JrHrreH, e or MaJrbK HoMHHaJT (11119 r'rw,3,20r), orceuen or r{N{ero na uuneparop Maxcu-nruu I. ,{pyrara MoHera e oT toJLrrM HoMLIHaTI
(22,5123 vu; 7,10 r) u ce ornacx K:bM npo-
AyKUr{rTa Ha aTerr}reTo B foAr.rHuTe na ynpa-
n:renuero na lopArraH III (,{paraHoe 2006, N!130s-1311).
Kr,uropuucroro uoneroceqene or IV-V n. e rpegcraneno c 15 erseNdnrr{pa or naii-.qpe6Hure N{eaHu HoMaHairu. Ilopaglt :rolra3ana3eHoc! IloBerleTo oT Ttx He rloA.rrexar Ha
rorrHo orpeAenrue (Ta6:[rr1a I ). Haii-pauHtt-Te Aarrrpar or neplroAa 330-335 r., Fro Hoclr6eresure Ha npoabnxlrrerHo yrlacrfie B rra-
pnrrHoro o6prrqenue. 3na.{urerHo npeo6:ra-
aaBaT eNruc[r.rre or BTopaTa IronoBli]Ia Ha IVri Haqalroro Ha V e. Crerna .qa ce or6e:reNu,qe N{oHeTH oT HacTo.s IaTa xpoHojloll{qecKafpyna ce HaMIrpaT KaKTo B rrpoyqeHure qacrrr
oT yKpeneHara repfiToplrt, TaI(a u B 3oHaTa
exlra muros no ceBeprrfi.{ u 3ana,4Hu.s cKroH
Ha x6iIN{4, HO He Ha IOJITMO OTAaJIeT{eHIIe OT
KpeIIocTHuTe cTeHH.
Ha c.regperf opnreuoro MoHeroceqene orpaunoeu:auruiicxrr-s rrepno,4 nplrnaalexar 6
et<:;eN{nnrpa or lpugo6urul HyN,rr{3Marurre}r
Mareplrarr (Ta6nuqa 2). Bcuvru re ca MeA-
Hr.r, oT pa3r'Il,rqeH HoMuHaJr. Tpu or ux ca orynpaBneHuero Ha r.rMneparop K)crunuan I,2 - or roea sa IOcrus II, a eAsa e c Hercua
AarrrpoBKa B paMKHre na VI s. Hait-xr,csaraMoHeTa, rBqBalIIa ce tertninus post quem 3a
o6uraeaHero Ha fpaAr.rqero npe3 (TrcHara
aHT[rrHoc! e 6u:ra orce.]eHa n Tecalonuxanpez 57 4157 5 r.
Ocrarrarure 15 er:eurrrpa ce orHacrrxr,M eugauruiicKoro cpeAHoBeKoBHo MoHe-
ToceqeFre or BTopara rronoefiHa ua X,qo xpasHa Xl/Haqanoro na XII e. (Ta6nuua 3). Onre
erlHa MoHera (auoHl.rueu So.nuc xnac D) e
6zna nauepena e Har{aJroro na 2006 r or xr.r-rer na Onveno:rqa rro ceBep03ana,qHlrt cKJroH
Ha xTrJrMa, BT)H OT yr{perrgHaTa TepUTOpr4S A
HenocpeAcrBeHo xpafi rpacero Ha r43Ko[a 3a
xa6e;r. Karo ce HMa npeABr4A u cr,o6rqenu.tor .{. I-{oHuen ex3eMrrnrp, fipelcraBer]a e
noqrfi urnar a ra\fa Ha BniaHThficxor o velHoaHorrrrMHo MoHeToceqeHe oT BTopaTa nono-surra rra X u XI B., c r.t3xJrroqeHrre Ha KnacoBe
I, K, L u M. llo4o6na napruua cBh)lerencrBa3a peIoBI.ro nocTstIIeHI.Ie Ha rlapuqHa Maca rice cperqa caMo B [o-3HaquTe.]IHIITe BOer{HO-
a"4MI.iHl.ICTpaT,IBHII II CTOnaHCKLI qeHTpOBe OT
Ta3u erroxa e 6rlrapcrare gerdu. Haii-xrc-HaTa r.BBecTHa 3acefa MoHeTa oT tpa4.Ilqe-To7 e or N{eAeH HoMHHaJr, rrpr4naAnexarrl Ha
c:regperlopueuoro MoHeroceqeHe Ha IIN{rre-
parop AlexcHi;i I Konnus or neprzoga 1092-1118 r
Crfrpazucmuuuu ntuvemHurlu. B xoga napa3KonKure e CougaN E 6lxa Ha'r,lepeuu 4eanaverHrKa la cpenHoBeKoBuara g raHtnii-cra cSparucruxa. E4l.inuxr or rrx e Herr3-
rroJBBaHo t,{po 3a nerraT c gnaver:sp 15,3/17
7 Mosetata He e HaMepena B yKperreHara repn-TOpX.qr a no LSTOrrHI4q CKIOH Ha X"b'IMa, Ha OKOJIO 20M OT BbHtxHaTa KpenoCTHa CTeHa
lpailw4emo Ocmpua ept'x rpai Oetenot4u, Ilazapdt:uuro 403
O6p. )4. Osveno t4u. @pas.ueum
pm o1poqHa nnotrKa c
u3o6pa)rceHue Ha Acrctenu .
1
43O6p. 25. Oeuenonqu.
CQpazucmuuuu naMemHurlu : I - 2ndpo 3a ne,tam; 3-4 nevam. 5
CM
404 Cep?ei Top6anos
N{M rr le6errr.rHa 0,35 cu (O6p. 25 l-2),aypy-rutr - oJroBeH rreqar c lpraMerrp 14,6117,4MM rr c:srqara ge6e:runa (O6p. 25 3-1). OrIBere crpanu Ha [er]ala ,rrvar Helo6pe ra-na3eHLI rIeTUpLIpeAOBr.r HaAnIZCLIT IIONteCTeHI{
B 3p6HqeCTr4 Kp6rOBe:
JI. +. .
RAC N.OOIKEON
OrI. +..ol
K EAAAtoC
larupoerara na rreqara e uafi-o6rqo e:rnBropara no:roBrrna na XI e. Toii e cKpenBa.J'r
rHcvo. 3npareHo ,qo HrrKoro or o6u rarc,rn-re Ha Kpefiocna or e raHr ficrH caHoBHhK
c paHr r.rMrreparopcxr.r nporoclarapufi , xoilroe 6ur gonepeno ruqe (oireioq)S Ha r{KorroMa(oirov6poq) Ha reMa Eraga. Zuero na ca-HoBHrrKa He e 3aJra3eHo, Ho cflopea 6pol naJllrrrcBarqr.rre 6yxeu (2, uoNe 6u 3) ro rie Aae 6uno froan raru I(oucranruu. Tooa e egnn-crBeHl-iqr r{3Becrerr gocera cr}parucrlrveu[aMerHr4K! e xoiiro ce cnoMeuaBa Brrcoxo-
noctaeeuara $r.rHaHcoBa An6xHocr "uxonorr.r
Ha reMa Enaga", unaue a3BecrHa or lrrrcNre-
nnte usaopv e.
llpoyunanrurra na rpaglruqelo rpafiOa.reno:rqu npe: 2005 u 2006 r- r4Maxa rBbp-
.{e orpaHuqeH o6xBar. llpr4 Bce roBa! ocr'-rqecTBeHr.rTe B xoAa Ha pa3KonKHTe TepeHrru
Ha6nloAeHIi{ u crparurpa$cru xoHcrararlr{u,B cbrreraHue c npLIAo6IrrLIt noAeMeH apxeo-JIOfUqeCKIi MaTepuan, AaBaT OCHOBaHT{e 3a
$opuy:rupane na Aocrartrrrro flcHu Lt3BoAH H
3 3a ra:n ceoeo6parHa uHcrnryqur r.r HeiiHaraponr BbB Bu:aHrriicrara rNlneplar Bx.; Verpeaux196s. 89-99.
eTyx e uxcroro.qa 3Kaxa orpovnara cu 6ra-ro-napHocl na r-n ,[rvarrp CrorrNreHos. hoiirooTAeJrr{ MHO|O BpeMe Ha pa3qnTaHeTo u npenJroxl4IONIeCTeHaTa B TeKCTa HHTepnpeTauUt Ha TO3U 3JIe
3ana3eH, Ho TBbpae t{r-rTepeceH raMerHrK Ha Br,r3aH-
ruiicxara cQpalrcruxa.
3aKJIlOr{eHr4t. KOI4TO 3aAOBOnUTeTHO U3.{CHS-
BaT UCTOpUTTeCKOTO piBBr4TEe II CbtqHOCTHa-
Ta xaparTepucrr.rra ga o6erra [pe3 pa3nuq-H}ITC EIIOXH.
Haii-panume Marepr{anr{ or rpaAr4tqeroxpaii Oevenonqr{ Aarr.rpar or KtcHara xe-r.s3Ha enoxa. Te ca creceN{ lralo6poinu aHe Mofar na ce ornecar rr,M o6oco6en Nz-nlrueH xoph3oHr- roiiro e 6nl parpyrucurrpr.r HqBenarlr4oHHu pa6oru, cBbp3aHr4 c no-KlcHoro o6litaeaHe Ha repeHa. Tesu lrare-pua:ru o6a.re HecbMHeHo cBulere-lrcrBar 3a
enu3oAr4qHo r{oBellKo trp[cT,cTBl4e Ha TOBa
M{cro npe3 BTopara noJloBzua na I xul. np.Xp. Bcrurcr HJ\onKH npon;xoxqar or uaii-ropHara uacr na Ocrpnn Bp:r,x, oBeHqaHa coto;reHl4 BynKaHI,IqHr{ cxarfi. Karro se.{e6eure cnouelraro, B Te3rr cKaJII.i) or ceBepHa-Ta crpaHa lra B6pxa, go6pe nt.rar MHo)r(ecrBoI43hTCTBeH1I I.I3CLIqaHI{q C HeSCHa AaTHpOBKa.3a nogeqero or r.sx c ocHoBaHue cJIe,qBa Iace AonycHe, qe ca c KoHcTpyKTHBHO npeA-Ha3HaqeHr{e u npeacTaBntBaT ocTaHKI{ OT
rroMerqeHn.s, lt3rpaAeHrr [oKpaii cKannLrr Be-HerI H rracruqHo BcerieHrr n nero. 3a 4pyruo6aue, xaro HanpfiMep ealiH AT,Jrr,r r.{ rrlr4poK
xopr43oHTanerr yneii c ycnope4ua HeMy rBHKaBpr3aHa lunar, u:grn6aHr.r B culrno HaKJIo-
HeHa cKaJra, He Moxe Aa ce rraMepl{ HrrKaKBo
rroAxoArrrqo yrlrnrirapHo o6rcuenue (O6p.26). 3a cucrra Ha roBa, nogo6nu crpyxTy-pr ca go6pe Tro3HarH or MHoxecrBo Mecra B
npene:ure Ha lpenHa Tpaxaa u c:LcraBJUrBar
HeorMeHr'rMa uacr or llnQpacrpynrypara Harpaxlriicrrlre cKaJIHr4 cBerr.IJII4ula or KT,cHara
6pou:ona enoxa llacerHe, Ka(To a Ha rexHu-Te TIO-AanerrHll flpe.qxonHl,Iqu oT KbcHu.{ xan-ro,'rurr0. BylxauurrHu.{T Konyc Ha OcrpuqBpbx Han6nHo yAoBneTBoprBa ycnoBr.rrra,cqfi TaHr4 oT cbBpeMeHHr.ITe rr3cJreABarlu KaTo
3aarrJrxurerHr4 npu u:6opa B ApeBr{ocrrarra AaAeHo NrrcTo 3a u3tpa)r(AaHeTo TaM HaCKaJIHO CBeTHJIIIIIe: LI3OnXpaHO nOJIO)KeHHe
L{ TpyAeH AOCTBI; BspXOBe, nonaAaqH B
r0 O6o6ulurerHlt 6e:rexru no ro3t4 B'bnpoc, c
nogpo6nu 6u6lrorpatlcru no3oBaBaHr,rr. e: Top6a-roB H Ap. 2007, 92-98.
fpadut4 etno Oc ntptta cpt"r xpaii Oete nottlu, Ilasapotruwxo 405
rIeHTT,pa Ha o6nr{pHrr KpsroBer o6pa3yBaHH
oT no-.laileqHk flraHr.iHcKl.r BepHfH H xpe6e-TU; OTJIIIqHa BUAAN{OCT K:r,M BCI.IT{KU CTpaHq
Ha cBeTa; HaJrHqr{e Ha oforeHr4 cKaII{; }Ieo-6u'rafrHu npupoAHr.r AaAeHocrx; HaJu4que Ha
ecTecTBeHr.r BoAol]3ToqHurlr.I, o6uKHoBeHo BocHoBaTa Ha (TnMrIHarIlIrTa Ha BspxoBeTe(Domaradzki 1993,701' Pagynueea 2002,7 5-76; ,{ovapa4cxra 2002, 591' loqee 2003, 23;Kocrosa 2006, 15-16). C. 3axapuen, ntpnlrrrocBeAoMr.rreJr 3a crapuHure xpaii Onveno:r-qr{, roBopl{ 3a HaJrriqr4eTo B AoJII4HaTa Nrex-
ay Ocrpn.{ Bp6x r{ c'bceAHur HeMy no-HLIctKBp-b\ Ha 3aflan ua "ureop. npn xofiro ce Ha-
Nrupa eAuH lr3KycFro rz:pa6oren MpaMopeH
lro6yc (xr,:r6o) ao 100 oru rexsx x or ABereMy crpaHrr ca n4r,n6anu no eAHa p6xa c or-eopeHrz uprcru". B nenocpe4crnesa 6na:ocrce HaMlIpana lopa, B Ko.qTo pacT.slla caMoIr4B-
cxara 6u:rxa poceH. TaM Bc.sra foAIiHa npe3pyca:ruilcxara ceAMrrqa ce cr6rzpa:m lluoro6o.nua, roraro Jre)+carH rro eaua Hoq B poce-Ha B rtpceHe Ha rr3rleJreHue (3axapliee 1870,78). 3a c rpaHurr raMer HHK xpafi nreopa ue
ce crroMeHaBa Hutuo B no-Ktcunre cso6rle-srq - rofi BeporrHo e 6u:r ynurqoNeu oqeB roAlrHrrre Ha rypc(oro po6creo. Karro II.Kapanerpoe,'taxa u 14. EaraK:rlres o6aqe no-rB:bpxAaBar cBeAeHri.{Ta ua C. 3axaplren saycroiivrznocr"ra cpeA oxonHoro I{aceJreHrre
Ha ApeBHrrTe e3r{qecKrr BrpBaHI.I.{ H puTy-anu, cB6p3aHlr c roBa Mrcro (Kapanerpon1893, 129; EinaKrres 1923,36). B:r: ocuosaIIMeHHo Ha ra3r.i uHi$opuaqlu, K. I4peuex go-fiycra, rre Kour reue no BcqKa BeporrHocr e6uro rty:rroeo Mtcro otqe B68 BpeMeHara Ha
rpaxr{re (I4peuex 1886, 71). Cera, n cneuu-HaTa Ha HOBUTe npoyrrBar .It, ToBa npeAflo-jIO)I{eHue MOXe Aa Ce Crrr4Ta 3a HerIOAneXaUO
HA C5MHEHHE.
I4geecrunre Berre rprr o6po'ruu nrorrxri,KaKTO n IpyIIITe HaXOAKq OT pLIMCKaTa erroxaor rpa,uuruero xpaii Onvenorqlr, y6eglire:r-Ho rroKa3Bar, ue rparuficroro cBeruJrnule Ha
Ocr pur epr,x- Bh3Hl.{KHaro Hali-ru,cuo npe:Bropara rroJroBr.rHa Ha I xun. np. Xp., e npo-
AT,nx{r.rJro Aa o6cnyx{Ba pemirllo3Hlrre no-
rpe6nocru Ha oKoJrHoro HaceJreHI4e rloHe AoKbrv cpeAara Ha III B. cn. Xp. llo4o6nu cny-rraH Ha AupeKTeH KoHTuHlorrTeT EJrH lloHe Ha
TOIIOrpa6cKa npI{eMcrBeHocT B cI4TyIrpaHeTo
I{a KyJITOBTTTe MeCTa OT XeJIr3HaTa Ii pI4MCI{a-
Ta erroxa ca pefrrcTpl4paHrr rroBceMecTHo B
npe4erare na,{peBHa TpaKIis (S ztbefi 1977 ,
52-54), a npoyrrBaHu.sra npe3 nocJIeAHr.Ire
ToAHHX npeAocTaBI{xa oule N{Holo IroBI4 npH-
ueplr - xpafi Anrerr eoieo,{a, Eopilclaeqarz Br,n.re no:re, Xacxoecxo (A.na4xoe 1997,
18-19, 27 -30, 48), Orrunono, flaeapgNunrxo(louena 2002, 112-118), Te:reprlq .{o6puuxo(Top6aron 2005, 80-91), Tpmna (Bapaxoe
2006, 152-161), Erfpefirop 6axa:rono, ,{o-6pnuno (Top6aroe 20066, 149-158), Pyce(Varbanov, Dragoev 2006, 181-193), Ta6a-qKa, PyceHcKo (Top6aron 14 Ap. 2007), Ean-unr (Jla:apeuro n gp. 2008, 297-300).
llpe: IVn., Beporruo or4e npe3 Ir6pBa-
r a rroJloBHHa Ha BeKa. er.pxry Ocr pnr epr,x e
6ulo u:rpageno conrrAHo yxpeurenrae (O6p.27 1). Ororoepi,crHara My KperocrHa creHa3arparr<Aa rr;rorl or oxo:ro 12 aKa B ropHaraqacr r{a xbJrMa. T.{ ce u,ueH:ru0liql{pa c r. Hap-
BbTpelrrHa yKpener{a JrrrHrr{ oT orrucaHueTo LI
rr;raHa Ha ,{. Ilouuen. Kpenocruara crena e
6ura nogcurena c Her.r3BecreH 6poit xynu,or Kor4ro npu IIpoyrrBaHfi.{Ta npe3 2005-2006 r 6eme ycrar{oBeHo MecrorroJroxeHu-eTo Ha ABe, LI ABeTe C rleTrrpli BfSJreH nnaH.
Bxo,qr,r (egiln or exogonere?) Ha yKpefllle-Huero e 6un paanonoxeH or ceBepo3ana.{.
Toii e 6nn 3alqurer{ or BlrpemHara crpauac nporryrHahTnyu, na4 r<ofiro e B:r,3Mo)KHo
Aa ce e I{3Br.Ic.{BaJIa MaJIKa Ha.4BpaTHa KyJa.
3a n:srpeunara lnaulrpoBKa Ha yKpeneHara
repr{ropnr }rqMa aaHHr4. Pa:xpur 6erue cauoMaJIbK yqacr6K or TpaceTo Ha naBupallaynv-rla, orcronqa Ha orolro 2,50 u or Kpenocr-HaTa cTeHa. He e ,[cHo n8.lfir'ffr e ouacBaJra
xsJrMa 86B BU,4 Ha [p6CTeH, rrm.r CnUpanO-
BHAHO Ce e I43KaqBaJra K6M HerOBI4t Bp6X.
Hurqo onpegereHo He Moxe Aa ce Kaxe u 3a
AarrrpoBKara Ha 4o6pe :ana:enur pe3epBoap
3a BoAa. vnorpe6euure B fpaaexa My Tyxjrrrce pa3JIHqaBaT no pa3MepH oT Te3I,I, Lr3[oJr3-
406 Cepzei Topddnoe
BaHfi npH cTpor{TencTBoTo Ha rrponyfHaKy-nyMa. TexHliqr r\{oAyn (0,32 x 0,32 x 0,04 u)u rexuoJrofr{qHr.I 6e:resu o6aqe HanbJII{o ceBnllcBaT B cTaHAapTIzTe oT KECHOpUMCKIIS
nepnol (AaMrHoB 1978, 149-163), (oero ce
-anxea ceoeo6pa3eH xpoHonorlrqecKH r4HAr4-
KaTOp 3a BpeMeTO Ha u3rpalKAarre Ha caMutpe3epBoap. llopaaH cneuutbHrrHHre repeHHr.{
yclroBr{r, BoA}rr.r cTlopT)xeHr.r.r oT To3I{ Br4a
MacoBo cc cpeqar B pa3rronoxeHr.rTe B:bpxJ
BT,3BIIIIIeHHT Lr CKaJrr4CTr{ nOnyOCTpOB}r K6C-
Hoarrrr.rirHr.r yKpeneHx o6exru. Cqara ce, .re
Ta3v SopMa Ha BoAocHa6IrBaHe ce HaJrara
or Kpar{ Ha V s. sacerue (luuuee 2006, l3-14), no nu'ro eguH or Muo)(ecrBoro rrpr{N{epu
H{Ma cl{rypHa Aarr.rpoBKa. flrpeonaua;nrara
{ynxquoriarua cE lnocr Ha u3rpaAeuoroBrpxy Ocrpr4r Bp6x KT,cHopriMcr{o yrpenne-HLIe He MOIKe cr.rrypHo .ua ce orpeAenr{ IIpI{ceIaIIIIOTO CT,CTO,IHUe Ha ITpOVr{BaHr]rTa.
llpe.qeua orlllrqrrara Br.rAnMocr Ha lecerKr.rKHnOMeTpI.i B5B BCLiTIKI,I IIOCOKI4, MHO|O eBepo_sTHo BS3HI,IKBaHeTO My Aa Ce AT,JI](r'I Ha
cr,o6paxenr.u or BoeHHo ecrecrBo, cBTlp3aHl{
c ua6:togennero 14 KoHTpona na rpa$uxa rro
rrbTHr.rTe KoMyHHKarIEr.r B Ta3rr qacT Ha rrpo-eanqur Tpaxm, KaKTo Ir c paHHoro onoBec-TtBaHe [pr.r 3acr]qaFle Ha IIpn.qBIlx(BaH .{ Ha
Herlpr4rTencKr.r KoHTIiHf eIiTu.B pe:y;rrar Ha onycrollrr-ITerHr4Te ror-
cKu Ha[IecTBLIq, XHBOT6'| B MHOXeCTBOTO
HeyxpeleHu celluula oT pr4McKaTa eloxa,perr{cTpapaHH B paBHrrHaTa oKonoBpscT Ha
Onqure x:snNroee (IJonuee 1963, 17 , 62-63),npeKlcBa npe3 rrocneAuara vererpr na IV n.
B lspcerre rra curypnoc! oqelrrrlroro Hacelre-
HlTe ce oTTe r.s BT)B Ber{e cBrIecTByBarIIr4Te B
oKoJrHocTTa BoeHHr.r yKperrjleHa.q HII.i cb3aa-Ba HOBI4 CeJII-rrqa Ha TpynHO AOCTTTIHU U eC-
TecTBeHO 3arqrrTeHlr TepeHr.r, KoriTo rro Irpa-ea;To 6[iru H H3KycrBeHo yKpen.xnanu. Tpx6-Ba Aa ce fipr1eMe, qe Haii-KT,cHo npe3 nr,pBarafiojroBr.rHa Ha v B. yKpeflneHr{ero Ha ocTpr{tBpbx Beqe c HMaflo xapaK lep Ha o6HrfioeeHoyrpeneHo cerurqe. Tosa e rrrNfo BpeMero,
KOTaTO ItOBCeMeCTTIO B rlpeAenI{Te Ha .{UOqe-:rare Tparrax u laxru ce na6.rrogaea irracoea
'rpaucrf opuaqlur Ha 6uemu re soeunu o6errllB rIHBnnHlt yxpeleHr4 ceJrHUIHr{ $opr,ru (Top-6aros 2002, 395-399; lunvee 2006, 33). 3acT)x(ajleHHeJ HaJIaqHuTe AaHrTr{ He aaBaT 863-MoxHocr sa gerafiluo npocneArBaHe I{ xpo-HOJIOfuTteCKa npeIILI3aur.u Ha pa3BIITIIeTO rrao6erra npe: Ktcuara aHTr4qHocr. Hai-xrc-HaTa r.r3BecTHa 3acefa MoHeTa oT fpa,qltue-ro or ra3ri erroxa e orceqena e 5141575 r.,HO IOCTa rrpoIbnlKrrTenHo ce e HaMllpana B
Ill.ipxynaqr.rr. lbaa nora-:ea, qe xtlBortT TyKe ceKHaJr He flo-parro or xpat na Vl/rlaqaloroHa VII B.
C:reg npoguxr.rreJreH xrrarycJ x:r,nN{67
e 6lrr ornogo 3acereH n3fr-rexra erBa npe3BTopara nonoBr4r.ra na X e. Karro cetage-TeJrcTBa HaMepeHaTa Tr{[HqHa KepaMr{Ka r{
oco6eso penc$nr.rre 3Harlr.r BT,pry Atnara Harracr or cbAoBere, ToBa naceleuue e 6uloc 6r,nrapcxu erHuqecxr4 npon:xog. MHoroe Bepo{THo nT,pBr.TTe 3acerHruri Ia ca cbc-TaBLSBaIU qaCT OT npecemtutlecKaTa BT,JIHa
or 3cMlrre Ha ceBep or Ea.nraHa, nopoleHaor rroxoauTe Ha KtreBcxr4-r KHqg Ceerocrae(faroea 1995, 103). C'rruecreyBalqlrre rraTOBa r\{rCTO Or6panurelHu csopT,xeHrir oTKT,cHara auTr.rqHocr oqeBu,4Ho ca 6l.t:ttl gasa-
peHH or r{oBrrre o6nTarenfi B 3aAoBoJrurelrHoc6cToqHue I4J cJlea eBellTyaneH peMoH! carrpoAbjlxunr4 Ia fi3nT,nHqBaT cBoLITe r.BHa-
uamru $ynrqau. Toea ce e oKa3aJIo ofpoMuorrperrMyIIIecTBo B ycnoBr4sTa Ha HapacTBarIaHecfirypHocT u 3aqecTrrjrH BapBapcKrr HaxJry-naHr.rl n Tparux or BTopara rperuHa Ha XI s.HacerHe. B uotteruara cepliq or o6enra cena6rrrogaea cauo err.rH MaJrtK xuaryc, o6xea-rqaul fiepriola or 1075 to 1078 r. Carvro noce6e c - ToBa B HfiKaKbB c,r1 ,raii He clensaAa ce IIpHeMa KaTo IocTaTbqHo ocrIoBaHI4e 3a
Hr{(aKBu oco6eHr4 3aKrroi{eHu.tr! KaKTo [peA-BI.IA orpauarreHu-f o6eN,r Ha EyMr.rsMarurrHlrlMareprzaJr, TaKa LI nopaAr{ MHororo c:ryuaiinttftarropu, oKa3Barrllr Bru.sHue nrpry Qopr,rn-paHeTo Ha rluprqJraqaoHHaTa cpena Ha AaAe-Ho Nrtcro. @axr e o6aue, ue no crpararparf-cKH 116T .{cHo ce pa3tpanuuaear gee o6oco-6eun rfa:u e o6uragaHero Ha repeHa npe3
lpada4emo Ocmpun ept'x xpai Oetenotyu, Ilasapdcruwxo 407
O6p.26
M O6p.27
O6p. 26. Oeuenon4u- I'Isceueu e cxanama crcne6 c eeponmHo Kynmoso npeduazuaueuue.O6p. 27. Oeuenon1u. Ilnau ua Qopmu$uxaryuouuume caopz,trceuun ua Ocmpun ept'x cnoped
nocneduume npoyqeauut: I KbcHa aHmuqHocm; 2 cpeduoeercoeue.
O6p. 28- Oeaenon1u. Ocmaurcu om cpeduoeercoeuama u om qacmuuuo deMoHmupaHamaK',t'cHoaHmuqHa KpenocmHa cmeHa a tuzou3moqHama qacm xa epadut4emo.
N
I
-o-I
o50r#l#
408 Cepzeti Top6onaa
cpenHoBeKoBr{ero. Kparr Ha nT,pBara Oa3a e
cBT,p3aH C qacTlrgHo l{3BexAaHe oT oyHKqu-oHa[Ha roAHocT Ha HaMHpaIqaTa ce IIo ToBa
BpeMe Bce oqe B yrroTpe6a (bcHoaHTr{rrHa
KpeflocTHa cTelra. Ha.{anoTo Ha BTopaTa Sa3ae 6enr3aHo or I]peArlprreMaHeTo Ha Marla6HrrcrpourenHrr pa6orir. Or eAHa crpaHa, Te ceH3pa3SBarU B rrOnpaBKa n IIpeycrpoiicrBo Ha
oTAenHu yqacrLrlfi oT crapaTa yKperrHTenHa
cr.rcTeMa, a oT ,4pyfa - B r.r3rlqno HoBo oop-rHOriKarInoHHo crpourerclBo (O6p. 27 2).Tar<a nanpauepJ pa3pymeHr'rrra rro ceBepo-
ia[la/t'a| A KpeflOCTHa CTeHa 6t{nH BtsCTaHO-
BeHr.I, a cbruecTByBanr{rT no-paHo ryK BXoA
- 3a3lr,4aH. Henyxnu-rr neve nponyrHaKynyM6ru 4elronrnpau. TaKaBa 6llra ctg6ara u nar{eTI.{pI{T,r6JIHaTa Kyna, OTCTOrrqa AeCeTr'rHa
Merpa ceBepor.i3ToqHo oT BXoAa. IoKonKoToMOXe Aa Ce C6AZ [O pe3ynTaTr4Te OT pa3Kon-
KrrTe, cel(TopltTe Ha KScHoaHTIIqHaTa oKoJIo-
BpbcTHa KpenocTHa cTeHa oT ceBepou3ToK
u rofol,{3ToK, 3ac,qFlo c pa3rrojroxeHltTe rloT.{X kTnr4, 6U:rU nanrnHo aeMoHTr{paHr4 AoToraBarrrHoTo xoAoBo Hr.{Bo. I4gere'reHrr-fir
crpourejreH Marepuan 6nl ngnor:sas xarofpaAuBo rlpx r43luraHeTo oT Te3I4 cTpaHI4 Ha
HOBa CTeHa, rr3HeceHa Ha 10-15 N{ npeA Tpa-
cero Ha crapara (O6p- 28). tr4:rpageuure nonpoTexeElreTo Ha HoBaTa KperrocTHa cTerrar{eTr.rpn Kynu ca c TB:r,pAe crieqr4rbHqeH, prA-KO Cpe IaH nnaH - nonyKpsfJrr.r oTBT,H u c
qlin HIpHrrHa, orrracru BAaBarIa ce B Ae6e-JrnHaTa Ha 3HAa BT,TperI]HOCr IIOAO6EU Kylr.r
ca rro3HaTr{ B 6snlapcKuTe seMr4 eAr{HcTBeHo
or KpenocTTa [pr4 Me3eK, o'r-LxIecTBrBaHacT'c cpeAHoBeKoBHHr Heyr3HKoH (PaueHoB
1937, \7\-189;. Berroe 1938, 43-46; Aro-gxoe. Ilerpon 1985,49-68; Anaaxoe 1997,
1 61-163). Cnope4 noc:re4nure rpoyrrBaHrr,neiinoro r.r3rpax,qaHe ce oruacq Kr'M Kparr
na XI r.rnra Haqa;roro Ha XII e. (Aragxoe,llerpon 1985, 66). PerncrpupaHoro cpe.(Ho-
BeKoBHo $oprr.r(llrxaulronHo crpor.rrencrBo
na Ocrpa.r BprlxJ aoBeno ro Kapar{HanHo
npeo6pa:xeane Ha yKpenrrrenHara cxeMa orI{bcHoaHTHqHaTa enoxa, cneABa na ce frocra-Br4 MaJIKo no-paHo BEB BpeMero naii-o6uIo
B noclrerHara qerBtpr Ha XI e. 'fnr,pge eepo-STHO e TOBa Aa e eAHa OT I{HOTOTO BS3CTaHO-
Ber{ri ro BpeMero Ha }rMrTeparop Alexcnfi IKovnun rpenocru n Tpaxnr, :a xor.rro roBopr.r
B cBoero cr,rrnHeHne Arra Kortruna (farosa1995, 42). Aro npegto:roxeHr{ero e BrpHo,crpolirencrBoro 6u rpx6nalo Aa ce orHeceK6M rrT,pBaTa AeKaAa OT HeTOBOTO ynpaBne-HIIe, Tr,Il Karo HaJruqHtr.sr apxeoJrofl4qecKuMATEP]iAJI CBI4AETEJICTBA, IIE OPf AHI43UPAHII'T
ceJrrrrueH xLIBoT B KpenocT"ra e 3aMp.[n olqeKt,M r{ptur na X] alz naii-xr,cno B Har{aJroro
Ha XII B. C:reAure or crr.rxr4eH noxap! no-KpTTBaIIII pyr.rHr.iTe Ha xrrnr4rleTo oT BTopaTa
tlara n Congax B, nora3ear, qe roBa e craHa-Jro rro Hacr.rJrcTBeH nT,! oqeBnAHo B pe3ynTaTHa BHe3arIEO HZrnaAeHI{e.
loprqu.recxu.rr craryT Ha cpeAHoBeKoB-
HoTo ceJ-IuI]Ie Ha Ocrpur rpr'x e uelceu. ClegIIpeAnpLreToTo npe3 nocneaHaTa qeTBT,pT Ha
XI n. npeycrpoficrBo, 3atrluTenara My nnorqBeqe B63na3aJra Ha noBeqe or 14 gra. tr4:r,reN-
Aa r{MeHHO B paMKHTe Ha Ta3U CTpOATeJTHa
(ar{rraurr.J{ e 6lr:ro or}opl'reno r.r BlTperuuoroyxperreHo rApo Bbpxy Hafi-eucoxara qacr Ha
x6-rrMa, qLiHTo ocrarIKII ca 6unr4 Bce olqe tcuopa3n[qriMu Ha TepeHa B N{r4HaJroToJ Ho cefaca Beqe HarrlJrHo yHntqoxeHrr. Clopeg npe4-Jrol(enr.rre HeorAaBHa rf opua:rur xracu$rx-aqr{oHHu KpHTepuu, IIJlorrITa Ha yKperlneHII-eTo HaIXBBpnr cpeIHoBeKoBHrrTe cTaHIapTLI
3a Kpenocr u ce 4o6;ruxaea.qo re3II 3a rpaA(Eaparon 2005, 78). 3naqauocrra r{a ro3r.r
rIeHTT,p npe3 rocreAHara tfasa or reronorocT,lIlecTByBaHe ce IroTBT,pXAaBa r{ OT HZIMepe-
Hure ryK crfparucrrunu naMerHlrrlr{ - rreqarHa BucoKonoct aeeH efi:aHrHi.icrH caHoBHr.tK
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16 m.rynu l9123 r'rt''r; 6,00 r Tecairog rxa- 552-551 r. Hahn 1973, Prasetabelle VIII, 169h CoH,(ax B
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$o:rnc 27.3131.6 MM|.9.37 r 976-1028 t. Ivanisevic 1989, i7-39 CoHAax B
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A uoslrueH, xrac G $orrzc 27128 urvt: 6,00 r ox. 1065 - ox. 1070 r Grierson 1973. 692 3ana.qeH cxJloH
AnoHllven. rrac H rlolrc 27.5/28.8 uu:5.00 r ox. 1070 - or. 1075 r Grierson 197i, 694 CoHAax E
Agontvett- t<tlac J dolnc 21.4/25.1 MM. 5.96 t ox. 1080 - ox. 1085 r Grierson 1973. 700 Couaax EKoHcraHTr.rH X u EBAoKT'tt $oru c 25/26 MM,3.40 t I 059-1067 r Grierson 1 973. 77 4-'77 6, C\ass I ConaaN EHnxrdop III Borannar 6orr-rc 24.5/28.2 vut:.6.10 r 1078-1081r Grierson 1973.831-832 3anaaeH cKllofrAnekcrfi T I(oMHr.rH ,€ reraprepos 16118 MM: 1.96 r 1092-lll8 n Hendv 1969. 87. Tvoe A I,t3TOqeH CK.ltOlI
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lpadtulemo Ocmpun eptt xpai Oeuenon1u, ITraapdxuwxa
Ilnrupaua Jrrrreparypa
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414
H OBI4TE KT,CHOPI4MCKI4 IIEHTP OBEHA SCYTHIA I{ MOESIA SECUNDA
Beutluctae fiuuuea
B xamnannoro cI{ Ir3c. e,LBa}Ie 3a fpa,tlcKllrlxrlBor B KT,cHoaHTr.rrrHr.rre l.uo]:zu Thracict
u Dacia npo$. Berxon o6pr,rqa logo6aearqoBHHMaHT.{e r{ Ha HOBATe I.lM UentpOne, lr:.raraii-KLr AaTIHLTTC 3a TfX B ]rUC]IICTIHTC I,I3BOpt{r Ka}fTO
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orKpr{xrr or/n rqx (Be:rxor 1959). Orxpurux-ra u ny6ruxaqranre n/:a rrx npe: cnereaqaTe
ABe AecerHneTr;rr ca oTpa3eHr'I Br,B BTopoTo Ao-nr,JrrreHo r.r3AaHHe na :ta6e:rexrarenHus My rpyA(Velkov 1977). Te:u qeurpoee npr{cbcrBzrlaHaJrH3lrpaHlr B eIIHH Hiru Apyf acneKrJ B oulepeg uy6mmaqun na npoQ. Benxoe, ruroa orKOUTO Iqe r!4TI{paM B CIeABaITIOTO II3JIOXeHLTe.
B r.nacuSuraquoHHHJr MoAen 3a rpaAoBe-
re sa Thracia u Dacla, npegnoxen tlpeAlr rfi-KoJrKo roauHlr, Bloroqux u gaii-ggaqntelnuleHoBlr rIeHTpoBe Ha rBara Auoqe3a. B cr,orser-HaTa cTyAur KoMeHTr.rpax Ha(paTKo ir xapaKTe-
pa Ha re3r4 rleHrpoee (fluuuee 2001). O6rqureclx<AeHnq 3a xapartepa r.rlr o6ave He orMeHsrneo6xogul.toct.ra or pa3KpltBaHe Ha KoH(per-HI,rTe npuquHrr 3a ocHoBaBaHeTo tIM! Kalffo Lr
rryxAara or nperlu3r.rpane ua $yurqur.rre nu.Hacro.{LrIara cryAus e rrMeHHo orllrr B Ta3r{
Hacoxa. Tq e rocBereHa Ha HoBrrre qeHTpoBe
Ha ABeTe tpaHr.rrrHt{ npoBHHrIr{[ Ha ALIoqe3a
Thracia Scythia u Moesia secunda. Ytou-HrBaM r43pFrHO, qe B CneABaqOTO LI3JIOXeHI.ie
IIpeAMeT Ha Ar.rCKyCr4.S rqe Ca npe,{n BcurrKo
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JIeMHTe IIpOBHHrIUanHAj IpaICKI.I r]Jtlr BOeHHtr
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AeH, K'bclroanTuqeH aso6ruo qenrsp - rcneNllt-Hara Ha curypHo 3a IuTelrara nnorq (lunuen1 998), xpenocrure Ha Hafi -gHa.rlreJrulrre HoBr.r
Kr,cHopI4McKr.r qeHTpoBe ua Scythia u Moesia,secunda 6u cne,uBano Aa ca c napaMerpr.rre Ha
cl.iHxporrr{HTe fpaacKr{ KpenocTE, T. e. Aa cauaii-N'rarKo no 4-5 xa (!un.reo 200I,223).Hn-Kor.I or rrx! cnopeA aKTyannara anQopvaqur,ca ocHoBaHr{ Ha rrpa3Ho M.scToJ AoKaTo ApyrHuMaT IlpeArxecTBeHxrln - Heyr(peneHr.r ceJILI IaI4JTH I]O-VMKI4 BOCHHI K CTCII.i.
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- nanpuvep Appiaria (Moesia secunda: O6p.1; 4Hec npu c. Paxono, o6:racr Pyce) e go6pe
no3HaTa B KT,CHOaHTLITIHI4Te U3BOpr.{, BKnrOqU-
TenHo Karo fpaA I{ errr4cKorrcKrr r{enrup (Bel-xoe 1959, 21, 28, 51, 60, 84, 86, 220 u ttur.rav rreopu). Ho oclaHKHTe or yrpenenoro r,r
s.4po oqe B Haqa:roro na XX e. eeqe ca 6r.uru
rroqTr.I yHr.fiqoxeHl{ oT epo3r.rrTa Ha AecHr.r.f,
AyHaBcKr.r 6pxr (Ilkopnu:r 1905a, 450-451).
Hoeune xtcucrptmcxu qe npoee Ha Scythia u Moesia SecLlndd 415
o% .\OvidrLr
@ 'lraiani
',lppiaria\. a-,,
\ /li,,irso-\, "polsn-i<--(laultt{,1bnhrs,\'oVae\ \ \ (,1croe)
Pooor o,.
Ibidaa
(d
allatis
'. Josna
'-( - -) -,<--r-
o \l', opoli1./o,,a,E"l\ ) .--l
M)o q/, i K, .) " ,in d^u\ ) ) '^ J- ' Obzor
u!r"q
'r $'9
Voivoda
O6p. 1
O - r4roouuqua;rna croJrriqa
o - fpa/q c no-paHeH npou3xoA
a - HoB K'hcHopuMcKrr rIcHTbp (crangapren raprlanr)@ - HoB Kr,cHopu\4crci rIoHTlp (cneqnQnven rapuarrr). - ,{pyr rryHr0, clolvrcHaT B u3Jro)r(eHHgTo
- - - - npoBuHqrra,,rHa fpaHlrqa
O6p. I . Kapma ua npocuu4uume Scythia u Moesio secundac rtoaume ?oreMu Kbctloptll'tcKu qeHmpoge.
llplrumra Moxe Aa e r.r orcbcrBr'{ero Ha no-c:6tlleCTBeHII apXeOIOr[rIeCKIi npoyqBaH] B
ApyfE, no-3anaseHr4 o6eKrrr. He 6una o6a-{e
Aa ce [peHe6perBaT rr B63MoxHr4Te o6eKTuB-
HU nputIHHU 3a TOBa nOJIOXeHI{e.
Transmctrisca, rr[rrro ocraHKII ca rIoA
.{HelxHr.rr rp. TyTpaKaH, e B rr3TorrHr4r AyHaB-cKr4 yrlacT'r,K Ha KT,cr{oprrMcKaTa IpoBHHIIUS
Moesia secunda (O6p. 1). Bs:nrmna orqe
npe3 I B. cfi. Xp. llo BpeMero Ha Ilpr4Hqnnarae narep Ha KoXopTa, xpaii roliro Beporrrro e
r{N,raJro qr.rBrlJrHo cenrule. osuquareu crpo-r-rre.JreH HaAnHc Ha.{r.roKnerlr4aH o"t 298-299 t.
3acB[AereJrcrBa H3rpar{AaHero ryr{ na praesi-dium, to4xoitlo BeporrHo cneABa Aa ce pa3-
6upa u:aecruara KtcHopuMcKara Kpenocrr.Transntarisca ce cnoMegaBa B aHTrzqrrrrre 116-
r,{pyro rtrxyeaune Ha ro3r,r HaAnfic H npen-rorroxenr.re :a rgenruQuqnpaHero Ha cnoMeHarlrfly uero praesidium c Apyro, Her.r3BecrHo Aocera Tro-
ManKo yKpenneHue eux npu Top6aroe 2004,31.
TeBOAI{TeJrrI! (aKTO r.r B T.t3BeCTHUTe "CII4C6III4Ha crry)Ke6Er.rTe paHroBe" - Karo fapr 43olr Ha
pa3nlirrHn BoeHHr{ rroApa3AejreHllt. cnoMeHa-
Ba ce cT,rrlo npn llpoKolurl, PaseHcrlIs aHo-
HI,IM I{ B I{J{KOI4 IIO-KT'CI{U ENIICKOTICKII CIIIIC:b-
rrr4 (Bux: Velkov 1973, 263'264; Zahariade1988, 112-113; Paunov 2007, 141-144l' usr.raM r.r3Bopr4 u ny6nr4Karlr4u). 3acera nagcroro
lta pItMcKR.{ BOeHeH Jrafep He e L{3BecTHol Ho e
cr4rypHo, qe e (3Haqr4TeIHo) no-MaJrT,K oT K6C-
HOpr-rMcKaTa Kpenocr oaxr-rr, ve npu roxHLIq
ceKTop Ha nocreAHaTa JIr.rrrcBa H3o6rqo flJlacror BpeMero Ha IIpr4Hrlr{rara (Vagalinski, Pet-
kov 2006, 109; Paunov 2001, 146) e AoKa3a-
TeJICTBO 3a rOBa. ,{O UeOrganna r.r AaHHI.{Te 3a
Ta3r{ KpeIIocT 6txa rBbpAe ocKr'Ar{rr. pe3ynTaT
Ha cnyrrafi Hu pa3Kpr4rl-rt (3MeeB 1969, 46-49).B noc;reanure ABe Aecerl{nerlrJl ca npoyqe-HH yqact bul4 or ceBepH r r..l ro)l(H tul ir cer<rop
c no ABe Kynu. flpeAnonaraeMr.rrr o6rq naH
Ha Kpenocrra e c He[paBunHa KoHsl{rypa-qur nopaAr.{ ycnoBssra Ha repeHa (o6p. 2).
416 Beu4uc:ae ,\unuea
3aruurenara nnorq ce olpeAenr rra 6-6,5 xa(Vagalinski, Petkov 2006, 109) u:rn 5,5-6,5 ra(Paunov 2007, 116). Kyprunara B ceBepHusceKTop e Ae6ena oKono 2 lr. Parxpurure ryxKTNI4 CA KBAAPATHI,{ B TJIAH I.{ B KOHCTPYKTI,TB-
Ha BpB3Ka c KTprnrrara (O6p. 2). .{o6uraracrparurpatf cxa un$oprraqlu sa u3rpalrAaHe-ro Ha Kperrocrra Mex.qy 292 u 3091310 r.,cT,oTBeTCTBa Ha CrOMeHarr.I.f, CTpOHTeneH
Hagnrrc I,r e apryMeHT 3a r.raeHrr.r(bfi(auurraHa car{ara Kpenocr c BT pocrufl praesidium(Vagalinski 1999; Vagalinski, Petkov 2006,105-108). Kyprunara B u3creABaHr4.s yqac-TbK Ha roxHr.Tq ceKTop e 3HaqI{TeJrHo rlo-l[e-6era - rsu 3,70 rr. VcranoneHvre ryK Kynr.r
onrrpar Ha $yra n rtyprnuara (O6p. 2). t{r-nocrHo pa3Kprrrara U-nogo6ua B nJraH KyJra
e ,{o6aBena B ITo-KlceH MoMeHT, Ho npeArr
Kpa.{ Ha IV e. 3a .{acruqHo pa3Kpr{rara nol-xosono,uo6lra g nnaH Kyna (npu egua vynxa e
rpacero Ha IoxHara Kyprrrr{a) ce npeAnonara!qe e fpaaeHa 3aeAHo c KypTuHaTa, BT,npeKr.{
JTI-jj]CU[a Ha KOHCTpyKTT.TBHa BpB3Ka MeXAyrxx (Vagalinski, Petkov 2006, 108; Paunov2007, 144-146). lloqrr nenosHara 3acera e
apxxreKTyp ara B 3arqIITenara ttro r]\Ha Tr ans -
marisca. B 6nu:ocr Ao ceBepHara Kperrocr-Ha cTeHa ca pa3KpHTH qacTrr oT aBe cfpaar.r,
rpaAeHII or KaMbHn 14 r:rnna "c:reA 3131315 v,
cr'er,367137 5" (Yagalinski, Petkov 2006, 106;
Br.ix fi Vagalinski 1999,232). lo zlrpelnHoronr{qe Ha rrpoyqeHr.r.s yqacT6K oT }oxHaTa Kpe-
IIOCTHa CTeHa IIT,K e pZBKpI,ITa qaCT OT Cfpa,{a
c BKOIaHLI AO.rIl {, It3AI4fHaTa Cne,4 KpaJ{ Ha
IVn. (Vagalinski, Petkov 2006, 108) I,l:rov-HO r{ 3a[a,qHo oT KpenocTTa ca noKurnrcHpaHrr
HeKpolon (Bara:runcxu, luuuev 1995, 27,32, NsJ\! 54 u78).
Cpe4 :nauurennr4Te HoBr{ KBcHopr.rMcxr.r
IleHTpoBe 868 BBTpe[THOCTTa r]a ,UBere rrpo-Bur lulr ca lbida, Zaldapa, lpa4zrqero npzc. BofieoAa, f yuencxo, r.r Koea.reecroroKane nprz rp. flonono. Kru rqx Mofar Aa ce
Ao6aBsr Tropaeum Traiani u Abritus. Te ca
c no-paHeH llpon3xoA, KaTo n6pBI{qT e AopI4c rpaAcKu craryT or II n. Texnure ugeecr-nu ftopru$irxaqrroHur{ cucreMl4 o6aqe ca or
KPE, a 3a HeycraHoBeHI4Te I{M Bce oule puM-cKv Kperrocru ce npe,{nonaral qe ca 6u_irrl
3HaqlireJrHo rro-NraJrKrr. Br,gvoxno e e 6T,ae-rqe, cnea ocbIIIecTBgBaHe Ha npoyrtBaHH{ B
I{er43cneABaHr4 gocera o6er<ru, To3rr crrllctKga 6r,1e ygr,rxeH. Bce naK cneABa Aa ce rrMa
rrperBrrA! qe e,qtrH o6err or lrarqa6a na us-peJIeHIrTe 86B B6TpemHOCTTa, IIO I(yHaBCKOTOrpafi6pexue HrH B Ko.rrro n Aa e Apyta 3oHa
Ha IBc re [poBrIHuHx rpyano 6u oc I xHafl He-
ra6e,rg3aH Ao AeH AHeueH.Ibido e s qerrrlpa Ha ceBepHara qacr
IIa npoBuHquq Scythia (O6p. 1). ,{nec e e3eM:rlrruero Ha c. CnaBa Pyct, onprr Ty:rua,Pyvr,nul. B a:eopare rq ce cperla caMo B
"3a crpoeNrare" na llpoxonuil Kecapr.riicnuor VI n. Tau e ynolreHara raro polls (nofLIEI4, 1959, 170). @oprugHxarrr.rqra Ha
Ihida exfiowra ABe cBT,p3anrr xpenocru. 3a-rqr.rrenara ii o6rqo nlorq ce tagqllcjrqea o6tuosa 24 xa, Karo c6orHollreHl4ero Mexly ABe-re Kpenocrr.r e upu6lr.r:ure:rno 7:1 (O6p. 3).Ilo-{eara na Ibida ce orHac.r K:bM Har{aJrHl4s
nepr'roA Ha KPE, no orctcrBliero 3acera Hacstul{HcKr{ apxeoJloruqecKs npoyqBaHHr notpoprr.r$uxaquonHr.rre c6op6xeHr4r rropaxAarcBecTHr.r pa3HoffIacl{.s y r4cneAoBaTenr4TeoTIIOCHO TTOCJIeAOBaTenHOCTTa B U3tpa)r{Aa-nero ua gaere ir xpenocru. 3a egulr iro-pa]rHae no-roJrrMara Kpenocr (nalp.: tr4nanot 1980,221; Suceveanu, Bamea 1991, 204), goxa-ro 3a lpyru nT,pBo e n3rpaneHa [o-ManKaTaKpenocr (uanp.: Scorpan 1980, 40-41, 108;Top6aroe 2002, 284-285). Axo r.r:eecruusrnraH Ha rlopru$araquara ua Ibida (O6p.3), u:roraen na 6asara ua aepoSororpafrcno3acHeMaHe, ce npueMe 3a MepoAaBeH, To It3-rpali(raHer o Ha nBe're Kpenocru 6H c,reaea-Jro Aa e 3aMrrclreHo rr H3rr6JrHeHo o6rqo, KaroIIlpBu_sT eTarr Ha To3H npoeKT e r]o-MajrKaTarpenocr2. Bu4sr a peayBaHero Ha KynHTe -
:Cnopel ro:n nnaa (O6p. 3), :analriara N roro-tI3TOqHaTa CTeHa Ha nO-IOIqMaTa KpeIIOCT On'IpaT B
ceBepHaTa cTeHa Ha IIo-MaJIKaTa KperlocT. KoeTO nO-Ka3Baj qe RocJreAuara e rr:lrpaAelra rro-pauo (Scorpan1980,40; Top6aroe 2002, 284-285). OrcacrBr{ero Ha
Hoeune xtcxopuucxu 4e*npoee ua Scythid u Maesia Secundd 4t1
N
1
O6p.2
O6p. 2. Ilnan na rbcHopuMcKama Kpenocm Ha Transmarisca(no Paunov 2007, 1a5, fig. 5), (c non - B. ,Q., o6pa6omKa).
N
1
0 100 200 300 m
O6p. 3. Ilnau Ha Kpenocmume Ha Ibida (no Scorpan 1980, I 57, pl. XIl,(c aon - B. !., o6pa6omrca).
418 Beutlttc.taa )!utuea
U-no,{o6nn (npe;1uuno). roneMr.r npaBor,r6n-Hr (T. :Hap. phroulia) r.r BerpHno- r.{Jtu rroAKo-BoIIoIo6HLt Ito brnr{Te - IIpn ABere KpenocTrJca tileHTuqHr4 (O6p. 3) r.i HaN{r.rpar roirHr{ na-panenH B r(r,cHopr.rNrcKara (roprr.rsuraqlr.r napeA Apyfr{ qeHTpoBe Ha ABere npoB}iHuHtrJ
B(trroqfirerHo Tropaeum Traiani, Abritus u t.rr. (I4BaHoB 1980, 193-194,214-221; Scorpan1980,41, 113-114, 190; Lander 1984,218-221 ; Top6aroe 2002, 283-284 H rperparKr.r)(O6p. 10) 3acera crpyx'rypure Ha ABere Kpe-nocru sa lbida z,a HaqaJrHHTe nepr.{o.qr{ or crr-
uIecB,vBaHeTo r{M ca HeIIo3HaTr'r, Ho npeA[o-JroxeHr.reTo 3a BoeHHur xapaKTep Ha IIo-MaI-I{aTa KpenocT - nafep Ha BoeHeH rpaHr.r3orl(Scorpan 1980, 1 l5; Top6aron 2002, 284), ur-rJrexla Jrofuquo. CuuxponHor o r.r3lpalKraHe
Ita,uBeTe KperrocTH, aKo ce IIoTBT,pArr, rIIe e
,4oIIT,JIIIr'rreneH apryMeHT 3a roBa. @arrr,1 verrpe3 rro-rolrrMara Kpenocr uuuana p. Cnana(O6p. 3), fipe.qnonara r{3BecrHa cnequtluxae neiluoro finaHr.rpaHe] xaxro r.r [aJrr{qrre Ha
clequcfaunu noN{yH}rKarlHoHHr{ r.{ crorraHcKrlc:r,opT))IteHl4q MocToRe LI Bo,4Ha MenHL{q[(uarrp. Zahatiadc 2007,299). B ra:u xpe-nocT ca pa3Kpr'{Tt{ I,tHur4IeHTHo ocTaHKrrTe oT
npe.4cTaBrrTenrra, Tpr{alcr'rAHa xprrcTrr.rrHcKa
6a:zrr.rxa or Vi e. B oxo:rrrocrra e u3clreA-BaH I4 MaHacrupcKr4 Kol'rrrJreKc or VI B. (Br4x:
Lungu, 1997, 100-101, 105; Top6aror 2002,281-282; lr urrr. raM ny6lr.rxaqru).
Tiopaeum Traiani e B 3oHara MexAyrIeHTpanHaTa u IoxHaTa rlacT Ha npoBuHllfitScythia (O6p. l), ua oxo.no 1,5 xrl rcro:a-NAAHO OT I.i3BCCTHI{' IIAMCTHI4KJ III4CTO I4MC E
npner. ,{uec e B 3eMrr{rlero na c. Agavxnn-cri, oKp6r Koucranqa, Pyurnn-r. OcHoeaH errecr Ha fio6eAara rra Tpaxrr na4 garure, 7io-paettm Traiani e eAr.rH or MaJrKoro rIeHTpoBe
c fpa.qcKH cTaryT BT,B BbTperrrHocTTa Ha pr.rM-
cxara Moesia inferlor. Toqnnre oqepraufir Ha
Kpelocrra Ha pHVcKr4s munitipitm Bce oue
KaKBITTO I{ Aa e KyJIU tIO CeBepHaTa CTeHa Ha rrO-MaJr-
Kara Kpenocr o6ave e yra:aHr.re, qe u3rpDKAaHeToHa aBeTe KpenocTr,I He e oTAarerreHo BbB,Bper,feTo, T.
e. qe rro-NlaJrKaTa KperlocT e npocTo nbpBr.rrT eTan B
o6qur rpoqec Ha rrxHoro r43fpaxAaHe.
He ca qcHH, no naii-locroeepHo r{3tllexAanpelllono)fieHHeTo, rle T.{ e 3aeMala ceBcpo-r,I3TOrlHaTa LI OTTIaCTLI IIeHTpanHara 3OHa Ha3aquTeHaTa IInoIrI Ha KBCHOpUNICKIIT rleHTT,p
(Barnea et aL. 1979, 53-54,227-228, fl1. 23,33; Papuc 1986; CAtAniciu 1998,201-204;Citdnicir"r 1999, 259-266; Zahalade 2007,300; nuxt ryr O6p. 4)r. llornrpxgaBaHero My6r,t o:uauaealo, qe pfiMcKara Kpenocr e rral.qBa nrJTr4 rro-MaJrra or nr,cHopuvcxara. 7ro-paeum Traiani ce cnoMeHaBa npr.r Xllepoxr,-lv Teo$uraxr CuN{or(ara, KaKro r e Enqcrou-crnre cnucsqu (no Barnea et al. I 979, I 3), Ho
orcrcrBa B u3Bopure or IV-V n. I4:rpaxga-nero "ll: ocnoeu" (a fundamentis) Ira KT,cHo-pr{ .rcKarat<penocr o6aue e :acou4erelrcrBanoctc crporrreneH Hagnuc na Jlaqrlsl.tii u Kos-craHrr.rH I (Popescu 1976, 183-185, Na 170),xoiiro nait-eepo.nrno e or 3 16 r (euN: Barneaet al. 1979, 13, 228; Top6aron 2002" 50-51;rlr.rr. rarv y6nr4Kauuu) ,Iiuec ulra r.r3Becrrrupa3Homac[s Aa.qr.I T03II FraIlHc Aarupa KpasHa crpoureJrcrBoro (Hanp.: Scorpan I 980, 44,46; Lander 1984, 193, 278 Zahariade 2007 .
300), neron Me)KAuHeH eran (ualp.: Bameaet al. 1979, 228,250-251; Cdtiniciu 1998,207), utm natastoro Ha crpor.rrenHara KaMrra-Hur (Top6aroe 2002, 303-305). flpr.r ecuvrzIIoJIo)KeHLrt o6aue rpenocrra e H3fpaAeua B
saqaroro sa KPE. Heiluara nlou e noqrr.i 10
xa (Barnea et aL. 1919, fig. 23; wrN ryr< O6p.4). tr4:c:re4nanare ir cr,opsxeullr - 4 nop-ru, uag 20 ro-rreMlr, npeAr.rMHo U-uogo6nl.r enJraH Kynn u r u. (O6p. 4) - ca pa:meNga-su o6croftno B nnreparypara (Barnea et al.1979, 47-18,237-240; Scorpan 1980, 44-46,102-104, 107, 113-114, 160; Citiniciu 1999;
I Toaa npennonoxgHr,re r.rMa oloHeHT[ (Mdrgi-neanu-Cdrstoiu I 98 I ; Poulter 1983, 84, 109, not. 56;Suceveanu 1985, 139-140). 3acera o6aqe ocrog-Hr.rre My apryMeHTu orctcrBr,rero Ha 6eacnopuacrpoure;rxa Qa:a or rpeuero Ha flpanqrnara npa
$oprnSaraqnoHnl.rre cbopbxeHr,rfl B ceBepHrlr, 3a-
ralHr.rq r Io)KHr:rr ceKTop Ha KbcHopr.rNrcrnx Tropae-unt Traiani, Kaxro ti orcbcrBr,rero Ha 3xaqtlilr xyrry-peH rrnacr r{ ocraHxu or BpeMero Ha flpt*rqnnara e
rrpr{Jre)Kau]HTe ceKToptl Ha 3auuTeHaTa nJIouI - He
ca oIpoBepfaHu.
Hoetme xtc opuucxu 4e tnpoee ]ia Scylhia tr Moesia Secunda 419
Cdtdniciu 2001; Top6aron 2002,301-307) uca cpeA Hafi-qecTo npr{BexqaHrrTe np}rMepH
3a OopruOuraqlrouHo crpor.rrencrBo or (pa;r
Ha III - Haqaroro Ha IVB. (nanp.: Lander1984, 193, 218,256; Crow 2007, 447-450)llpeanonara ce, qe nnanr-rpoB(ara r4 ynaq-Hara Mpexa Ha KbcHopr4McKut TropaeumTraiani cnep.r,ar K.iraclrqecKure rpaAr{rlr4rr,
BKJrroqrrreJrHo c rrpeAcraBrrrenuoro o$oplr-JreHue Ha r:raBur4re ynr4rlr4 (B ame a eI aL. 1 97 9,
109-127). HapyrraBaHero Ha re3u rpa.EurIux3anoqBa [pe3 Bropara noJroBr{Ha Ha IVB.(Suceveanu, Barnea 1991,202) B :arqlrreHa-Ta nnou ca pzBKpr'rTr{ rreTupu xpr4cTLIsHcKu
rlbpKBr.{ - rpu 6a:r.r:rar<ra, eAr{ara or Kolrro c
rpaHcerrr, u egnoropa6na qrprna. !o cropore ce oruacrxa K6M V-VI n. (Hanp.: Barneaet al. 1979,229; Suceveanu, Barnea 1991,27 | , 27 6-27 8; Lungu, 1997 , 99- i 04, u qur.ny6nfiKarlnu). Hanocnegr,r ce naHcr4pa re3a-Ta, rle r. Hap. MpaMopHa 6a:u:rsra B ceBepo-
3aranur4q ceKTop rr eAHo(opa6Hara II6pKBa,
ycTpoeHa B no-paHr{a qr4cTepHa B 3anaAHrrt
caKrop (O6p. 4), ca OyHxqroHspaJrl4 orlelpe3 l:bpBara noJroBHFra Ha IV B. (CAtdniciu1998, 204-209, 212 Cdtdniciu 2006) Ta:u
Aarr.{poBra o6a.re He e 6e3c[opHa. Onpege-
JreH rrHrepec [peAr.r3BrrKBa r. Hap. basilica
forensis or Har{a-rrHr{r neplroA Ha KT,cHopLrM-
cKus Tropaeum Traiani, s ueHTpanHus My
ceKrop (O6p. 4). Cnopeg pyMBHcKIrre apxe-
oJro3r{, ToBa e npeAcTBar{TenHa fpax,qaHcKa
6a:u:ruxa, Ko.{ro cJrea IV e. ry6ra o0uquan-Hure cr.r $ynrqau u npugo6raea crorlancxuraKr4Ba (Hanp: Barnea et al. 1919,19-26,229;Suceveanu, Barnea 1991, 200, 271-212,274).I4Ma o6a.re r.r MHeHrie, rre ra3u crpaAa rro Ha-qaJro e c6c crorraHcKr.{ $ynrquu - horreum(Poulter 1984, 119; Poulter 1996, 1I1,126).I4screaeaHero Ha yr(perreHoro pa3rnrlpeulle c
nnorq or ot<o:ro 0,7 xa ao tofoll3Toqnr4.s r,rr,rHa ocnoBHara Kpenocr ua Tropaeum Traiani
1 - npegnoaaraevo rpaceHa cTeHI.rTe Ha parrlraTa
r<penocr (II-III r,)2 - r. r1€,p. basil.ica forensis3 - r. nap. upauopna 6a.:u,rlIxa4 - qrpxrara, ycrpoeHa B Iro-
palreH p*epBoap
e@ - y.ryrtrHo Tpace
N
1
50 100 200 m
O6p.4
1
I
I
I
- -*1-
O6p. 4. Ilnau Ha KbcHopuMCKun Tropaeum Traiani (rcoununaqua no: Barnea et al. 1979,
fg. 23, 107; Suceveanu, Barnea 1991, 201,fig. 15; Cataniciu 1999,260,fiq. 1).
420 BeHllrrctas n Hqes
(O6p. a) e B Haqa"ren eran. Ilpenolara ce, ueB!3HzKBa BT,B BTopara [oJIoBI4Ha ua IV ulurrlpBara rroJroBr.rHa na V e. flpegno:rara cec6rqo, qe e c Boeunl.r $ynxqua - rapnr{3oH Haqacr or cbcraBa Ha comitotenses (Barnea etal. 1979, 59, 228, 238-239; Suceveanu, Bar-nea 1991,202; Top6aroe 2002,306). B oc-HOBHaTa Kpel]oCT Ca fi3CJIeABaHI4 LI3IItJIO LrJIU
oTqacTH locTa )r04nfi IHu cfpaarr c fpa.qe)K
6e: xopocan, KoHTo ce orHac.{T npeAui\{Horr,u V-VI B. (Harp.: Barnea et al. 19'79,79-107; Scorpan 1980, 47-49; Sampetru 1994,18-53, 112-114)
Zaldapa e uafi-znaqurerHnsr HoB rleHrbpB roxHara qacr Ha rrpoBr4rruus, Scythia (O6p.i). fluec e B 3eMnr{rlero na c. A6pHr, o6:racr
.{o6puu. llprzcr,crna n crrr4c6Ra Ha rpa"[oBerena Xuepoxr-r. CnoMenaea ce u B Apyru r.i3Bo-
pHJ Ho Bce or rrna :a VI e. (nuN uanp. Belxon1959, 91, 6en. 4) Arrya:ruara uHtf opuaqru3a Hero AbJlxlrl{ ocHoBHo na K. LlJxopnl.u(lUxopnu.u 1905a,493-499, ra6r. CXI/c) u C.Top6aroe (Top6aron 2000; Top6aroe 2003),Karo Broprrrr ny6:ruxyea u Heo6napognanr.rpe3ynTaTrr oT [poyqBaHr4qTa Ha r]6pBr4r B Ha-qaroro Ha XX B. flpeAlonara ce, qe florBaraua Zaldapa e BT,B Bropara qerBtpr Ha IV n.,rlo t4Huqr4arlrBa na KoHcranrzH I (Top6aron2000, 30-31, 47,81-88). O6mo:rrara na rpe-nocrra BT,3Jrrr3a Ha oxojro 2050 lr (Top6aroe2000, 10), a 3aqurer{ara or He.{ flroIr1 e Kor-Koro ra3r.r r{a ABere Kpenocrri Ha lbida o6\i\o
- xr,nr 24 xa (O6p. 5){. Fleiuvre cT,opr,xeHruJBKJIIOqI.ITeJIHO HTKOJTKO nOpTU r,r MHOfO Kynrr
- U-noAo6nu (npe.qnMno), nogxonorogo6nu(no r,r:rure) u eAHa rrpaBo;rr,nua, ruu phrou-rion (Top6arov 2000, 8-25; nax ryx O6p.5), cslr1o ca rBT,pAe cxoAHr{ c rezu sa [bidaulu Tropaeum Traiani natpurt'rep (O6p. 10).
tr4sr.rexga, ue Zaldapa He e nnaHupaHa c op-
aPerepru orHocHo rBbpAeHxero, qe 3aulureHa-ra ntoul na Zaldapa e "floBe,ie or 25 xa" (Top6aros2000, 5) erzx npu,{nuree 200 1, 228, 238, 6en. 25.floco.leHara ql$pa - xsrv 24 xa, e pe:y,rrar or n:-qucleunq Ha 6a:ara ua n:eecruur o6u1(eax Top6a-roe 2000, 11,35,O6p.2,18; er.rxryrO6p.5, l0).
roroHaJrHa ynuqHa Mpexa (Top6aron 2000,34-36; nux ryr O6p. 5). Bogocua6gxeane-ro e 6rano ocr4rypeHo c BT,HrrreH pe3epBoap,cBT,p3aH C KperrocTTa qpe3 [oI3eMeH TyHen(Mupven 1951; Top6aroe 2000, 60-65). BIIeHTpanHrrr 3a[a,4eH ceKTop Ha Zaldupa capa3Kpr{TH ocTaHKI.I OT eAHa OrpOMHa CfpaAa(101 x 18 lr) c rourpa$opcu, BKnroqBarqa
IBe eIIIaKBTI 3anq U eAHO IIO-MaiIKO IIOMe-
rleHue c rleHrpanHo pa3fionoxeHue (O6p. 5).Tq e ot naqalurr nepr.roA. K. Lllxopnul u C.Top6aroe r onpeaenrr :a rpaxgaucna 6asr.r-
nnr<a (Top6aron 2000, 37-41). Konrl:rercsu-rT aHaJrH3 Ha AaHHLiTe 3a BbnpocHaTa crpa"qao6aue onponepraBa ra3r4 fiHTepnperar]us xAoKa3Ba, qe neiiHare foJreMr{ 3aJILr ca BcErrI-uocr crnalloBe 3a 3r'pHeHlI xpauu (horrea)(,{rznven 2005, 282-284). B nro:auagux-aceKTop Ha Zaldapa e pa3(pura npeAcraBr.r-TeJrHa xpr'rcrr{rHcra 6asurrxa or xpax na V- HaqaJroro Ha VI e. lpyra qr,pxaa e noxa-nrcupaHa B ceBepHns rpaii na 3anlureHararr;rorrl, Ho He e H3cneABaHa (Top6aroe 2000,47-59). He ca lt3cJreABaHr4 r.r MHoxecrBorocrpaAlr r.r c6opBxeHr.rs B 3aquTerraTa nnol]l,ROLITO HHaqe ce pe lcTpLIpaT Ha aHelrrHr.rtTepeH qpe3 TpaHrxer.rTe oT HeoTAaBHaruHo
orpa6narre Ha xaM;Hrl or ocraHrurre Ea rex-Hr.rre creHu (Top6aroe 2000, 5). flpegrolarace, qe Bsrr oT KperrocTTa e nMaJIo 3HaqLITeJIr{n
npe.4rpaAu.{ (Top6aroe 2000, 5-6, 65-70).' Abritus e B 3orrara MexAy rlenTpanna-
Ta Ir I43TorIHara qacr Ha flpoBfiEgux Moesictsecunda (O6p. 1). .{uec e n tr3rortnr.rre no-xpaiinunu:re na rp. Pa:rpaA. Hac:re4xax narpaxrficno ceJrr.rr{ej rro BpeMero ua llpunqu-nara Abritus e tarep (castellura) ua roxopra,xpaii xofiro una rlr4Br{nHo cetmt4e (canabae).tr4uero uy orcr,crBa B r{3Bopr.lre :a IV u nsp-Bara rroJloer{Ha na V n., Ho 3a HaqaJloro HaBropara lro;ToBlrHa Ha V s. roil e laceugere,r-crBau Karo errrrcKoncKo ceAanr.rule. llpuc6cr-Ba B rpaAcKrrq "flrrenognre:r" na Xuepoxt:rr4 ce crroMerraBa or llporourli (eux: I4eanon1980, 15-21; Pa4oclaeoea, !:auen 2003,110-117; rIHr. raM n3Bopv v ny6:ruraqnu.).Mrcroro Ha pr.rMcxr4s narep Bce o[Ie He e
Hoaufie kt'cHopllMcKu 4eHmpo6e Ha Scythia u Moesia Secunda 421
1 - cvrar, (honeum)
\.ine - npeAnorara€MoyJrlrrrHo Tpace
O6p.5
100 200 300 m
O6p. 5. Ilnau ua racuopuucxama Zaldapa (no Top6amoe 2000, 35, O6p. l8),(c uon - B. I., o6pa6omxa).
ycraHoBeHo (n no-eacoxara r.r3TorrHa qacr Ha
yKpeneHr{r rleHrlp or KPE?)5. Klcuopuu-crara Kpenocr sa Abritus (O6p. 6) e roqrltIr3rlrno pa3Kpr{Ta, ny6nr.rKyBaHa r.r cblrlo errecTo r-r3rroJr3BaH pr.rMep B H3creABaHr4.sTa
:a QopraQuraqrroHHo crpourencrno. Kyp-Tr4Hure ca Ae6enfi or 2,40 Ao 2,80 M. Kynr.rre
no !ffHTe ca c Berp nonoAo6Ho o,repraHue.
C Hsxltlo'reHlre Ha ABa roreMrr npaBor,fbnuuphrouria n 6rasocr go roxHara rropra, Bcrrq-
KU OCTaHarI] KyJIH nO CeBepHara, 3arraAHara
5,{Heruuure I43cJleaoBarellrare AonycKar, qe
pltMcKl.ItT Jlafep e B paBHrzHHara MecrHocr ri3TorrHo
or KT,cHopr{McKara Kpenoc! KLAeTo ca ocTaHKlrre
H Ha rrr.rBr{jrHoro pnMcKo celrnqe (Pagocraeoaa,
{:anee 2003, I I 1). A3 cbNr cKJroHeH Aa rloAKperlt\'rHeHrreTo, rre no-paHH[fT nafep e B oqepTaHr.rrrTa
Ha Kpenocrra or KPE (I,IeaHon 1980, 223). Tyr re-peH6T e flo-B}rcoK rr oT.racT[ ecTecTBeHo 3auI[TgH.
Toea rarrfiqecKo npegnucrao 6n cneaBaJro ra e or-qereHo H npn lr:6opa Ha Mqcroro Ha pnMcKlrr na-
rep. BuN no-uarar, x u 6e:r. 8.
rI toxlrara creHa ca U-noao6gu e nrau. I4g-
TOqHara cTeHa ce orJrlrqaBa c HaqyIIeHoTo cH
Tpace, c fio-ManKara .qe6en].IHa I{a KypruHara
- KT,M 2,10 M, a c6rlo c Br.rAa Ir pa3IIoJIoxeHI4-
eTo Ha KynqTe - npeAaMHo rleTupu:brbj1Hu, c
ManKlr pa3Mepll, KaTo rurKorr ce r.I3AaBaT I.r oT
ABere crpaHr.r Ha KypruEara (I4rauon 1980,
28-152; I4eauon, Croxuor 1985, 11-23; nuN
TyK O6p. 6). lft,pronava:rHo Kperrocrra ce
ornacr K6M BTopara rro:roBr4Ha Ha III s. (tr44a-
noe 1980, 225), uo HarrocJreAbK nossara ijce cB6p3Ba c ynpaBneHueTo Ha KoHcTaHT[H
I (nanp. Pa4ocranoea, ,flsauee 2003, 130)6.
BaNen pe:yrrar or HoBHTe npoyqBaHus e
rrpeAarr'rpaHeTo Ha II3BecTI{aTa, npeACTaBe-
Ha no-fope rr3ToqHa KpenocTHa cTeHa KT,M
6 Onurbr e cy6crpy<qmre I{ uoxlrr{re Ha lg/p-T']]ltl.te n KynrrTe Ha KbcHopIlMcKaTa KperrocT aa ce
pa3no3Hae e,qr{H no-paHeH cTpoHTeneH nep on orcpeaara Ha II B. (EorAxneB 2000, 89-92) e rerpnerlpueoren u ue h3a'bp)Ka KplrruKa.
422 Beu4uc-nae ,[unvee
1 - praeloium2 - xa:ap;ua3- hoteum
4 - 6ar.:t
5 - r.aenocrua crenaor rpal ua V
uluruYl e.
6 - xrnorerri.{HoTpace Ha l8TorrlaTa
rcyprrlHa or KPE
O6p. 6
50 100 200 m
O6p. 6. Iltau ua xt'cuopuucxun Abritus (xounutaryun no: trI6aHo6 1980, 30, O6p. l0;I4eauoe, Cmonuoe 1985, 39 - 40, O6p. 1l, 41; Padocnaeoea, lsauec 2008, 357, O6p. 1).
KpaJ{ }ra v uru s vI a. (Pa4oc:ranoBa, ,43a-HeB 2008, 359-360)? O6napo4eariare gaa-
Hri 3a o6uKonKaTa H rrJrolrlTa Ha KpellocTTa(tr4nauoa 1980,29; tr4eanoe, Croquos 1985,l0; Pa4ocraeona, lsanee 2003, 110, 129) ue
ca cr,BceM rorrHrr (AnHrreB 2001,230,239,6er. 33). Cnopeg usnecrnur o6q nnaH (O6p.
6, 10), :arqurenara rrJrorq e oxono 12 xa. 3alJlaHr{paHero ir u y:ruuuara Mpexa B Het ce
3Hae Manxo (I4nanoe, Croquoe 1985, 19-25),
Brn ecexu cnyqafi Oarr6! qe cperqyrronox-Hrrre noprr4 He ca B oc (O6p. 6), rpeAnonaraoTKJIOHeHI{I OT MOAeIa Ha II.,'IaHHpaHe Ha nO-
paHEr4Te BOeHHr4 :rarepr.r. or uaua.rHfl,l nep]i-
7 Tpacero u ocraHK[Te Ha KbcHopnMcKara rj3-
TOrrHa cTeHa Ha KpenocrTa Bce ou]e He ca ycraHoBe-rll. llpa O6p. 6 ctv npeScraeu,r aapraura ra neii-Horo rpace. KoiiTo Nu{ H3rnexaa Haii-BeputreH.
oA Ha KbcHopr4Mcxus Abritus ca ABe roJreMr{
cfpaali, pa3Kpriru npu 3alaaqaTa My fiopra(O6p. 6). Ta:z ua ror or nopre a e horreum,
^crpalaTa HelocpeAcTBeHo Ha ceBep or rrop-'rara BepoqrHo e Ka3apMa (l{nanon, Cro.{Hoe1985, 34-41; Pa4ocranona, !:anen 2003,1 33-1 34). Onpegereu Hurepec npeAr{3Br.rKBa
ugenrn$nraqurra 14 xpoHonor rra Ha nepu-CTUIHU-g X{I.III{tqeH KOMnneKo C eAHOaTICLIAHa
3anaB ceBeporr3roquara.racr sal britus (O6p.6). Tofi e nai-roJr.r\4oro - oxoJro 3000 rraz, r.r
naii-npegcraeureJrlroro 3BeHo B HeroBaracrpyKTypa (tr4nanon, CroqHoe 1985, 27-31;
lwntee 2002, 209, 216-217, Pagocrarona,
{:auen 2003, 130-133). To:u xonrnlexc ue eqacruo xr4nq Ie, a pe3unenrlr.t.r{ Qtraetorium)Ha Bucr-u r{MnepcKH Marhcrpar. roilro voxe6ri e crgnrecr.ssar $ynxqaure Ha MecrHoroBoeHHo tr qr{Br.rnHo ynpaBneHrre (,{uuuee
Hoetrne xtcuopuucnu UeHmpoee Ha Scythia u Moesia Secunda 421
2002,221). Mnenu.sra :a HaqanHara My aaraca npoTrrBopeqHBr{ - B uocJreAHaTa qeTBlpT
Ha IV B. (tr4BaHoB, Cro.sHoB 1985, 26-27 , 31)nnfi "Haft-paHo B KpfuI rraV 8., a no-BeporTHo
- rrpe3 VI n." (Pagocranoea, .{:anen 2003,13 3) 9nuo excrpeHrrre ycnoBrrr Ha HeroBorolpoyrrBane npe3 50-Te roAr{Hr4 Ha Mr.IHarntBEK CA NOBII'T.'II,I HA KAqCCTBOTO HA C6OT-
BeTHr4Te Ha6nrcneHr.rr8. Brn ncexn clyvait
311o4 ocnonure naro3u KoMrIJreKc ItMa no-paHH[ocTaHKuJ BKJIIOqfiTe.iIHO OT ABe CpaBHITeJIHO |OJIeMI,I
(xr,r,rnu1utz, aoeuur ?) crpaAr c BbrperxHr.r IBopoBe.3ara:eHute qacru or creHr{Te ltNI ca or KaMr,Htr, c[o-eHIl C KaJI, Ho c JIt,IUeBl.l XOpOcaHoBH 3at'larru. BT pryIIOAOBOTO Ht.rBO Ha eIHaTa Ca OTKpr.rTX .4Be MOHeTI.I
na Koscraurlri X (337-361). Cro6qaaa ce ou1e, veB ocraHKr.rre Ha ctulara crpa,qa ca ornpuru Spar-MeHTr,r or Hagrpo6na nroua or Havaloro na lV n.,n3rrolBBaHrl Karo cuomrr.r. B cexropa e pefr{crpr.rpaau Me)rt{IIHeH cTpouTeireH lrepllol - clea BbflpocHr.r-
Te crpa,qH, Ho npeAH nepl,Icrr{nHXfl rounnexc. Toiie 3acBI{,qeTeJTcTBaH C qacTH OT ABe CTeHII Ha fOJIf,-
i\,ra crpafla! rpa;leHa c xopocaH (I,laauoe, CroxHoe1 985, 26-27 ; Pagocraeoea,,{:anea 2003, 1 30- l 3 l ).KoHtercrr,r na cnoMeHar[Te HerxoAKrl B no-paHHurectpaAlt He e tceH. Aro re ca e nopua:rHo orJroxeH r.r
HeHaKbpHeH nJIaCTJ TO Har{ajrHma AaTa rra nep}lcTnn-Hltq KoMrreKc Lr{e e cJreA Kpaq Ha IV B. Axo o6aqevouerure u Qpanuenrure or uaqrpo6Hara nroqa canofla,4Hann ryK B pflynTaT Ha lro-K6CHI,I BKOnaBaHI{t
B rrJracTa Ha no-paHHara cfpaA4 To cr4ryaqr.r.{Ta rqe
ce npoMeH . B cnyqa,r Jrr.rrrcBa r{Me}rHo Heo6xo,[nMa-ra crparurpa$ct<a lrHQopMaux{ 3a orIeHKa Ha KoH-
TeKcra Ha re3IJ naxogxu. Jlrlncea u nnSopvaqr.rr :arpyfl Haro! lor or nJracra na ra:r crpala wro6uto.fTorenqualaa lpuv Ha 3a HapyueHuc Ha rro-paHHu-Te ILIaCTOBe B CeKTOpa e He CaMO eKCIIJIOaTaUfttrTa My
,{o Kpajr Ha VI B., Ho cBrrlo Il [pe3 Cpegnoeeroeuero(IX-XI a.), rsil Karo roqao B ceBepor.r3rorlHara qacrHa Abritus e 6uno fl,qporo Ha cpelHoBeKoBHoro ce-Jrntqe c BKonaHx 3el,r:rruxx (l,leanoe, CrorHoB 1985,
71-72; Pagocraeoea, [:anea 2003, 111, 141-143,vrlr.Ir. raM crarrr{ Ha C. leopniena). He 6e: gHa.reHr,re
3a o6cT,xAaHUr lpo6:rev e r $ar"rsr, qe rpagelclTHa cTeHr{Te Ha paHHr4Te cfpaAH B ceKTopa- c KaMbHr4
Ha KaiI (L.t Bepotrrlo c xrlpfluqH 868 Br,rcoqllHa), Ho cxopocaHoBl,I nuIIeBI,I 3aMa3KLI - "npl4n{fa" roBe-{e 3a
fiepxola npeAr'r KpaJI Ha lll B- XopocaHoBlr 3aMa3Krl,
npu roaa c $pecrr, Blpry Kr-rp[Hr]eHn creHn t{Ma Ha-
np[Mep npr:r eAHa npencraBr:rrerHa xnr rllHa crp4{ao'r II g. g roxrroro npenrpanae aa Nicopolis ad Is-tut r (Poulter 1995, 187-198).
II3BeCTHV Te ,4oCera neplICTI{JIHH XTTJII{lqa c
e.4HoancrrAr{r{ 3aJrr{ B rBToqHaTa v IleHTpan-
Hara qacT Ha BanKaHcKrrr rroJTyocTpoB AaTrr-
par or Kparr Ha III-IVB., Karo rroBeqero ca
ra3rpa.4enu npeAr.r cpeAara Ha IV B. (fllruvee2002,209-216,219). He e rr3nrrrlrHo Aa ce
locoqu orqe, .re vI B. e fopHaTa xpoHoJlorlr-qecKa rpaHHrla Ha IIepIIcTI4nHut TIrIr XL{JII4-
qe r4 rre fipuMeplrTe 3a HoBo[ocrpoeHl{ npe3
VI e. raxuea )Krrnuqa B IIeJIIit cpeArr3eMuo-
MOpCKr{ CBrr r.r3o6rqo ca MHoro ManKo (Halp.Ellis 1988, 565,516). B 6rrsocr Ao roro3a-
[aAHr.rr 6rBn Ha rreprrcTr4nHrrt praetorium B
Abritus e pa3Kpr.ira Heror.sMa 6anx (I4eanon,
Cro.ruos 1985, 31-34; Pa,4ocraeoaa, ,{:anee2003, \33; Brrx ryK O6p. 6), uurro xpoHono-fLIt cEtIIO e Hecr.IrypHa. B astouuux cexrop,roxHo r{ H3TorrHo or ptaetorium-a, ca [poy-rreHH )rurrfiulHfi cfpaAr,I c KaMeHHo-KnpIII{-qeH rpaAexJ cB lecTByBanrr KT,M u c.[eA Kpas
Ha IV B. B eIHa or rrx e $ynrcuuoulrpara pa-
6orznnuqa 3a o6pa6or(a Ha (ocr (PaAocna-
BoBa, A3aHeB 2003, 135). r{acnr or crpagr{c TaK6B rpaAe)K u xpoHono .rr ca paBKpr.rTI4
r4 noKpaii B6TpelIIHr4Te nxua Ha KpenocTHI.ITe
creHr.{ (LlBaHoB, CrosHoe 1985,40-41). I4:-TOTL}JO OT pt1etoriUm-a e rtpol6ec ua poyqBa-
He e rr Apyfa nepr.rcrr.rnHa crpaAa "or uaqaro-ro Ha IV B." c ror.{M 6poii noMellleHu{ (O6p.
6). Crenlrre ir go:ry ca c KaMrHlr 14 xopocas,a HaAcTpofiKaTa r.tM BBB BricoqlrHa e 6una cKr{prrrzqu (PaAocnanona 2005; PaAocraso-Ba, A3aHeB 2006,253' Pa4oclanona, ,{:a-HeB 2008, 356-359). llar n cerropa ueNgypraetorium-a u rz3ToqriaTa KpenocTHa cTeHa
ca pa3KpfiTli ocTaHKII oT foJItMa xpficrr4sH-c(a 6a3urrr.rKa or Kptur Ha Y uluru VI e., xo-rrro rr6K 3acT6IIBaT cTeHIr Ha cfpaAr.r or KPE(Pa4oc:raeoea, l:anen 2007; Pagoc:raeoea,
[rauen 2008, 359-360). ,{pyra xpucruxncxa6asr4rrixa or VI B. e ycraHoBeua LI orr{acrl4pa3KpfiTa B 3anaAHlit ceKTop, HeAzrneq or 3a-
rraAHara rropra rra Abritus (tr4nanon, Croqnoe1985, 39-40,43; PaAocraeoea, .{:auen 2003,13 4- 13 5 ; Radoslavova 2006).
lpaAuulero npn c. BoiBoAa, o6nacr llly-MeH, e B I43TOqHaTa qaCT Ha KT,CHOpHMCKaTa
424 Retnluc:ac ,\unuec
rrpoBHHUH.,{ Moesia secunda (O6p. 1). I4vaMHeHUe, r{e TOBa e crroMeHaTaTa IIpH flpoKo-nriii Kpenocr ,l niskarla, Koqro rIT,x ce or6x-,[ecTB.{Ba c r{3BecTHLrt D I{3BOp OT X n. rpagDineia (Bemeulea 1962, i3-14; .{auruoe1985, 256). I4ua o6aqe r4 BT,3pDKeIrI{t cperqy
roBa MHer{ue (Pauee 1988, 117-172). flo*nara na fpaguulero ce orHacr KT,M Haqai(o-
TO r{nu no-o6rqo (T,M nbpBaTa IIoJloB}IHa Ha
IV e. (Mu:ruea, ! aur'aon 1972,274-275; Aa-N{sHoB 1973, 197;.{auruoe 1978, 140; Mur-vee, ,{auxrroe 1984,67,82) Kpenocrra vye c HerIpaBI{rHa neror,fr,JrHa r}opva u nlorq,clropeA nocneAHuTe npoyqBaTenlr, oT oKoJIo
10 xa. tr l:secrnllqr o6 InrarrrraK. lllttopnun(Lllxopnu:r 19056, 57, ra6t. XIIII2; BI{x ryr<O6p.1a) Bce olrle He e aKryaJu.{3npaH, Bbnpe-
Kr.r r{3BlprrreHr{re ryx npoyqBaHLIq npe: 60-reu 70-re roauriu r{a Mrr}raruq BeK Ir KoHcra-Ta\ufl-ra, qe BbrpocFlr.rr nlan e "getoqeg"u "gocra npoa:nonen" (Muruen, ,{aurHoe1.972,263; lanxnon 1985,253)'. Te:u rpo-YI{BAHH-S CA NPEAIIMHO B 3ANAAHH' CCKTOP IIA
fpaAuruero- flo nporexteaue Ha ocHoBlrara
3a[aAHa cTerra ca pa3KprrTH H.sKorKo foreMllU-noAo6uu kJJrr.i cr'c cKbceHll nponoplll4l{
- B nJIaH rXr{prrHaTa e no-foJrtMa oT Bucoql{-
Hara HM. llpoyvena e cclr1o ceBepo3araAHa-
ra lfJroBa Klna- Korlo e ncrpu,ronoao6Ht s
rrnaH, KaKTo Ir eAHa nopTa HefiocpeAcrBelro
Ao BrJIoBara Kyna. !e6e:ruuara na KyprrrHarar.r creHr4Te Ha hTnure lraAxBlpnt 3 nr (Mu:r-
e Cr,nacuo r,ralta Ha lUxopnun ocbBpeNleHe-
Hrrr - npu nHurJreHrHnre npoyr{Banuq npe: 60-reroAHHn Ha MuHarl,rr BeK! uarqa6 xru uero (l]peu-cl:oea, AHtonoea 1967. 31, O6p. l), nnorqra Ha
fpa4nrqero onpe.qeneHo e no.q i0 xa. Cr'macuoTo3r nlarr (anN ryx O6p. 7a), Ta3H nnorq e o-6,rtu-
30,4o nocor{eHara a gpyra ny6,rr.rxaqur qr$pa or"40-50 nxa" (,{peucr.r:oea-He,rvuroea, Anronoea1915,22). Bce nar, goxorxoro noc:regHara qnQpa
e pe3ynrar or ga6.ntolenne npeAn rfl no BpeMe Ha
3aflolBaHeTo Ha penoBIIHTe pa3l(onKn. c no-fojlfi\IarocroBepHocr 6tr c,'reasaro .tla ca u3pr.rqHlire yBe-
peHxt Ha caMflre pbKoBoairTeJll4 lla pa3KonKuTe.t{e uraHbr aa lllt<opru:t e HeroqeH u r{e rJIouJTa Ha
fpanuurero e oro,ro 10 xa (Mxn'reB, IauxHoa 1972,
263-264; fiatLxaoz 1985, 253).
uea, /{avnuoe I972,264-271,; ilar,unon 1973;
favruon 1978, 140-1421- Mulvee, ,{anrxHoe1984, 14,48-55, 57-67,71; lawuoe 1985,
254; Eo.r,r1Nrlen 2000, 85-87, ezx ryx O6p.
76). B n:speara rrolroBr{Ha r4lrr{ KrM cpeaara
na V n. npeg 3anaAHara KpenocrHa creHa e
,r3rpaAeHa nporefixlr:lra, rolro e cr,o6pa:euac U-uogo6nure KyJIIT rr B63npo[3BexAa rex-HHre r{erHr.r gr,ru (Muruen, ,{au.ruon 1972,211-272, 27 4-215; .{anrnon 1978, 140; On--rapoB I 982, 53-54; Munuen, ,{av.auoe 1984,43-48, 67-71; lauruoa 1985,254-255; ruxryx O6p. 76). HenocpegcreeHo uru e 6ra-3OCT AO B6TpeIIIHOTO JIIIIIe Ha OCHOBHaTa
3aItaJIHa KperlocTHa cTeHa ca u3cJIeABaHu
Aecerr{Ha rocrpoi;irca c KaMeHHo-Krrplr.rqeH
rpaAex or V-VI e. B u xpail ux e orKpr{ruuoro6poen u pa:noo6paren nueeurap (,{a-M.{HoB 1976; laurrioe 1978, 141-142; Aavs-Hos 1985, 255-256; Vagalinski 1998). Apxu-Te(Typa or HaqarHr4.s rrepuog ua lpagHnrero,c lpaAex Ha xopocaE, e ycTalroBerra B rlerr-Tpannara My 3olra (,{pei..rcz:ona, AHronosa1967, 30-35, 41), Ho orpanuvenrz-sr o6xearHa npoyqBaHHqTa ryK He rr03BorsBa [o-rr6ir-Ha rrpelcTaBa 3a xapaKTepa u [pe,{Ha3Haqe-Huero Ha caorBerur.rre ocraHtu. lpa21urqeroe r4Mano rT lreyKpenerru npe,4rpaAu.s. tr4:lro.rrro
oT KpenocTTa My e npoyrleHa r{acTlir{Ho IoJIt-Ma cfpaAa c pa3nfirrHfi noMerleHrir, ,4Bop r.1
KJraIeHeu- Ho \poHo'lror 11,ra ir He e npeun-rupeHa (nllx !rHqee lQQ7. 95 u uu r. ra,v cr,-
o6rqenu.s). flo npelre Ha rraqa;rrroro ri3fpax-AaHe Ha Kpenocrra e 6rr4sKara oxoJrHocr e
LINIaJIO I4HTeH3r4BrrO [pOr{3BOACTBO Ha CTpOs-
TcJrHa KepaMr.rKa. Or rosu qeHTbp e uoxe 6ra
naii-guaqurensara KoreKrlrr.s Ha K.scHoprrM-
cKa cTpor.rTcnHa KepaMrrKa c T. Hap. rlerraTH
Ha qacTIIH rIpOH3Bo/lr,rTeJILI Dules, Dionisis,Anicetus, Mercttris u r. n. (fiarrxnon 1975;
!avnuoe 1978: AarvsHos 1q85. 255)r0.- I(oeaqeecxoro KaJIe, Koero aHec ce HaMLI-
pa Mex(Ay eIHor{MeHHoro ceno u rp. flonoeo,
r! 3a eb:N{oxHocrra noao6sn nerlarh ,qa cao3HarreHu{ Ha BoeHH}l xnn quBr.tjtg}/ .n ua oI rtpo-tsr.rHurajrHaTa lrMrrepcKa alNrr.rHxcrpaurrr Br4x Hanp.
Sarnovski 1985. 120- 126.
Hoaume kbc,opllqcku 4e mpoee Ha Scythia u Moesia Secundd 425
O6p. 7a. Iltan ua fpadut4emo npu c. Boiieoda(no lllxopnu,t 1905, 57, ma6n. XIII / 2; c dont tueuun
no,[peucu:oea, Aumouoea 1967, 31, O6p. 1).
o6nacr TbproBnrle, e B rleHTpanHara qacr Ha
npoBr{Hrlr{r Moesia secunda (O6p. 1). !oce-ra B ntiTepa:lypara HsMa y6eAurenHo MHeHrre
3a HefoBara r4AeHTHsEKarlirq. IpeArrorafa ce
Karo craHrlr4.rr Ha IrbTt o"t Mdrcianopolis 3a
Nicopolis ad Istrum, a cllrlo a Karo cenuuec rpaAcKr4 xapaKrep (llkopru:r 1905a, 471,;
fepos 1954, 310-311; Onuapoe 1984, 35;
.{ouvena 2002,220-221).Ilo-{eara My ce or-Hacr KGM rrbpBara r{eTB6pT (,{onvena, croii-KoB 1999, 70-71 ; louueea u sp. 2007 , 291,Pycer r'r gp. 2008, 436) r.rnu no:ronrEua (!on-\esa 2002,223) ua IV e. Br,rpexu peaoBr{u-
Te pa3KoirKr4 npe3 rrocneAlrr.rTe ABe AeceTHne-THr. H3BeCrHIrqT O6lq nnaH Ha KOBaqeBCKOTO
Kane (Hanp. lonvena 2002, 225, O6p.2; euxryr O6p. 8a) e ecrrquocr nrasa, xoiiro K.lllxopnu:r cKr.rqupa B HaqaJroro Ha MrrHalrr.It
BeK (lllKoprun 1905a,470-471, ra6r. CI/3a).Cnopeg naii-nonara ny6nuxaqur. HeroBarannorq e 5,2 xa (,{oHueea 2002, 220, 224)tt .
1rB no-paHHnre ny6,rnraqulr AaHHHTe 3a n,'ro-
rqra na Koga.leecKoro Kzute ca Ma[Ko no-rllcKlt
O6p. 76. IInan ua usciedeauama ,lacm
om sanaduama cmeua ua fpaduuqemonpu c. Boiieoda (xounutaqta no:
,{annuoe 1978, 141, O6p. 2; Mmuee,
!,aunnoe 1984. 4a, O6p. l).
llpoeegeultre Aocera pa3xoIIKLI ca B ceBepo-
3anaAHus My ceKTop. Pa:xpuru ca yqacrtlluoT cT,oTBeTHUTe kJpTr{Hri, 3ana,qHaTa nopTa I4
H.SKOJTKO XynA. BCUUI<U rr3CJIeABaHrr Kynr{ ca
U-noAo6nra B nnarl, Karo re3lz no 3arlaAHara
kTpruaa, BKJrrorrrrrerFro {r:r anrlrp arqure sa-
naAHara nopra, ca c ro-3HaqrITerHLi pa3MepLI
(O6p. 86). ,{e6enanara Ha KypruHl4re LI cre-rrrrre Ha Kynr.rre e KT,M rr Ha,q 3 u. B t<y:rure
ca perlrcTpupaHr4 no E KoJlKo IroAoBI4 HuBa I.t
oItopHrl 3uAaHu IIuJIoHI{. rlacr or TLIJIoHIITe
ca Iro-K6cHLr, BT,B BpT,3Ka C IrO-rOpHuTe Hr4Ba
or V-VI B. (Arauacoa 1997 , 49-52; louvena2002, 221-222, 225, O6p. 3; ,{ouueea 2003;
,{ouueea v ap. 2007; Pycen u ap. 2008).Ma,rxo ca iacera r3cre.[BaHHTe nocrpofiKnu cl,opb)KeHr4q or KPE eT,e BbrpemHocrra
oKoro 5 xa ([pevcu:oea-HervnHoea u tp. 1991,
39) u,lr.r oKono 4 xa (,{onreaa, Croiixoa 1999, 70).
Bb3 ocroBa Ha r3BecrHlrr o6ul nraH (O6p. 8a), re. rra n,raHa Ha K. lfkopntr,r, TortHl4 l,r3tll,rcJleHrt He
t\,rofar na ce Hanpasn Hanreana ce, qe tioBfiTe .qan-
HnJ locoqeHr e rercra - 5,2 xa, ca pe3yrrar or ca-BpeMeHHx r.i3NrepBaHnr lra repega na o6erra.
426 Betnpctaa Iuxuee
rra KoBaqeBcKoro Kane. /4Be rrocrpofiKr{ cr,cconr.IAeH fpaaex cpaBHI.rTeIHo MaJIKa, e.q-
HO(aMepHa, c KaMeHHa rrnacTr.rqHa ynpaca(e:r.rvecr<rz xpal"l ?) ll no-rorxva, AByKaMepHa(c u.lxaxnu o6qecrBeuu @yuxquu) - ca pa3-
KpIITIT B 6:rfisocr Ao 3ana"{HaTa rropTa (AoH-r{eBa, CroilKoB 1999, 71, 74-75; louteea2002, 222-223, 276-227 ; ,{ou.reea, CroilKoe2002, 95). ,{o ceeepnrra xpaii na 3arraAHara
KypTrrHa rrsK oTrracTr.t ca pa3KpHTI-I ocTaHKI{Ha csoptxeHve, cBbp3aHo "c lr3nor3gaserolrnfi pa3npeAeneHr{ero Ha no,qa" (,{ouuena uap. 2004, 115-116; Brix ryK O6p. 8a). lloee-qe ca ycraHoBeHrire fiocrpoftKu (npe4rauuoxa-riurqnlr) or V a. n oco6er'ro or VI n., xo-IaTO Ce 3aCTpOqBaT IIJIT,THO Ii I43CJIeABaHI4Te
repeuu nonpaii BbrpeuHare Jmrla Ha 3anaA-
Hara I4 ceBepHara Kyprr.rua (Arauacon 1997,51, ,{onvena, Croiiron 1999,72-7 6; [ouueua2002,222; louuena, Croiiron 2002, 96; .{ou-qesa 2003, 92; {onvena u gp. 2004, 114- 115;
,{onueoa u gp. 2007,291). Eaua MpaMopHa
onrapHa Maca, orxpr4Ta cryvaiiHo npeArr ro-Ar4Hr.r B Helr3IroJI3BaHa IIelII 3a Bap, e I(OCBeHO
yKa3aHrre 3a rrpeAcTaBHTeJrHa xpr{cTHrHcKa
KynToBa ctpaaa, I43AI4fHara KBM r.rnH cneA
Kpzur Ha IVe. (AraHacon 1981) Jlorarrusll-
paHra, Ho Herr3cJreaBaHl{ ca ocHoBHr{Te npeA-rpaAr.rJr n HeKponontr (Onvapoe 1984,36-37;lonuena 2002,225, O6p. l). flo epeue naI,r3fp (Aanero Ha Kosaqescxoro KaJre B He-
roBr{re oKolrHocrr, nogo6no na lpaglErqerolpa c. Bofinoga, e r4MaJIo I.IHTeE3r4BHo Irpo-rr3BoAcrBo Ha crpor4reJrHa xepaurlra. I4 ryxBeqe e cl6paHa orpoMHa KoJreKrlr{r Ha ryxnuc pa3nurruu, eAHo- r.i ABypeAoBr{ nesalu - An-nia, Marcict, Praeli, AvgglAnn, AvgglMar ur n. (nanp. ,{onveea 2002,223 u qrrr. raMny6:rr.ixaquu).
Or ueplronopcroT o rpaii6pexae ua npo-BLIHIII{I4re Scythia u Moesia secunda ca uz-BeGTIIU H'KOJTKO 3HaqHTeJIHlI yKpeneHlt IIeH-Tbpa, BB3HIiKHanrr r4rrH CTaHaJTLI TaKr.{Ba cneArpax na III y. - Tirisis (Acrae'), Timum, r. aap.Expeucxo Kane npr4 c. KpaHeBo rr qeHTbptT
no.f ,qHernHr{-s rp. O6sop (O6p. l). 3acerao6aqe ue e curypHo Aarrr.r roBa ce cfiyr{Hro B
rpanuqure ua KPE, l.rnr.r na cle4naqu.s rlepu-oA (T. Hap. pannonu:auraiicxa enoxa - 395-610 r.) na rr,cnara aHTnqrrocr.
Tirisis e B tox(Hr.tl rrepHoMopcxn yqac-r6K Ha npoBriHrlux Scythict (O6p. 1). Ilpue:rc HMero Ha Hoca. arpxy roiiro ce HaM pa(O6p. 9a) ra xoiiro e uaii-u:gagennrr no :a-
O6p. 8a. Iltau ua Ko6c[ve6cKomo Kcue npu zp. Ilonoco(no lllrcopnu I905, nn6t. C I / 3a; c dom'tuenua ua
fiorneea 2002, 225, O6p. 2), (c uon 8.,Q., oSpa6ornxa).
ll
O6p. 86 N
I
0 5 10m
O6p. 86. nau ua sanaduama nopma uaKoaayeecxonto xcttte (no fiouueso 2002,
225, O6p. 31, Q:ton B- [., o6pa6omrca).
.3 1- :anagna nopra2 - cerepua nopra
3 - rpace uaBOAOnpOBOA
N
1
O6p.8a
Hocume xt crLopwucxu yeHtnpase a Scythia u Moesia Secunda 427
naAHur 6p-{r Ha qepHo Mope r.r3o6qo (AHec
Hoc KaruaKpa). Hocrr n cerr4lllero ca or-6e.:r.rgaHr.r B pa3nvrrHr.r aHTHqHr.r, rrpeAr{MHo
fgofpaocKr'r r43Boprr. cenr4 Iero [pr4cscTBa
I4 B 3ara3eHZS npe r.{c Ha lleerranrepoearaKapra or IV n. B,4pyru r.r3Bopu or IV r.r V e.
o6a.Ie He ce crroMeEaBa. C uouoro c-a nllEAcrae, e or6en{3aHo B pa3nur{Hu r.r3Boplt orr'r 3a VI B., BKjrlorrrrreirHo B rpancKur "fl6re-nognre:r" na XuepoK6n (BIrx lxlrHroB u Ap.1990, 9-15 r.r qlrr. raM r{3Bopu). Ecrecreeurl-re laAeHocrr.{ Ha Hoc KanrraKpa ca 6:raro-nprrrTHr{ 3a 3arur'rTa My u npe,4nocTaB.,rT BuAa
Ha cT,oTBeTHr.{Te CbOpS}(eHfiS - flpefpaaHliyKpefineHr.ls. Tyx aua ocraHKn or rpr{ K6c-HOaHTUqHTT [pefpaAHH yKpenneHu.s, Ko[ToBeqe ca rr3cJreABarru u [y6nr.iKyBaHpr. florBa-ra v'lr 6elexu oT,4eJrHHTe eTarrH rra Ilpoc e-pr.rrera Ha Tirisis (Acrae). Br,rpeurnoro yx-penneHrre 3arqr.rTaBa qeJIHaTa rlacT Ha Hoca.
,{s:rrxunara My e K6M 30 lr. Bxmovna e4nar{erripr{trurHa B rrnaH Kyna u nopra (O6p.9a). To .rry6rnpa no-paHHrI yKpeIIl{renrrn cB-
opT,)KeHus oT ejrlrHlicTrrqecKaTa enoxa LI oT
BpeMero Ha flpunuunara (lNunros r lp.1990, 131-164). C eai{cro 3HaqeHr.Te 3a Aa-
TrrpalteTo r{ uHTep[perr.IpaHero My e oTKpI4-
Trrrr ryK orluquanen crporrreneH HaAnuc
or 341-342r. (Barxancra 1974) Cpe.auoro
yKpenneHne e Ha 325 M npeA BT,rpelnHoro.
3arasesara My AT,nxI.rHa e 162 u. Oruaqa-
JlO e HalpaBeHa caMo rlperpaAlraTa creHa(eran 1-1). Crea rosa npeA rJraBHI4t BxoA
e rz3Ar4fHaTa IIpaBoT,rbnHa HaABpaTHa Kyna
(eran l-2) (O6p.9a,96). llo-r<rcno creHara
e yAe6eneHa u cHa6gena c rprr HoBrr, Kp:6lnl]
B rrnaH KyJrri (eran 2). ,{arupoexure, cuopeg
npoyqBarenr.rre, ca: B Iipaq Ha III B. 3a eran
1-1.; s 341-342 t 3a eralr 1-2; n rpal na V
- HaqaJloro Ha VI n. ga erar. 2 (,{NI'rnroa H
ap. 1990, 76-131). Btsusoro yxpenneulre
e na 41 0 r'r npeA cpe,{Horo. ,{srxunara rty e
422 n,t. Orqe orHarlaJlo ro e c MorqHa creHa,
rc6ena 2,80-2,90 u, r c rler KynI{ (eran 1).
Tpu or ryrme, BKJrror{HTerHo re3rr nprl nop-rara, ca noAKoeonoao6Hll B rrJraH. [pynireABe Ca [paBoT,fBJIHH OTBT,H H Kp6CTOB]4AH]]
orBT,rpe. f]o-rr,cso 3an noprara ce [oflBsBaHaaBpaTHa Kyna, a no fipoTexeHxe Ha cTe-
HaTa - ABa ManKr.r, TparleqoBuAHv B nJIaH
6acruosa (eran 2). llocreAsu:re o-3I{a'IH-
Tenrrr4 rrpeycrpoficrna ca yge6e:r.nnanero ua
a\
06p. 9a
3 - upol renara xuruuna
200 m
O6p.96
1 - r. nap. r{eHrpalHa crpa.qa
2 - o6rqecraena 6aus
O6p. 9a. Ilnan In KbcHoptlrtcKLUt Tirisis (Acrae)
(no,Qzcuuzoe u dp. 1990, 118, 157, 188, O6p. 132, 171. 196), (c uoa- B. ,Q., o6pa6onrca).
O6p. 96. tltau Ha pa3Kpumume ocmaHKu e cezepo3anaduun cexntop na KbcttoptlucKufl Tirisis (Acrae)
(no tr4ocuQtoea 2000, 263, O6p. 1).
428 Beu4ucme Iuu'tee
eArrH yrracTsK B n3ToqHu_{ ceKTop Ha cTeHaTa
u Ao6aBsHero ryK Ha oUIe eAuH 6acrltoH c
nraH Ha rpaneu (eran 3). flpegroNeurzre ga-TUpOBKT{ Ca: BpeMeTO Ha BaneHT r{ nO-TOTIHO
364-316 r 3a erarr 1; xpar na IV - naqaroHa V B. 3a era[ 2; Haqano Ha VI B. 3a eral3 (.{xanroe n Ap. 1990, 24-69, 184). tlpupa3Ko[KBTe B OTAeJrHrrTe yKpeneHH 3OHr{
ca Ir3cIeABaHI{ pa3nuqHv KoMlJreKcr4, rro-
crpofixu r{ cropaxeulrr: T. Hap. qenrpanHa
crpaAa c aBop H ronsv 6po noveuteullrBr,B BbrperrJrrara :ona (O6p. 9a), rpu xo.rroca pa3rpaHrrqeHr.r aBa cTporireJrHlr neprroAa
or IV u VI n. (frour$ona il Ap. 1991, 190;
i4ocurlona v ap. 1994, 111; frocnQosa n
lp. 1995, 145); o6rqecraerla 6au-f, or IV n.
B CeBepoLr3TOrrHI-rt ceKTop Ha cpeAHaTa 3oHa
(Eo6ueea 1973; eux ryx O6p. 9a), :a xoxroce AolycKa, qe e peKoHcrpynpaHa u yrone-MeHa B Haqarroro Ha VI s. (Iossifova 2002);r{Hcyna c e,{Ho- r{ AByKaMepr{u xIrJI}ItqHIictpaAz "or IV go nr,peara rroJroBuHa Ha
VII e." n cenepo3anaAHlrr cexrop Ha cpeAHa-
ra :oua (frocuQoea 2000; eux ryx O6p- 9a u96); rorrnr Hexponon BT,B BbHrrrHara 3oHa c
Ir3ceqesE B cKaJrHHr rpyug rpo6oee ra rpo6-HI4qLr c xpr4 crrirHcKa opr4eHTaqr4.s or "IV s."(Ky:uauon 1971; Ky:vaHoe 1979', ilocu$o-Ba r.r Ap. 1994, 111; frocrz$oea a gp. 1995,
146; frocr.rSoea, Pasuvxoe 1996, 105;) u:tuor "IV-VI n." (llerpynoea 2006; flerpynoea2008, 57 2-51 3); pa3rrpe.qenrrreneH Bo.{eH pe-
3epBoap npr4 3anaAHrrr ceKTop Ha BGHrrrHoTo
yKperrneHHe, cBT,p3aH c BoaonpoBoA, npea-xoxAarl no.{Bara Ha nocreAHoro (.{Nuuronn Ap. 1990, 24-25,68); cpaBHrrrenHo rorlt-Ma rrpaBor,fsjrHa crpaAa - Bepo.{THo Ka3ap-
Ma, c Marepuanrr "or V-VI n." e 6flisocr ao3artaaHrrs xpaii Ha BlHrrrHoro yKpenneHue(lxranroe u ap. 1990,69-70). Herpono:r c
r43ceqeul{ B cxanara xpucra.nrcru rpo6one urpo6nnqu e ycraHoBeH r.r Ha H-sKorKo crorr4H
Merpa npeA (cenepiro or) rr,rilrnoro yxpe-nreuue (flxuuroB x.(p. 1987, 199). llpue-Ma ce' rle ro.f,BaTa Ha ro3H Her{ponon e cneA
[3fpax.qaHero Ha BBHrrrHoTo yKpenneHHe uu3ocTaBsHeTo Ha HeKponona B 3oHaTa 3aA
(toNuo or) uero (flxurroe 1989, 28). 3arqn-renara o6rqo nllolrr BT,3nz3a Ha oxo:ro 1 5 xa.
,{ee rperu or Het ce fia4ar Ha BtHtrlHara yK-peneHa 3oHa - T. Hap. npenrpaArie (flxr.ruroe1989, 38). C ra:u :osa BctrrlHocr K6cHoaH-'r kqHHer Tirisis (Acrae) craea neiicrs rerHoron.sM IIeHT:r,p. Tona npe4onpe4en.s u oco6e-Hulr uHrepec ryK r(6M BpeMero Ha Heiiuoronpuo6rqaeaxe, pecTrexTr.rBno RT,M AararaHa BTlHrrHoro yKpenneHue. flo e4na uruapyra IIpEr{r4Ha pa3KonKIiTe }Ia KscHoaHTItq-
HHTe yl{pellneHr4.r Ha Hoca He ca npeAocTa-BLIJIH IIO-TOqHI4 apXeOIOIlIqeCKIl AaHI{U 3a
TqxHoro aarl{paHe c H3KlrrorreHr4e, pa:6upace, Ha crrolleHaTut cTpollTeneH uagrtuc orl3a BtTpernHoro yrpenneHr{e. tr4:loxenaraIIO-fOpe XpOHOJIOfT{' Ha OTAeJrHr4Te eTarrr{
lla BBHIITHOTO yKpenneHHe, KaXTO BnpOr{eM
u Ha cpeAr{oTo yKpenneHHeJ ce ocHoBaBa
rra rrcropr.iqecKrr npe3yN{rruau. Axrya:rnaraoIIeHKa Ha Halrr4qHara unt[opir,raqur o6a.ielopax{Aa i43BecTHI{ cT,MrreHE.tr B Ta3ri xpo-Horou4.{. Tara, cnopeg flpr4eroro HarracBa-
He KbM r4cropuqecKHre cr,6HrHq. atrHta.qe TpLITe oTAaJreqeHr.r yKpenneHnfi Ha Hocaca E3Ar{frIaTLI B fpaHrrqHTe Ha TpvAeceTlr-Ha roArrrru - Mexgy 341-342 u 364-376 r.
Taroea pa:pacreane n no4o6en cpox o6aue
TpyAHO Ce Bnr{CBa B... HopManHr'rr pr.rT6M Ha
pa3Br{Tuero Ha erI4H ceJII4IIIeH u/Eru BoeHeH
qentsp. XponoJrorlrqecKaTa ril{OopMarlllf,oT napanenr4Te I{a KoM[oHeHTIITe! Ha Kynr.rTe
B TIaCTHOCT, Ha BT,HIIIHOTO yKpenneHl{e He e
eIHo3HaqHa. Bxpno e, ue nogxoeonogo6nu-Te B rrJrarl Kynli Ha BSHrrrHoTo yKpenneHr{e
ca no-xapaKrepHu :a KPE. Kr,cnopr.nrcxr.rreIIpeAcraBIireJlH Ha ro3r{ Tr.rr xyru o6ave canpeAHMHo rt:ronu. Ornocno Kynr{Te c npa-Bo6f6Jlelr OTB6H rr KpECTOBT4AeH OTB:r,Tpe
nnaH rlpu BlHIIrHoro yKpennerrr4e sa Tirisis(Acroe) ce r43rr,(Ba, qe H{Mar y6egure:rrnrapanenlr (lxunron u gp. 1990, 68). Taxunaryru o6aue r{Ma HarrprrMep npr'r peA ceBep-
noatlpuxancxr.i xpenocrx or VI e. (nHN Top-6aroe 2002, 231-232, 6et. 270 H qnr. rar,rnpr.ruepu). C eaxeH "npzuoc" 3a cbMHeHrrr-Ta B npeAIoxeHaTa xpoHonoru_rl Ha eTaIIuTe
Hocume xtcuopttucxu qetrnpose Ha Scythid Lt Moesia Secrmda 429
Ha BT,HIIIHOTO yKpeIIneHIIe e CIIOMeIIaTI{'TfontM xpHcTII_flHcKI{ HeKponon B 3atqIITe-IraTa oT Heto 3oHar2. AKo lrotBara Ha yKpe-
IJIeHLIeTO II LI3OCTaB'HeTO Ha HeKpOtIOJIa, e
rrrKT,Ae KT,M 370 r, ro Tirisis (Acrae) We eptA6I< cnyqaii, nplr ToBa Ee caMo B rpaHrr-
\l\Te Ha Scythia, c rrbnHaTa xpr4cTrrtHt43aULIt
rra HaceJreHr{eTo cLI Ao Ta3rr aaTa. csrqeBpe-MeHHO JIIinCaTa Ha LIHBeHTap HnX HaJTIIqIIeTO
Ha TB6p,4e OCK6,IIeH TaKT,B B rr3CneABaHItTe
rpo6oBe rr rpo6Hr-rqr.r e rroKa3aTeJr 3a Beqe
yTBBpAeH xplrcrr4rHcKrr nofpe6aneH o6peA,Koero IIaK 611 6uno cTpaHr{o aKo Bcr.rqKu Te ca
cT,opb}(eHH npearr locnelHaTa qeTBT,pT Ha
IV e. Haxpa-a rlarcr,r, ue HaA r;r3cJreABanr{re
fpo6oBe n rpo6nuqn e ra:II 3oHa He ca ycra-HOBEHU OCTAIIKH I,I HI,IBA OT V-VI B, MoXe Aace Tr,nKyBa KaTo KocBeHo yKa3aHLIe 3a ToBa,rle aaTaTa Ha u3ocTaBtHeTo Ha HeKpononaHe e MHolo ornareqena or KpaiiHara Aat a Ha
Tirisis (Acrae) u3o6uo. Macnx, ve r.rsJro)Ke-
Hr4Te cbo6paxenrirr u tbaKTti HacorrBar KBM
peBr.I3rrr Ha xpoHoJrofr{rTa Ha BBHtxHoTo yK-peEneHr're, B qacTHocr KEM npeAaTr.ipaHe Ha
no-rrBara My cneA Kptu{ Ha IV B. LIJo ce orna-cr Ao cpeAHoTo yKperrneHr{e, r{3rpa)KIaHeToMy B KPE e fio-Bepo.srHo, Ho cT,Luo He e 6e3-crlopHolr. HeMa:rosaNHa oco6eHocT B xa-
lr Kopexrno e Aa ce fiocoqu, qe loBeqero LI3-
eecrnn rpo6oee lr rpo6Huqu, AoKa3BauJn HaJlur{rr-ero rrMeHHo Ha ronrM HeKporror, ca pa3Kpuru (Bnxq[T. r]o-fope B TeKcta clobtqeHu-q ga HeKpoTIoJIa BbB
Bbr{tunara yKpeneHa :ona) cneg orfleqarBaHero Ha
ocnoBHara ny6:ruraqur sa Qopru(rlrxaquonnmecrropr,xeHrr na uoca (,{xl,lHroa u ap. 1990).
1r fpo6r,r or "ll-lll e.", xofiro creuara Ha cpe.{-Horo yKpenireHlre npecrva (,{Nnuroe r np. 1990,
128), naza lerminus posl tluen?,Ho He cnoMafa MHo-ro Ja npeufl jhpaHe Ha BpeMero Ha Hei:iHoro H palK-
Aane. KoceeH terminus ante quem B cny:].ax AaBaHaqalHaTa IaTa Ha c[oMeHaTara B TeKcTa l{Ucyna ceaHo- H ABykaMepHH cfpa.qlr. KoqTo or{eBHAHo e cL-o6pa:eua crrc creHara Ha yKpenneHuero (O6p. 96).O6rqara garrpoetra Ha crpaAnre e uHcylara - "orlV lo nupeara rolroBriHa Ha VllB.' ti4ocrsosa2000. 267), o6ave chrrlo He e noAKpeneHa c KoHKper-Ha AaHHR. Aarxpaulu HaxolKu ce rocoqBar caN{o 3a
eaHa oT crpanr.rTe rI ToBa ca MoHeTH oT BTopaTa lro-roe Ha ua VI a. (l4ocr.rrlosa 2000, 268).
paxrepr{crr4Kara Ha Tirisis (Acrae) za epette-TOJ KOfaTO TOBa yKpeflneHl]e e 6l,Ino peAHo,
a 3ault{TeHaTa njlorq - oKoro 5 xa, e en,llrHa caMoro yKpenneHrre. I1'speouaualHo ro ecaMo e,4Ha nperpaAlla cTeHa r{ e TBT,pae cna-
6o or r:regna rorl(a Ha MepoaaBHHTe roraBar.I3r'rcKBaHr4r 3a oopTrisuKaqr4oHHa 3alqura.Br,:uoNnoctute My He ca HapacHaJIu 3Haqrl-
feflHo r.r c nocrreaBanofo Ao6aBsHe Ha Haa-
BparHara Kyna fipu noprara (o6p. 9a, 96)-
Clegonarelno, BT,3HHKBaHero 14 nT,pBfi.{T,
eBeHTyanHo KBcI{opr.IMcKIItT, eTan or oyHK-rlr.ioHHpaHeTo Ha ToBa yKpeueHlre MofaT ,44
ce [pr{[I]rnaT Ha I4HItIIrraTI,IBa Ha MeCTHOTO
HacejleHlre, a He Ha HrKaKbB cTpaTeILIrIecKLr
3aMr{cT,JI Ha r{MnepcKara aAMr4HucTpallu-s.
Timum, t<ofrro ce crloMeHaBa caMo [p]iPanencxriq aHorruM, cr,rqo e B roxnus r{ep-
HoMopcKr.r yrracr6K Ha npoBnurlus Scylhicr,Ha 7-8 Kr.rnoMerpa 3anaAlro or Acres (O6p.1). Jloxana:rapa ce B M. I:bn6o(a Kpafi c.
Br,rrapeeo, o6,racr .{o6puu. Ha repena uyca pefucTprrpaHrr Tpr.r oTAenHrl KpenocTr{,onpeHl4 BTIB BUCOKU.{ u OTBeCeH TyK MOpCKU
6prr. Haii-snavureJrrrara e c rbopN{a Ha He-
lpaBrrneH .reTHpuT,ff nHrrK rr IIno I oT 6-7
xa. Ao HeiHx.{ lorolr3ToqeH lhr6n e r. Hap.
rlr.rra,qena (unn orqe Krcvyx xare), r<orro e
c HenpaBr.rJlHri oqepraHus 14 cpaBHrirenHo
MaJrKa lJrorq. Ha oxolo 80 M saIIa,4Ho or ro-JrtMara ltpefiocr e r. Hap. xacrer (aru orqeEyrox xa,re), r<ofiro e c rpaeolrc:rHa rfopuarr rrJrorrl oKoJro 1 xa. tr4va noAarKr.i 3a forqM6pofi crpaga e orAennrrre Kpenocrn. Curyp-HO e HaJrrrLrr.reTo r{a npeacTaBI4TenErI II6pKB}iB roJItI{aTa KpenocT rI B T. rrap. IIr4TaAena.
Br,: ocnona na gaHnu or repeHHv na6:*ore-Hr.rr u cfyqaiiHr.r HaxoAKr.r ce rpeAnorafa, qe
Te3H ABe KpenOCTrr Ca r{3Ar{fHaTU K:bM Kpaq
na V - naqa:roro ua VI e., AoKaro 3a r. Hap.
KacTeiI ce AonycKa llo_sBa K6M cpeAaTa Ha
VI e. (uanp. Top6aroe 2002,232-242 *t \ur.TaM rr3cJIeABaHru)- 3anovnarlrre HacKopopa3xorrru sa Timum (Ky:on n ap. 2007; Ky-3oB 14 Ap. 2008) nce orqe ca 6eg pe3ynrar c
ofneA npeql-I3rrpaHero Ha xpoHorofr{.rra Ha
oTAeJIHT{Te KperrocTr4.
430 Bettluctae IIuu,tea
lorqN,roro Erpencxo Kane (Crane.t ?)
Kpafi c. KpaneBo, o6racr ,{o6plav! e B ceBep-
Hr.rs Kpaii Ha qepHoMopcKuf yrlacTsK Ha npo-Btrljtl]ls Moesia secunda (O6p.1). To e er,pryBT4COKO KpafiMOpCKO B63BHrrIeHr.{e }OXHO OT
Aonr4Hara Ha p. EaroBcKa. I4va lr,ag 35 nylltIr noHe ABe nopru (eux Ky:ee 1981 ,281-289n qHT. raM ny6nnxaqNu). 3acera o6aqe ro see 6uro o6exr Ha cr,ull4Hcxo apxeorroruqecxonpoyqBaHe v EaTaTa Ha BTT3HHKBaHeTO My B
fpaHuqr.rTg Ha KbcHaTa aHTr{qHocT He e .{cHa.
Harruero e 6rusocr - B aolrxrrara Ha p. Ba-
roecra (log Bl3Brnuerruero c Er<peucxoro
Kane), Ha Apyra "KT,cnoaHnzvna" xpenoclB KOqrO Ca Ii3BBpUeHLI OfpaHIIIeHI{ flpoyrl-BaHu.s (ToHireBa 1953; Bouruaron 1977), no-cTaBq B:bnpocuTe 3a xpoHonorHrlecKoTo cb-
orHac.rrHe u (byHKquoHanHr{re Bpr,3KI{ Mex.qy
.qBere Kpenocrr{.,{oxorxoro cLrHXpoHHoro
HM LI3fp&(AaHe e rro-MajrKo Bepor{THo, To cOINEA HA MECTOIIOJ]OXCHIIETO I,INI, A C6IqO U
Ha rlaxra, r{e B r{ o(oJro Mscroro }Ia AoJrHara
Kpenocr uMa Marepr{anu u or II-IV e. (Haup.
Baclr:r.ruH f919, 1I5), no-paHHara notBaHa csrrara I{3rJrexAa rro-Jrorfiqra. Toea nr'rnpe.4nonafa rorBara Ha Er<pencxoro xa.re ga
e KbM rrlru creg naua:toro na V n.
Krcnoanrr'r-rHnsr yrpeneH IreHT;p noA
.[.HeuHHr rp. O6rop. o6nacr Eyprac. e B rot{-Hr.i-{ Kpafi Ha rrepHoMopcKll{ yqacTr'K Ha fipo-
Br4]Jtfiifi. Moesia secunda (O6p. 1). llora:are-nr{ 3a HetoBoTo 3HarreHHe ca fojltMara My Kpe-
nocr - oKoiro uJru gopu tap,20 xa, aaHHLITe 3a
IlpeacTaBr{TenHa apxllTe(Typa u IIeHHUTe Ha-
xogru (,{uuuee 2001, 728; r{uu6y:reea 2006;
,{uuona 200 8). 3a cr,xa.IleHlre, I43BT,pIrIeHI.ITe
AOCefa npoyr{BaHus B o63op ca c I4HqIl'qeH-
TeH XapaKTep, Manbx o6xBar I.I He crloMalaT 3a
yTorrHsBarre Ha xpoHonofH.sTa Ha To3Il IIeHTbp.
O6cto.stercreoro, qe roil e HaqaJren rryHKT IiocHoBHa 6a:a na I4sro.{uo-6anxaHcrara npe-
fpa4na nuHltt o6a'{e AaBa B63MoxHocr no
KOCBeT{ rrT,T Aa Ce npeAnonoxll BpeMeTo Ha
HeroBara no.{sa. OaMogHara rrperpa,[a, Koqro
3arroqBa or rofo3ara,{Huq t,r6r Ha O6:opcraraKpeIIOCT 1I IIpOAEJIXaBa B npoTexeHrre Ha Ae-
1930,204-223), eABa Jrr.r e crpoeHa Ha orAen-
Htr, orAarerreHr.r Br,B BpeMero eranu. tr4snrp-
[eHIITe HaCKOpO pa3K0nKrr ,4OKa3aXar rre eAHH
or ocHoBHr4Te ir xoMnonerrrli - KoMrIJreKcT,T
na Xeucxute floprlt, e Ir3AIItHar B Har]aJloro
aa V n. (,{r.ru'ree u g,p.2007,115-117; ,{rtr.ren2008,441). Mlrcru, ue ra3r{ AarupoBKa Molre
Aa ce ,qofiycHe H 3a ocTasaluTe KoM[oFre]rTr{
Ha rlperpa,Eala, BKJrloqlrreJrHo sa Hafi -gHaqu-
re:rrrara ir Kpenocr - Ha rler{rr,pa nog O6:op(.{uuvee u sp.2007, 127 -128).
Cnopeg axryalnara unSopuaqx.r, 6e:-cnopHIITe HoBrr foJreMr{ rIeHTpoBe Ha rrpo-Br4HrIHr4re Scythia u Moesia secunda rrpezKPE ca lbicla (o6rqo xr,n 24 xa; O6p. 3),
Zaldapu (xru 24 xa; O6p. 5), Abritus (xrv12 xa; O6p. 6), Tropaetm Traiani (o6tgo xr,rvr
10,5 xa; O6p.4), lpaglrqero npri c. Bofieoga(xr,n 10 xa ?; O6p. 7a), Transmarisca (5,5-6,5xa; O6p. 2) u Konauencro rare rpu rp. llo-noeo (5,2 xa; O6p. 8a) (O6p. 1, 10). llornarauu (n:rpax4anero Ha KlcHopr.rMcrrire Kpe-
rlocrlr B c:ryqar{Te c Transmarisca, TropaeumTraiani a Abritur) e MexAy Kpas na ill u cpe-
4ara na IV n. C uaii-panna gara ce oqepraBaKbcHoplrMcKara Kperrocr sa Transmarisca
B caMrrr Kpaii Ha III n. Kourperuu're 4an-HI,I 3A OCTAFIAJII,ITC HACOIIBAT K6M IIT,PBATA
IIoJIoBIIHa Ha IV B- Kru rpynara uoxe Aa ce
Ao6aBH r4 Tirisis (Acrae), Ho c yroBopKr.rre,
ve npe: KPE 3aqureHara My flJ]orq BKJrroqBa
caMo BGTpeuHaTa u cpeAHaTa 3oHa Ha Hoc
Ka:ruaxpa (o6rqo xrru 5 xa; O6p. 9a), u ue...
BCe IIaK AaTHpOBKaTa Ha Cpe,qHOTO yKpenne-
uue rpr6ea ga ce rrpeq 3r-ipa.
Hoel4re roreN{N qerrrpoBe na Scythia uMoesia secttndct HMar MorqHrz Kpelocrlr cge6enz xypruua, c MHoro KynH, c ao6pe yc-Tpoerru rr 3arrrvreHr.r noprr{, u r. n. Bne.rar-[{Balqo e cxoAcTBoTo BT,B BnAa Ha KynuTe
Ha IIeHTpOBeTe BT)B BT,TperrrHOCTTa Ha ABeTe
npoBuHrlnr.{ - roJreMu U-noAo6nu (npegrv-uo) u r uap- phrouria no xypruuure, Berpr{-Jro- I,IJru rroAKoBonogo6uu B ITJIaH no bt;rr{Te(O6p. 3-86, 10). Tesa Kyrrr{ ca orrrur{LrrerrHucerxrz KunoMerpl4 B 3anaAHa nocoKa (Skorpil
IToaume xtcuopuvcru 4eHnpose Aa Sq)thia tt Moesia SectLnda 431
3a KPE, a caMr.ire ueHTpoBe ca cpeA erairoHri-'re 3a (bopru$uKarlfis no roBa BpeMe r43o6rqo.
Marqa6uoro rrM crpor4reJrcrBo e 6lino o6e3-IIeqeHo c noao6aBaua opfaHr,I3aq}it, BKJITo-qHTeJrrro c r{HTeH3IrBHo npoH3Bo.qcTBo Ha
cTpoIITeJIHa KepaMLIKa B TeXHItTe OKOJIHOCTTi.
tr4:clegnarrure yqacrtrlu or Kpenocrra Ha
KpaiiAyHaBcKa Zrans mari s c d He caAocTaT6q-Hr.T 3a IIO-IIBJrHa xapaKrepHcTriKa. tr{urepeceue o6a're (baKrr,r, qe AoKaro ABere pa3Kpr.rrr.i
ceBepHH kJnrr! r{or.{To ca B KoHcTpyKTXBrra
B6p3Ka C KyprlrHara, ca pa3rr-rqHr-i oT fopHr.{-Te - I{BaApaTI{L{ B IIJIaH fl C6C CpaBHUTenUO
ManKfi pa3Mepr{, To ABeTe H3cneaBaH}i loxHr.tKyJruJ Kor.rro ca Ha oyfa cnpqMo rrTpTHHarau BeporTr{o ca goSaneun IIo-K:r,cHo, ca KaTo
ropHrrTe - c u-nogo6eH r.r noAKoBonoAeH
uraHr r.r c ro-3HarrureJrHu pa3Mepu (O6p. 2,
l0). llpe4eug Aarr4poBxara Ha Kperrocrra HaTransmarisca, 3acBuAereJlcrBaua c o0Hrlrr-aneH cTpouTeneH HaAnuc, To3H oaKT e ollleeaHo, NlaKap r.I KocBeHo noTBT,pxAeHUe 3a Aa-rHpaHero Ha Kpenocrr.rre H lbida, Zaldapa,Abritus, Tropaettm Traiani, lp4nrr\ero fipr.r
c. BoiiBoAa u KosaqeecKoro Kane cnel KpaJ{
Ha IIi e., r. e. B ntpBara rroJroBr.rHa Ha IV B.
tr4:lxrlo.{eHue c no-cna6r,Ire sr4 lroxa3arelrrrnpe: IV n. - caMo c eAHa HaABparHa KyJra,
e cpeAHoro yKperrneHr{e na uoc Ka,raarpa(O6p. 9a, 96). Karro 6e locoueno, ro roBaBpeMe ToBa yKpenneHr.re e BbHtrIHa 3atqflTHacrena Ha Tirisis (Acrae).
.{aunure :a nr,pnoHarlaJIIroro nnaHLIpaHe
Ha pa3rneAarIuTe IIeHTpoBe 3acefa ca ocK6I-nn. loraro ra Tr()fa?um Traiani ce.{onycKa.rre Ao BTopara noJroBr4Ha na iV e. e c r-rla-Hr.lpoBKa a ynrrr{Ha Mpe)Ka B cboTBeTcTBrre
c K;racrrqecKr4Te rpaAr4rlar{ (O6p.4), ro saZaldapa Hanplmep r.r3t;rex,qa, rre re3r.r rpa-.tr4rlurr iro Ha.]aro ca 6uru Henpucrrqu (O6p.5). llogo6aaarqo BHtrMaHue npr4 ycrpofteaHe-TO Ha Te3r.I IIeHTpOBe e OTAeneHO Ha T_TTXHOTO
eogocna6greaue. flora:arelcreo 3a roBa capa3Kpxrure HanprrMep tpu Zaldapa cropr-)r(eHr.rr, Kor-rTo pecne(TrrpaT c BrzAa r{ fpaAexac!r, a cbIIIo ycTaIIoBeI{r{Te pe3epBoapH LI Bo-gonpoeogu npll KoBaqeBcKoro Karre (O6p. 8a)
u Tirisis (Acrae). Tyx Moxe Ia ce crroMeHe fino-pannara qr4crepHa (castellum aquae 2) e3alaAH[s cexrop Ha Tropaeum Traiani (O6p.4), xoxro 6u cregea:ro Aa e OyHKquoHupanau npe3 nT,pBIiTe noHe IoAuHIt cjre,4 r{3fpax-IaHeTO Ha KT-CHOpHMCKZTTa My KpenoCT.
Crpyxrypnara xapaKTepucrr4Ka Ha KoiiTo
'I Aa e oT rrpeAcTaBeHaTe no-fope qeHTpoBe
Ar.Iec He Moxe Aa e rr3qeprraTenHa, rlo Bce
rraK Ha;rr.rqHara ilnrfopuauur HacorrBa K6M
onpeAeneHr.r u3BoAri. Tar{a Hanpr{Mep yc-TaHOBeHO e, UJIU nOHe Ce npe.Uonata, qe B
T.{X ]IMa BOeHHO TIpHCBCTBI{e - CBeAeHE.STa
B yotitia Digniturum n TrLtnsmdrisca- pL3-
Kprrrara Ka3apN{a s Abrilus (O6p. 6), eepo-TTHUST BOeHeH Jlafep B nO-MaJIKaTa KpenoCT
na lbida (O6p. 3) ri x H. BoeHHr.r rapHu3oHr4
rrpeAnonafa cEuo oxpaHaTa H rroAAp6xKaraHa BHyrrrrrrelrHrrre uM t<pe ocrr4 (O6p. 10).
C omeg Ha BoeHHHre peQopMri npe3 KPEMOXe Aa Ce AOnyCHe, qe C r.I3KJrrOqeHr{e Ha
Transmarisca, KbAero ca HacraHeHr{ rracrrr
or cr,craBa Ha rpaHr{r{Hrfle Boirctv (limita-nei), rapuuzouure B ocrauaJrr.rre pa3rne.[anr4
rIeHTpoBe ca oT c6cTaBa Ha BsTperrrHr{Te Boit-ctv (comitdenses). C:srqeepeueHHo e scr{o,qe Te3H rIeHTpoBe He ca caMo BoeEH Jrarepu
H qe BoeHHoTo rIpIIcT,cTBIIe B TtX He Ll3qepn-
Ba crpyKrypHure ri OynKr.IlioHanHrrre rrM xa-paKTepr{crr{Ku. .{l:rNuuure Ha KpenocrHI{TecTeIIE, pecneKTr.rBHo 3a44TeHlrTe rl]rorqlr,Ha IIOBeqeTO OT TSX HaAXBTrpn_gT C IIT,TII aHa-
r'ror rirrHrire noKa3arerlt Ha Hafi-3HaqI{TelIHIi-
Te HoBLI,6escnopuo (rz eguncrneno) eoennrlnarepfi or KPE, ycranonenr{ B npeAenrrre Ha
I4uneprura (eux nanp. Lander 1984, 181-I98, 261, 270-216, 300, 310). Br,:rraoxno e
cpe.4 npr{qr{HriTe 3a rrorBaTa Ha HoBHTe lon-HOAyHaBCKII IIeHTpOBe Aa e H HaMepeElreTO
3a r43[o;I3Bauero rrM Karo npelreunu 6a:n,lrafepl4 Ha toJIeMIr BoeHHr{ cu:tu, xorzro 6uxa
aoIIIJILI OT ApyraAe BTIB BpT,3Ka C HqKaKaKGB
cepr.Io3eH xondr:ruxr.Karo eaxHfi roMrroHeHTu Ha rlacr or pa3-
fJIeAaHHTe IIeHTpOBe r-I3Itl,KBaT I{ fOJIeMI{Te
o6lqecrBeHfi cKJIaAoBe 3a 3T,pHeHH xpar r -ro3r4 Ao 3anaArrar afiopralaa Abritas (O6p. 6),
437 Bentluctae ,quuvee
fpagurqerouplr Boiro,ua
Konaqegcroro xa;re flpu IIo oBo+
0 100
.-N -/t,,-- - -; -:-1:1r:-= =4/ ,'\! i-cal ----,-.* _-__-]b-i-= /
Trisis (Acrae)
200 300 400 500 m
O6p. 10
*ro:r n:ran e npuneaes s verprrqeu ]uaqa6 'rpe: crorrlolnerrle (pa.tt€/rvrerap - 3/4
O6p. 10. Cpaeuumenao ma6no c nnaHoaenxe Ha Hoeume KbcHopurtcKu qeHmpose
aa Scythia u Moesia Secunda.
Hoeume xt cuoptr,ucxu uetultpose Ha Scylhia u Maesia Secundct +JJ
ofpoMHaTa crpanac nBeitahotrea B 3anaaHl4tceKrop Ha Zaldapa (O6p. 5) u, eBeHryarrHo,T. Hap. ba.\ilica forensis - crpaAara B rIeH-
rpanHus cexrop Ha Tropaeum Traiani (O6p.4), uumo HHrepnperarlur Kuro horreum He
e cbBceM JllrttteHa or oclroBaHl{t. Clura'v,qe ycTaHoB.{BaHeTo }Ia [oAo6Hrr cKnaAoBe B
Ibida. fpuuwero npx c. BoiiBoaa Hru Ha-
rpulrep n KoeaueBcKo KaJre flpu rp. llonoso e
Bbrrpoc caMo Ha BpeMe r{ HoBr.r npoyqBaHrzr.He e asxlloqeHo HaJII4qI4ero Ha orle cKnaAo-
Be \r B Abritlts, Zaldapa u Tropaeum Traiani.3a Zaldapa orrte AHec Moxe Aa ce rB6pAr4, rre
cl,xpaHsBaHoro s HeiiHrlre crna,{oBe 36pHo
He e [poI43BeAeHO Ca tO OT r.r ]re e 3a Hyir{Ar4Te
caMo Ha HefiHHTe o6l.ITarenr4, Konro Bflpoqer{ntpBoHarraJrHo - B rpaur{qrrre na KPE, ueca MHoro6poftHr.r. Pa:ueplire E o6eMr4Te Ha
Beqe ycrarroBeHure ryx horrea (O6p. 5, 10)
noKa3BaT HrKOrr oT IIptqI4Hr{Te 3a OCHOBaBa-
Hero Ha caMara Zaldapa - 3arrureHo Aerro3a 3eMeAeJrcKaTa npoAyKrluq oT oKoJrHaTa
cencKa repriropux u cua6ganetna 6asa ga
rpaHaqHr.{re Kpenocrr.r no p. ,{ynan (.{ilnuen2005, 284).
Be:cnopno .sApo B crpyrrypara sa Abri-l s e roreMurr rreptrcrr4JreH praetorium, pa3-
Kpr{r B ceBepor.r3roqr i.{ My ceKrop (O6p. 6,
10). I4:mext4a, r{e roft He e rcrpaAeH 3aeAHo
c [rJlr4 BeAHafa cne/I KbcHoplrMcKaTa KpenocT,
HO BCe rraK rro-BeporTr{o M'l ce cTpyBa ToBa Aace e cnyqr.Iro npegli! a Ire c:reg rpax na IV e.
C no.qo6nu aAlrraHncrparr4 BHo-pe3ureHrlr.ian-
nu Qynxqulr 6n c:re4na:ro Aa e rr r. Hap. rleH-rpuHa crpaaa or IV n., u:c:re4nana (uo nce
orqe Heny6nvKyBana) 868 BtrpernHara yxpe-rreHa 3oHa Ha Tirisis (Acrae) (O6p. 9a).
Xpucruxncrlrre KynroBu crpaAv ! pa3-
KpHTr.{ B qacT oT pa3rneAaHriTe IIeHTpoBe,
ca npearrMr{o or V-VI n. Hauannrzre garrHa ABe or u3BecrHETe TIIpKBLI B TropaeumTraiani (O6p.4, 10) uanocneglK ce rl:reursrKr'M fl:spBara fio;roB]iHa na IV e. (? - B A )tr4nrepec [peAu3BrrKBa cpaBrirzreJtHo Man-Kara. Ho corHnrra KrrcHopHMcKa nocrpoiirac KaMeHHa nlacTlrrrHa yxpaca, pa3Kpr4Ta B
6nrz:ocr go :ara4nara nopra ua KoBaqeBcKo-
To KaJre. I4urepecsr n c:r) {all e o6ycnoBeH uor BT,3Mo)r(Hara ir unrepnperaura-r Karo e3H-
qecKrr xpaM. Ilpemeg:rr Ha o6qecrBeuaraapxuTeKTypa AorrbJIBaT cpaBEflTeJIHO cKpOM-
Hr4re repMn, pa3(pr.rrri n Abritus (o6p. 6) us Tirisis (Acrae'\ (O6p. 9a), raxro r'r HtKorr
cfpaAu c HeyToqHeHr.r Aocera, Ho BepotTHo
o6rqecrnenr.r rlyuxqrzn - HarlpuMep lro-ro-n-{Mara, AByKaMepHara cojrl4.qHa clpaAa up3anaAHara IIopTa Ha KoBaqeBcKoTo KaJre.
B lbirla, Zaldapa u Abritus, s Transmar-isca u Tirisis (Acrae), a cr,rlto B I-paAulleronpu c. Bofinoga r.r Konaqcscxo KaJIe He ca
ycr aHoReHH npeAcr aBHTernl..r nocrpoiixn u
KoMrrjrer(cr-i, cBLIAeTercTBatqa 3a aBToHoMHa
aAN{r4Hr-icTpaTr.rB}ra opraHfi 3aIIu.{ oT noJI ceH
rnn. !aHuu 3a no,,TricHa ypel6a rre Morar na
ce oTKpnrT rr B r{3BecTHHTe rlrrcMel{r{ LI3BO-
pu u enrlrparlcKr4 rraMerr{r{r1u. JloruqnzsrI,I3BOI er qe KT,M MOMeHTa Ha OCHOBaBaHe'fO
II B HaqaIHI4Te eTaIIU OT cT,qecTByBaHeTO
r{r\{ - ,{o rcpar na KPE, Te3u rIeHTpoBe He ca
rrpr{TexaBanr{ fpaAcKr.i cTaTyT. llpe3 v-vl B.
noBerrero or rtx ce c4o6lrear c raKbBr Ho Herrpe3 c63AaBaHe Ha rroJrlrcHr'r r.IHcTrITyIIIlu, a c
IE|I4TI,IMAqI4STA HA ]{ OT MECTFIIITE EIIfiCXOE-
cKr.r KaTeApu Ha qT,pKBaTa.
llpo6rerruara EHTepflperarlrrr Ha r. rrap.
basilica ;forensis (O6p. 4, 10) nocranx no4B1'npoc n poJU{Ta Ha cbulaTa KaTo apryMeHT
3a nonucHa ypea6a a Tropaeum Traiani npezIV s. 3acera npeArronoxeHr{ero 3a rpa.Ecxr-it
My cTaTyT rro ToBa BpeMe e B He MaJTKa cTe-
IIeH peBepaHc KtM HefoBoTo "c:raeuo N4rfira-
lo". Carypnure p\a:crltr 3a rpaaa B rr3Bopxre
or VI e. KopecnoHAupar Berre He c noJruc-Hara ypel6a, a c errrcxoruqra ua Tropaettm
Traiani.B pa:uegannre rleHrpoBe ca pa3Kpr-rrr4
3Haqr4TeJreH 6poii o6uxnoneHu, ro-MalrKr{I.iJII{ IO-rOJ]eMLI KaMeHHO-Kr{plUqeHLr Xrr-ruqa. Te o6aqe ce orrracrr npeAr{MHo KbM
V-VI e. 3a KPE ce orrepraBa KoHcrararrr.ura,ve e o6urupur.rre Kperrocrrl r{a re3u rIeHTpo-
ne (O6p. 10) unra cpaBrrr4renlro ua:ro6poii-HO IlOCTO-f,HHO HACEJIEH}IE I4 3HAqIiTCJIHI4
cBo6oAur.r repesz. lloAo6Ha KoHcrararlnt
434 Be uquc:ae ,[uu,tec
npeAnonara eaHa oT lrpl{r{l{HuTe 3a TrxHoToH3ffaxalHe.[a e nor3BaueTo HM KaTo y6e-i{{Ilula oT HaceJreIIIreTo rla oTKpL{TLrTe ceJ]HrIaB CbOTBeTHHTe OKOJTHOCTT4. IlO-:nagUtenen6poil o6uxuoeenr{ )Kr4:rtrxla orqe npe3 IV B.
ce rrpeArrojrara za Tirisit' (Acrae) - r{Hcyna-
Ta c eaHo- r.i AByKaMepHrr xEnrrrlHr.r crpaArrB CeBepo3anaAHr4r ceKTop Ha cpeAHaTa 3oHa
(O6p. 9a, 96), Ho 4aruponKure HM 3acera He
ca HaaexHo o6ocr:osanz. lpagcxuxr craryrnpes IV n. Ha Tropaeltm Truiani 6u oz:nasa-
Bar r4 rro-for.xM 6poii nocrornno HaceJreHr.re
- flpeallonoxeHrre! 3a KoeTo... csrqo ca Hyx-Hr,I HOBI4 AOKa3aTeJrCTBa.
Moxe aa ce o6o6rqu, rre HoBrire orJrrrq-
HO yKperreHr.r rIeHTpoBe Ha IIpoBHrrr]ur.rTe
Scythia u Moesia secunda rrMar onpelene-Ha BoeHHa po;rr! a cr,rllo $yuxuuu Ha llpo-noBo;rcrBeHH n cua6l.Hre,rHr 6arlr, rarro u
csoTBeTHa yrrpaBIeHcKa anMuHr.lcTpar{r.rs.
flovru lpr.r BcIIr{Ku e c(poMHo npr.rcbcr-Br4ero Ha o6rqecreeuu rocrpofixx c Apyfolpearra3Fraqerue. Crpoueu rrr,pDoHaqanHo
e u 6poxr Ha rocrof,HHnTe quaumru o6rna-TeJrlr Ha Te3rr qeHTpoBe, KoeTo lrpeAnonaraTe Aa ca nnaHHpaHH! 3aMrcireHr,r u KaTo c6-6upareluu nyHKToBe 3a HaceJreuuero II af-papHdra npoAyKrlHr oT oKoJrHocTr4Te rrM B
cnyuaii na oracHocr. Ha rosfi erafl He Moxe
Aa ce nperleHr{ Ko{ oT n3TBKrraTuTe (byHKqLIfi
e AoMrrHr4paqa lr ganu a:o6rqo EMa raKaBa.
B6:lN,roxHo e IIpII orAenHr4Te rleHTpoBe Aar{Ma rr3BecrHl{ pa3nr4KI,I g toea ottiomeHliet{.C u:xmoqenue ua Tropaeum Traiani, xoittoMOx{e 6U 3arla3Ba nO-paHI{aTa Cr.{ rroJrr{cHa
ypeg6a, ocrauaJruTe ue ca ocHoBalrll Karo
fpaAoBe 14 He rrpr4Ao6sBaT fpaacKu cTaryT Ao
ra Jlolr.r.rso e HaflpwMep npeanoroxeHr;rero 3a
BoeHHnr xapaKTep Ha MaJrKara rpetoc'r ua lbidana ce o6eepxe c... npe.qnoroxeHl,Ie 3a HeBoeHuu.f,
xapaKTep Ha roJr{Mara ir xperocr (3aMrccileua npe-
IrlMHo Karo y6exnrqeH rleHTsp ?) (O6p. 3, 10).
flo-ManKara, B cpaBHeHHe c noBeqero pa3rjreAaHli
ueHrpoBe- n,rout Ha Koaa,reecroro Kare Kpai rp.flonoao (O6p. 8a, l0) nrx pearronara fio-lr3rrBeHll
Qyurunu na rapwr:oueu (r cua6grre.nea ?) qenrspn [o-orpaux.reHt,t y6exnulsu $yHrqnr.
KpaJ{ Ha KPE. B:rsi\aoxHarr rpaAcr}r craryTHa KBcHopuMcKun Tropaeum Traiani (nuzu-pau ryK Karo "noe qenlsp" lopaAr.r ronsMaranona xpelocr) 6u c:regea;ro 4a pe$lerrupaLT BBB BriAa Ha o6rqecrneHara My apxuTeKry-pa (rpaNgancxa basilica .forensis ?; xpucru-rHcKH KyJrTOBlr CrpaaH oT IIT,pBaTa rroJroBHHa
na IV e. ?; O6p. a, 10). tr4snec:rna cnequ$nxanre frynrquu u crpyKrypa Moxe Aa ce npeA-
rrolToxr.r u za Transmarisca nopaArr rpaHurr-noro ir uoloNenue (O6p. 1). Ocnen ouura-Ta rro orHorrreHrre Ha rapHr{3oHa (limilanei),TO3II IIeHrT,p Hanpr'rMep no npe3yMnrluq He
6u rpn6ea:ro ga e cua64urerua 6a:a, a KpaeH
rryHKT 3a cHa6gleaue. Karo a:xmoqeuue ceoqepraBa u Tirisis (Acrae) - cr'c cpaBHuren-so cra6oro [peAHo yKpeu:reHue upe: KPE(nava:rHnre erarrrz Ha cpeAHara Ilpefpa,4a Ha
noc Karuaxpa) Ir, eBenryanno, c no-3uar{u-'r'eJIHaTa cTeIIeH Ha nocTorHHa 3aceJlellocTrro roBa BpeMe (O6p. 9a,96, 10).
C ome4 ua $yaxquoua:rHara cu xapa(-Tepllcrura, uoBHTe qeHTpoBe na Scythia uMoesia secuncla He sa yHuKanHo qBreHue.
Tara nalplluep e 6nz:ocr go salaAHara fpa-HHrIa Ha IIOCneIHaTa, T. e. B U3TOqHaTa rIaCT
Ha c-bccllH ara n poBHHur{ { Da c i a r i pe n s i.r. l oIAHerxHoro c. r{olrar<oeqa, o6lacr Bpaua, e
roKaJII.I3IrpaH ronnvr qeurlp (13-i 5 xa) or na-qarroro Ha KPE (O6p. l). tr4u$opuaqrzxra sa
Hero Bce orqe e ocxtqua (uanp. luuvee 2001,230), uo Moxe Aa ce Aorrycne, qe fipr4r{uHfi-Te 3a ocHoBaBaHero My ca Karo npu Zaldapa,lpaglrrqero npr c. Bofinoga nri KTrcHopnM-
cuus Abrilus. Pageuruero Ha rpaHuqm4.f,qen.Irp Augusta€ B AyHaBcKt4s yqacT:bK Ha
cT,qara rrpoBrrHrlnx (O6p. 1) e cxoguo, anlro-r{r4relrHo rro Aocrr{rHar Maula6 (K6M 8 xa), c
rlosa Ha Tronsmarisca (:uatp. ,{unuee 2001,232). Xapawepucruxar a ua D io cle tianopolisB [poBI{HrIr.u Thracict, KoiiTo e Harl-sHaq -TeIHLi.{T r{OB KbCHOpr.rMCKr{ rIeHTGp rra AIIO-
\*a Thracia u:o6u1o r.r e B HanpeAnan erafiua npoyrlBaHe (Ma"{xapoe 1993; Magxapon,Tanueea 2008), npe1ocraB-q He MalrKo aHaJro-rHH n-bK za Tropoetrm Traiani - KJIacHatecKa
opTofoHanHa nnaHupoBKa u ynfirrHa Nrpexa,
Hoeume x,ocuoptLucxu 4earnpoee na Scythia u Moesia Secunda 435
rrp eAcTaBr.{TenHr.{ Ll y'runuT apl'i'u o6rqe cTB eHII
crpaAfi, fon.sM 6poii qrpreu, BKJrroqr4TeJrHo
raKuBa or IV B., r.r r. H. tr4HrepeceH e (baKrb!r{e B6flpeKfi rpa,4cKaTa cBcTaBKa B r.rMeTo uoqeBr.rAHrrr f paAcKrr o6rux, D i o c I e t i ano p o I i s
3acera cBlllo He e npe.qocTaBI{JI aaHHLI 3a IIo-nr4cHa ypeA6a (,{unuee 2001, 236).
Hoenre qeHrpoBe Hd Scythia v Moesiasecunda He ca yHIIKaJIHo tBJIeHIre, Ho lro6poa ua HoBr4Te cH roJreMH rIeHTpoBe re3r{
ABe npoBr.rnr1r{[ ca 6e: "xomcypenru" cpegocTaHaJIIiTe K6CHOpI.IMCKU npOBLIHIII{I4 Ha
Ea:marure a:o6rlo. C omea ua reorpa@-cKoTo pa3rrojroxeHHe npaBl.i BneqarneHlIe,qe Ao(aTo AyHaBcKaTa rparrHua u rrepHo-
MopcKoro rpait6peNue ca caMo c no eAr{H
rlpeAcraBlrren - cr,orBerHo Transmarisca nTirisis (Acrae), ro BcarIKI.I ocraHaJrr{ ca BbB
BT,rperrrHocrra na Scythia u Moesia sectmda(O6p. l). Br,rperuHtr ca u Haii-3na.rurenHu-re cpeA rqx lbida, Zaldapa, Abritus u t. rt.(O6p. 10) Mucl-x, ve re3u Koucrararlr.ur 3a-
cryxanar no-o6croeH KoMeHTap.
B pa:nuruero Ha pr.{Mcxara trpoBr4Hrlrtx
Moesia inferior, ur.{rrro HacneAnr{q}r ca KbcHo-priMcKara eAHor.rMeHHa npoeun4us u Scythia,
nepuoAbT or Haqanoro Ha II B. ,qo Kptur Ha 30-
Te roAaur{ Ha III B. e BpeMe Ha npocflepr.rrer.
Cra6uru:lrpanero Ha rparrr4qara ro .{omrux{yuar e cBnpoBo,4eHo c ycrpofinauero uapeA BoeHHE nareprr, Kpafi Kor4To ce pa3BaBar
rlr-tBl4nHrr cenr4rlla. llocrenenno cenuluaTa
Kparl flo-roneMr.rre narepH - Novae, Duros-torum, Troesmis u Noviodunttm (O6p. 1), ce
pa3pacrBar u rplr.4o6uear npaBa Ha MyHrrqu-
nlrs. B KpaiiHr.r.s 3aJraAeH AyHaBcKr.r yqacrbKHa npoBrrHrlr.r.{Ta, xoiiro creg npar Ha BTopara
raxlriicxa eoiiHa e 106 r neqe He e rpaur4ireH,
ce HaMupa Oescus (O6p. 1) - eguncrnerlra.rr
ir qeump c paHr Ha Ko:roHzt. CnoKoiicrefie-To lo rpaHr.rrlara oKa3Ba 6raronpurrHo nr,:-
;eiicraue rr B6pxy crapr.rre rplqxr'r rp4qoBeno qepHoMopcKoro rpafi6pexze - Histriq, To-
mis, Callatis, Dionysopolis, Odessos (O6p. i),Karflo rr BT,pxT xHBoTa 86B B:bTperrrHocTTa Ha
rrpoBr.{HulllIra. B rpocrpancreoro MexAy p.
,{ynan u Crapa n:ranuua, que,ro traeHo 614ro
craBa [poBHHrIfiMHa rpaH]4IIa K6M Kpa.{ Ha
II n., ce norn.anar Muoro orKpI4rI'I, HeyKpe[e-
Hrr ceJlnlqa r.{ Brlnl4. OclroBaBar ce Lr fpaAoBe
- no r.rHr.rqrrarl4Ba Ha LlNlneparop Tparu, xmopeanHoTo xM I43fpa)KIaHe npfiK.[IorrBa cneA
KpaJr rra ynpaBneHnero My. To:r yp6ana:aqr.i-
OH9H TJIaCT'K B pa3BIITI'IeTO IIa BbTpeIxHOCTTa
Ha npoBuHqLIJITa o6a.{e He e nocneABaH orApyrr{ raKr{Ba s [pe3 llpuHqurlara ryK LIMa
caMo Tplr rleHr6pa c 6e3cIIopHH MyHIlIfuIIarHIrtpar,a - Marcianopolis, Nicopolis ad Istrum uTropaeum Traiani (uanp. Tavena 2004, 71-84;
Br{)r ryK O6p. 1). Te u:meN,Aa ca yKpeneHLI
cKopo cneA 170 r., xoraro llarlecrBr'{ero Ha
Kocro6oKr4re HapylllaBa 3a Kparxo cnoxoiinaqxr.iBor B rrpoBI4HIILItra. Cnopeg ua,ttmlrure
naHH ta paHrnt Tropaeum Traiani, tpetcta-BeFrr.r orrracrr{ rro-rope (o6p. 4/1), rofi orcr6ll-BA TIYBCTBHTEJIHO N UATqA6A T B O6JII,{KA CI4 HA
Apyfr4re aBa. HeroBara Kpe[ocT HaIIpnMep e
MHOfO rO-MaJrKa OT Te3r.I Ha MArCiAnOpOliS
xru 70 xa (Aurenoe 1999, L1, 13) u Nicopolisad Istrum - 21,55 xa (tr4narron, I4r,anos 1994,23). Tona o3uarlaBa, qe BbB BtTperxHocrra Ha
ceBeporBTorrHaTa qacT Ha npoBr{Hllu.f,Ta, T. e.
Ha no-Klcnara rr ponnmvt, Scythia, Bcr'rIIHo crHe e r.rMaJro 3naqurereH qenrsp. Ma.rxo ca u
BOeHHITTe Jlarep[ B:hB BBTpe[IHOCTTa Ha pUM-
cK€,;a Moesia inferior. [aunule or erurparf-cKr4Te [aMeTHI4qu U apxeonoruqecKr.rre r]po-
YI{BAHU' IIO3BOJUIBAI 3ACETA IOKAJIII3I4PAHCTO
caMo Ha rpr4 raKEBa- Montana, SostrauAbri-tus (O6p. 1). B rrx ca narepyBanu Koxoprlt.
Z:eecrHara Kpellocr Ha Montana e c rIJIolq
orono 1 xa (nalp. .{rlnver 1999, 16), a rare-p6T nplr nr,Tr{ara cruaqr4.f, Sostra e oxono 1,5
xa (Top6aroB, Xpucron 2003,71). EAsa ru e
6ra:r uuolo no-roJrtM 14 paHHuqr tarep Abri-lrJ, 3a KoiiTo craHa BbIIpoc B rrpeAxo.qHoro
r.rjJroxeHHe. Tosa n'bK o3HaqaBa, qe BoiicKxreno lryHaBcKaTa fpaHirqa He ca rrMarrH cepflo-3EH fIIJ].
Mupaurr nepr4oA B pa3Brrrr.rero Ha prrM-
cKTaMoesia inferior [pr.rKfiro.{Ba B 2381239 r.
flpee cre4earqure rpu Aecerr.rnerr.r.s repllro-
436 Beu4uc-tae,[ttuuea
pl4frTa tr HeeaHoKpaTHo e olycTo JaBaHa oT
foTr{, Kapna }r lpyffi nneMeHa. ToBa e lI Bpe-MeTO Ha T. Hap. BoiiHr.rrrrKrz r{MnepaToprr, T. e.
Ha AEn6oKa B6TperrrHa Kprr3a Ha I4MnepHrTa,KOf, TO AOI]BJIHXTenHO yclro){{Hf Ba noJlr{Turre-cKara o6craHoBKa no AonHrrq lynan. Bap,BapcKrrTe HaIIrecTBr4J{ 3aCrrf aT noqlf{ Bcr{qKr.r
rrMrrepcKrl BnaleHrrr Ha Ea.[KaHuTe, Ho Haji-roneMlr ca flopaxeHr4,rTa B oTBSAAyHaBCKT{Te
Aarc.riicKr{ rrpoBr.i}rrlr4r.r v B Moesia inferior.Pa:ropeuuero Ha orBT,aayHaBcxa AaKus e ra-KOBa, rre cne,q [peBb3MofBaHeTO Ha KpH3aTa
Tt e r{3ocTaBeHa - B HaqaJIOTO Ha 70-Te fO-IprHu Ha III e., a oqe:u:roro r){ HaceJrenr.re e
npeceneHo, B rro-foJrrMaTa My qac! Ha ror oTp. AyHaB. B Moesia inferior ca ocrpaAaJrrrB eaHa HJrrr Apyra cTe[eH rroqTr.t BcHqKri fpa-,4OBe r.i nafepir. Ecrecreeno, Hafi-cepuo3H[ca uIeTuTe npH Te3u, Kor-iTo ca npeB3eTl.i oT"eapeapure" - FranpuMep Hislria, utep npe-){rrrBsHoro onycrollleHr{e B cpeAara ua iII e.,cBuBa 3a lfiTeuara cH nnou go oxo;ro 7 xa r.t
He ycII.sBa noBeqe Aa B63BT,pEe rrpell{rr]Ho-ro cr4 3HaqeHrre (nanp. lriuuen 2001,232).Ocnoenz norlprreBrrru o6a.re ryr ca croru-IIETe HeyKpeneHfi cem.rrqa r4 Br{nlr. Orc6cr-BrreTo 868 B:r,TperrrHoclTa Ha npoBrrHllr4sTaHa .qpyrlr 3HarlHTeJrHz yKpeneHr.r nyHKToBeoctett Marcianopolis u Nicopolis ttd IslrumHecsMHeHO e 3aTpyAHIInO MeCTHOTO HaCe-
lleHr{e B cTpeMexa My Aa c6xpaHI4 xItBoTa r.I
rrMyrrlecrBo cr.r, lr e Mynrrrnnurlr4pano eibeKraOT HAII]ECTBI,I'TA.
Cr,c cra6ulr.r:aqr.roHHr.rre MepKH Ha
Anperzan u llpo6 curyaqrrtrra Iro lolnaalynan ce HopManlr3apa, a cen[rqHritr I4 cro-IIaHCI(U-ST XITBOT 3aIIOqBa Aa Ce BT,3CTaHOB'-
na- Cepuo:en rJraclx B Ta3lt HacoKa AaBarpedopMr4re na {uox:reqnan, xoaro 6elexarHaqaJloro sa KPE, BrurroqrrrelrHo rrorBara Ha
xr,cnopuvcrara Mo esia secunda ulr^a ScythiaB npelenure Ha Auorleza Thracia ua npeOeK-
rypara Oriens. Orqe npeAn roBa 3araAHr{rrxpari ua pr{N{cxara Moesia inferior e npr.iAa-
AeH KT,M HoBoocHoBaHara tporuugun Daciaripensis, Korro rr6K e n gnoqe:a Dacict (n:op-BoHaqarruo Moesia) na npeQexrypara 1//y'l-
czm. Bb:cranosu reJrHr.rJ{T npoqec npoAT,n-xaBa IIpu ocTaHaJlHTe TeTpapcu, B qacTHocT
rpn farepr.rii u lIuguaufr,, Kouro aIMr{Huc-Tprrpar pefrzoHa na lolua.r flyuae, rarro r.r
nplr caMocrotrenr{oro ynpaBneHlre ga Kou-craHTr4H Be.nuru cle4 324 r. C roJrrMo 3Ha-qeHue 3a HoBLIq lpocnepuTeT Ha perEorra e
rrorBara Ha HoBara HM[epcKa cronuqa Con-stantinopolis, otlnqua:rao o6sseHa e 330 rToea c:l6urae npoMeHt reocrparersqecKurelpuoprrrerrr Ha I{unepllrra. To npenpr,rqa
flo:rur.ra lyuae or orAaneqena, cnpsNro cra-para cronuqa, nepra$eplrx B 6nrrKa u Kpu-Trrrrrro BaxHa - 3a HoBaTa cToJIHqa, rpaHr.rqHa
3oHa. ToBa rrr,tt! ecrecrBeHo, rroBl.rllraBa BHu-MaHrreTo H fpu)KfiTe oT cTpaHa Ha xMnepcKa_Ta aaMrjHr4cTparllI.{.
B xpax ua III - uaqaloro Ha IV s. eMoesia secunda n Scythia ce nonarar rpu-)rur 3a BcaqKr.r [o-paHrrr] fpaAcr{r.r rIeHTpoBe(O6p. l). Kpelocrnre rrM ce npeu3rpaxAarc no-4e6ela Kypri{Hrl u rroBeqe ry.mr. lll-rou ce cgo6uear c yKpeneHrr pa3nupeHr.rs
- HanpfiMep Marcianopolis, cro_lIuqara HaMoesia secuntla (Anre:ron 1999, 17; !uu-qen 2001, 224'1, unu tr6x cbc cbBceM HoBrrKperrocrl4 - HarrprrMep Tomis, cto:tuqata uaScythia (fluuuen 2001, 221; Top6aroe 2002,188-193; Zahariade 2007, 299), Kouro yBe-nr4rraBar 3ar{.ITeHrrre LrM nnoqu. Cr,c :uavu-TeIHO ytoneMeHaTa cLI KpenocT oT HaqaloToya KPF, Tropaeum Traiani e, Hapel c Tbmis,naii-4o6pnrr flplrMep 3a rro3ulrBHo pa3Brr-
Tt4 e B ToBa orrro[resrae. Hauanenue rra 3alqr{-TeHaTa nnoq e 3acBuleTetcTBaHo 3acera 3a
crroMeHara rro-fope Histria. He 6es:Ha'teHue3a cTaprrTe fpaAoBe B ABeTe [poBr.IHrlr4r{ e, qe
or HaqaJtoro ria KPE re no BcqKa BepoqrHocrca Iz celanaqa Ha BoerrHr4 fapHH3orrrl oT c6c-TaBa Ha comitalen,ses.
tr4urepecHa e cu6ara Ha Haji-r o,revHr e
nafepu no fpaHurlara B yqacTbKa Ha pr4McKa-ra Moesia infbrior - Novae u Dttrostorum (znpoeuugun Moesia secunda npe: KPE; O6p.l). Te ocranar 6a-:a Ha upegunrHlrre, pely-rIHpaHX Beqe rerfionrl I I{rallriicxr.r n XIKranguee, lr c6[IeBpe\{er{Ho ca B lpoqec Fra
Hoettme xtcuoptLucxu ue nlpaee Ha Scythia u Moesid Secunda
npeoopa3yBaHe B ceirr4rrlHr.r qeHTpoBe, npr{-roTrBaiiKr4 HaceJreHrreTo r4 EHcTr.IryquuTerra c6celHr{Te HM My}rn[ilr4H. HyN4ara a eABaTa Clyqtur oT rroBege 3aIqI4TeHa rrJlotq e
AOBena IO pa3nrrqHr{ perxeHl.u - HerrocpeA-
cTBeHO pa3rrlupeHr{e Ha KpenocTTa npr4 No*vae u 3rpalK\aFre Ha HoBa, no-ManKa (Bo-eHHa ?) KpeflocT B 6rH3ocr Ao crapara npDurostorum. Kpenocrra Ha Novae Aocrrrra26 xa (nanp. finuvee 2001 , 227). Bluzxa uz-rnexAa e o6rqara nnorl fi Ha ABere KperlocrrrHa Durostorum (iranp. fluu'ren 2001, 229')t5.B uoueura rpyAr{o Mo}(e Aa ce [perIeHHAaJIH 3aIqI{TaTa Ha HaCejIeHUeTO Ha C6CeAHO
III-iBfinHO CeJrr{rqe e ocHoBHa rrpuqr.rHa 3a Lr3-
rpaxaaHeTo r.r Ha KBcIIopriMcKaTa KpenocTuaTransmarisco (O6p. 2). llo n:rorq (5,5-6,5xa), Trr He Mox{e Ia ce cpaBrurBa c Novae uDurostorum, Ho Bce nar e eAHa or folleMlrrerpaH\4rrnu Kpenocrrz rro AonHr4r ,{yuan. Tyr<
rp-r6ea ga ce nocowi, qe npu yflnbrurBaHeroHa rparrurlara npes KPE ce pa3qrrra npeAlrM-HO Ha rro-MaJrKH yKpeneHr{ nyHKToBe KaTo
Harrpr.iMep Dinogetia e Scythia - w.t"r 1,2 xa,v latrus e Moesia secunda - Beporrno KGM
3 xa npe4r qacruqlrara epo3r.It Ha rlnoqrauy (narp. lunuen 2006a, 86-87, NlN! 55,79; eux ryK O6p. 1). lltpnouauanHo re3r{HOBU [yHKTOBe Ca C r]t4CTO BOeHHIi CTpyK-
Typl.i. tr4HrepeceH e SaKTll rre rIeHTBp KaroTroesmis s Scythia (O6p.1), roiiro e uynr.rqra-[r]yM or rrpeAxoAuara erroxa u zua "gaslrA-ua penyraqar" B KlcHopr4McKr.rre r43Bopu,
BKirroqIlTeJIHo KaTo 6a3oB nafep Ha netHoH,e npeAcraBeH npes KPE c ABe xpenocrr4 c
o6rqa finorq.-. MaJrKo HaA 3 xa (Zahariade1988, 128-131; {muee 1999, 17; Top6aroe2002, 121-129; Zahariad,e 2007 ,299). trtme-peceH e l,r Qarrrl ue no AyHaBcKrrr yqacrr,K
iiB ny6;rnxyaaH HacKopo roM 3a Durosloruce aaBaT HoBlI naHH]4 3a pa3MepxTe x njlorqTa I{a JIa-
repa oro,ro 5 10 x 430 u (Haairoa n 9p.2006, 169),r e. xulr 22 xa. Te:n AaHHn npeRb3xoxnar o6napog-BaHnre no-paHo. 3gaqnteltlo sanlrxena. Naoxe 6lr spe3yJr rar Ha rexHUqecKa rpeujKa. o6aqe e noco,teHa-Ta raM nJrolq Ha KpaiiAyHaBcKara Kpertocr - "oKoro0,5 xa" (I4eaHoe r np. 2006, 180).
Ha npoBHHrlnr scythia nc't lluocr r{Ma caMo
eA\4H no-3Haqr4TeneH rIeHTT,p - Noviodunum(Zahariade 1988, 134-137; Top6aron 2002,144-1.52; Baumann 2004; er.iN ryx O6p. 1).
Heroeara Kpenocr ce rrpeAnonara Ha oKoJro
ll,5 xa, raro eraflr.rre Ha n3rpax{.laHero ItrenspBa qe ce yToqHrBar e ronorpa$cxlt uxpoHonorI4qecKIa acrexll6.
llpu uaruecrnraxra or III B. HTKoLI HeyK-
perreHr{ ce;r{ula r.I BuJIIT B puvcxara Moesioinferior r'pey ctaHoBsBar cbrqecrByBaHero
cu. lloBe-iero z3BecrHrr cena I{ BI.IJIIi o6aqe
lpeBs3r{orBaT rleTr]Te u npolbnxaBaT Aa
Syarqlronupar, a HeMaJr(a qacr or rqx .{opr.I
ce pa3pacrBar. IIpe: KPE n Scythiau Moesiasecunda BT,3HrrKBar u Honr.r rarsBarT. O6rqa-Ta I{oHcrararlltt e 3a eAHo cpaBHrrrenHo 6T,p-
30, n3HeHaABafiIO C OrneA Ha [peT6prreHritKOJIarrC, Bb3CTaHOBrBaHe Ha XI{BOTa rr }rKO-
HOM KaTa Ha CeJlaTa U BUTUTe B ABeTe npo-BHHITTITI B Haqaroro na IV e.18 Cera ce vtate-puanrr3r.rpaT rr noyKrrTe oT npeAxoaHoTo cTo-
Jlerr4e 3a [:6sreaHe Ha HoB I]oAo6eH Konaflc.Te ca n ynr.rcon c rpoMeHETe BT,B BoeHHara
opraHrsarlr.{Jr, BKJTIoqIITeJTHo c HalafaHeToHa r. Hap. annona militaris - ocurypsBaHeqper .[aH6Iru Ha npoBl43HH- ronro ce cr,6H-
16 Hoente npoyrIBaHLIt v Noviodunum (Lock-year et al. 2005) 3acera He ca lofipr.rHeclrr.{ MHoro 3a
u3tcHtBaHeTo Ha eTanlrTe B pa3Br{TrreTo Ha HefoBmaKpenocT.
IrI43eecrHr.rre celra rr Burrr or l-ll[ e. B Moesiainfcriur. 6et felt{ B ceBeporlto,luata 14 qact. t{ o'tKPE e Moesict secunda u roxHara r{acr wa Scythiocr,M pa3rnelan B pa3r[r]HH o6o6rqaearqn n:c,regea-rut no rasn npo6,rcMarrKa 3a AHe[rHara 6i,,rrapcrcareprlropr.rq: ,{rnvee 1997; finnvee 2000; lnHvea20066; flnxvee 2006s.3a pr.rMcKrre rr K'bcHop]lM-crrire ceJla t{ Brtnrt B ceBepol{3TorlHara 'tact ua Moe-sia inJbrior, pec[eKTrrBHo B ceBepHara rracr Ha
Scythia, eux ralp.: Bauman 1983; Bauman 1998;Bdrbulescu 2001; Popescu 2005.
l33a tosa ceugerencrBar Itl{cMeHrrre H3Bopt{.Cropeg e4no xcno cto6rqeate or cpegara ua IV a.HanpIIMep, IonHoayHaBcKr.rTe IlpoBr.rHrlr4r.t. B'bnpe-KU 3aCLIJIeHOTO BOeHHO Irp[C',bCTBr{e B TtX, CH OC14-
rypf,BaT caMu ocHoBHr{Te xpaHrTenHx nponyKT[ ItH.{MaT Hyxna oT B,I'HrxHo cHa6lqsa}ie (Descripliotolius mundi et gentium, $ 57;no JlI4El4 1958, 83).
43 8 De arytrctoe ,[uu,ree
paT B cKnaAoBu 6a:u no maeHl,Ire r]T,Tr{qa }rBIIOCJIeACTBT4e Ce fipe pa IaT KT,M BOeHHHTe
o6exTr'r no r4NrlepcKr{Te fpalruqu (nanp. ,{zn-ueu 2005,277).
Karto ustt'rnax lro-ropeJ HoBLITe roJIeM]t
IIeIrrpoBe lra ScJ, thia u Moesia secunda c]b.cle-
TaBaT 4)yHKqHnTe r{a BoeHHr.r Jrareprr, Ha npo-
AoBoJrcTBeHr{ u cHa6lr{TenHu 6a:r, a csrqo rz
rra c66r.rparenHr.r nyHKToBe 3a HacelreHr-{ero
or orolrHocrH'le uNl B cnyqafi Ha onacHocr.C oue4 Ha ra3n o6qa xapaKTepucruxa u3-eecrna clerlr.rtflrxa ce ycraHoBtBa I.rJlrr rroHe
Nroxe Aa ce AorrycHe 3a x:rcropr.rucxlu lro-paenm Traiani (O6p. 1, 4) BbB Bp!3Ka cB63MOXHOTO peCTaBpspaHe r4 yTBspXAaBarre
Ha I.palcKu{ My cTaTyT oT rrpeAXoAHaTa eno-xa, H 3a Transmarisca (O6p. 1, 2) nopalr.rMecrorrolroxeur.{ero ir, xoero flpeAonpelentrrajrr{que Ha rpaHHqeH BoeHeH fapHI-I3oH I{ He
npeAnonara Synxqrzu na cna6gr.rre:rua 6a:aHalrpHMep. flo-cra6ara rloprlrrllrraqur npe:KPE ri no,qarxrzre 3a rro-3HarrrrrerHa crerrenHa 3aceneHocT) pecneKTIIBlIo - 3a llo-otpa-nr.ruenu y6e>nurqrrrl ftyuxqrzu, orrepraBarcnequ(br.rxara 116r Ha KpaiiMopcxux Tirisis(Acrae) (O6p. l, 9a, 96). O6rqara xapaKre-pr.{crr.rKa rlpanrra uafi-go6pe 3a ocraHaJ]r4Te
HOBI4 qCHTPOBC BTJB BETPEIIIHOCTTA HA ABETE
IIpoBr.IHquu.
PasnoroNeHriero Ha lbida, Zaldapa,Abrituts,lparutt\ero npx c. BoiieoAa u Koea-qeBcKoro Kane I]p]r rp. flonoBo e oule eAr.rH
BaxeH, MaKap H KocBeHJ apryMeHT 3a Texr[{-Te OyHrqrrrr. Te:u qearpore ca orAalretreHr4
or AyHaBcKara rpaHurla. Te ca orga-ne.reuu
E OT CpeUlyrrojro)xHnTe npoBrrHrlHanHr.r fpa-Hr.rqlr - qepHoMopcKr.rr 6pqr npv Sqlthia vDIaBHOTO CTapOnnaHr{HCKO 6WtO lpU MOeSiA
secunda, KaKTo rr or 3HaqrrreJrHr.rre no-paHHrr
rpaAoBe Ha ABere npoBr4HrrHl4 (O6p. 1). npuOTCbCTBII9TO HA KAKtsI{TO H AA E ,UAHIIH 3A
fpaAcKrr cTaTyT Ha HoBHTe ueHTpoBe H c or-JIeA Ha BUAa U nOTeHUr.IaJra Ha TeXHr.{Te Kpe-
locru Mlrcrf, .{e He ca Heo6xo.{rluu oco6ennrro3llaHl4,I no BoeHHa crparefl{t r{ ceruulHoycrpoiicreo 3a Aa ce npeanonoxar IroHe Ht-Korr or (bynKrlr.ilire HMJ H3TEKHaTH o-fope.
Ibida (o6qo xr,v 24 xa) u ZaLdapa (t<trtt
24 xa) ca c rleuTpanHo pa3nonolltelme B, c6-orBerrro, ceBepHara u roxuarauaw uaScyth-ln 1O6p. ly. Oar<ru r. qe roBa ca Haii-rrraqH-TeJIHIire HoBrz rIeHTpoBe rto AonHlr-s AyHaB(O6p. 10) He e crryqaeH. B repuroprzxra uaScythia s [peAxoAHara efioxa H.rrMa, KaKTo
Beqe I]ocoqfix, 3Har{r{TejrHr.{ yKpeneHIl BoeH-
HII I{ IpaACKIl rIeHTpOBe C r{3KjrroqeHr4e Ha
cTaprrTe fpbrlKr.{ KojroHr.rrT I]o qepHoMopcKoTo
rpaft6pexue. Cnryaqurra ue ce npoMeH.fl cB-rrlecrBeHo H B rraqaJroro rra KPE. C no.seara
cw Ib ida Ha[pr4Mep craea Hail-3Ha.]r.rrerHr.rqyKpefieE qeHT6p B urJIaTa ceBepHa rrojtOBI{Ha
Ha npoBr.rHqr4.sra (O6p. 1), [peB63xoxAarqHaa aBa rrETLI MaKCVMaJTT{O AOrryCTHMaTa 3a-
ruHTeHa nnorl1 sa Noviodunum (uafi-rollr"ra-Ta rpaHur{}ra "cxurcKa" Kpenocr u:o6rqo) uHaA Tpn nT,ru 3au{rrreHara nper KPE nlonlua Histriu (egr.rHcreenalr rpal [o rrepHo-
MopcKoro rpaii6pexr.re B ceBepHara qacr Ha
Scythia). HeAa:reqnoro pa3[onoxeHr.re Ha
Zaldapa u Tropaeum Traiani (xrt"r 10,5 xa cyxperreHur anexc) (O6p. 1) 6u 6u:ro oaaga-rlaBaqo arto re ca c r.raeHTrrqen craryr AroZaldapa o6aqe e ocuoeaHa Karo uerpaAcrriqenr:bp c nocorreHrrre lo-rope Synrqul.r, a
KtcHopr'rMcKhrr Trop,teum Trai ni e Bl"l'cra-noreu raropo/ls, T. e. Karo rpancKlr IIeHTbp c
aAMAHUCTpaTr4BrrrI u, B [O-OfpaHrrqeHa cTe-
rreHJ Apyrr4 $ynxquu, To ctceaHoro r4M pa3-
nonoxelr4e crana o6scHurdo I{ fipueMnrzBo.Abritus (xzw 12 xa), lpa.qfirlero rrpu c.
Boilro4a (r:su 10 xa ?) u Kosa'reecKoro xarenpu rp. Ilonoeo (5,2 xa) orcrr,near rro 3autr4-
reHure cr-r nnoulri Ha lbida u Zaldapa (O6p.10). llpnuuHara 3a roBa BeporrHo e ar,e Sa-KTa, qe B rpaHurrHfit yqacT6K u BlB BbTpeI[-Hocrra Ha Moesia secunda r4Ma, 3a pa3nriKa
or Scythia, roneMu yKperreHr4 rleHrpoBe orrrpeAxoAlraTa enoxa - tpaAoBe r.i BoeHHu
:rarepa. Te 3ala3Bar 3HaqeHllero cll Ir [pe3KPE, xaro Jrarepr{re (Novae u Durostorum)ce rpancSopnrzpar c6rqo z rpagoec. Abritus,fpagurqero npu c. Bofieo4a u Kosa.reecroro(ane npn rp. flonono orcro.sr Ha upn6lu-3IiTeJIHO eAHaKBr.r pa3CTO.SHLI.S nOMeXAy CH.
Hootrnte w.cuopttucxu ueHtnpole |e Scythia u Moesia Seclmda 439
flpu6:rH:lrrerno cBUIr4Te ca pa3cro.rHuqra 14
MexAy KpaiiHr4re or r{x cllpeMo Nicopolised Istrum Ha 3anan v Marcianopolis Ha 3-
roK (O6p. 1). Tona pa3nonoxeHrie rroKa3Ba,qe c MoIIHHTe (penocTri Ha HoBr4Te rIeHTpo-Be ce qenr4 noAcr.rryp.f,BaHe Ha 3aulrrTaTa Ha
o6xrupHara 3ona MelKAy nocorreHr.rre craprzfpaAoBe.
Xapaxreplr u pa3nonoxeHuero Ha Ho-BHre B6Tpe rHr{ rleHrpoBe Ha scylhia vMoesia secunda (O6p. I ) lre ca apryMerrra3a ct3naBaHe Ha HrrKaKBa strpeurwa or6pa-r{[TeJrHa nrrHrlr. C oureA Ha clBpeMeHHr{TeI{3CJIeABar{Es 3a p}rMcKaTa BoeHHa AoKTprzHa,TC IIORCT{C CC RTI'ICRAT R CXEN(ATA HA T. HAP.
or6pana n gsl6oqrHa (Hafip. Top6aron 2002,436-438 r{ qrrr. raM ny6:runaqrau). C rsxuoroI43rpO(AaHe apMusTa rro AonHoAyHaBcKaTafpauuqa BcT,rqHocT 3a [pBB [6T I]OIyqaBacepuo3eH TrrJr - c AocrartrlHo Ha 6poii ro-neMr.r onopur.I IlyHKToBe, c noftcronz pesepenu cna6AurenHr.r 6aslt. Cr,rqenpeveHHo re cafapaHuut, Hlrr{ rroHe rlraHc, 3a orla3BaHe HaHaceJIeHLIeTO r{ COJTCKOCTOIIaHCKaTa [pOAyK-uHt Ha or KpHTr{re cenHula n elnt e paiio-I{ETe, B KOUTO Ce HaMr.rpaT, IIpr{ eBeHryanHoBpaxecKo HaIIIecTBHe.
Honvre yxpeneur.r nyHKToBe BT,B 86-Tpelnuocrra Ha Scythia v Moesia secundaHe ce r43rrepnBaT caMo c pa3tneAaHr4Te IIOH-rpone. B Harra-rroro Ha KPE 'ryK Bb3Ht4KBar
u H.trKoH Io-MaJIKII goeHHLI o6exDr. Krl{r.sx r'r3DrexAa npr4Haangxr{ Ulmetum (r<t tt1,5 xa) - onopeH nyHKr B ceBepHara qacrua Scythia, roxHo or lbida (O6p. 1) (nanp.:
flr.rnuee 1999, 18; Top6aron 2002,288-297;Covacef 2005). flpuuepn rrr,K 3a rro-N{arrKrr
ceJrurqa, yKperreHrr B Har{anoro na KPE, caDiscoduraterae (rr,u 1,1 xa) u lllyneucxruxucapntK (1,74 xa) B, cr,orBerHo, 3arraAr{aran u3Toqnara ,ract Ha Moesia secunda (O6p.1) (nanp. lr.iuuen 2006a, 86-87, l.llNe 54,7l). Tesu r npyra nogo6Hu ryuxroBe r.rMar
onpe.4eneHa poJIt B 3arrlrrTrraTa cTpaTerflq 3a
,{o:ruux [yHae, uo e lrcHo, qe r.,rxHoro 3Ha-qeHr{e e c orpaHur{eHli peruoHanHll Ir3Mepe-nur. Blpoveu, Karo r-I{Jro npe: KPE 6po.rr
HA IIO-MAJIKI{TE YKPEIIEHI{ IIYHKTOBE B:EB B5-
TpernHocrra Ha ABeTe rrpoBr.rHrll l e Bce o IeMAJIbK.
Hoeure roreN{Lr qeHTpoBe 868 Bbrpern-uocrra ua Scythia u Moesia secunda, ert:r.o-r{r.rreir}ro KT}cHopr4NrcKr4Jrr Tropae ttm Tr a i an i,lpeAcTaBsT BneqaTlsBaqa ceplit oT MorrlHu
KpenocTH cbc cxoAeH fpaAext u I]orrTlr uAeH-
rrrqHr{ cbopr,xeHnr (O6p.3-86. 10). T.axuo-TO r.r3rpax,qaHe B rr6pBaTa [onoBr.rHa Ha IV B.
oqeBuaHo e HHHuHhparro rra rraii-ouconolrNrnepcKo Hueo. llpuvacrnu ca 6r,rnn, (aKTo
rroKa3Ba crpourennr.{.sr HaArrrrc or 316 r :aTrop aeum Tr aiani, pazstuunr{ r.rMfieparoprr orToBa BpeMe. OcnoeHure sacryrfi 06aqe rpr6-Ba Aa ce [pl{[]Iuar Ha KoHcraHT[H Be:ruxa.Heroeoro y paBneHue npoMeu.rr Haco(rrre B
pa3BLITLIeTO Ha I4MnepE Ta, KarO HTKOTI OT
Hai-eaxHure My ,{ena - BoeHHure petpoplru,o6tB.flBaHero ua Constantinopoli.t 3a cronr4qaI.r ap., ca c II3KJIroqrrTeJrHo 3FraqeHr4e 3a rpa-HrriHl-ire AoJ'rHol(yHaBcKrr rrpoBrrHquu. fIo ua-rqa6a na uo6um:lrpaHrzre pecypclr u3rpax-AaHero Ha HoBr{Te foneMr.r qerrrpone e Scyth-ia u Moesia secunda npes nrpnata rroJroBurra
Ha IV e. e crlr43Mepr{Mo c yp6anlr:oquonHaranporpanaa na TpaqH u HefoBHTe HacneAHr4rlrr
no !o:rnr.i.r lyuae npes II e. Crpourercreo-To Ha HoBr4re qeHrpoBe ua Scythia u Moet;iasecunda o6aqe n.slra 3a HerrocpeAcrBeHa rlenlo-HaTaT6IIIHaTa yp6aHr43aqa.{ Ha rexHrrreTepr{Toprru . To e orronop Ha Kplz3ara c Bap-
Bapcxr.{re Haurecrsus or III s.flporparraara :a u3rpaxAarrero Ha HoBqre
qenrpoee Ha,Scythia u Moesia secuncla ce 6a-3lrpa BT,p\y [ocTynaTa 3a r] qenu 3arra3BaHe-
to ga a6co:rrorsus r4Mnepcrrr KoHTpon B6pxyrlsnara repfTopr4r Ha flpoBlaHur4lrre. Beqe 6e
flocorreHo, qe flprr MacupaHLITe Ha[IecTBuswexery 2381239 u 269 r. AoJrHoAyHaBcKararpaHrrua ce oKa3Ba 6e3 HaAexAerr rr.rn, a 06rr-TaTeJIIITe Ha CTOTIIIIT{Te HeyKpeneHrl CenIIlIIar.r Br{Jrr.r BEB BETpeI[Hare :onra - 6eg 3aIrIHTa.
llopaAlr rosa I4MeHHo rroBeqero HoBr-r qen-TpoBe, BKJrroqrrreluo gafi-toletl,rre, ca B
re3H 3oHH (O6p. I . 1 0,;. 3lono:ryvHar a eoiinac ror H re or 376-382 r. clara rpafi Ha K6cHo-
440 Beutptctae,!ttuaea
plrMcKEJ{ npocneprrrer rro AonHH.f ,{yuan uHa EaJrI(aHHTe 113061110, rr KoMrrpoMerr4pa ce-pr.{o3Ho nolHTl4rrecKqr cTpofi, BoeHHaTa op-raHrr3arlHr H MoAena Ha cOIIHaJIHO-IIKOHONIH-qecKl4t xLIBor TyK (Hanp. Be:rnoe 1979, 386,391-392, 394, 399, 403-404). Kr,u r.r c:reg
Kprur Ha IV e. a6cofiorulrrr HMrrepcKu KoH-
rpon de jltre ocraBa, Ho de Jacto curyaguxraBerre e Apyra. Ocnonna rpuuxHa 3a roBa! r{a-
pel c HoBrrTe HaIIIecTBIit, e no.gBaTa Ha T. Hap.
foetlerati. Ponsra Ha re:H c6ro3ns "BapBapr.r"
B 3arlr'rTaTa Ha fpaHurrHHTe IlpoBuHrlur.i Hapa-
crBa nporpecr.rBHo [pe3 v-vl B. (Hafip. Ir.rH-qeB 2006a, 40-42), uo re HepsAKo ce v3frB -
Bar Karo caMocro-srerHlr nolarrnuecxn cy6e-KTr'r, B pa3pe3 c rrMrrepcxr.rre uurepeclr. Krur{ cneA Kp:ur na IV e. BbB BT,TperrHocrra Ha
Scythia u Moesia secunda He ce crporr HoBIi
rleHrpoBe, nogo6nu aa Zaldapa ztm AbritusHalprrMep. Cavlrre re - roreMr4Te HoBr{ rIeH-
TpoBe or KPE, n6I{ pa3BuBar nocrefleHHo ce-nHUIHH crpyxrypr.r u go6uear (axo He Bcr4qKr.r,
To noHe rroBeqero or ux) rpa4cKu craryr.
*+*Hamecreuqra or II] e. He ca noAMquarfi
ceBepo3anaAnoro qepHoMopcKo rpaii6pe-xrie, Ho c r43K;rroqer{He sa Histria ocraHa:rri-Te rpaAoBe TyK rr3rnexAa He ca [ocTpaAaJru
cepuo3Ho I4JII.i IIOHe 6:rp:O Ca Ce CT,B3eJrrr.
llpe: KPE ryK ce lo.rrBrBar lrsnecreH 6poirro-MairKli KpenocTr.I c flpeAnoJlaf aeMr.r BoeH-
Hu lrru nonr.rqeiicnu $yur<quz - Hanpl.iMep r.Hap. Ovidiu I (cenepuo or KoHcraHqa; O6p.
l) u Caria (na noc l[Ia6na; O6p. l) n Scythia(nanp. Top6aroe 2002, 182-184, 197 -206)Cera nepo-rlro e Ll3fpareHa It crloMeHara-
Ta Berre Kpelocr B AonrrHara Ha p. SaroBcKa
("gornara" Kpenocr npu c. Kpaneno) n Moe-sia secunda, vnmo Syurquu ren:bpBa LI{e ce
Ll3scHrrBar. Cera ce yxpenrBa'I'H IrJ{Kou ro-ManKu qepHoMopcKl4 ceJllirla - HaIIpuvep Ar-gamum B Scythia (uanp. Top6a'roa 2002, 170-173; nux ryr O6p. 1)re. Cr,cro-auuero npe:
1s B :rureparypara e r.r3Ka3aHo MHeHI,Ie Ii 3a
rro-paHHo AarrrpaHe Ha rr3Becrnara xpelocr na lr-gomum - KbM cpeAara na III e. (Zahariade 2007,
KPE ua pa:uegaHrrr rio-rope Tirisis (Acrae)fo nocTaB.s ro-cKopo B Ta3H KaTeroprarJ KoeTo
IIE fl3KJIIOqBA HA]]UqIiCTO HA HqKAK6B BOEHCH
rapHr{3oH a Ha orpaHxrreHr.r y6exnrqwr 3a
HaceneHllero or oKoJrHocrra, $ynxqrzu. llo-roI.{MaTa 3arytTeHa nJloq Ha KbcHopHMc(usTirisis (Acrae) (xrn 5 xa) B cpaBHeHr{e Ha-
rrpuMep c rtocoqeHulr Argamum (nr,u 2,5 xa)ce lI:E JIXH Ha B63MO)KHOCTTa 3a IIOCTI{faHCTO
ir calro upes eAHa npefparHa creua, ATlJrra He
rroBer{e or 170 u - cpegHara nperpaAa Ha Hoc
Ka,ruaxpa (O6p. 9a). IIo-c;ra6lrre noKa3arerrr{
Ha Ta3 npefpana. Ira naqa,llrr.rr 14 Bapr{aHT B
qacTHocT, B cpaBHeHr4e Aopu c KpenocTTa Ha
locoteuut Argamltm tron&3Bdr, r{e pitBurue-ro uaTirisis (Acrae) npes KPE e no-cKopo pe-3ynTaT Ha uHHrJr.{aTr.iBaTa Ha MecTHoTo Hace-
JIeHIIeT OTKOnKOTO Ha HrKaKsB CTpaTettlqeCKr{
3ZTMLICbJI Ha rrMnepcl(ala aAMI.IHI.ICTparIr4S.
Cnopeg axryalnara aHtloprrauux, lpe:KPE no qepHoMopcxoro rpari6peNne naScythia u Moesia secunda HrMa rlerrrpoBeraro lbidct, Zaldapa utu Abritus tanpuv.ep.Jloruqnara npuquHa 3a roBa e... orcbcrBll-ero na neo6xogrrMocr or raxuBa rIeHTpoBe.
Oveeu4Ho peKoHcrpyz paHrire Kperrocrrr Ha
cTapqTc rpaAoBe Il HoBrrTe rro-MaJrKr{, BoeH-Hr4 u cenlr[-Iur{ yKperreHrr nyHKToBe ca 6u:urBT,3rIprreMaHIt KaTO AOCTaTT,qHa tapaHllt4t 3A
3alra3BaHe Ha CTaTyKBOTO, BK.rrrcqIiTeJIHO 3a
3arquTaTa Ha HacejreHrreTo Ha HeyKpeneHr4Te
xpaii6peNuu cerlrrqa2o. C:reg ca6urrura or316-382 r. cliryaqnrra o6a.{e ce npoMeHr.
Vnpenenuar qeHrbp rroA 4neuruux 06-3op IrnLI r. nap. folaruo Expencro xarc (Cra-nea ?) e Moesia secunda (O6p. 1) nanprEr'aep,
KOIiTO BepOtTHO Ce nOtB_rIBaT CneA Kptur Ha
298), uo ro He ce ocHoBaBa na ronrperHu QaxrnoT pa3KonKr.r, a Ha aHaJIofHu 3a HrKor.r oT cbopbxe-Hrura tr.
20 flo-paunure HeyKperreHr,r cenH[Ia no ceBepo-3aflaAHoTo r{epHoMopcno xpaii6pexne, B Korrro uMa
H{kaKBLl Lr3CJIeIBaHLttr He Ca [peyCTaHOBIInfi Ct-ulec'rByBaHero cri [p]r HaurecrBlrra or III a. {oprHanporr.rB - HaxolKrre or KPE e rrx ca rroBeqe.
flpe: KPE Ba3Hlrr(Bmlr HoBl,t HeyKpeneHu ceruqano xpaii6pexrero wa Scythia v Maesia secundq(Harp, Ar.rH'reB 2 00 6P, 243-245 , 25l).
Llooume xrcuoptLuct<u \etnqaee da Scylhia u Moesia Sectotda 44t
IV n. u Ha Kol.rro ce crrp-{x no-rcpe, ca cr,-n3MepuMrr I1o r]Jrorq u Qopru$uxaquonuaNtorr1 c lbida, Zaldapa utm Abritus. TnrptrcBepotTHo 14 3aMIrC6Jr6T 3a U3rpaXAaHerO r4N{
Aa e KaTo npu nocJleAlrriTe - cr,3AaBaHe Ha
HOBH fOJreMr{ rlerrTpoBe c BoeHHu fapHrr3o-Hr4, npoAoBo.rIcTBeHrI 6a3I4 H BT,3MOXHOCTII
3a npnloTtBaHe Ha xopa oT oKoJrHocTr4Te r{M
npH Hy)KAa. Ilesrrplr nol o6:op Bc'bulHoc r
e ocHoBHara BoeHHa II cHa6A[TenHa 6a3a Ha
I4groquo-6arxaHcxara nperpaAHa or6panu-rerrHa rrr-rHur ({unvea fi n.p.2007 , 1,26-128).
tr4urepecen e crryqa,{T c HoBara Kperrocr Ha
(tpu) Dionysopolis - e xn. Xopu:our ua
AHerrHrifl Eanqux (,{uunrpoe 2001, 88- 120),
KOSTO e Haii-MaUla6Hr.r.{T HOB paHHOBr.BaH-
rfificKu (boprr4ibr,rKaqHoHeH crpo elK B Scythiaa:o6rqo (rc,u 16-17 xa; luu'tee 2001,226).
,{oro:rxoro garara na seiisata noqBa - rrpeAa
r4nr.{ cneA tfararHara 3a crapl{t Dionysopolis5441545 r., zacera He Moxe ,qa ce npeqr4 3rrpa,
ro Hnerra 3a nJraHHpaHero r"r raro ueurr,p.no,{o6eH Ha p.BrneAaHr{re (Top6aron 2002,268-27 0), He e Jrrrlreua or ocHoeaHrzs2r. Cxo-
,qeH 3aMI.ICBI BI]pOqeM UIe Aa e MoTr4Brrpar
rr rr3rpax{AaHero Ha BBHrrrHoro yKpenneHHe
na noc Ka:ruarcpa, B pe3ynrar na roero fi-risis (Acrae) yrposBa 3arlllrrenara cll nJIoIq(ao xr,r,r 15 xa)22. Beporrno roraBa I4JrI-r cKo-
po cneA roBa (n uauairoro na VI n. ?) ?irlsls(Acrae) crasa e rrcKorrcKo ceAanxqe r.r [pr4-
4o6uea rpagcxr craryr Pasnuruero Ha yK-
peneHr.l.t qeHTTrp rroA AHeIIrHu.fi o6:op u Ha
lon;{N{oro Erpencxo KaJIe 3acera He e qcHo,
HO BT,B BCeKrr Cnyqaii Te He ca cpeA o(bHur{-
ajrHo rrprr3HaTliTe errrcKorluu Ha Moesia se-
cunda. Baxtto e Aa ce I{3TbKHe, rle no BpeMe-
To Ha r.rxHara rroqBa, o6c6]KAa]IHTe no-fopeKtcHopr4McKu qeHrpoBe - Ibida, Zaldapu,
Abritus tt r. H. - Be,re e a tary6unu ntpBoga-qaJIHr.Iq cr4 o6nHK l,r urirar (rl:ru none $oplalt-par) pa:rtpuaru cenurllur{ crpyKrypu, a Apy-fr4 [oAo6Hri r]eHTpoBe BbB BsrpelrlHocrTa Ha
Scythia u Moesia secunda Ber{e He ce crpotr.Zsrr,rHarara 3aBr{cHMocr Me)nAy reorpa(bu-.rrTa u xpoHolorlsTa Ha To3Ii BUA IIeHTpOBe e
cpeA apryMeHTfiTe 3a roBa, ve npe: V-VI e.
BbpxoBEaTa rMnepcKa aAMIIHLIcTpaqUt no-
cTe[eHHo orcT1,lrBa or nocTyJlaTa sa a6co-
nrorHrz.f, KoHTpon B6prT qtJIaTa TepuTop .{
Ha ABere fpaHIrqHI-I I]poB]IHIIUU, KarO KOH-
rleHTpnpa ycEnE-{Ta cr{ 3a 3ana3BaHeTo My
B orAenlru TexHLI o6nacrl4 I.I oco6eHo BbpxyrrepHoMopcKoro urt xpaii6pexr.ie. Peurasarq
rfaxrop ra u:6opa ua rpaii6pexnero raroocHoBHa 3oHa 3a nsneH KoIITpOn e HeOCIIO-
pr{Moro MopcKo roclloAcrBo ua l4unepa.n-ra2r. Ilo-rorquara cnrypHocr ryK flplrBnr]qaHaceJreHLIe oT BbTpemlocTTa, KoeTo cSlqo
cTuMynupa rr3fpaxAaHero rr noA4l'pxaHeroHa HOBU, TrO-MZTJIKU Ir [O-fOneMLI yKpeneHl4
nyHKTOBe.
rr B nocoqenara 5441545 r. Dtonysopolis v3-r,rex,qa e 6t,r 3aJltr or Mopero B pe3ylrrar Ha Moq-no :leuerpeceHue (nanp. [uvnrpoa 2001, 88 u qrar.
raru usrop). Axo rcpenocrra e rr. Xopu:onr ce 4a-Tnpa cnen ro3rr KaraKJrr.r3T,Nr, ro 4llpexruoro ir o6-Bbp3BaHe c Bb3craHoB.sBaHero (I,I [3MecrBaHero Ha
uon repen) Ha fpa.qa e roruqHo. Eeeurya,rnoro rin3rpaxqaHe npeAr.r 544/545 r. o6aqe 6l,t 6uno g nor-3a Ha nHTeprrperalrlrtra i{ Karo o6oco6ea eoeHeu,
cna6gurereH u/rl:rn y6exurqeH qeump.I llpnnouHxru, qe B'hB BbHrlHara yKperreHa
3oHa Ha frnsls (Acrae), rono e xtu 10 xa, nua o6-utI,rpHn He3acTpoeHu rrpocrpancrBa.
2r Ot<a:st or nBJIeH KoHTpoJr BbpxJ 3Haqlt-
TenHI,I paiioHx Iro fpaHuqara rl BbB Bbrpe[rHocrraua Scylhitt u Moesia secunda e [peAH3BecreH orMac[paHoro HacraHr{BaHe B rqx B xoAa Ha V-V[ e.
na r. Hap. .foederati. Oltaglr or nbjreH KoHrpoJr
He o3HaqaBa o6aqe orxa: or KoHTpoJI tt:o6u1o. Ta-
K6B, I'IJIU TIOHe CTpeMeX 3a TaKbB UMa, HO Berle He C
ArIpeKTHo npflct cTBxe Ha BoeHHa CI{JIa H aIM}IHI'I-
crparrdBeH anapar. a rrpe3 cpeacTBaTa Ha ar'lIIJIoMa-
ur,r{Ta r{Jllr HanpIIMep qpe3 ubpKBara, qn{ro pojlte o6rqecreenu.r xl,tBor HapacrBa Henpercrcnaro. Blu ]H KoHrcKcl (repHo\4opcKoro xpaii6pextte Ha Aee-Te npoBuHqr{x, KbAero I4Mnepttra 3ana3Ba nbJIHufl
cli KoHTpon, np[ao6nea crparernvecro 3Har]eHne 3a
yar,pxaHero Ha rpaHutlara no AonHHt [yHaa r :la
:aulurara sa Con s tanlinopolis.
442 Ben4uctac flua,tee
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Apxeo:rorux, XXI[, 1981. 4.45-49.Arasacos 1997: 14. Aranacos. Apxeo:roruuecxn npoyqBaHr{s B ceKTop ..Ky_rra Nl 4" ua
aHTr.rqHara Kperrocr "Koea.rescxo nane". -.{. Osvapoe (peg.), Ilorono B Mnua:roro, II, Co$rr.1997,48-56.
Ba,rxancna 1914: A. Ealxancxa. Crpoure,reu uagruc or K6cnoaHTllunara xpenocr Tupu-ca Ha Hoc Ka-nr.raxpa. - Apxeororr4rJ XVI, 19711, 1 , 66-12.
Eeurennrles 1962: B. Beuren:rues. tr4: xrcnoaHruqsara r{ cpeAHoBeKonnara reorpa(rnr naCenepousrouna Etlrapr.rx. - tr4ssec:rrry Ha apxeoJrorr4rrecKr4r r.rHcrr.rry! XXy 1962, 1-18.
Eo6qesa 1973: JI. Bo6.{eea. K'scuoplnrcxa 6anrr Ha Hoc Kar{arpa. I4:eecrul ua Orplxr-HI{.q ucroprFrecKu rrly:eii rp. To:r6yxvu, I, 1973 , 143-167 .
EonrHarcoe 1977: P. Bounaxos. Pasffolrxr Ha KT,cr{oaHTr4qHa u cpeIHoBeKoBHa Kpenocrnpr.r c. Kpaneeo. - Apxeo:rorravecrrr orKprrrur u pa3Konxr.{ npe: 1976 r Corf ur, I97 j , 90.
Eongxuen 2000: C. Eo.rgxuen. Ea,rrascxNre Kperrocra Ha pr4McKara urlrnepi.in. - Kpe-noc l'Ho crpor.rrelrcrBo rro 6r,lrapcxnre se,r,rz, Co$u.x, 2000, 5 1 - 1 1 2.
Bara,runcxu, ,[uHvee 1995: JI. BaralrzHcru, B. flunuen. Apxeonortrvecxa rapra rra o6-rquua Tyrparau. - lI. Eoft'ree (pe.q.), TyrpaKaH B HcroprrqecKoro pa:eurue ua flo6pygxa, Tyr-paxau, 1995, 1 2-48.
Bacs"rquH 19'19: tr4. Bacurrqlls. O6povnu rrJroq(r.t or Tol6yxlrHcxtr oxpr,r. - I4:eecrul Hauaposnux rray:eii Bapua, XV (XXX), 1979, 112- I15.
Be,rxon 1959: B. Benxoa. lpa4r,r e Tpanu.r x [axiu npes Kbcnara aHrrrrrHocr (IV-VI n.).llpoyueanal rr Marepr.ranr4. CoSr.rr, 1959.
Be,'rKoe 1979: B. Belxon. flnr IV/1. Pa:narane na po6on:ragelcxux crpoii. O6ruecrne-Ho-r4roHoMr.rqecKo r4 rroirrrrr{qecKo pa3BuTrle. - B. Benxoe (peg.), I4cropru na Etnrapur, T. 1,Co$ul, 1979,377-405.
lepoe 1954: E. fepoe. Ponaanu:r'rc,r Mexly IyHaBa u Ea:rrana or Xagpran 4o KoucraH-rru Bemrxu. 9. II (llpogr,irNeuue). - logulrnrlr na Co$aficxru yHr.rBepcrlTer. (Dunororu.re-cKu OaKynre! 48 (1952-1953), 1954,301-414.
.{annHon 1973: C. ,{arunon. llpoyveaunx ua nyla JVI 3 or xr,csoanrur{Hl r rpal npu c.Bofieola. - tr4gsecrr.rq Ha HapoAHr.r.s My:efi Lllyr'len, VI, 1 973, I 89-203.
laurIHon 1975: C. ,{aluuon. flerq:a crpoureJrHa KepaMHKa Ao KT,cHoaHTHqHr.r{ rpaA lrpfic. Boiieoga, Lllyuencxo. - fogalruur Ha My3er{re or Cenepna B:s.nraprz.r, I, I 975, 1 I - 1 5.
flarrnnon l9'7 6: C.,{alrxnon. flpoyveaur.i.x na crpaga N 8 or xrcnoasrnqnr.i{ rpaA nprr c.Bofieola, Lllyueucro. fogtrurnux Ha My3exre or Cenepua Er,lrapux, il, 1976, 17-28.
.{aunuon 1978: C. flauxnon. Crpor.rre:rua KepaMr.r(a or KtcHoaHrHqHHr rpaA npN c. Boi-eoga, LlJyr"rencxrr oKp6r tr4zr.eclus na Haquonalur.ts Hcropr.Frecxr.{ uysefi, II, I978, I39-173.
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lxuuron H gp. 1990: I- flxunron. A. 6a:rrancra, M. ocuQoea. Kaluarpa. T. L Kpe-rrocrHo crponTencrBo. Co$r4.{, 1990.
HoetLne n cuoprurcxu qeHmpase Hd Sc1tltia u lloesia Secunda
,{xunron n ap, 1987: l ,{xuuron, A. Ba:rrancxa, M. frocur}ona, f. PaAz'rroe. Apxeo-
JrorrrqecKu npoyrrBaHnq ga KirnrlaKpa. - ApxeonoruuecKu orKpr.{Tr{-f, }r pa3(olKla npe: 1986 r.
Pa:rpag, 1987, 198-199.
.{u*rurpoe 2001: M.,{lruurpoe.,{uoutrcouoruc. Bapna, 2001.
!uuoea 2008: C. ,{ltuona. Cnacnrersrl apxeonorr4r{ecKlr pa3xonKrl Ha o6eKr "KoMfinexc-
na crpaga" e rp. O6sop, Vfltr4 VIII-203, rs.41. - Apxeo-noruuecr<r{ or(prirrul H pa3KorKII npe3
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.{unuen 1997: 8.,{unvet. PtrNdcxure BIrJlIl B AHelrrHara 6:bnrapcKa repuropr'u. Co$ul,1997.
.{unven 1998: B. ,{uuvee. K:racuSuraquxra Ha K6cHoaHTurrHI'Ire tpaAoBe - acneKTI'I, BT'3-
Mo)nrrocrr.r u perueHHs. - Apxeonoru-x, XXXIX, 1998,3-4,25-33.
lunuen 1999: B. flnHuee. 3a rpanrqara na rpagcrara $opua Ea xI{Bot B Kt'clroalrrl4rlHrr-
re ,u4oue3rr Thracia u Dacia - HaAqeHeHr.rre rleHrpoBe. - Apxeolorux, XL, 1999, 1-2, 13-31 '
flnnvee 2001: B. .{uuuee. KracuQuxaqur Ha KbcHoaHrHaIHHTe rpaAoBe na Thracia u Da-
cia - uo4el u l4HTepnperaql{x. - lo4nurnlrr Ha apxeororrlqecKus ttHcruryr c I'lysei, I, 2001,
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,[nuven 2002: B. ,{nuvee. Kr,u xapaxrepacrlrKara }Ia fipeacraBrrrenHara K'6cHoalrrl'IrrHa
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,{oHvena, Croiixoe 2002: tr4. ,{oriveea, B. Crofixos. Apxeoloruvecrz flpoyrlBaHut Ha
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2001 r Cot!z;r, 2002,95-96.
443
Beu4uctae llutaec
fonvena v g,p,2004t Z. {onvena, O. A:rer<ca:rgpoe, M. leopnree, H. pa$aulon. Apxeo-nof qecKr{ npoyqBaHus Ha o6eKT "KoeaqencKo xale" npe: 2003 r - ApxeoJroMqecKr4 orKpH-rr.Ir u pa3ronxr.r npe: 2003 r. Co$us, 2004, 114-116.
{onuena u p.2007t tr4.,{onvena, H. Pycen, C. Cranen. Apxeororuvecr}r rpoyqBaHr.r,Ea KbcHoaHTr.{rrHara Kpenocr Kogaqescro Kane IIpe3 2006 r - Apxeolorvuecrr{ orKpr.rr}r.{ H
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KOJIEKTI4BHI{ MOHETHI4 HAXOAKI{ OT IV BEKcJr. xP. B 3EMI4TE HA AHEITIHA EbJIfAPI4fl r,r
TflXHATA POJTtr B NOTPEEAJIHATA TIPAKTMKA
Aneua Teuvoea
Konlrqecrneuoto Harpy BaHe rrpe3 no-cjreAHrrTe AeceTrrJreTr{r Ha AaHHr.I oT npoyqe-HtI rpo6na cbopbx{eHr.rs nocraBq npuHur4rrHonoeu npo6neuu, cB6p3aHI{ c rcyrraBaHero Ha
norpe6a-unme BtrpBaulrs u nparruru.t. HanN-qrlero Ha MoHerrr cpeg rpo6uru ur{BeHTap 1to-
Ka3Ba rrpaT(rzhTBauero na ceoeo6pa:eH o6peg,H3BecreH e rpaxraiicxr.rre paiiouu lpe:l e,rn-HLIcTI{qec(ara H paMc(ara enoxa. Flapacrna-Hero Ha Mor.rerrrr.r HaxoIKIi or rpo6one e :e-Mr4Te Ha ;1uerrrHa E:urapur cleg Xpucra eeue
nojlcKa3Ba. 're craBa Iyura ra neiicraHe, xoeroI4Ma Ba)ItHO MTCTO B pCIUfI4O3Hr4_f, X{BBOT Ha
Hacelrer{r{ero B TpaKlrficKr{Te pHMcKH npoBr{H-
ua H. B,Teii c refi r e,ruocr norpe6a,rH HJtr v lpo-rne,q lra ApeBHr4Te TpaKH rrpe3 pHMcKara erroxace oKa3Ba cloNeu $enoueH, $opl'rupau vpe:HacJrarBaHe Ha n{ecrlru u uyN4lr o6pe4u.
B npocrpancraoro rrex;lv .Ilvsan u Cra-pa rr,rasuua. Ha taran ot Dera tr4ct<'r,o. e per l-crpupaH eArzH cnyuaff ua nocraexHe Ha ror.r{M6poii rnroueru n rpo6iro c:top'r,Nenue (Ma-rIoB 1975,41; IOpyxona 1977,70). B:evureltexav pexrrc I4crr,p n IIH rna norpeda,rn:r-Ta nparTuxa or o6nacrra orHoBo BKJrroqBa
IIOJIafaHe Ha IiOHeTII 3ae,4HO C IIOqIjHaJIIIq.
lne ro:rexrnnnu Haxo,{Kr.r rroAcxa3Bar 3a
cnequ$nvHrr o6peA (BenKoB 1925, 250; fe-pacrrMoB 1956,611). Ilpanu oneuar:reHue, .re
n pafioua Ha ugroK or p. JIHrpa (Ho 6eg nog-ruiicxuq xuurep:rann) ca 3acBuAereJrcrBaHr.r
ceaeM cnyqarr Ha IroilafaHe Ha MoHeTn KaTo
rpo6eu r.rHnenrap (lr.nroea 1966, 13, 14; fe-pacrrMoB 1963,260; Anaee 1981, 27-28).
Cr,rqnsr norpe6a:reH o6pe4 ce :ana:raycroii.Iun u Ha ror or Crapa nraHaHa. no re-
.{eHriero Ha pexure CrBy@jLVklIq 3a roeacBaAereJrcrBar 15 norpe6enur (Ounor 1911,
269; @unou 1913, 328; fepacuuoe 1965,
249; fepacr.n'ron 1967,187 tDr:ruroea 2003,121; Ilurqa:ion 1996, 79-80; .{uvurpona-Mur'{eea 2002,287' Ky:uanon 1978, 16-18;
Ky:nauon 1986, 113; A:ra4Noea 2006,57-59; Kauapoea 2002, 225). ller or r.{x ca orTepr4Topn.sra rra aHTrrqHara CepAuxa. Karo n
eAr.iH or cJr,vqalrre craBa Blrrpoc 3a 14 rpo6a cIOCTABEI{II TI.SKOJ]ITO I{OIIETI,I BT,B BCEKI{ OT T'X(@x:ron I 9 1 3, 328). 3a pa::ruxa or p. Crpyn,ta,
rlo reqeHl{ero rra p. Mecra ca n3BecrHu caMo
uerzpu norpe6eH{tr c aeno3l{paHu MoHerH.
Crana nr,npoc 3a rrJroctK rpo6, pa3nonoxeHB 3eMJrr{rqero na c. Orn.srroso (fepacuuon1965,249) Ir rpli rpo6rrr.i cboprlr{errr4.s npoy-qcIIE IIO BpeMe Ha CnaCUTenHL{Te apxeOnOtH-qecK p:r tronKH nprr c. Konpne,reH. e paiioHa
Ha CpeAHa Mecra (A:ragNoea 2006. 57-591.
Kaqapoaa 2002" 225).
Or foDso rnar a i.rc rara sH rHHa npoul-JrIi3aT OCeM rpO6nfi Cr,Op:SXeHUrr C MOHeTU,
raro norpe6areu gap (I-eoprr'ren 1988, 124-126; I{oHvee 1954,217-228 Kacsoe 1999,45-51). IIo cperHoro rerreFrue Ha peKure
Mapuua u Tvs,uNa ca 3acBr.rAereJrcrBaHlr ABe
lorpe6enur (Ar4qNon 1965, 106-109). OrDaiioHa Ha noHtttficrcHq xuHreBI4IA lpglll:nr43aT Tpr.lHaJIeCeT Cnyqa{ Ha AenoHlrpaHeHa NroHerr.r e rpo6uo cl,optlreHue (Tonueea
1962,58 - 59; Bacurumr 1991, 39-40; Ba-cu:r-{uH 2002, 68-69; l-epacuuoB 1957,325Benxos 1938, 422-424; IOpyxoea 1982,62-65; Eonena 1984, 23: Arpe 2001, 71-72;Arpe 2005, 58). O6qo ca perucrpupanu 48
450
cjlyr{arl Ha IenollfipaHe Ha foJI.sMo KOJIHTIe-
crBo MoHeTr.l B 1-po6Ho cBopsxeHr.re. KaroCe OTqI{Ta yCJ'IOBHOCTTa Ha rpaHr4III4Te, BCe
rraK c ts63MoxHo Ia ce oqepTaqT o[IpeAe.[e-HH perHoHalIHu oco6eHocTr.r B nofpe6anHlitlt{lIpot-JIeA. IIpaeH errevauenue, ve uari-ur-ro-ro cnyqafi ca pefr.icTpuparr[ B AHerr]Hr.rTeroro3alaAr{r1 Sr,,rrapcxu 3eMI{. CborBcrHo,naii-l,ra;rxo ca npoyrreHu B ceBcpo3arraAHa
6r,:rrapnn, 3arraguo or p. tr4cxr,p. Macoearanparruxa npe: IV n. cl. Xp. Ha rocraB.rHc rra
rou{Nlo I(oJII4rIecrBo N{oHerH e rpo6nurc cr,-opT,xeHHt oT BT,TpelItHOCTTa Ha CTpaHaTa fO-Bopr.{ 3a 'r'paiilro ocf opl'ren MecreH xapar{repHa norpe6alntr-a o6pe,q. OqennrHo ReIH6x{HaBJIt3JIa CpeA MeCTHOTO HaCe":IeHIIe OtUe
npe4r.r Xpucra, npaKTr,rKara Ha lenoHr4paHeHa I'onsM 6poii voaeru 6rp:o go6una ycroii-r{HBH rro3nru4r{ e norpe6a:rnr.rx Mr.{ponrel Ha
ApeBHr{Te TpaKH.
3a unrepnperaqusra Ha puTyana Ha
nocTaB-{lle lla MoHeTu 3ae.qHo c noqlIHaJII{tBAXIIO 3HAqCHIIC HMA MCCTONOIOJI(CHHETO
Ha ]raxoAKHTe crrprN{o cKelrera. Cr,rqo raxarpr6na 4a ce npoyrJf aaJrn r.rMa Bp63Ka Mex-,qy KoIxqecTBoTo Ha MoHeTr.ITe H ocTaHaJIIItrpo6eu unneHtap, T.e. Aalrr4 MnoxecrBo Mo-Herrr ce fiocraB.sr caMo e 6orarn rpo6oeeI{Jrr4 14 B raKrrBa 6e: gpyra norpe6aluu gapo-se. BaxHo e Aa ce npocjreAr{ u AanH N{oueru-Te r4MaT OTHOIIe]IUe KT)M nOIa Itill4 B63paCTTa
na norpe6anlix.B ocelr or cryqauTe craBa Bllpoc 3a rlo-
rpe6enur B HaArpo6Hr.r Morr{Jrr.r. B gecer lo-rpe6enuero e H3BT,prleHo rrpe3 TpyloH3rapr-He. B rlerllpri cnyqaq ca norpe6ann I(eHu, B
ner neua. Cuc cpaorure,ruo 6orar uHeeHrap
ce orllr4qaBar 50% or rpo6onere. B ocrana:ru-Te rrJrr.r e rroJloxeHo [o eAHo tJ]]IHeHo c6lqe,r{Jrrr JrrrlcBa BcrKaKtB Apyt rrHBenrap. B 32tt/o
or rpo6oeere ca reno3r-rpaHrr or 3 ao l0 uo-ueru, a 2lYo ca nojToxerrH xaro norpe6a:reugap or 11 4o 20 uoueru, e 1502 or clyuau-re cr,Atpxar or 21 ;1o 50 uoseru. B 4Yo ornorpe6eHurra ca ifeno3upaHu or 51 go 100
NroHerr{, e 4o/o ]F'a[ 100 i\roneru, B ocraHajrr.rre
l4 % 6poxr na uoHerrire He e yroqHeH.
Or npoyuenrare 48 lorpe6eHul trorar ;1a
ce o6oco6rr 1l napuanra Ha pa3nuqHo r,rec-TOI1OJIO)I(eHUe Ha N{OHeTUTe CflptN{O CKeJIeTa.
B rpx cry-rar ca rocraBeHn go cxelera. BeauH ca HaN{epeHLI pa3rrpbcHal'u Bbp\T Ttto-To Ha rroquHa.lrltq. B rrrecr - B:bp\T rpbAHuqxour. B gna - rrpu pbKara u B eAr.rH N.te)K!y
ArrcHara pr,r<a n peSpala. B rpn - np rna-Bata H B orue TolIKoBa cj]yqa.s MoHcTuTe calroci'aBeHli e rop6uuxa. B gua ca rrocraBeHr4B r.{lrHeu c6A lr B qernpn - n 6lH:ocr 4o pa:-JrHqHfi cr'loBe. llpu egHo or norpe6cHr.rxraMOrreTaTa e nocTaBeHa B ycTaTa Ha rloqrIHa-nHs! a npu Ipyfo - NrexAy KpaKara.
IIoq-tH ecl4qxu or rIoJroxeHT.{Te l{oHe-T ca N{eAHr.Ir ToBa ce at';txr na tlarra, uenpe: IV e. HoMlrHaJrHTe o'r' cpe6po ce cexar B
ofpaHLlrreHLI eMr{cqlt lr ToBa IaBa oTpaxeHr.reBT,pry rlrrphJrraq[oHHara cpeAa.
Pa:npocrpanem.rero Ha xpqcru{HcrBoroHe cnEpa IpaKTr{KaTa Ha rrojraraHe rra NtoHeTrr
3aeAHo c [oqI{HaJ]I{t. 3a rona cwraelclctear42 Ko:rexrueHlr rraxoAnrT, orKpr.irr{ B cpeAHo-BeKoBHulr HeKponon xpari c.9urpa, lopuo-op.rxoBcKo (Br,ueapoe 1993,62, 118-133). BcbcraBa Ha eaHa or rrx, naMepeua e rpo6 Nl83 aa uerpono:r Ir Bnrta Lr pr4McKa N{oHera, ce-qeHa nplr yrrpaBneHr{ero aa rn"ureparop Kon-craHrr.rH II (317-340). Moneraa e c MeAHorrapo- Koero BropurlHo e nocpe6peuo seporr-no npes XIV n. llpucrcrtuero ir e xoreKTrn-Ha HaxoIKa oT MOIIeTI4J yrracTBalu B napuqHoo6psrqenue npe: XIV e., Moxe Aa ce cB6p)Keelr4ucrBeuo c o6pe4ru Synxqilu ((B:sveapon1993,62). C:srqlllr unneurap cr,Abpxa rr Apy-ro norpe6cHue or ro3H nepuoa - or pariorrana Bapna. Monerare ca Ha ,repeHl4 B rr oxoloAoJIHara rre:rrocr Ha rroqr.rHaJll{f, (Jla:apeuxo2005, 215). Crxponurqero e clcraBer{o o.f26 pa"utu:tuu cpe6rpnu MoHerLrJ Karo ttoBe-qero ca BeHeqr4aHcKH conAuHrr. I,{:leecrur.r caI{ Apyrr{ cpeAHoBeKoBHrr rpo6oBe, B Kor{ro ca
Aefro3r.rpaHr{ noBeqe oT eAHa Hnr4 ABe MOHeTTI,
KaTO B IIOBeqeTO CrD/t{ar4 CTaBa Bbnpoc 3a Me,4-Hu raxnra (lanuHoe I 988, 1 88 - 190).
Br: ocnoea Ha 48 npoyuenu cnyrras uaAenoHHpaFre Ha noBeqe oT eAHa rlJrr.t IBe MO-
[{otexntLattu uoxetnxu uaxodxu rht IL/ eex cJt Xp. e *unne ta duetua E'bneaput tL ml-xHann pa)1t,,, 451
lreTr4 B fpo6Ho cGop:bxeHr4e, oT 3eMr.rTe Ha
.rIHeuIHa Er,nrapus, npe3 IV e. cr. Xp., uorar,qa ce HanpaB-r{T cJrearrr{Te o6o6qaBarlH r.i3-
BOAI4:
1 . Flafi-woro rpo6Hr.i cT,opr,xeHr{r c no-JroxeHu MoHeTH 3aeAHo c noql{HaJIIIJ{1
ca pefHcTpr{parrH B l}remHa rofo3arraA-
Ha Fbnrapuq.2. O6peg:sr e [paKTLiKyBaIr Kaxro B r]Jro-
cKr.r rpo6oBe, TaKa a B HaAfpo6Hr.t Mo-fulIu.
3. Moseru ca flocraBrrHr.r npe.quMHo rrpurrorpe6eHur, rr3BT,prrreHri qpe3 Tpyno-rroJraraHe. Ho puryam,r e 3acBr.rAere;r-
cTBaH U B AeCeT Cnyqarl Ha Tpyrror43ra-
prHe.
4. flonr,r u B!3pac'rra Ha florrnHanrls Hr-MaT BHIILIMO OTHOIIeHI.Ie KBM Kojrrrqe-
CTBOTO IIO]IOXCHI,I MOHETI4.
5. llpeo6:ralaear cnyqar4Te Fra rrocraBr-He Ha MoHerr{ B 6egHrz norpe6cnux.
6.Ilpegurtro ca Aeno3r.{paHr.r or 3 ao 10
MOIICTI{,
7. Cperqar ce 11 napuanra Ha N'recrorro-
JIOXeHI{e }Ia MOHeTI4Te CnpSMO CKeIe-ra. Haii-qecro ce HaMr.ipar Ao cKeJrera,
BT,pry fpbAHr.ir Korx, rrpu rjraBara, B
Top6fiqKa Ao rasa, a cr,g. Monerr.i ca
nolaraHr.r u xpaii HrKo.s or ptuere LJnr
3ABUTI{ B TIJ]ATHO.
Tp.a6na ga ce or6erexa, rre npu BceKrz
Herporron 6poxr ua rpo6onere c Aeno3rrpaHr.{NroHerH e Iro-Marr,K or re:u 6e:. llo orso-IIIeHIIe Ha npOCTpaHCTBeHOTO pellleHlie Ha
nocraBrHe Ha MonerttTc e rpo6a. oqeBuAloe HeBB3MoxHo ga 6:r.qe nogena raKBaro u Aa5n;ro craulcrlrxa B cnyqaure Ha KpeN{aulrr.
Cnope4 norpe6anHara lrAeo-torE Morrerrrr4-
re csKpoBri Ia TpyAHo NroraT Aa ce cB6pxaTc JrxrrHocrra ua XapoH (car'ro npu eArro ornorpe6enulra MoHerara e IlocraBeua B yc-rara Ha norpe6aHrrs). Cnopeg anravnureaeropu Xaponoeara raKca BB3Jrr-t3a Ha eAuH
rr,'rH ABa o6orar (Luc- Char. 1 1 ; Anth. Gr. VII
IB .qeiicrsure:rHocr o6pa:r,r na nogxapr ce 3a-
nzBBa i.r B IIo-KbcHlr Bu3aHTr{iicxn rexcrose or X a.,
r\-r,,rero e HapeqeH .lHouIeH KpaAer\ Ha gyun" (Ale-
68. 1 8; Anth. Gr. VlI67 . I - 8 et al.), xourocnyxaT KaTo rrJraTexHo cpe,qcTBo I{a noAKa-
ps, 3a Aa nperapa .qyllrnre rrpe3 pexa CrrrKc2
AO TIapcTBOTO Ha xaAec:
Lucianus. De luctu 10. 2 5 €,netbdv
rrq crnoOdrvn rrirv oirriov. fiptrlrcr F€v<p6povreg opo)dv sig tb ot6pcr rot60qrcrvorirQ, pro0dv rE) fiopOpei tflq vuotL)"iuq
Ysvno6prvo!
Lucianus. De luctu 10.2 5KorcroHeKoIor 6nr.r:rure yMpe, Haii-HanpeA Aouac.qregzn o6on, 3a .[a ro c:roxat n yctata3
KaTO BT,3Hafpax.qeHr.re Ha noAKapq 3a
nJraBaHero.
B geficrerme:ruocr ce nosBr{Ba pa3N{ll-
HaBaHe Me)r{ay nr4TeparypHaTa nonynspHocTr.I npaKTl{Kara MHoxecrBo rrorpe6eHrul He
BKJTIOTIBaT CpeA HHBeHTapa CU MOHeTa 3a xa-pon. B Onunr, HarrpriMep, npe: IV n. np. Xp.,cauo 66 or fipoyqeHr.r 644 rpo6nn c6opr,x(e-Hr.rs c6A6pxar uoHera (Monis 1992, 106).
Ha repuropu.ara Ha rlenrr.f, ocrpoB Kuntp uvacauo 32 rpo6a, e KoHTo ca orKpr.rrr.{ N{oHerrr ortttracnqecKara enoxa (Destrooper-Georgiades2000, 188). {o ce ornac-r Ao pr.rMcKH.{ He-
Kporron B ceBcpHala vacr ua KopnHr. Heurata
crosr orle no-crpauHo. He e nalrepeHa uuro
xiou 1991, 414). I-leror aHalror Mor{e .qa ce Hax{eprr
u e Eu6ruma (Mt. 24:43; Pet. 3:10)2,{peeHnre rbprlu u pHMnrHu BqpBar, qe peKn-
re Crurc u AxepoH rexar Mex.{y cBera Ha xlrBrrer4 cBera lra ceHKxre. JloJlKapqr Xapou c ocrrneH naIIpeBO3Ba Ber{HO CeHKllTe Ha MbpTBIlTe OT e.qr.rHrjr AO
apyrnr 6par Ha peKr..rre. BrN: Ferguson s.d., 148;
Waser 1898, 9, 12, 17,56; Hermann 1954, 1040;
Kyu 1967 ,27 .
'Morerara ce noclaBq,ra B ycrdra Ha fioKoiiHr,r-
Ka, 3a Aa rre r :ary6n rro guuux rr:br KbM IlapcrBoroHa ceHKuTe, rroHexe npexrrTe Ha npeBH[Te fbpu]I uph\4nrH Hqvanx lxo6osc u raro Haii-cxrypHo \rrc-ro recro;pe6nrre MoHcrrr ce HoccJrH e ycrara. Bf'bprtr4r 'r'o3r{ o6a'{aii e :acenAereJrcrBaH or Kpa{ Ha
VII e. np- Xp. Brlx: lepacr.ruoaa - ToMoea 1972, 13.
Cpa: Gririsell 1957,262. MnHKoBa (Mnnroua 2005,
99) nocraBs Ha.ra,roro sa o6nqas oxo,ro VIe. np. Xp.
452
eIHa MOHeTa CpeI tpo6Hr4s r.rHBeHTap, B:bnpe-
I{u qe xpoHonotHqecKH cLBIIaIa C I,T3JII43a-
Hero Ha Jlyxllauonara carupa - II e. cl. Xp.(Morris 1992, 106). B rarln c:ryuafi uoxe gace npeAflonoxx, r]e MoHeTI4Te ca CJIy)nUJI]I
He caMo KaTo [JraTe)r{Ho cpeAcTBo 3a npeBo3anpe: Axepon, Ho u 3a lreulo Apyro.
I4:ueNga ynorpe6ara rra MoHerr{ Karorpo6err ranneurap cr,trlo llua cnoure $a:rlHa pa3Br.rrl4e. C:ry'rar.tre Ha nocraBsHe HaN{OHeTU rrp}i KpeMaq[s ca MHoro [o,peIKI{,or re3rr npu TpynononaraHe. Pa:6rapa ce, neMOII{e Aa Ce TBpcr{ IeIIoHHpaHeTo Ha MoHeTr.r
n rpo6uu KoMrJreKcr{ lo-paHo or VII n. np.Xp. - neprzoga, n xofiro ca orceqeHrr n6pBr{-re lu4uilcrr.r (Hdt- I 94, l) u rpr,qxu vone-rr'r. IIo nocraeJruero Ha pa3nr.irIHll r{era-lrHarlpeAMeru Aarupa or no-paHo (Morris1989,502-519: Morris 1992, 106; Hermann 1954,1045; lepacunoea - ToNrosa 1972, 13). BAproc r Kun:sp ca npoyr{eHv rpo6one orreoNIeTpHqHaTa eIIOXa, C IIOJIO)KeIII{ MeTaI-Hu rruriroBe (obeloi) :ae1uo c rorrr4Ha;rr4t(Kurtz, Boardman 19'71,211; Wilke 1925,303). flpe: apxar.rxara B rpo6nu cr,opr,xenrror 0:16r.rg ca lraMepeHr.r .qoMoHerHH rfopur.i cc,6para r-ra ael$uH (Stevens lqSl.227 ).
Ha rrecra fiIeqra 3a XapoHoen.r o6o:rnplrgo6rna rom<oBa crrnHu IIo3I4IILI[, r{e Ce U3-
pa6orBar cneqr{zrnHr.r 3JIarHIr Jrr{cra c orlleqa-TT,K Ha rrcrliHcKa Morrera. 3a roea ceu4etel-crBa rpo6 or HeKponoJra Ha Arzua or cpegaraHa II e. np. Xp. llorpe6evnero e r.r3B6prrreHor{pe3 Kperrarluq, KaTo ocTaHKHTe Ca rrojroxeHHB ypHa, 3aelHo c ,,uonerara" :a lo4lop_ra.
Cnopeg aurrmHuTe aBTopr4 o6lr'ra.rr,.Xapouoe o6or" ur'ra verupu xapaKrepricrlr-ru (Stevens 1991,216), a rrMeHHo:
1. e4unuuua MoHera c nucra croifulocr(Luc. Char. 11; Anth. Gr. VII 68. I - 8;
Anth. Gr. VII 67 . I - 8 et al. )
'3,'rarnnsr n cr npencraBr lr:o6paxeaue Ha
KyKyMrBKa rr e [onoxen n rpo6 L lo rpacero Ha ynu-qa Lenormant a Artrfla. llo crr,ur [THIIaTa HaroMH.qHa KyKyM{BKrrre Bbpxy altucxr.rre MoHerll or 160
140 r. np. Xp. - re. cfirixpoHH]r Ha rrorpe6enHero.BrDK: Boulter 1963,32,126, plate 45 L 3
2. nocrasena n ycrara (Luc. De luctu l0;Anth. Gr. XI 168, 6. 171,7.209,3;Prop. V 1 1, 7; Juv. III 264; Apul. Met.vI 18 )5
3. no npeue Ha cMr,prra (Luc. De luctul0)o
4. xaro :an:ratqane aa Xapou 3a rrpeBo-:a npe: pexa AxepoH r{Jrrr Crurc (Luc.De luctu 10; Char. 20; Anth. Gr. VII67. 68)
B 4penHa flpqul o6o:rl.r. e AlreBHaraHaIHrr1a 3a MHoro xopa (Grinsell 195l ,262).flo npeue na flenortosecxara noiiua (431-404 r np. Xp.) Nusorrr [ocKbuBa 3Harr]r-TerHo, 3a roBa r4 3anJrarlaHero sa N{Horo Aeii-Hocrr.I ce yBenuqaBa or eAuH na 4na o6ona(Grinsell 1957,263). BeporrHo rMeHHo ro3utfarr :a:r.rra B ocHoBara r{a upoHr{qHoro or-HorrreHr.re na Apr.rcroQan (xpax na V - na-ra-:roro r:a IV n. np. Xp.) xr'rr.r Xapononara rar-ca. Ornaqalo B npon3BeAeHrzero ,,Xa6are",roii noxcruna, qe o6nqaqt BKJtoqBa rrocra-B-{Hero Ha eAHa Monela. Ho ualxo no-KT,cHo,
laoHuc - onarnaiixu ce Aa BT,pHe Enpunr4or rroA3eMur4t cB.sr, rrura Xepaxr,l xax garrpeMuHe pexa Axepon. Xeparr,r My orro-Bapr: ,,crapurr MoprK qe Te fipeKapa c nol-Ka, cpeuy raKcara or gea o6ola" (140-141).Cnope4 ocraualr{Te aHTr{qHIt aBTopLI 3arrra-
IaHeTO Ce AaBa B HaqaJIOTO Ha II6TBaHeTO r4
naxoii ne Moxe Aa npeMuHe lra orcpetqHlit6pn 6e: noAxapr - !!rB6p4e grl6oxo e 4a cerrpefa3ll; TBBpAe rXlrpoKo, 3a Aa ce fipel]ny-Ba, rreqo noBeqe - Aopr{ MbpTBrrTe nTIIrIr.r HeMorar Aa flpeJrerrr HaA Hero (Luciar-rus. Deluctu 2).
Eguo e crlrypno - Bcur{Kr4 rpr,rlKfi ri na-Tr{}rcKu aBTopI4 Ca eAUHOAyurHr4, qe NroHeTE_
Te ca [peaHa3HaqeHri 3a rrJraTexHo cpeAcTBoHa nolxapr 3a npeBo3a npe: p. Axepou u:rrlCruxc. llpoa:ne4eauero ua Anynei (Ii n. c.t.Xp.) ,,Merauopt|o:u" e e4lrn or nocneAHrrreKIaCI4rreCKu TeKcToBe, B KOUTO Ce CITOMeHaBa
XapoHoeru o6or (Apul. Metam. 6. 18. 4-5).
5Cpa. Rohde 1910, 306; Borza 1955,6 Cpe. 'foynbee 1996, 44
136
Kote*mueuu uouenwu uaxodru on IV aerc ct. Xp. a seuume ua dxeLuHa 9bneapuq u ntrxHana po)tt ... 453
Anroprr HegnycMr4cJIeHo I43T'LKBa, r{e o6onT-T
e rrpBB n Hai-Ba)Iter{ I]pH nprifoToBneFrrrrTar
h3BlpuBaH B cn) qati H:r cMBpf. Ho Toi.i cno-MeHaBa II 3a C6 IeCTByBaHeTO Ha IBOfiHaTaTaKCa, IIp]r Ko_flTo nbpBaTa Mor{eTa e crzMBoJr
Ha ,,cMBpTTa", a BTOpaTa - CpeACTBO 3a ,,B53-KpeceHHe" (Stevens 199 1, 220).
B eru:og or rperara carrzpa ua IOee-Han (BTopaTa IIoJroBr.rHa Ha I - Haqanoro Ha
II n. c:r. Xp.) ce crroMeHaBa, rre B PuM rpa-AIIIIHOHHO Ce IIOCTaBjI MOHeTa B yCTaTa IIanoqr4Harr4r (Iuv. III. 265 -268). Cnequalnoce noAqepTaBa, qe co{r,(arHE.{ cTaTyc HrMaorHorueHue rro Blnpoca. I4gexrar qe cMrprraLr3paBHsBa 6orarr.r ra 6egnu e nogg'r,pNaua uor llponepquii (I n. np. Xp.).
B rporora Ha ,,fleHyn" fl:ranr (cpe4arasa III - ntpBara qerBr'pr na II n. np. Xp.)
raBHHqr repoii - 6orar r<aprareneq, yMr4-
pa or pa:6uro cr,pqe cne,q orBJrllqaHero Ha
Manxr4r My cun. I {r:roro }raclreAcrBo ocraBaB ptlIere Ha eAI4HcrBeHu.{ nry 6paronveg. Bpe3ynTaT Ha ToBa rroqr.rHaJrrrqT ce rrB.f,Ba npeAnogure na Axepon .,6e: raxcara :a npeno:a"(viaticum line 71). tr4 ryr, xarro B npou3-Be/{eHuero ua lOoeuar, crg6ara B3uMa HoB
o6par. B cNr'l,prra cu 6oraruqr qoBeK craBaTo.lrKoBa 6egen, ue HrMa Aoptr ,upe6Ha MoHe-
Ta, c KofTo JIa 3aB6plJr.MTS Ha AymaTa cH.
H.grolxo eufirpaMl4cra cnouenanar Xa-poH 14 TaKcara 3a npeBo3 or egltH o6ol. Mo-Herara or rroeMara na ANTtaaH (Anth. Gr. XI209. | - 4) uMa cr.rJrara rra Bl3Bp:bqalqa paB-
HoBecHero - cl.i\,rBoJr Ha cMbprra. KoiiTo It3-paBHsBa 6orarure fi 6eAHrire (Stevens 1991,
217). Jlr.iuuocrra ua tr4p, npocrrtr or AoMaua Ogzceii, ce rB.rrBa o6pa: na 6e,qnocrra uocT,3HaBaHeTO, qe B CNfBpTTa He N{O)Ke Aa Ce
orHece Herlo rroBeqe or e4na lrouera. Mo-Hera, Korro ua 6pera Ha Axepon, ocraBa B
pr,qere Ha no,{Kap{. C:srqzx nr,:r:re4 cnoge-.mr Anrutpau (Anth. Gr. XI 168) n Jlyqr.r:ruit
(Anth. Gr. XI 171). Or 4pyra crpalra MoHe-
TaTa MOi(e Aa ce BTfnpr4eMe u KaTo ,,pars pro
toto" orpaHr-{.{eH cr{MBoJr Ha 6rarara (Borza
1gss, 142).
Ano gonycnela, qe noAKaptr He e cBT,p-
3aH C npaKTAKaTa Ha .(enoHllpaHe rra foJlt-MO KOJTI]qeCTBO MOHeTH 3aeAHO C rrOqHHa-
JrI,r, TOfaBa KaKBa e cMI,lcIoBaTa HaToBape-
HOCT Ha rrOAO6eH rorpe6aleu Aap? ClopeA
ApeBHIiTe l6pr{n cfinaTa Ha napLITe e KaKTo
B r{crr{HcKara cTofiHocr Ha MarepHara, ornoiiro ca HarrpaBeHr.r, TaKa rr B ycnoBHara
urr croiiuocl 6a:upaua Ha rIL{pKTJIaqrItra(Arist. Polit. 1.6.14 - 16). llapure npllao6l{-Bar rroqrr4 MafltqecKa HaToBapeHocT, 3aqoroT{xHara cr.TJra e HeBr{.{uMa. Bepoxrno or raur{ABa r.i foJrfMara o6peAsa cr.rna. r{pe3 rrapr.I-
Te xHBr.TTe rpngo6uear cnoco6uocrra ra ce
aoKocHar ,{o cBera Ha MbprBure. OcseH ae-rroHr4paHero r4M B rpo6oee, a Puv uua z gpyrpuryar, xoiiro cBTrp3Ba rraprrre c noA3eMHoro
rlapcrBo (Stevens 1991, 228). Bcrxa ro,4uuapuMJrtHure xBT,pn{T MoHerrr B Kypunenoroe:epo (Lacus Curtius) Mscro, noqlrrarloKaro BXo.4 K6M OTBEAHT.Tq cBsr. B 6uOrpaou-r-ra na Aerycr, Cneroriuil orr{cBa KaK Bcr.IrIKr4
cbcroBr{q rro AaAeH o6er exero4no xBt,pn.sr
B e3epoTo napr{ 3a 3IpaBeTo r{a }rr{nepaTopa(Suet. Aug. 57.7 -B). Tosr.r pu'ryal norerpx-AaBa, qe napltTe ca pa3tnex,qaHl4 Karo lr3Bop
Ha 3,4paBe u clrla. fpo6rr, Karo aHaJror Ha
KnaaeHerla ua l(ypuuii, e Bt3rrprreMaH Karo
orBop MexAy cBeTa Ha xr.rBETe I,I MbpTBlrTe
(Stevens 199lL, 229). Monerzre, rpr{HeceHII
B )KepTBa no BpeMe na cMlp tTa hflH nofpe6e-HIreTO, Ca HaqLIH 3a XUBI.ITe Aa KO[,IyHr{Kr{par
c MbpTBrrTe, Aa no.4noMorrraT ) rBoTa cJrea
cMBpTTa. flO rO:lU HarrliH N{oHerrrre, Aeno-3upaHr.{ B rpo6a, npouerur cMucJroBara crlHaroBapeHoc! xaro ry6.rr nonryrrarelrHara cr.r
crofiHocr r4 [pr.rAo6rzBar ,{pyra - Ha MeAr{a-
TOpr4 C nO.43eMHOTO qapCTBO.
454
I{nrupaua rrHTeparypa
Asgee 1981: Cr. Aegea. Moncruure Ha-xoAnr4 or Esnraplu HaMepeHH e rrepraoga 1823 -1900 r.- Hyivu:varrlna, 15, 1981,2,21-28.
Anpe 2001: !. Arpe. Apxeo:rorauecxu pa3ronxr.{ Ha Morr4Jrr.r n u. Ilponaga rpail ManxoTr,pnoro. - Apxeo:rorr.rvecKu ornpuru.q 14 p.LlKorrKH npe: 2001 . CoSux, 2002, 7l-72.
Arpe 2005: !. Arpe,,{. l{uuen. Morunu pnMcxara enoxa e I]enrpalna Crpaugxa. -tr4:-necrrx na Haqr.roHarHr.r.r ucropuqecKr4 uy:eii. 15. 2005, 43-l4.
A,ragxon 1965: !. A,'ranxoe. Pa:ronxrz Ha rpaKo-prrMcKr.r Morr4.reH HeKponon npu Me-purrrrepn. trl:eecrurr na ApxeoloruuecKn.s uHcrr4ryl XXVIII, 1 965, l 7 -\22.
A,ragxoea 2006: .{. Blaglvupona-AJra.qxoBa. Ko,'rexrusHu Morrernr4 HaxoAKH 0V - VIner) or paitoHa Ha Cpe,qHa Mecra. - Spartacus II. 2075 rorulnu or BT,cranrrero ua Cnaprar.Tparo-pl.rvcro HacJreAcrBo. 2000 ro;1trnu xp. cru.sHcrBo. Mextgynapo4eH cuuno:lryu 1- 4 or-rouepu 2002 roAnna CaHlancxu. Bemlxo Tr,pnoeo 2006, 57-59.
Fonena 1984: 14r. BoHesa. Krcnoarrraqna MolrerHa HaxoIKa or ley.nryu. Hylru:uarr-xa. 18, 1984,3.23-28.
Brunapoe 1993: 14s. Br,veapon. ffnrpeucru HeKpororu.r. flea cpegnouexoBHrr HeKpononaor XIV s. riplr c. trrrpa. lbpnooprxoecro/. Berruxo Tr,pnoeo, 1993.
Bacu.n.rarr 1991: trIs. BacrarqraH. Kr,cHoaurnr{eH rpo6 npu c. Hepaa, /{o6puuro. -I4:necrluna Hapognri.r Myseil IJapHa, 27 , 1991 , 31-40.
Bacu.n.run 2002; I|e. Baculqun. Tpaxuiicnu rre(ponon o'r It{Ve. npt c. Kparyneuo,
llo6puuxo. - I4seecrrs ua Hapoguur uy:eii Bapna, 32 33 (47 48), 1996, 1997, Bapna,2002, 46-73.
Be,rxoe 1925: I4s. Berxoe. HosoorKpuru crapuHr.r. - 14:necrra.s ua Er,nrapcrux apxeono-rr{qecxr4 rlH crrrryr, III, 1925,248-253.
Be,rxoe 1938: i4s. Be:rxoe. KbcHa praucxa rpo6nuqa npu c. 6e:rorpageq. - tr lgsecrr.is HaApxeo:roru.recxfir rrHcrr4ry! XII, 193 8, 422-424.
Ieopruee 1988: ll. feopruee, Cn. Klr.ree. Pa:xonx[ Ha aHrr.uua rpo6naqa npra c. Baul, IIa-3ap,{xurrrKo. - ApxeoJrorr4r{ecKrr orKp ruq lr pa3xonxn npe3 1987. B:raroeerpag, 1988, 124-126.
IepacHuon 1956: T. fepacuuos. Korex[isua HaxoA(H Ha MoHerr.r npe3 1951, 1952, 1953u 1954 r. tr4ssecru-s ua Apxeo:roruvecxnr rrucruTyr, XX, 1956, 602-611.
lepacunron 1957: T. fepacauoe. Konerrr.reHr-r HaxonKH r{a MoHer[ npe: 1955 r. - I4:sec-rur na ApxeoloraqecKr.rq r4Hcrtrry! XXI, 1957, 323-321 .
lepacuruon 1963: T, fepacnrtoe. Ctrpoaurua or MoHerr{, HaMepenrr e Eurapl.rx npe:1960 r 1961 r - I4geecrr4q Ha Apxeoloravecxu-{ HHcrHTyr, XXVI, 1963, 257-266.
lepacuruon 1965: T fepaculroe. MoHerur.r c6KpoBr.rqa, HaMepeHr.t a Bllraprx npe:;1964 r - I4ssecrnr na Apxeororr{qecxr.rr{ uHcrr{Tyr, XXVIII, 1q65,247-250.
fepacnuoe 1967: T- lepaculroe. Monerna cr,KpoBr4qa, HaMeperrn e Br,lrapux upe:1966 r - I4:secrr.rr na Apxeonorr{qecKur t4 Hcrnryr, XXX, 1 967, I87 -f92.
fepacuuoea - Tolroea 1972: fepaculroea - Tolrona. B. Ilognaearn :rn ca rpanrre o6o:raHa XapoH? Hywuzr'ra;rnxa,4, 1972.
.{alrnnon 1988: H. laruuoo. Panuoxprlcru.nacra 6asr4ruKa u HeKpolon e u. ,,[olnaEapruna", o6rq. Aocnar, fllonguecxa o6:racr. Apxeo:roruuecxrr orKprrrr4r lr pa3r(onKu rrpe31987. Braroenrpal, 1988, 188-190.
llrlrnrpona-Mlrfl.reea 2002: Al. {lrur.rrpoea-Munveaa. Cauaancru (Sandanski) (Cae-ru Bpau) or Anrlrqnocrra go CpegHonexonnero. - Puurcru
'r paHHoBR3aHTuiicKH rpaAoBe B
Er:rrapnr. T. 1 Co$ur 2002,269-294.
Kotexnueuu ,vrauennu Hdxadlll on IV seK cl. Xp. e seuume ua dnewlta |bltzapa u nqxAama pont ..- 45 5
.{nlroea 1966: B. flunrona. AuruqeH Hexpolon fipu c. neiiquHoBo, Pycencxo. - I4:eecrrrua Hapo4unx uy3eii - Pyce, 2, Bapna, 1966, 11-28.
Karlapona 2002: B. Kaqapona, B. XagxlranreroB. KtcHoaHTurreH r-r cpeAHoBeKoBeH r{e-
Kponon Kpafi c. Konpr.iBneH. - Konpneleu, i , Co$ax, 2002,215-243.Kucroe 1999: K. Kucsoe. Tparniicnl.l HeKporron or IV-VB. Kpaii c. Eopr.rHo, CMo.[{Hcxa
o6racr. - Apxeorroru.s, 1999, 1-2,45-54.Ky:nranon 1978: f. Ky:uauoe. KscHoanmqen HeKporron n Cau,4aucxu. Apxeonorux
xx, 1978, 1, 13-21.Ky:'ltanon 19861 f. Ky:uanoB. Cnacrlrennrl pa3Korrxn Ha aHTriqeH Hexpotron B c. Myne-
rapono, E:raroeerpa,qcKx onpr,r. - Apxeo:rorrqecKrr orKpr.rrrrr r.r pa3KorrKu npe3 1985. BeruixoTrpuono, 1986, 113.
Kyn 1967: H, Kyn. CraporptrlKrl rereHAH r.t MrrroBe. Corlux, 1967.
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Mauroe 1975: Cn. Mauon. Tparui;icxn Her{ponolr or pnMcKara eloxa npr4 c. lparuau,Bpavancru orpr,r. - Apxeo:rorus., 197 5, 1, 41-5 0.
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uexporora na Anrycra TpalHa (lI - IV n.). B: Mouerfire u 6anKuor.rre - gr,3Moxrru rrpoqr4-
ru. IO6aleen c6opHnr B rrecr Ha cr.H.c. A-p Xpucro Xapr,rronos, 2005, 99-106.Iluqa;ron 1996: Cr llurqa:roe, B. IIerr<oe. K6cHoaurr..r.JHa rpo6HHqa van:oneri or
caHnaHcKr.r. - Apxeo;rorrnuecxr.r orxpurr4q pa3KorrKu nper 1995. Co$u;r, 1996, 79-81.Tou'rena 1962: f. Touqeea. Purvrctcz HeKpononu or To:r6yxuncxo u Bapueucxo. - Apxeo-
.norus. 1962.4, 55-60.Orl.nr.rnona 2003: Cs. Or.rrznoga. Ko;rerrr.rnHa lroHerHa HaxoAKa or BTopara rro;roBaHa r{a
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rrecru HHcruryt II, 191 1, 268-287 .
(Drnoe l9l3: E. (Duros. Honoorxprlru crapriHrr. tr4:eecrus Ha Blnrapcxrir apxeonorr-qecKr'r uHcrr.rryr, III, 1913, 328-339.
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451
TIAPIIIIHI4'IT HOMI,IHAJI CEMIIC fIPE3 V BEK
lourca Bnadu,vupoea - Anadcrcoea
O6exr na Hacro.{rqoro cro6tqeuue ca r.r:-
KJIIOqI,ITENHO IICHI{I{ EK3EMIIIJIPII HA 3JIATHI,I
MoHerlI or V nex, crxpaHrBaHn B HyMrr3Ma-
rnvHnx tfon4 na Haquonalnlt{ apxeonoru-
'recxfi My3eii - CoSru. Tona ca uerupu 6poxceMr{cu orceqeHr.r g KoucraHrr4Horroll, B IIe-pr.roaa or cperara Ao 90-re ro.4nr-rrr Ha [eroroCTOJICTI4E.
Kaxro e q3BecrHo ocHoBHara MoHerHaeAIIHHTIa B K6CHO pIlMCKaTa MOHeTHa CUC-
TeMa e 3JrarHHrr coJrHA c rer.no 4,50 rpr upaBHsBau ce sa ll72 or pr.rMcKr4s [ayH,4(:rz6pa). Cevenu ca u gna ro-MaJrKr4 HoMrrHa-
'.a, - Y, U t/z OT COnkI!.a - C HZMMeHOBaHU.STa
cboTBeTrro: ceMltc I,I TpeMHc, u TeopeTr.{rrHu
reura or 2,25 rp. u 1,50 rp. fft,pnonavaanore:ra $paxqllr.r ca [ycKaHH B orpaHrrueHu Ko-
JIuqecrBa, TaKa qe coJll4Abr e 6Hr ocrioeHara3JraTHa MOHeTa HA AZapA.
Ceulrcsl roriro nyur.rsuarure or XIX e.
Hap qanu IIo aHaJlotr4Jr c rroJ]oBI4HKaTa Ha
AeHapfir - rnr.inapuii, cttrlo e BGBeAeH orKoncranrus Be:rrzxrz. flpes IV e. r4 rro-roJrr-Mara qacr Ha V B., Tofi e 6ul qepeuoruralHaMOHeTa CerreHa rr pa3npocTpaHrBaHa rrpe3
onpeleneHu nepr4oAr.i (5 roguus), no [oBoAroAlrrrrHr{Ha oT BT,3r{aprBaHeTo Ha I4MrrepaTo-
pa Ha rpoHa (Ulrich-Bansa 1972, 147). Touae ocHoBHaTa IIpIIqLIHa eK3eM[JItpIITe OT TO3rI
HoMr4na[ Aa ca peAKr.r. lopu n rol.ruoro cr-KpoBlnqe or VB. or Xoxcne, cr,crorrqo ce
or 15,234 6poa ::rarnu u cpe6rpnu uonera,ceMr{cr{ Jrr{rrcBal 3rrat]luflT HoMLrrraJI e npeA-craBcH caMo cbc corl4nH. a cpe6rpHHr or cH-
nrrKBu rr Mrrnuapencua (Guest 2003, 36).flpe: VI B. 3JrarHara Monera ceMnc ro-
JryrraBa apyf cTaTyT, 3alorrBa,{a ce ceqe B
3HATIUTEIHH ITOJ]I4TIECTBA U BJIJ43A BGB BCC-
KU.(HeBHa yloTpe6a. O6r.r-raiiHr.r.{r rHn sapeBepca I]pu Ta3r.r aeHoMrrHarlus e ceAr IaBurropux c Haarruc Vota Ha rlr.rra, npri r{3Aa-
Htle'ra Ha riMrreparpr4 ilrrre or V 8., Ha peBep-
ca r.rMa xpr4crorpaM 868 BeHeq. Tuur,r c Votae 6I4n 3ana3eH 3a r{MneparopaTe, Karo npe3BTopara nonoBr.rHa Ha BeKa e 6ra:r n:ssnpuer lror BiraaereJrure na 3anaga :a rexHLITe ceMlr-or (Grierson, Mays 1992,33).
,{o cera e Eurapux nrua ny6:rur,.rynaan
ceMr.rcr4 or V n2., raxro r{ pef}IcrpLIpaHLI eK-
3eMIIntpI4 B KOJIeKI{IiIZTe Ha tOJIeMr4Te My3er{!
raro Bapnar, fl;reneu, LIIyneu a lhongue(Krlcson, flporonon, louee 1998, 60-65).llo1o6na e cnTyaqurra u rrpu roirrMa qacr
or KoJIeKIIT{t4Te B qyx6LrHa, Karo Hanpr{Mep
ry6rlrxyeauara HacKopo c6ripKa Ha My3e.s B
Ee:rrpa4, KbAero e orrncaHa caMo eAHa MoHe-
Ta oT TO3II HOMIiHaJI! HO nO-K:r,CHa, Ha r{Mrre-parop tr4parnrafi, ceqeHa B CuqrErrla (Pagnh,
trIeaHuues h 2006, 144).lk pnu-rr erceMnnrp o6eKT Ha roBa npo-
yqBaHe e ceMuc Ha r.rMneparop TeoAocufi II
LB RIC X e nprero relroro or 4,50 rp. :a egr.trcorng (Carson, Kent, Burnett 1994, l2), a fpllepconnpneua remo or 4, 55 rp. :a co:rrlg (Grierson, Mays1992,27). flpn re:n napaMerpu neuoMuHaqHl{reor- Y. w '/. or conlAa 6uxa 6unT cr,orserHo 2, 27rp u 1,36 rp
2 B crarnq or leoprn Ky:uanoe 3a pa3KorrKr4
s H[ronor[c ag Hecryv e cnoMenaro 3a orKp]rra3JIaTHa MoHera - Y, cottu!, Ha alrn. 3enou (I{y:na-uoa 1994, 34), rp cBepKa B Hyr'rHsuarrnHnx QouaHa PI4M EnaroeBrpan ce oKa3a, qe craBa AyMa 3a
TpeM[c Ha cbu]flr nMnepaTop.r flo lror.r na6,rrcgeHut B My3errre or crpaHara.
458 IoaKa BnadtLMupoea Anadctcoea
O6p. 1. 3namua atoHema (ceMuc) Ha uMnepamopTeodocuit II (nuqe u onaKo).
(408-450), Kofiro uMa cneAur.rre xaparrepr4c-TIIKI,I:
J]. DNTHEODO SIUS PF AUG Brocr HaHMI]epaTopa Ha a.{cHo.
Or. VICTORI AAUG Ceanana Blrxro-pur Ha jlqcHo IT'pxfi [Ir4r c nagnuc +XXXVB rseoro IIoJre 3Be3Aa, a B A.trcHoro lony -xprzcrofpaM
B orpe:a CONOB
! - 1 8 uu, T-2,20 rp (npo6nra) I4un.N!532, HAI4M -BAH
Ta,sz eNrucus ceMrrcr.r ce Aarupa B rre-pr4o4a 443-450 (Hahn 1989, 61, Nr 42 c).Karo qx:ro ro3u HoMI{HaJr, KaKTo !I no-Mair-Kr.rr - TpeMuca or r4MrrepaTop Teo4oczfi IIce pa3nr4qaBar or cborBerHlrre $paxquu uacoJIEAa CeqeHIi c r4MeHaTa Ha LlMnepaTpltqu.OcHoeHr4-st rHIr 3a r4Mrleparopzre e rpa4l{-rluoHrro celnrlara Brznroplrx c Vota (Carson,Kent, Burnett 1994, 81). Hagnncrr VICTO-RIAAUGG e nolyqun norfiqHo pa3Br.rrr{e orynpaBneHr.rero Ha lluneparop ApxaAufi nace-rne. trtlgnorgsanero Ha reHoMunarlusra He e
tcHo, Ho onpeAeneHo e cBbp3aHo c qecTBa-
HeTO Ha neTroAr-rrrrHr.IHaTa oT yrrpaBneHrzeTo
rI 3aTOBa IaBHO e I{3IIOJI3BaHa lrpr4 l.rN{[epa-
Topcxure qepeMoHr.ilr. tr4:r:rexga o6a.re He
BcrzqKr.r ceMlicr4 ca 6utu orceqeHr4 no Bpe-Mero, Koraro e 6u:ro ar<rya,rno qecrBaHero, aBeporruo r.T rro-K:bcr{o (Carson, Kent, Burnett1994,81).
Or uuneparop Teogoclril II ca vssec:rHuofpaHrrqen 6pofi celrucu, Kotrro ce pa3nr4-qaBar ocHoBHo no rr3rltcaHr{Te qzr}plr er,p-xy [Ir{ra, rofiro nogg:spNa Bur<ropu.r. Te:uc HaArrric XV XX ce orHac.sr K6M rrepr4o,{a
O6p. 2. 3namua uouema (ceuuc) Ha r ,rnepamopMapquau (nurye u onaxo).
420-422 r (Carson, Kent, Burnett 1994,256223), ruonem cbc cr,rqu.{ Tt4rr 14 HaArrr4c ceqer{ I4Mneparop Xonopufi (Carson, Kent, Bur-nett 1994, 256, Na 222), KaKro r{ r{MneparopBanesrrlnzan III n nepuo.{a oxrounprE 425
429 r (Carson, Kent, Br.mett 1994, 258,
^ells. 247, 248).
Xponolorrnecxra cJIeABa ceMLIc Ha I4M-rreparop Mapqnau (450-457), rrqero oruca-HHe e cIeIHOTO:
JI. DNMARCIA NUS PF AUG Erocr naHMlreparopa Ha .4scno. B :rqsoro rroJre Mex-4y nagnnca u o6pa3a Ha fiMleparopa r4Ma r{3-
ApacKaH eguu rpa@ur rog $opuara na rpz-I,fT,J]HAK.
On. VICTORIAAUGG Buxropur npasaHa A_SCHO, 3a.4 Het I Tr AO JUIBOTO CII KOJUI-
Ho rlo.nnrrpxa Lqnr c HaAII{c or roiito,rnqat3naqtrre + XXX. B ri.rsoro rrojre 3Be3Aa, a B
ArcHoro Aony - xpr4 cTofpaMB orpe:a CONOB.{- 19 rrru, T -2,20 rp., I4ur. N! 4083Cnopeg Xan ceMucr4Te na Mapquan or
rura Vota +XXXV (Hahn 1989, 38, N! 9),rrpoA:bnxaBaT TpaaldrJljsaa Ha eMr.rcr]lrTe oTro3LI HoMur{arr ua Teo4ocxii II or 450 r. ua-cerne. B uauux clyvari o6ave rzuaue nrpxy
Ir.rra o3HarreH Kprcr r.r qu$pzre XXX, xomoce rro{BrBar Bbpxy ceMrzcllTe ua TeoAocufi IIrrtpBo BT,B BpB3Ka c 2O-rogrzlrnrauara or yn-paBJreHuero Ha vMrreparopa n 422 r. u cnea430 r sa Eeroeara 30 ro4ailHma (Hahn 1989,39; 42). Xan rlpeAfionara, rre n:bpBoHaqaJ]Ho
KptCTsT MOXe .4a e r.r3rr6nHtBan polrra na XB O3HarIeHU.STa I{a tOnIIHIITe I.I TOfaBa lqe ceo:Haqana Vot 35,40,45 (Hahn 1989, 31).
flapuuuunm uouuuat Ceuuc npe: V eex 459
O6p. 3. 3tamua uoHema (cer4uc) Ha uvnepamop,Uz,s II u 3exou (nuqe u onaxo).
B antoplrrernoro r.r3.4aHr{e RIC X ca or-6enq:anrl caMo ABa rrrr]a ceNruc]r, npu KoLr-
To r{agrrr{ca B6pxy rqrrra e XXXXV n ron-ro cnopeA aBropure ca ceqeHrr cneA 450 r,KaTO rrpoAT,nxaBaT Aa ce ceKaT rr IIo BpeMeTo
Ha LlMlreparop Jft,n I (Carson, Kent, Burnett1994, 961. 2781, 279,IeNs 514, 515). Tar<a, :acera, c o3HaqeHxero crr eK3eMlr-{psr or Ha-quoHanHr4q apxeonornirecKH My3eit B CoOr4tce qBtBa or HoB, Hely6nuKyBaH ,4o cefa ruII.
Cregearqara nroHera - ceMr.{c e Ha JII,B II(1 8 xayapa - 17 noeunpn 474). To:u n:rage-Ten e Br{yK Ha HMreparop Jk n I, or rolauataMy Ar,rqeps Apaagna a 3enon. lloc.negnu-sT cTaBa c6uMflepaTop Ha cBo-{ MaJrr,K cr4H,
a Koraro rofi yMr.ipa clreA HrKoJrKoMeceqHo
yIIpaBneHue, 3esoit c-gAa rra rpoHa, Karo BJra-
creJrr{H Ha Koscrasrunolol (OcrporopcnN1996, 110). Tesu ncropuvecxz o6cro-{rer-cTBa IIpaB_sT pa3rnexAaHaTa IIo-Aony MoHeTa
Ti3KJIIOqI4TeJIHO IIeHeH IT3TOqIIIIK 3a AeBeTMe-ceqHoro ynpaBneur4e na JI:sn II. MoneraraLIMa CngnHI{Te XapaKTepuCTrrKu:
JI. DN LEO ET Z ENO PF AUG. ErocrFra r.rMnepaTopa Ha arcHo
On. VICTORIA AUGG Ce4ua:ra Blrxro-pvs Ha ArcHo Atpxtrr tqrrr c nagnuc XXXX.B rlseoro no-rre 3Be3Aa, a B ArcHoro AonyxpIIcTofpaM
B orpesa CONOB
.{ - 18ruu, T - 2,16 rp (rpo6ura), tr4HB.
3 800tr4uneparopure JIre II u 3eHoH cerar c:6s-
MecrHo ceMr.rcn B rrepr{oAa 9 $enpyapra - l7HoeMBprr 474 u topagu ro3r4 KparrlK nepr4oAJ
oTKpLITHTe eK3eMnn.f,pr.{ ca orpaHErreHo Ko-
O6p. 4. 3namna uouema (cenuc) Ha aMnepamop
3erntt (tut1e u onarco).
nrrqecrBo (Carson, Kent, Burnett 1994,298,Ns 806).
llerurprara uolrera o6exr r.ra nacroqllo-TO rr3noxeHlre npltHa.4nexH Ha LlMfieparop3enon or EeroBoro BTopo yfipaBneHne (aB-
rycr 47 6 r - 1 1 anpu:r 491 r) (Carson, Kent,Burnett 1994, 306). lft,peonavanHo 3euon e
HarreJro rra r.rMrrepr{rra or 17 noeunpn 474 rgo 9 -rnyapu 475 r, cre,qna neprroA Ha y3yp-fiaqur Ea Bjracrra or Ba:r.irurcr 475-476r.(Carson, Kent, Burnett 1994, 299), cneA Ko-
eTo BJracTTa oTHoBo rrpeMlrHaBa B pT,IIeTe Ha
3enon. OrucaHuero rra eK3eMrrllrpa e cneA-
HOTO:
JL DN ZENO PF AUG. Erocr ua uune-paTopa Ha AscHo.
Or. VICTORIA AUGGG Ce.qna:ra
Burropun Ha ArcHo Alpxrr qr{r c HaArrr{c
XXXX. B rqBoro flore 3Be3aa, a B arcHoroAony - xpr4crofpaM
B orpe:a CONOB
.{- 17 ruu, T -2,20 rp., (npo6rara), tr4nn. 66
Ta:lr irronera ce cB6p3Ba c BTopr{r [epu-oA Ha ynpaBneHlle Ha }rMrrepaTopa caM r.r e
Tpera eMHcIrt Ha HoMI{HaJIa ceuuc (Carson,
Kent, Burnett 1994, 307 , J',lo 91 3). Mouer-Hr4fT Tr'rn e ca lfi_s, KaKTo IIpu npeaxoaHr.{Te
34arvfl, no HaArrr{ca Br,pxy rlr4Ta e VXX.I{ernr,pra eMr{cr.rJ{ cr,rqo ce pa3nnqaBa noHaA[rica B III Ta xxxY a npfi H.sKoH eK3eM-
rtnqpfi I-IMa BapfiaHT [p]I noftro xplrcrorparraB Arcrroro fiolre e 3aMeHeH c rpr,cr (Carson,Kent, Burnett 1994, 309, No 931, 932). Cno-pe.{ XaH Te3r{ ceM[c]r na vuueparop 3enou(Hahn 1989, Ne 12) ce pa::rlruaBar or eMr{cu-HTe Ha flpe,qxoaHllTe I4MnepaTopu rro HaAnr4-
160 ,(ovxa Btadtuupaaa Aladxcosa
ca oKonoBpr,cT Ha peBepca, npE Koiiro AUGe c (rpu) GGG, s\decro (4ne) GG, xaxro e
rro-paHo (Hahn 1989, 52, Nr 12). Pa:;rraxa-Ta Me)KAy ol]rcar{xre B RIC X eK3eMnr.{puri To3r4 oT My:er n Co$ux e B o3HarleHzreqnopr.r B6pxT rrlr.rTa, npr4 Harlr{r eK3eMrrJU{p
re ca XXXXa, a e xarairora XXXV (Carson,Kent, Bumett 1994,309, No 931, 932).
3a cera rry6:rur'ryBaFra MoHera c HaInucBT,p\y rqlrra, Karo ra3r.r or HAI4M - Co$rlHe cMe orKpr4nu n ny6luxynanllTe cfleqr{-anu3LrpaHtr H3n.allt4t H TOBa npaBI,I eI(3eMIIJ].q-
pa II3KITOqHTeIHO IIeHeH.
Houuna:r:sr ceMlic ce cerrc LraMo B cro-Jrlzt{Hara MoHerapHuqa g Kouctanrunolo:tIl TO B OfpaHI{qeHLI (OJIEqeCTBa! KaKTO COqaT
npr4Meprrre or cBeroBHr.rre nolexqnu (Grier,son, Mays 1992; Carson, Kent, Bumettl994;Hahn 1989).
I4svepeuare rer;ra Ha orrr4canr4Te rrorope ceMr.rcrr ca 2,20 rp [pr.] Tpure eK3eNr-
nlrrpa H eauu - 2,16 rp. [Ipu rpu NtoHerr.r
.tltporo e npo6uro rr Mo)r<e Aa ce lpeAnono-xu, rre rerlroro l.lu u 6uno B fpaHIiIILITe or
2, 20 rp go 2,25 rp. Toea e n:r:lroqurefiionaxHa Iaurlopnrarlnq, 3aqoro craBa AyMa 3aMOHeTLT, CetreHu [pr4 ynpaBjreHr4eTo Ha Tpr.rMa
HMneparopn B rrepuoA or 6nu:o 50 roan-yu (443 - 491 r). Ha rasu 6a3a Moxe aa ce3axlrroqu, qe rerJroro Ha ceMltcnre e c66nro-aaBaHo no-cTpofo H oTKJIOHeHI.IT OT 3aKOHOBO
ycTaHoBeHoTo He e aonycKaHo, 3a pa3nr.iKa
OT TOBA NPH OCHOBHIUI HOMHHAJI CONIIAI,I-
re (Bragr.rnrapoea - A:ra4xrona 1993,14 -79;Bnaglrurpona - Ariagxona 2003, 83-94;Bria-Ar{Mr.rpoBa - Ana4Nona 2005, 45-52; B:raaa-MrrpoBa - A:ragxona 2006, 57-60; Bnaar-Mr4poBa - A,ragNosa 2006a, 159-171). ToeanpelnonoxeHrre, o6ave ue ce noAKpenq oroTr(priTl4Te eK3afr{rr 3a KoHTpon Ha ceMr{cuTe,qHrrTo Terjra ce IBfixaT B eAr{x AocTa rxEpoKrirpaHlrrrn (Vladimirova-Al adjova 1997 ,20).
Pa:rlteganute 3Jlarrrrr MoHern ceMr.TcI4 orc6rpxara na HAI,IM - Corlra.r ca H3Klrloqu-TeJIHo rIeHeH eMnr{p}lqeH uarepr.ral, xoiitoc xapaKTepr4cTr.{Kr{Te cr{ AonpuHacr 3a IIo-rrbJrBaHe un$opvarluxra 3a MoHeroceqeHeronpe: V n. e cnetoeelr uarqa6.
I{urupana J.rnreparypa
Bragrlunpoea - A,ragxona 1993: [,. Bla4urupona.- Ala4Noea. 3laruo rraonerso cr,-KpoBr.rqe or V eeK. Hyuu:uarura H clbparrcrr.rKa, 1-4, 1993, 7 4-79.
Bnagun.rupoe a - A,ragxona 2003: !. Bla4r.n'rzpoea - AlagNona. llponuuqurare Kpaii-6pexna ,{arlrx u Muzus.II s cserrr.rnara Ha MoHerHtrre HaxoAKr4 or V e. - Hynau:llaruxa uerurpa$nxa, 1 ,2003, 83-94.
B,ragulrupoea - A,raAxona 2005 : .{. Blaguvupoea - A:ra4xona. 3rarHo r,roHerHo cr-KpoBlrqe (Vner) or Krocreugra;r. Hyvnlnarraxa, elurpa$uxa u c$parucrma, Co$ux, 2005,2,45-52.
B,'raguunpona - Anagxona 2006: !r. Bla4rauupoea - Anagxoea. Ko:rexrusuu 14oHerHuiraxoAKr{ (IV-VI nex) or paioHa na Cpe4na Mecra. - Spartacus II, Be:raro TtpHoeo,2006,57 -60.
Bnaguuupoea - A,ra.qxosa 2006a: !. Bra4uuupoea - A:ragxona. Clxpoaurqero or Be-3eHKoBo a 6eresure 3a 6orarcrBo rrpe3 Kl,cHara aHruqHocr. Hyvn:uaruxa, cSparucruxa ra
enurparf nxa, 2006. 3, 1 59 -11 2.
a l-lgma cuurneure B u3r cBaHero, Tr,ii Karo 3Harlrire ca MHofo tcHll! Maxap lloc]telHurr Aa e no-MaJt1'1oT npel\olHlrTc.
lfapuvuuant uotruucu Cevuc npes / oex
B;ra4r'runpona - A,ra4xona 2007: !. Bnaguuupoea - A:ragxosa. 3a naii-ror-{N{oro Nfo-
HerHo clxpoBl{rqe or V BeK Ha }or or Ea:rxasa. - B: Tpaxraa u XeMlrMoHr IV-XIV n. Bapna,1,2007 , 112-119.
Klrcron, IIponoroB, AoqeB 1998: K. Kr.icroe, I4:r. Ilporonon, K.,{ouee. HyuH:rtarrrqHo-ro 6oratcreo Ha apxeoJrotuqecru rry:eii llronAne. CoSux, 1998.
Ky:uanon 1994: l. Ky:uanon. Kr,croanru.rHa 6aHs e H ronoruc ag Hecryv. - Apxeo-rorux, 1994,2,24-34.
Ocrporopcnu 1996: f. Ocrporopcxu. l4cropur^ Ha Bu3aHruiicKara g:spxana. Corfru,1996.
Paguhn tr{naunurenuh 2006: B. Pa4rzh, B. tr4eaHr4uen h. Bu:anrujcr<u HoBaq rr3 HapoA-nor uyseja y EeorpaAy. Beorpaa, 2006.
Carson, Kent and Burnett 1994: R.A.G. Carson, J.P.C.Kent and A.M.Burnett. The Ro-man Imperial Coinage- X, London, 1994.
Guest 2003: P. Guest. The Late Roman Gold and Silver Coins from the Hoxne Treasure.Cardii 2003.
Grierson, Mays 1992: Ph- Grierson, M. Mays. Cataloque of Late Roman Coins in theDumbarlon Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, lrom Arcadius and Honorius tothe Accession of Anastasius. Washington DC, 1992.
Ulrich-Bansa 1972: O. Ulrich-Bansa.Note sul semisse e le frazioni auree votive.- Quaderni ticinesi: Numismatica e Antichita classiche, 1.972,145-1165.Hahn 1989: W. Flahn. Die Ostpr2igung des Riimischen Reiches im 5 Jahrhundert (408-
491). Wien, 1989.
Hendy 1985: M. Handy. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy, c. 300-1450. Cam-bridge, 1985.
Vladimirova-Aladjova 1997: D. Vladimirova -Aladjova. Control Measures from the LateAntiquity. - Archaeologia Bulgarica, 1997 , 1, 19-24.
461
468
HACOKI4 B PA3BI4TI4ETO HA PI{MCKATA I{fOTCKATA OCT IIPE3 6 B.
IIPEIXEA HA CbBPEMEHHI{TE I43TO[IHr4UI,I
Cucreuara na Pnvcxata lrMnepfit o6e-
AHHtBa B ce6e cs MHoxecrBo riAeHTurrHo-
CTII! eTHr4qeCKH r.I penllrilo3Ht4, HaA KOI.ITO
AoMnHHpa nefinara rroJruTr.iqecxa r4 rrynryp-Ha xereMoHr.rr. Cauoe:s:npuxruero Ha pHNr-
lrtHIITe e Abnlf lpoqec, ]r3KoBaH B TerleHue
Ha BeKoBe.,{ylrare na faii @raMuHrzii e
cMIrcT,JIa Ha "Pr.TM e raM, KbAero ca HalIIlTeneHatI.r", Il.qer:lHo npeAxor(.uar c rrorrrr.r ABe
XI4ntIOneTLIt Te3II IIa 3HarMeHUTU.{ HaIIOJIe-
oHoB BoiiHrrK lllonen. Ce4elrcrorrrH roArnlrcneA BpeMero Ha 3arnHaJrr{r nplr Tpasnven-cKoTo e3epo KoHcyn, pr{McKaTa fi.4eHTI.IqHocT
IrpoAtnxaBa fipoqeca Ha cBoero Soplrupaue,KaTO e IIOIJIOX(eHa Ha HeMUCJIIIMIi 3a CTapETe
repou npoMeHrr.
1-pygnocrra e ge$uunpanero Ha rroHr-ruero "plr*rrrnlrH" rtpe3 6 n. e 4o6pe u:to-crpr4paHa B e,qr4H oparMeHr or "Bofiuara c
nan4arzre" Ha llpoKonfiii Kecaparicxu. BKBcHaTa 545 r. prlrcrv-ar rnaBHoKoMaHABarI
fyrlrapuc (or replraircru npoz:xog) (:a rpo-li3xo,qa Ha fynraprac cpa. Amory 1997. 101)cKirroqBa cr,ro3 c MaBpr.TTancxur eoNg An-rarac aa nogrn6a na arlpurancxHTe npoBlrH-qur.r. B cr,rqoro BpeMe apMrrq or MaBpxTarrqu
II ile3epTr4panfi plrMcKu BofiHr]rIu araKyBa
Kaprareu u lyurapuc e npu3oBau or rtpe-ropr-raHcxur nperfem Apeo6ung ,qa 3aqurr.rrpaAa. MexAyBpeMeHHo Apeo6nu.q u gpyrMaBpr4TaHcKrr mrgep Kyquuac, xofiro ce or-JrriquJr Ha puucxa clyx6a cr,rqo cKrroqBarc5IO3 U HOBUHUTe 3a TOBa Ca AOHeCeHLT Ha
fyngapzc or Anralac. Torasa c orneA Aa rro-Br.{[rr{ crrJ]ara cr.r fynrapuc ::renocraer Ape-o6liu,q rpeg eoinuqure e KaprareH u ro npe-
AaBa Ha cMbpr. Ilo,ry-raoaiixr.i rro ro3r4 HaqarrKoHrpoJr nr,pry Kaprarerr, lynraplrc cnupaLI3rIJIaulaHutra Ha eoiinuqute Ha AHrarac Lr
MaBplrraHcKr.rrr Jrzgep o6egznxna crr;rr{Te cH
c pr.INrcKr.r noiinuqu, JrorlrHtr Ha ltMleparoparroA HarraJrcrBoro Ha Mapqenruyc. EuB rurepr'n"rcrrz norinuqH, \THIi I{ BallAanu, KoI,ITo cace cpaxaBaJrr{ c MaBpr.Tre or Apyfa crpaHaeru:ar e KaprareHJ 3a Aa rroMorrrar na I-ynra-prc. Bop6ara sa or6panara Ha KaprareH rrpo-
a6Jr)(aBa BT,npeKr.r ToBaj To3rr nT,T BoaeHa oT
cr.{Jrr.ire Ha fyurapuc, noA pbKoBoAcrBoro Ha
aprteneqa Apra6aur rroAAT,pxaH or KyquHaccperqy Ara:rac. B rparro cpaNenue Apra6auygrpNa ro6e4ar Ho He ce BB3rolBBa or yc-lexa clr. Toii eeqe e peru4n r-i Aa nr.rKBuAupa
fynrapuc - nnan xofito ll3rrrHsBa c rroMo-IIITa Ha apMerrcKII C6to3Hr.rrlr4, caMo TpItAeceT
,qHIr cneA Haqaroro Ha npeBpara (ProcopiusCaesarinesis, De bello Vandallico II, XXVI-XXVIII (41), 9exa,roea 1998, 251-258).
O6rpxeauero Ha c6ro3rrre e ro:u cnyvaiie [oAqepTaHo oT HeqcHaTa eTrrr.rqecKa ITpu-HaAnexHocT Ha pr-iMcKIITe KoMaHAfipI4J KOI4-
TO yrracrBaT B [spBoHaqalHaTa eKc[eAr.iqus3a orBoroBaHero Ha At|pHKa or BaHAanHTe.
flpoxolail cIroMenaBa Mecrara r4JrH rrpoBr{H-ql{uTe, oT K0HTO H_SKOU OT T.trX IIpOr43XOXIa!a 3a Te3pI, 3a KOITTO He yTOTII{tBa TaKrrBa Ie-tali:u ruure, .re 6rlru poAoM or 3eMLITe r.ra
Tpar<u-r (Procopius Caesarinesis, De belloVandallico I, K (10),9exarosa 1998, 171).Br,Aerqz-sr magister ntililum per ArmeniantMaprun e poAerr rpaKr.req. no He u A:rrr,rac,KoiiTo e cloMeHar cpeA cbtquTe KoMaHArrpu,
r.r3npareHr{ r A$puxa. llpuuunara 3a roBa e
Eonu lyuauoe
Ha, o.tr a parct,nuent^ ,J l.i!.ra'to tt foltctnnn fu)eiqtu,tqo, tn tpc t 6 e. 469
Moxe 6rr BbB (baKTa, qe AnTriac KoMaEUBa
TJHCKO nOApa3AereEUe r.r BeporTHo caMrrrTToii no [po].r3xoA npr.rHaAnexq K6M rpynaTaHa r{3rorrHrire HoMa,{H (xyHrire) (ProcopiusCaesarinesis, De bello Vandallico II, XIII (1 -17), r{eranoea 1998, 225; Maenchen-Helfen1973, 405). Ho rr,ii xaro flporonnii npocroor6en.s3Ba, qe rroBeqero or KoMaHIupLITe t4I-nat ot rpaxuiicnr{Te 3er{rr, He Moxe c rortN{acl,IrypHocr Aa ce orGenexu erHllrlecKara r4N{
rrprrHaAnexHocT, a caMo Aa ce oTqeTc, qc Te
pe3rrAupar B TpaKr{iicKr.tr Ar{orle3. Ta3r-i He-
cl{rypnocr nopantAa rrpo6neN{u 3a aBTopHTeJ
KOI{TO Ce OrrlrTBaT Aa r.r3fpaAsT npelcTaBa r.r
3axJrroqeHa.s orHocHo "eapnapure B apMlrrra]{a IOcrr4HuaH". B a:c:re4eaue rroA ToBa r.rMe
John Teall npe: 1965r. olrrrBa Aa ornrrqfi"poAenr{Te" pr.rMJrrHr{ or re3llj Kolrro ca peK-pyTnpaHu oT r{apoal4, KonTo He ca ro,qarruq[Ha [MneparopaJ T.e. H3BT,H ravueprlxra (Teall1965,294). IIo rosr4 rra-{rn o6a.{e ocrrorcxn-rr xpal Teo,qopux, xotiro e poAeH B llauo-nu-s rqe 6sAe p MnsHuH, Ho He lr poleHuqr B
llepcaprreuru Hap:ec, upexapair AeBernecerfoArrHr4 oT )KzBoTa cH B r.rMnepplrTa.
Onrllure 3a pa3fpaHar{aBaHe Ha pLIMJrt-
HII I{ BapBapII IIO TO3II Har{HH Ca HepeanHl4.
OcnoeHoro ofipeAeneHlre 3a pI{N{nrHr{H BI.IMnepu-sra na lOcrnsr.ran o I To3l{ nepr4ol e
JrorJrHocrra Kr'M uMneparopa (Amory 1997,136). Eruuuecna-ar nporr3xoA Ha orAenrrr.rreJIUqHOCTII - He3aBLICI.IMO Aanr.{ e r-OTCKH, ap-MeHcKt4 r4nr4 r{canpuiicnlt e o6er<r ua turepecor crpaHa Ha flpoKonhfi fi Ararui.{. KorTTo ca
cbBpeMeHHrrqu na cr6uruxra, rro rlirlrar cKnacHuupau MaHrrep. Crpauzqlrre na [Ipo-xonufi ca Ir6JtHI4 c Jrl,IqHocru, Karo ra3lr Ha
rora Clrsu$pu4 or Acu:H, onzcau "n:snpexu.le 6e ror no poxgeHue, rofi 6eure rnlpAe ne-peH Ha przMnrHrrTe H rrM epaTopcxara xay:a"(Procopius Caesariensis, De bello GothicoIII, 12,2, Kon4parsesa 1996, 244). I,lrrrepe-cBT KBM HapOIHOCTIITe He e OfpaHHrreH CaNIO
H3B6H r.IMneplura. flpor<ofiEfi crroMeHaBa He
caN{o apMeHcKr4, foTcKx ,Inu xepyncKv genos,
Ho u xunaxrliicxu, ra[ecrr.rHcKr.r, Kana6puii-cxr{ r.t 'f.H. B 4onr,lueulre orAenHr{Te JILFIIIo-
cTr4 ca onpeAeneHl.i KaTo ef IIT.qHuH, cEprieq,r.rcaBpueq a gp. Znrpuryearlo e u crroMeHa-
BaHero Ha llane:r, roilro 6ur es:narau Ha
pHMCr{a TepHTOplrr. IonyqHn ocHoeHo o6pa-
3oBalrlre B AHTI.IOXUT Ir Ir3nIeXAa e C prrMCKI{
lpor.r3xoa, BbrrpeKlr ue npe: 540 r e npeBo-
Aaq u cGBerHrzK ua nepcr'rficrur qap Xo:poii(Procopius Caesarinesis, De bello PersicoII, VI (23), rleranoea 1998, 86). flpoxorniiyKa3Ba rr 3a H{Kofi cri Mapqr'raHyc, xoiiro e c
"efisaHruficrfi npol.r:xog" (vyzontios genos)
(Procopius Caesariensis, De bello GothicoIII.23,1, KouAparresa 1996,27 6).
Hapogure BT,Tpe H B6H or liMneprr.rranpeAu3BuKBaT r{Hrepeca He ciN{o Ha llpoKo-rufi Kecapuiicxu. I4uneparop lOcruHuan er{acrl{ or cBoI.ITe "HoBenLI", x:ga,qeur.r upe:530 r cnoMeuaea m.r3r,rAr4icrur, JrriKaoHcKrl
ethnos, xaxro H To3r.{ Ha na$.raronraiiqr.rre uxanagoxrlfiqure (Procopius Caesariensis, Debello Gothico 1II, 23,1 , Kou2.lparreoa 1 996,27 6). Hxxou or paHHr{re prrMcKr'r oparopucr,rqo or6e:rmear N{Horo npeAu roBal rre He
cbqecTByBa Ar.rxoToMr.rr MexAy MecrHaTa r.r
pr.rMcKara r.rAeHTHqHocr. Moxe ga rrMa Kr4-
:rrzxraiicrr'r erHoc rr B clrrloro BpeMe plrMcxr.r.
[yv,ara gens ce r{HTepnperr4pa r4MeHHo B
TO3r{ KOHTeKCT: CrrOpeA CT,BpeMeHHr4Te Ae-rllrnnqrlu roea e "eguuua rpyra", rpy6o or-roBap{ruo Ha aHTporronorrunara "rpyna nonpor.r3xoA!' (descent-group). Ocraea o6a.re
BbnpocsT Aanu geros e aAeKBaTHo Ha HapoA-
uocr. lpeanure ucropvqu B noBeqero cllyqaur4MaT npeABuA, qe poAeHr.rrT foT e r.rMeHHo
toTJ Ho cTlBpeMeHHrrTe u3cJIe,4oBaTeJrLl' oco-6eno llncrylrerlr:anllcrure npeArroqrrrar no-cy6erruneH nolxoA: rrpor.r3xoA6T He orrpeAe-
rt uaeIrTI.IqHocTTa, BT'IIpeKH qe HerrpeNreH]ro
ocraBs BJTHIHHe B6pxT nlrrHocrra. J.M. Hallor6effgea BaxHocrra Ha npor.r3xola npra
'B-rcHrBaHeTo Ha HapoaHocTTa, Ho flo.qqepTaBa,qe ToBa e rlo-cKopo cnoAeneHo o61qo Mr4Hano,
orKoJlKoro arq/a:rHo rronoxeHae. Tofi ulpea,ve arn rfparurenrr.rre Ha llpoxonr.rii, xouroKacarrT repMaHHTe, npocTo cTaBa BBnpoc 3a
o6ur4 KopeHr (Hall 1997, 25). Onpe,4ereH
TTHAHBUA MOxe ,{a e po,qeH roT, Ho .qa flpeKapa
470 Eoat fi-vtauoe
qeJII4t CI4 XT4BOT Ha pRMCKa Cnyx6a, XarO Ca-3r4opr.rA; Apyr Moxe aa e po,{eH rpaKueq, Ho
Aa npIIeMe foTcKa HapoAHocT KaTo pr.rMcKr.rjr
KoMaHAup Xepo4nau rro BpeMe Ha cJryx{6aTa
My B rorcKara BoiiHa (Amory 1998, 1,77-78).
flo ransn Haqur gens He onpereJrr rBbpAe.{cHo IIoII4TUqeCl{aTa 3aBI4CHMOC! a MOXe
6r u pa:rlruHa lrapoAHocr. Axo ce lr:lxoxraor ycroiivunara cpega o6aue gens u laapo4-HOCT Ca paBHOrrOCTaBeHr.r XOpaTa npHeMaT
r'rapoAHocrra, c Kotro ca lr3pacnaml. Ho npe:6 e. cHryauHrra e aocra patnBfixesa. uafi-N{aJIKOTO IIOpaAI-I roneMrrTe pa3MUHaBaHr.It B
HrKoI4 erHlrqecKl,t o6o3Ha.reHut.
PesoHHo rrpou3Tr.{qa nrrtpocrr ethnosvnv gens e oupeneneHr.rero "plru.nxuun"npe: 6 n.? I4caepuficxrur erHoc) cpeqyxoiiro pnlt,trHnre Bo.lrr rexKlt BoiiH npe3
490 r ce cq ra3apHMcKrr. l4caepuiiotu vac-ru o6a.ie ocraBar orAereHu or Apyrr.rre xM-rrepcKrr cLIJIU no BpeMe Ha yrrpaBnerrl4eTo Ha
IOcruulran u neporruo geticrBar orAeJrHo orocraHarrrre roenHrl $opnrupoeaHrll. flpo-ronraii cqlrra BoftHara or 490 r, Karo BoAerra
cpeqy erHoca Ha r.rcaBprrre. flo-rtcuo uc-aBpI{Te ABa n6TI4 npeAaBar Puu Ha rorure,HO TaKrrBa npeIaTeJIcKI.I aKrOBe Ca rro3HaTI4 r4
or npyru erru3oArr rlo BpeMe na noiinara (o6-parHu.sr npr.rMep - flpn npeAaBaHero Ha He-alron npe3 542 r. eaaHcreeHo caBpl cKH-
tT fapHLI3OH noxeJran Aa OCTaHe Ha pr4MCKa
clyx6a (Procopius Caesariensis, AnecdotaVI, 4, 9erarona 1998,276). Axo ucanpureca puMnsHu, Moxe JIH cBLrIoTo ,4a ce Kaxe x?a ap) ln HapoaH? trIurepeceu cnyqafr npen-craBqr xepy"[ure. Te ca :acenenrl e lIaHoHE{or AHacracEfi npe3 512 r., Ho no-KT,cHo canpeMecrenri B no-6orarrlre :eN4[ orono Cun-frrAyHyM or lOcrunuan. IIpH6r-rr.r3rrTeJTHo noToBa BpeMe re craBar r.r xpucrrzxnrz. Ilpoxo-nzii npegcranr eAr4H cpaBHr4TeJrrro nbJreH
pa3r(a3 3a xepynr.rTe, KaTo rBrro r4Ma oco6eHoOTHOII]CHI{C KT,M T-SX. H.{KOI,I OT T'X "CTAHAII4
puucxn eoilnuqu, c:ryxreiixu cpe,u 0e,qeparra-re, KaKro ru napzvar" (Procopius Caesarien-sis, De bello Gothico III,33,13, Kougparseea1996, 305). Ha gpyru Mecra, ca orrrcBaHr.r
Karo cr,ro3HLIuI4 "symmachoi", xoaro o6ux-HoBeHo cnyxar noxpaii pzlumrtrreJ craryrxofiro o6a.{e :tatarBa, qe caMvre re He ca cqu-ranr4 3a ptrMnrHr.r (Procopius Caesariensis,De bello Gothico III, 14, 34, Kougparrena1996, 158). Cnope4 onpege:resr.lem na Teallxepy:rure rpa6ea Aa ce cqurar puM strruu, n fi.
Karo ce 3acerBar r{a pr.IMcKa :elu. BrnpernBCUqKO XepynuTe He ce oTjrr{qaBal 3a AT,nfono ro3l-i HaqrrH Lr cleg 560 r. 3a r.{x He ce 3Hae
Hurqo IIoBeqe, HL{TO KaTo cr{Maxl.iJ HI4To KaTo
Oegeparr.r.llpes 6 n. pr{McKara riMnepcKa Bnacr,
Haii-Be.{e B nr4rlero ua uuneparop IOcur-HLIaX pa3fnexAa rre caMo fepMaHrrTe KaTo
puMnsHLI, HO r.r Jra3uTe H olIle no-oTAaner{eHr.r
KaBK:r3Krr HapoAu Karo a6a3ruTe rr cBaHI{Te(roi onpegela re3r.r HapoAri xaro "naruu",Ho B cr,rqoro BpeMe rll orncea a xaro "npux-re:rcrn" (filia), pai,v.ur,airKu raKa rpaHrrraralrexgy "pul.rlnufiH" ri "crrc:]Hfix (socius) uaPurrr") (Braund 1994,290-291; Goria 1984,297). B ppyru cnyvarl no6egenr.r HapoArr He-c:bMHeHo ca npvqucn.{BaHH KBM pr{MCKaTa
apMLIt Karo crparrrorr4 ruu rf e4eparu: raxaBaT{Aanr.rreJ r.r3rlparelru e KoHctaHruHororca pa3leneHrr Ha rler KaBallep]riicxu qacru ga
c:ryx6a na Z:ron (no-xr,cno rrerr.rpracrorlru
or rsx Ae3eprqpar o6paruo e ASpuxa) (Pro-copius Caesarinesis, De bello Vandallico II,XIV (17-19), qeKarosa 1998,228). lorure,Ko[ro npeMrrHaBar Kt'M Be:ru:apr.rii e tr4ra-,'l!.r { ca HaroBaHH or flpor<onuii Karo px\tcKr-.t
stratiotai (Procopius Caesariensis, De belloGothico I, 1 7, 17, Kon4parsena 1996,7 6).
!o ro,raua creneu o6rpxnaHe BHac-s He
caMo pa3JILIKaTa MeXAy CUMaXUTe Il peAOB-
Hure puMcKu r{acrr.r, Ho rr Me)r{Ay $egeparureu pHMcKr{Te crparaoru. ,{o6pe useecrHo eJ rre
rcpwuuxr Jbederatus fipun p qBa 3Harrrrrelr-HI4 rrpoMelrra npe3 BpeMero na llpoxonufi. OrKOHTeKCTa Ha HefoBrrt pa3Ka3 ToBa e onpeAe-JIeIIIte 3a qacTn peKpyTnpaHr.r, oTKbAero H Aae, ,qo(aro H{Kor4 pa3nrrKr.r uexgy $e4epara acrparnorr.t uoxe 6r ycrorBar. T'bti Kalo op-tiones Bce oqe ca cpeAcrBo 3a rrjraulaHe E Ha
IBere I(areropnr.r (Jones 1964, 664-665).
Hacoxu c paseunueno Hd PLLvcxano u fot cKana udeHmu\Hacm npa 6 a. 41t
Ea:rxancxure flpoBr.rurlrru 3aeMar II6p-BOCTeIIeHHO M-qCTO B IUCKyCUSTa OTHOCHO
KOr.i ca oeAepaTr.r, cTpaTr4oTr] u prrNrJrrHu.
C:reg pa:nagauero Ha xyrrcKar cT,ro3 rrpe3
cpeAara Ha 5 n. n paiiona npr.rcscrBar 3Harlu-
renHx BapBapcKH rpynH H oco6eHo rorHTenoA BoAaqecrBoro lra TeoAopr4x Aual uluTeogopux Crpa6on.
3iraqurelnnre npoMeHu n ernotf opuu-paIIeTo I{a foTIITe 3aIIOqBaT C TeXHI{Te OIII{TI4
ga o6oco6m A6p)r(aBa or -foederati B rpaHn-qlrre Ha Puucxara r.{Mnep}Is [pe3 BTopararrolroBuHa Ha 5 n., 6e: npn roBa ga ry6.rrq.{nocTHo Bcr.iqKr4 eJreMeHTH Ha TpaluurroH-Horo cr4 rroJrr.ITrrqecKo ycrpoficrno. tr4ucru-TyulzqTar Ko.sTo ocBuecTB.gBa To3u npexo,u,
cr,o6pa:uo r.r3r.rcxBaHurrra Ha eloxara e ror-crara KpancKa nnacr. !o6pe nsnecren $axre, r{e BSrIpeK[ BcI-{qKu llopaxeHr{,{ L{ KaTa-
crporla or Kpa;t Ha 4 n. u nrpeara [oJroBr{-na ua 5 n., npeAcraBurenrrre Ha ArHacrtrureAval u Banra ocraBar 14 Aoprr 3acr.rlrBar cBo-
.sra no3lrqur Karo "poA Ha SoroBe u fepou"(Wolfram 200I, 2l). Te cr,craesr KoAeKcr.r!
r. Hap. Breviorii, fiocrpoeHs, KaKro Bl,prypHMcKoro npaBo. TaKa lr er,pxy co6creeHureulr 6e:nucuenrl rpa,uuqr4r4, gerr.roncrplrpa -
Krr IIO TO3II HarII4H [pI{eMCTBeHCTTa C I]O-CTa-
pr4re rorcKr.r A6pxaBr{ (Goffart 1980, 305;Matthews 2000, 33). I4geua za Bp63xaraMexAy KpancTBTo }t HapoAa e rcHo u3pzr3eHaqpe3 AyMrire Ha BecrforcKu.f rpan Aray:r$,KoilTo "noBTaptJI qecro, rre HeroBara rrtpBaqer 6ura Por,ranus Ia craHe lorut" (lll'p-BoJlorlaJrrro a3 ucKax da usnuua puvcKomouue u da npe+bpHa 4tnama punlcka 3e.t4n B
fomcxct u-unepun; As xonueex Pouauun dacmaue fomu.n u AmaytQ da 6ude cuultuxamo Qesap.", (Paulus Orosius, Historiaadversus Paganos, 7 , 43, 4, Williams 2000,218; Matthews, 2000 31-32, n. 1). lorcxareKpane [ocTxfaT ycflexrr HMeHHo B cJ]yqarr-
Ter KOIaTO yCTaHOBSBaT 3HaI{HTeJIHI.I qaCT
oT cBor rrapoA B:bpry rrMnepcKa Tepr.rTopr.r-{.
Brsldoxuocrure 3a rrpo,4T,nx(aBaHe Ha erHo-feHe3r{ca ca onpe.qeneHl{ oT ycTaHoBsBaHeTo
Ha nar HHo-BapBapcxu Rcgnum. rofiro :a on-
peAeneH nepl{o,q ,qa IracneArr Qyuxqurlre naPuucxara lrnrneplu.
-flcno e ve, KoHrIenIII4sra 3a genos, le'3-
noruBaEa oT ApeBHIITe aBTOpr.I IIO OTHOTIIeHI'Ie
3a BapBapr{Te Moxe aa cjlyxu, KaKTo 3a orrpe-
AeJUrHe Ha O6OCO6esa rrjreMeHHa fpy a, TaKa
u:a Qegepauu.r or H{KonKo nreMeHa. @axter rre npe3 enoxara na Bemxoro npeceneHl{e
Ha Hapo.4nTe gen,s e HeAoBT,pueHa B noJIlITI4-I{CCKO I4 TCPI,ITOPHAJIHO OTHOIIICHI]E EAIiHIiIIA.
Toea n no-ror.{r\da crerreH e orBopeH npoqecHA ETI{I4TIECKA fiAEHTHTIHOCT' A HE NPOCTO I'C-
ropr4rrecKo cr6urae. Gens e nepuog na (rop-
MrrpaHe e B ABE)Kenrre "in peregrinatione", ucTaBa populus qpe3 KpancrBoro LI 3arra3BaHe
HaBtpaTa. forcKara r'{ cropr.rJr e npullep nao6e-
Ir4HeHr.reTo Me44y TpaAriquoHHo TIJIeMeHHo
o6rqecrBo r.r cr4nHa AbplxaBa. Tartn irto4e:r nacr4nHa AtpxaBa e Ktcuara Praucxa ulrnepul.Tepuropra,lHarr eneveat patria e ocHoBrHg
rfarrop n uer' u populus ce nerur[M[pa rlpe3
nero. @opuy:rara Pdtria vel gens Gothorumnpe,4cTaBt npexoAa, rrarrpaBeH or forure,c roitro re rrpuKJrloqBar ceo.rra "cxfi.tcxa"uaeHTLIrIHo cr. Onpege:renuero "cxgtcru" treo3HaqaBa erHaqecKa 6:rusocr cBc crrzTure, arre AaAeHa eTHurrecKa fpyna Bce orle HsMa
cra6r4nHa Br,rperxHa crpynrypa. I4:rn xaxroCuuesufi o:r Kupeua Ka3Ba Ha r4Mneparop Ap-rapnit: "...unua HoBu sdpsapu. Te npocmo
npuet4am Ho6u r,rJteHa u cMeHnm abHwHut cueui), sa da u3Ntuultm prLMnnuume ... o6aqe om
duume ua Xepodom, cKumume cu ocmalamclrulume ... " Cro ro4unu cneA CLIHe3LIii, rpa-
AIrqlroHHoTo r{Me Ha cKTITETe e 3aMeHeHo oT
TOBa Ha TOTUTe: B OqIrTe I{a pr{MJU{Hr4Te nO-
JII.{eTHI{r{HLITe C6IO3r4 OT KOHHI,{ BOH}r]{, I.IABa-
NIII OT CTEIIHTE CA OTGXAECTB-SBAHI,I C TOTI{TE
(Wolfram 2001,24-25).Tpaguqrzonuo npe,{craB.{Hara rroJILIer-
HT4qHOCT Ha HapoArrre no fiepEseprrrTa Ha
pr{McKH.t cBtT, c6BceM He o3HaqaBa, qe Te3I{
fpynu H.sMar B:BTpeuHa crpy(rypa 14 Aopr{u Haii-cJra6a u4efr 3a npunaglexuocr. Ap-xeorofuqecKI,ITe [aMeTHIrIII4 AeMoHcTplrpareAr.rHcTBo B TeprrTopr{anHo, xpoHojrorfiqHo,
Qoprraaluo, TexHoJrorr.rqno H crr{Jrucrl4rluo
EoaH IIJ' au olr
oTHo reHae. Hecurypnocrra B onpeAenqHe-TO Ha apTe(baKrrrTe e orpaxeHr.re Ha u.{rocr-Hut "HapacrBaq I]eCI,IMIi3T]M", orHocHo BB3-
MO)i{HOCTUTe Ha I4CTOpHT{eCKaTa eT}IOIpa(brrsu apxeolotr4rtecKr4Te lpoyqBaHu.fl .
lnauara Teo4opl.rxonqn noJryqaBar rur-na magister militum praesentalis Tto pa3ruqHoBpeMe. Te IrMaTBpa3KH C XOpa, CTOqIUU BT4COKO
B cJryxe6HaTa fiepapxux B KoHcTaH.n{Horor-r.
llogpr,xuzqu Ha TeoAopr4x Crpa6oH, xouroca B KopecrroqqeHr_lus c Hefo ca apecTyBaHltnpes 477 r., goxaro 6lu:xulr Ha Teoaopr4xAwal, E4ouur e comes domesticorum npes70-re na 5 n. (Scwarcz 1992,70).llo uararrr,Teo;lopux Aua,r, xofiro e r.i3pacrran B croJrrr-rlaTa, npe3 479 r. npeglara Ia ejrr.rMuHupaocraHaJII{Te rorn n Tparua B 3aMrHa Ha 3eMI4
r{ cJryx6ara Ha magister militum praesenta-/ls, e rolr{ cnyuaii roii aopn 6r pe3r.{nHpan B
HMnepcr(ara cronuua u 6H cranalr BTopfi Ba-AoMaprryc ull.r Aclap, Hilrr6JtHo r{HretpfipaHn fiepapxNlra Ha r4Mfiepr{rra (Heather 1991,292; Sclrrvarcz 1992,16). Bropo, uecrure cr-ro3rz B pafioHa c6nrcrsar roru cpenly prrMnr-Hr4 r{ rorr.r cperqy xlnn. BpelreuHure cr,ro:uca Eetrlo HopManHo z o6llxHoeeHo e 6nrKrireHa ABeTe CTpaHr.I yqacTBaT foTn rt ryrrr.r! KaTo
errrara crpaua e "pnucrara". flprlcr nuure :larroxoA, BoIeH or pIIMcKr{Te reHepaltrr Arraracr,Ea:n:rrcx u Ocrpuc cpeuy rorr4Te rtpez 467 r.,npr{ KoeTo pnMcKH ROMaHABaII, IIO [potr3xoAor xyHr{Te, ycnln Aa o6lpne rorure s co6cr-BeHara aM apMlrr cpenry rynure (Maenhchen-Helfen 1973, 167-168). flporonuii or6ernBa,qe rorrlTe cJq/)(ar Karo tfe4eparn npv pLrMJxi-
nure "no:4ruanaiiKg 3annalllaHe or HMleparo-pa, Karo Ha ocraaalnte nofiunqu, Ho BlnperlrToBa re npeKapBai14 floBeqc epevc- notoeafirlcpeqy pr.rMnsHr.rre" (Procopius Caesariensis,De bello Gothico IV, 5, l3 - 14, KoHgparreea1996, 3 18). !o6rp npaMep 3a He.sceH craryc e
Auaracr, magister militum per Thracias, xofr-ro npe: 469 - 470 r nr,cranal fiporaB r4Mr]e-
parop Jleon, 3apaAl4 loqecrlireJ oKa3aHr4 HaHqKoii cn fropaonec. fipeerelraiiroi H,lKoJlKo
Kpenocrlr, roii cxopo o6a.le ce BbpHan KT,M
npeAurrrHoro crr nonoxeHr.re (Fleather 1991,
260-261). He ua nocleguo rucro ne rpl6naAa ce noArlerulBa a 6poxr Ha nace:leuuerona Ea:rxarmre r{ HefoBara rrtsrpa erHrrqecKanplrHaAnexHocr. lorr.rre ra xynure ca 4o6perr3BecrHr.r! Ho Mexly r.rx rrua 6r:rrapu, renl.i-Ar{, cKrrprr, anaHu, pyru n gp (Velkov 1977 ,44-52). Te ruorar 4a ce aelUrr rroMexlry cu Jnr Iace o6egraulnar, xar{To rTHrrre H Apynr HapoArrarakyBar nauoHcxure rorr4 npez 467 r.
3aeuaiixtl KoMaHAHr.t ttocroBe B przMcKa-Ta apMr4s, ce no4pa:6upa, rre rorr4Te cJryxarB plrMcKtr vacrlr. llpaxruvecroro ytrp nHs-Ba-[Ie Ha ToBa KOMaHABaHe, TeopeTHrIHoToB6pXOBeHCTBO HaA prrMcKxTe noApa3Aene-Hlr{, H KaKTo e B cnyqar na Teogoprx Crpa-6ou - r<ovangeane ua scholae palo tinoe, uMao6:spxearq e(frerr erpxy paMcKara tsoeHHa
HoMeuKnarypa. llocrrr magister militum seo3HaqaBa HenpeMeHHO KOMaHABaHe Ha pI4Nr_
crrl eoicKa. Toi e no:ryvanaH H or Apyrt4BapBapcKH ROAar{Ir, KaTO Te fo r43r4cKBaT C Or_rreA Ha rlpel(r4McrBarar Kor.tro rori gaea e r.rxo-HOI,{firIeCXaTa tl aIMI{IIHCTpaTIIB}Ia CprcTeMa
Ha uMrrepr4rra. B ro:u c*rucu gealrara Te-oAopuxoBrlu ca B pajnuqH no:r.rqrau. Crlur,rua Tzyguul.rp r.rMa nlraHoBe 3a Kpanc(o BoAa-rrecTBo HaA foT]]Te, KaTO OnOpHaTa My crrnaca HefoBrrre xopa u prrMcxl_ire qacrn or I4nr.r_pul, xouto rofi xoNraHABa cperqy ocraHaJrlrrerour n Tparux (Wolfram 2001,276-277). OrcBot crpana BoeHHLITe qacrl{ e Tpaxtu cr,rqoIIMaT B CbCTaBa cu l,rHofo roTrr Ii lpyfu eTHo_cr. Br:uoxno e pa3nrrqHxre magistri militiu duces ga [on6rBar cr,c:navure:ren 6poiiBapBapcKr{ enerdeHru ApyxaH}rre cu trpe: 60_re u 70-re rognrrtl Ha 5 e., T.bii Kato ?aKutr or472 r onpege:rx cnequsaven uulepcKlr HaA-3Op B6pXy yBel[rraBaHeTo Ha cr{JtI{Te Ha orr_pegeneHn cteArrHeur4r (Heather 1991, 274).FIe e u:negearqo cJreAoBarerHo, qe rrpe3 To3r4
fiep]roA onpelleneHueTo Ha oTIeJrHr.r BoeHHr4noApa3.{eneHr.rr xaro t$egeparn r.rlrr{ crparrl-oTr4 e HecrrrypHo.
Clc4 lr:remxnero na Teogopux Ava:rrc,u tr4ralr.rn, curyaqusra He ce rrpoMeH.srr3BeAH:bx. Clopagz.rnure cpaxenuq npo-ABnXaBaTJ KaTO pr.rMcKu oTp.sAr4 rIecTo ca IIo_
Hacoxu e pazetLnuento rut Jtttucxttnu u fotncxann udeutnutttocn npes 6 a.
6exganauu or 6lnrapr.rre. llpes 514 r. e,qliH
pr.rMcKr4 KoMaHAup BBcTaBa cperqy xuIIaTHfimagisler militum per Thracias, 3apaAu He-
nJrarqaHeTo Ha Qnnona .foederalicia. tr4Mero
My e Br{Tanr{aH r4 cnopeA froau Anrzoxrafi-cKrr e poAeH B AonHa Mr.r3r.rs (Greatrex 1996,125-126). Oveua4no raM ocraBar BoiicKr{,I{OI,ITO Cr{HTaT, qe HaCJIeAtBaT npI,IBUr-Ief I{HTe
Ii rrapnr{Hure rpr46yru Ha ABaMara Teogopu-xoBrlr.{, Kor4To Agacracnfi He II3nIa Ia noBe-rre. IIoAXoAT,T Ha BHTanrraH cne,uBa MoAena,
HaJIoXeH oT roTI-ITe IIpe3 70 LI 80-re roguurnHa 5 B. Toii araKyBa H.{KorI{o n:brH 6e3 yc-nex KonctauTr.IHonojr, Ho I.rMa x ceprur yc-rrelrHr.r KaMr]aHnn cperuy r4MnepaTopcKliTe
Boi,icK . iJoAo6Ho Ha rorcKr4r e ,rulepn rofipa3noJlafa c xopa B KoHcTaHT Honon, KouTo
ca Ha HeloBa cTpaHa rr oTKa3BaT Aa noeMaT
KoMaHABaHero Ha apMrrri. ,{yxcr,r ua ,{o:ruaMusua csrqo MrrHaBa Ha HeroBa crpaHa. Me-TOA6T Nfy Ha BOTOBaHeJ BXJTK)qBa U ynoTpe-6ara na Kapyqlr, Karo clrcreMa 3a 3aqura,KOeTO Cr,rqo TaKa npeAcTaB.s 3aeMKfi oT foT-cKoro BoeHHo gero (Procopius Caesarinesis,De bello Vandallico II, XVII (4), r{exaroea
19q8.2351. Cnope.a [4oau AHrHoxriicrw H
Kouec Mapqe:run, Bzra:rlran cr,6par urecr-AeceT-oceMAeceT xr{ntllll qoBeKa, cpea KoH-
TO I{Ma XOpa OT IIIIBL{JIHOTO MeCTHO HaCeJIe-
H e (agrikoi), peAoBHrl pr.rnrcru vacra (ro-manoi) u 6es crN{rreHue $egeparu. Ma.nryccro6rqaea, qe BurarraH HMa crJc ce6e cu nMHoro xlHr4 n 6:slraprl. Toii n:ucnna 4:nx-Hocrra Ha magister militum per Thracias orr4Mneparopa. floAo6no ua Teogopnx Arral,Toii flony.raBa rroqecrr{ B Kpas Ha cBosra Ka-
pNepa (c B:r,3KaqBar.rero rra lOcrr.rn I) u no:ry-qaBa KoHcyncrBo npe: 520 r 3a cpaenenreTeogopux e KoHcyn npe: 484 r. 14 noceuaBaKonctanrlrHonoJr j KT,aero y6una PexNrax,cr{H6r Ha Teogopux Crpa6on. Y6uficreoroHa BHTanHaH, 3a roero naii-nepoxrHo e orro-eopen lOcruHraan Moxe ca ce pa3rne)xla nocBrllu.r HarruH - BaxeH 6anxancru nuAep ceBL3IIOJI3Ba OT B63MO)KHOCTTa Aa eJIr4MHHIIpa
onaceH Bpar (Heather 1991" 297; Schwarcz1992,8l1, Amory 1997, 285; Wolfram 2001,
277).8 rozu ctrucr'n or nT,pBocreIIeHHo 3Ha-qeHlre 3a I,I3.{CH.{BaI-IeTO Ha pa3HO[OCOqHU.q
cMr4cBJr Ha prrMcKaTa r4aeHTr{r{HocT e Aa ce
r43rcHr4, KaKBO npaeu BnraruaH "6yHToB-
HuIt", a He "eoeHaqarHur" uJrH forcKlr .ltrl-
4ep. Or HeroBoro rrMe Ir or ltuero na 6arqa
My Patricioulus! Moxe Aa ce [peAnoJloxs4,rre e puMn_sHr4H oT HeBapBapc(o noTeKjro, Ho
lI?BOpUTe Ca eA HHl.r. OnHCBa KLI rO C tol-cKIt HJIIi CKTZTCKTT npOll3XOA, a ABe OT HefO-
Brrre ,Ueqa, Coutzes u Bouzes uttar rpaxuii-cKr.r uMeHa (Amory 1997, 98,128-129,285).EauucrueHr.Iqr noKa3arer rro Korlro Bura:ru-aH e pa3nuqltM oT aBaMara forcKlr BoAaqr.{ e,.re rofi e rBrpJI oAp:bxHux Ha HuKeiicKu.scI4MBOJT lr B CBOHTe AOTOBOpeHOOTI{ C aHTI,I-
xajrKenoHcKu HacTpoeHr.r.{ AHacTacr.rfi Hacro-qBa, uMneparopT,T Aa [oa]IoBI4 IIperoBopIiTec flancrcoro 3a [peKpar.sBaHe na AxaKuesa-ra cxrr3Ma (Greatrex 1996, 132-133).
C:r,npenrenuuqure He ca crrrypHfi 3a cra-TyTa Ha BLITanIiaH I{ HefOBIITe TIOCJIe.4OBaTe-
tu. hoaa As rnoxuficxr. xoilro e Hail-npe-IrE3HHt u3TorrHr'rx cr,o6rqana, .re BurarfiaH e
Tr,ipaHHH, a HeroBure xopa - barbaroi. Bwx-rop or Tououa cr,rrlo raKa onpeAenr apMLIs-
Ta My Karo BapBapcKar Ho r{oMec Mapqe.iruH,
KofiTo upor.r3xoxga or Ealxanure g sceH, rre
rr e pr4McKa (Amory 1997, 129). TasN uerc-HOTA OKOIIO I]OJIOXCHIIETO HA BI,ITANI,IAH HE
e Herrr[HqHa 3a BpeMero Ha 6 r. OcseH Ha
Ea:rxaurare lapanenu Morar aa ce orxparr B
A$pur<a u tr4ralur. B pauHfil cr4 era[, 3aBJra-
AsBaHero Ha Ceeepna ASprma, Koero e op-raHr{3r{paHo na6r,p:o ce crrlBa B TpyAHocra.CepHr or lavnocrr Karo Croruac. I,ioaH 1r'onp.xxop Crur, [o3Har rr xaro Crorqac M,ra4-urn) u fyntapr.rc - r43 rexaa, qe HacoqBar
KOHTpOIa BT,pXJ npOBr.iHrlrrr.rTe B CBOrr nOJr3a.
BcH.rxH re capaMcxrr KoMaHArTpr4! Ho cu.rrr.rre
ua Ctorqac ca ouucaHrr or flpoKonlrfi Karo"eparoee u napnapl4", a caMxtr Crorrlac Karo
"rupanan". lynraprc cr,rqo e onpeAeneH
Karo "rr'rpaHriH" (Procopius Caesarinesis, Debello Vandallico II, XV (20); I1, XXV (1), rle-
xanoBa 1998,231,249). Cauo varxo no-xgc-Ho HoBlrrr mrtgisler mililtm fepv^auyc, goc-
474 Eoxtr !,vtrattoa
TliraiiKx Kapraren pa36rrpa, KoJrKo orracHa e
pr4McKaTa [o3xrlu.s: ABe TpeTrr oT pIIMcKaTaapMrrfi ce npHcBeIr.{HrBaT KBM cToTrlas, aTesH KOr.rTO OCtaBaT J.lunjtH'l ce cS,lbcKBaTc onacHocTTa Aa BoroBaT c Bi{epamHr.rTe cu,{pyrapfi (Procopius Caesarinesis, De belloVandallico II, XVI (1 7), rlexarona 1998,233-234). tr4nrepecua n ro3u cMr.rcr,ir e rro3r{-
ulir'r r Ha cnoveHarH re or Ilpor<onri e ap-N{ u.sra Ha CrorUac stasiotai, I{oHTo ocraBarJrorJrHH Ha pr.{McKaTa Kay3a u .{BHo rrpeArro-rrr.rTar onpeaeneHHeTo "puMnsHr" orrolxoro"BapBapr4r'.,{e:epropcrnara nponbnxaBaru e lorcxara BoiiHa, Karo He caMo forcKr{Terlegeparu ca c u3MeHqnBa :roqmrocr, KoraroBe:Ir,r:apuri ce 3aBpB[Ia n Koncranlnroto:r,orxa3BaiiKu rorcKara rroKaHa Ia cralle HMrre-
paTop, He caMo toTr4, Ho fi pr.rMrqHH ce [pex-BT,pnrr K6r{ cHJrEre rra ZnAe6a:ra (ProcopiusCaesariensis, De bello Gothico III, 1, 25,Kougparr,eea 1996, 2\3).
3a crepeuennure Lr3cneaoBarelrr.r r.rMa
.scHa pa3nHKa MexAy KpaneTe Ha ocTfoTr-{Te
Teogopnx ri Torlrna or eaHa crpaHa H Ha[pH-lrep fyurapuc or Apyra. Ho c or:reg rexnrlreIIeJILI - Ona3BaHe Ha KpaICTBOTO, UMa MaiI-KO pa3nr4rruq u rro-KBcHr{re u3TorrHr.ruH AopI.{pa3rllexlar fyHrapuc Karo BaHAaJrcKu Kpa-[.flo-r'o:t.f,N{ara .racr or orll4caHll.sra rra llpoxo-nzri ese "BoiHara c tan4alrme" (acturr KoH-
$rrxrure MexAy JrornHrr n 6ynronuv noii-cxr.i- Or DIeAHa rorrKa na Kouctantllnononrro BpeMe Ha ynpaBnenuero Ha IOcnrullau,I4tatus u A$przxa ca qacrr4 or r{rdrreplr.,rra,
KOI4TO BpeMeHrrO [peM\4HaBaT B pT,rIeTe Ha
HeJrerrrrHN{HH BJraAerejrr4 (y3ypnaToplr unurapanu). Tona ca ela4erela, na6el.x:ann orr.rMnepcxaTa BnacT, a He HapollrTe, KoI4To Te
ynpaB;U{Bar (:a pasntrltero Ha ra3r{ HAeoJro-
rrrr cpB. Amory 1997, 138-145). B AQpaxaBe;rl:apufi BrpBa, qe BaHAaJrare rle oxaxarHrKaKBa noMorrl cpeqy "rupaHuna" lelu-uep (Procopius Caesarinesis, De bello Van-dallico I, XVI (14); XIX (5),Hexa:roea 1998,182, 186). B cryvax ua tr4tatux,IOcrunuaHHaMHpa H.{KOU noAApb)nHlrrllr CpeA forcKrrTenr4Aepr-i, Kor{To ca foToBH Aa rrpeAaAar Kpan-
crBoro Ha uMnepuara cperqy go6pu rro3uur4rr
B Hero tro-Kbcrro (Procopius Caesariensis, Debello Gothico I, 8,2, Korrgparr eea 1996, 42).
3ax;rroqeszero or nperneAa :a 6ynroe-Hr.rre KoMaHnliplr u rpa:re ua BalxaHrire, AO-puxa u L4ralun e, qe qsnocrHara cr4Tyarlute c6npoBoleHa oT foJItMa [pOH3BoJ]HOCT riJrr4rrca Ha rcnora. 9oeex, pogeu Ha Balrana-re rpe: 5 e., roiro rroHe orqacrlr e u3rpaArrnBoeHHara cH Kaplepa Ha puMcKa c,lyx6a-Mo)(e Aa 6r,ge ocllorcxn KpaJr, KoHcyn, /??a-
gister militum, r-iMrreparop unr.r 6ynroennux.t4H uc r eeHo c reqeHtic to ta obctogte,tctgatafi oco6erro JnlqHara lry cr,g6a onpexensr Ka-
K6B errxer tue 6rge 4o6anen Kr,M r{Mero My.
Taxr,n e cly-ranr c BoriHr.tquTe or pa3nnrrHr4T
e'rtrocx: u:6upaiKr{ Aa cny)(ar B pr.rMcKara
apMr.rq re Morar Ia 6r,gar crparuorra rlu $e-geparu. Ho atto croqr cpefiry He.s, He3aBllcr{-MO AaJII{ Beqe IIMaT qr4Hr Te BeaHara cTaBaT
BapBapn.
-[cuo e, qe pe3 6 n. :ro.rrHocrra x.r,N{
HMneparopa e raru- Koero onpere,'rr. xofr e
puN{n.{Hr.rH u r<oii - ue. B ceox peu, orHacsulace go pa:6ynryeaJrrrre ce lpe: 589 r. pr4McKu
vacrn, Enarpr.rii r43TBKBa u cpanu.ana "pllu-cxoro" c BepHocrra KBM HMneparopa (Kelly2001, 186). TpagNquonuure pa3rr4qr4.rr Mex-Ay BapBapr.i r4 puNrnrHr4 npoAT,nxaBaT Aa celoAr{epTaBaT, Ho Te HqMaT CTapI.IS CMUCSI
no orlroueHHe Ha clBpeMeHHHTe o6croq-re;rcrBa. !o6r,p npuuep e [peAcraBeH orpeqra Ha Hap:ec npegn 6urrara lpu BustaGallorum nper 55 3 r.. Klae to roii rerpArl.ve "te:ll, KoIITo He ca opfaHr43lrpaulT crro-pea 3aKoH a go6po ylpaBneHne ca Jrr{ reHI{or Bcl4rrl<t,t qeunocl.t" LI cneAoBareJlHo rIIe6r,gar no6egenrz (Procopius Caesariensis, Debello Gothico IV 30,6, Kongparrena 1996,323. tr4geurr.ivno e Il Lr3Ka3BaHero na Be.ntrga-pufi npu Mara6peca (Procopius Caesarinesis,De bello Vandallico II, XV (15 - 29); XiX(5), rlexarona 1998, 182). Kaxooro u ga e
na:an Hap:ec Ha xopara cu ecrrqnocl llpo-ronuii vy flp[nricBa arpa6yrzre Ha rra3rrreJlFra prrMcKare rleHHocrr{. llpe: 5 e. flplrcx3aqI-ITaBa C6C Cbrqrrr arIeJI pr{N{cKaTa aT,p-
Hacoxu s pazeunuetno la Pu,McKama u fotncxana udeumuvxocn npes 6 e. 4'7 5
xaBa rrpeA pr{MJrrHr.rH, KofiTo ce H3ar{fHaJr
cpeA \THcKara BoeHHa aprrcroKpaqE.{ (Maasi995, 152-153). B crnloro BpeMe apMrrrraHa Hap3ec, Ko.{To rofi ce onr{TBa Aa BA6xr{o-Br.r c6c cBofiTa peq e o peAeneHa oT foTcKrltKoMaHAHp Vsgpulac Karo "pa3rropoAHa op,qa
oT BapBapr4", TBEp,{eHr.Ier IIOAKpeneHO OT
llpononaii (Procopius Caesariensis, De belloGothico IV, 28, 2, KongparreBa i 996, 3 12).
Pa:rreprr u e(bexTrlBnocrra Ha puMcKa-
Ta apMu{ Ao fonsMa cTerreH e orrpeAeneHa
or peAoBHoro nocrlflBaHe na eoiiHu[txute3arrJraTr.l. Ilpexrceauero Ha rrrarqaHeTo Ha
3arIJIarI,ITe 6a HaN,{a:.rzro apMHr{Te Ao ocHoB-
HnTe HM qacTI{J [oKpr.rBaqH eABa HtKoJIKo
Kpenocrr{. Or 4pyra crpaHa rr Ao6poro sa-
lJlalqaHe 14 aBTopr'rTeTHH BoeHarranHuqz KaTo
Hap:ec u feprranyc, Moxe Aa fipe.qr.r3Br.rKa
flo-r o,re\4 H peKpyr H. KaKTo r.r na ar,pne 6a-BlrIr.I Ae3epTbopr4 OTHOBO Ha pr4MCKa CTpaHa.
Jlo.{rnoctra K6M orAenHrr nraqnocru o6age
He e xapaKTepHa oco6egocr Ha apMr{r.rre ornr,crluq 5 - 6 e. E,4r.iH or naii-toreMure eo-eHaqarrnr'rqfi , Benu:apufi nprr 3aBpbrlaHerocu e l4raJtus npe: 544 r ce oKa3Ba 6e:cu'lresAa HaKapa pnMn.{HuH uJru foT Aa ce BBpHe
IIOA pI,IMCKI4Te 3HaMeHa! a IIO-K5CHO IIO Bpe-
nte Ha eoiiHara eAr-rH or HeroBlrre co6crBeHI.I
6yrelaprau, rurofi cr I{uqyntf u:r}i lyn,{yrS,cTaBa e.4rIH oT BOAetqLITe TOTCKI{ feHepanrr(Procopius Caesariensis, De bello GothicoIiI. I I. 10. Kouaparsesa la9(. 246.1.
tr4sern nr:uarpaxAeHr.rero Apyr olpeAe-n.f I SaKTop B norJrHocrra e ro3l4 Ira MecrHIr-Te BpB3(x. Easa or rrpur{Huure 3a Hefiocro-.rHcrBoro cpeA pr.rMc(r.rre Boficxr4 B A$puraca 6panoeere c BaHAaJrcKr'r xeHI-I, Karo re rrc-Kar Ia ocraHar raM Ii Aa Bra.qe.{T 6uenmreuMeHu.s Ha BaHAa:rrare (Procopius Caesarine-sis, De bello Vandallico II, XIV (8 - 11), 9e-ra:rona 1998, 227).llo c'tt:lux Earrr4H eAr.rH orSarroplne 3a HexeJIaHIIero Ha rorr.rre Aa ce
npucBeAr{HtT KT,M pHMCKaTa apMU.S e .SBHOTO
r.rM Hexe;raHrie Aa xr{Berr u3BbH l4ra:lus,.Kaprruara, cnopeA Korro pr{MnrHr.rre
B63npI4eMaT HepUMn.SHr4Te, CT,rqO e [pOTr4-
Bopeq Ba. TpaAnquonrioro EeAoBepr{e K6M
BapBap Te Bce orqe e rcHo BLIATTMo B KJTaCE-
qecKr.rre rr3TorrHr{qu raro flpoxorufi u Ara-TI.ri, Ho orHoureHr4ero KT,M n.srol4 oco6eHu
HapoAri e lo.qqepTar{o fsBKaBo. flporonufiHanpr{Mep, B:6npeKli HefaTI4BH3Ma CLI KT,M
$panrure, ro-KGcHo reMoHcrpr.Ipa no- pll-Mr.rpATeJIHO OTHOrrreHr{e. ornouleHueto rr,unepcHre csrqo Baprrpa r AoKaro Ilpononurie IIoJroxHTeneH B onpeAeJIeHI.ItTa cu 3a rtxKaro rlrno, Araruii, BT'npeKIl orAerreHoro
BHr{MaHrre Ha Cacanugcr<ara ,{HHacrIt.{ e
no-cKopo Bp&(4e6eH. llo-xlcso Eearpuii uITIoas or Eru$anur ca cKJroHHr4 Aa noaxpe-rr.{T rorurnKa Ha cB}o3 c llepcun, goxaro Te-
oSulaxr Cairaorara, flllrueq npI,I ynpaBneHI{-
ero ua tr4par,ru ecunrroaHrfinepcttiicrr ua-
crpoen (Cameron 1968, 95 - 96, 137 - 138,168 169; Lee 1993, 102 - 103).
Ovepraea ce rrAerra, qe Hr4Boro I{a
npaxge6Hocr cpe.q u3Bopr4re or 6 B. cflplMoorrpeAenelra "eapeapu" ue e eucoxo. TaKo-
Ba oTHorrreHrre He e /lolloBllMo I{ cpeA enuTa
(riat<ofi or qnrro npeAcraBr{TeJru ca cl4JIHo
ar.rrurepMaHcKu HacTpoeHr.r npe: 4 e.) n:rzocHoBHoTo HaceJIeHHe. Iheuennur<:sr uaIOcrlrnuan, fepuanyc ne ce xole6ae ga ce
oxeHr.r 3a rorcKara apucroKpar4a Maracyn-ra (BHyrrKa Ha TeoAopxx) c qen Aa clreqej .I
npe: 550 r. rortre Ha cBoq crpana (Procopius
Caesariensis, De bello Gothico III, 39,14,KoHgparnena I996, 324). llpoxonufi orucearr rroJroxI4TeJIHaTa peaKqr{r Ha Hacejrel leTo
e KoHcraHonor cnp-{Mo apMeHcKuq reHepan
Apra6an (Procopius Caesariensis, De belloGothico III, 3 1,8-9, Kou,qpatheBa 1996, 297).
,{oraro npes 5 n. cnp.ruo ucaBpr.rre ca AoKy-MeHTHpaHrr rnr,pge npaxge6urr HacrpoeHr;rt,
TO TaKr{Ba He Ca 3aCBLIAereJrCTBaHr.{ 3a BpeMe-
To Ha 6 B. H-qrou xr4reru na Koncrasrr.Ino-non .qoprr nssnpuerr,rar o6uqa;r ,ua ce o6rlrqarB "xyHcKa l,Io,{a", nxmovearqa u noceHero Ha
rIaHTaroHII. flO OrnOrUenue Ha Ta3a npaKTrr-
Ka HMa pec rpr-t( l H BH H MepKtr cr,uo nper 5 a.
(Elton 1996, 144; Procopius Caesarinesis,Anaecdota, VII (9), 9era:rona 1998,278).
B ua,{a,Toro Ha rreroro cronerue liloaH
Cru.:rur or6er.ssea npaxge6nocrra Ha rp&{r-
476 Eonu,nyttatoa
aaHHre Ha Egeca cnp.uuo pa3KBaprrrpyBa-
HI.ITe Irpt{ TtrX |OTU! HO Xan6HTe Ce OTHaCST
cperqy pHMcKr{re BoiiHlrrlr4 ri3o6uo. I4Hre-pecHo e '{a ce oT6enexu Bce rraKr rre HqMa
ocHoBaHHs Aa ce cMtTa, qe "ror" e ctnpuiicxucrrHoHLIM 3a pI4MCKH BOiIHAK. ctl':Utt ClgCeU,'IcHo pa3nur{aBa pLIM.firHI{ oT foTI{, KaKTo fonpaBLI u 3axapliii or MarH.lena (Jones 1964,1263; Amory 1991 ,25).
Hafi-ealKrru-sr $arrop, rofiro onpeAen.s
oTHorreHrrelo Ha puMnrrrrrTe r{6M BapBap-
cKrrre HapoAH npe3 6 B. e llpaBocnaBHoroxprrcrr{rHcrBo. Br,:qaprnauero Ha IOcrr.rH I6ere;nu rla.raroro B TeHAeHIII4T{re xsnr 6eg-KOMIpOMI,ICHOCT rro OTHOIJIeHUe Ha npOTI,i-
BHrrrlr'rre Ha FlnKeficr<as cunreor. B HaqaJro-
ro Ha yrrpaBneHrleTo My e r.r3AaneH 3aKoH,
3al6nxaBatq eofinr4rlare Aa cna3Bar nor-Tpr{H[Te Ha XanKeAoHcKHx cl6op, or roiroo6ave rfegcparure! BeporrHo ca oceo6oaenu(Lounghis 1989, 148). Apraancnrare rlbpnBu,Korrro rrplr Bt3KarrBaHero Ha K)cruH ca Bce
oue 6oraru, ca 3arBopeHr.r, t4MyrqecrBoro uM
- Lr33ero) a lOcruultau oKoHqareJrHo ycra-HoB.rIBa KoHTpon BT,pry rsx (nr:crauonxea-Hero Ha rltpxBrire e fi3r4cKaHo or.Teogopraxqpc3 nocnaHH[rrecrBo Ha nana I4oaH ] AoKoscranrunono:r npe: 525 - 6 r.) (Wolfram2001, 331). Tara o6rquocrra Ha apr4aHrrre,
u3BecTHa I(ATO ex}kionion, npexue-ara 5 e.,npes 6 n. e cI{JrHo HaMareHa, axo He - yHH-
rlloxeHa. Bce narc npuuttuara 3a roBa ce KpaeoTr{acTIl B rII{CTIIq npafMaTU3SM Ha HrI(Otr OT
riMleparoprrre u npax4e6nocrra Ha rracr orHacereHlrero. lpaN4arure na KoHcrarrrlrHo-non ca oco6eno peBHI-{Br4 rlo o't'HoIrreHI,Ie Ha
flpanocranrzero u npe: 6 n. luno ry6xr ro-JrepaHTHocTTa crr nT,M aprraHr.lTe .B cToiIHrIa-ra. I4uneparopzre or cBo.{ crpaHa ca roroBuIa TGpIIqT aprraHlr, Ko[To cjryxilf B apMr.rqTa,
rufi xaro B excneAr{rlr.IoHHnre Koprrycn, rrMa
xrrjrrAu oT Trx, npE ToBa r{a BacoKr{ qrrHo-
Be. PeaJIHErr KoHOnuKr r436yxBa ManKo cneA
3aBraA.sBaHero Ha BaHAarncr(oro Kparcrno. .{orogu l,Ioiuenr IOcrrIHnaH rro3BoJrtBa I{a forrr-Te Aa cny)(ar Karo rpe,qeparu 6e: aa ca o6er<r
Ha pecTpr{Krlr{Ir u HaKa3aHfi{J (or4To ce [p]r-
Jrarar cfip.{Mo ApyfI4Te eperr{rru. Ho e orro-BOp I{a HaTHCKa OT CTpaHa Ha TIpaBOCIIaBIII{Te
n A$pnxa, rpe3 aBrycr 535 r rofi eSerrun-Ho ;1eicrea cperr1y apriaHcKoro Bepoa3rroBe-
AauIre (Kaegi 1965, 38). Ta:u pecrpnxrueuaMspxa uMa nr,s4eficrnue 3a (parsK leprroAH rrpHAaBa AorBrHr.{TerHa cHna Ha 3apaxAa-llr.{re ce 6ynrore B apMn.rrra. B gr,lrocpoueun,raH o6aqe tosa nxlaa ronlu erlex1 rt,ii xaro6ynroae, e e ArfpHra HMar MaJrKo AonrrprraTOqKrr c apl4aHcKuTe onnaKBaHI4{, a KaKTo IIcnpaBeaJrr.rBo or6enq:sa P Amory onpe,[e-JreHurra "ror" u "apuauuH" se ca eAHaKBr.I
LI HtMa cBHAereJIcrBa, qe e tr{ra:ru.r apuaHc-TBOTO r{fpae pon{ B r.r3rpaxAaHeTo Ha cbro3rl(Amory 1998, 268-269, 272)- Axrya:trocrrana npo6,telra e 3acBu.qerencrBaHa o'ruoBonpe: 575 r., Koraro Tu6epuii npr{Bnr{qa ro-lUrM BapBapcK.i KoHT[Hrer{T .qa ce cpaxaBana tr'I:rox, a xeHure na eofinuqure, orreBHI-Ho HacraHeHI,I g KoncranraHonoJI, lr3ucKBar
Aa r4Mar rIbpKBa 3a cnoure qepevonul.r. !o-xaro Tu6epaii ce rorBr{ .qa orHece B6rrpoca
AO naTpr.rapxa, HaceJreHrreTo Ha cTonuqa-Ta peaflrpa, qe ucKaHeTo e Herrpr{eMnuBo Itgoplt o6nrHrear I{Mneparopa B apuaHcKaraepec (Cameron, Long 1993,327).
llo raxr,n HaqtlH xpucrrrtHcrBoro u ro-roqrro Hr.rreiicrurr cl4\tBoJT c raea saii-ga-xru.rr cf arrop Ha pltN{c}tara HAeHTIiq}rocrnpe: 6 n. Ocneu egun xparr,x enu:og n AS-pr4Ka, HapacHanaTa TeHAeHquq KT,M II3nOBTA-eaHe Ha llpanocJraBrrero ne peQlexrnpa or-pullaTenHo BT,pxJ foTr{Te u BaHIarrHTer npu-cteAliur.rnu ce K6Nr puMcxara apuur. lopn e
Beposrr{o rorcKlrrr Kpan Blzrurnc ga lprlevafipaBocnaBr{eror craeafixr.r narpuquii (Kaegi1965,37). B carqoro BpeN{e xpucrurHcrBoro(u xa:rregoncrno a l,roHo$u:arcreo) :anou-Ba Aa ce H3noiI3Ba KaTO Opbxr4e r{3B6H AN{rre-
pa.sral or lopeu Eruner r roNua Apa6u-x goflpegxaexa:uero (Goria 1984, 336). BoraqraHa xepynuTe r4 KpuMcKrITe roTu I4ABaT Ia Ce
fioltprcr.sr e KoncranruHoroJ], rlecro B npu-cBcTBHeTO Ha lrMflepaTopa r.r Aa ce oxeHrT:a 6:raropogna plrMcr€ )r(eHa. IIo gyurlre naH.-G. Beck "xopara uoxe Aa rnelar lrar(pu,
Hacoxu a pasetLnueno a Pu,lrc<ana Lt fo cxama udexrnuuuocm npes 6 e. 471
Bo o6neqeH rro IlepcDiicKa MoAa Bna,qeTeJr,
HO KOfaTO OCR3Haj{T, r{e TOii e XpICTI,ITH}IH,
T.trXHOTO OTHOIIeHI.Ie Ce IIpOMeH.S, KaKTO TOBa
cTaBa c noKpScTBaHeTo BIaAeTeI.rr Ha JIa3I{Te
I]aa, xepylcxur Kpan l-penec, 6ocnopcnNlr\yr{cKr.r Kpan fpoa" (Beck 1967 , 660-663).flpegy6eNgenNero K:bM rr.rrKofi qua BapBapt:nHe [paBH BrreqarlreHue, rrii xaro roBa e r]o-JroxeHrleJ KoeTo JtecHo ce IIpoMeHr' KaKTo ae-MOHCrphpa ellHH orHeceH xr,v xr,csHs 5 nlH6 e. ualnrlc or JIuoH'. germine barbarico nati,sedfonte renati (poAeH BapBapr4H rro rroreKJro,
Ho npepoAeH B Kynena) (Brown 1972,54).lcHo e, rre oco6eHo aKryanHlltr AHec
repMr.rH "ethnicity" e rpyAHo H3noJr3BaeM B
onpeAenrHeTo Ha prrMcKaTa npr4HaanexHocT
npe3 6 B. Kiraclrquparunre K:r,cHoarrTr{qHri
rrcTopHrlrr He ca noABeAeHu oT I-I3JIe3nrr oT
ynorpe6a roHrrr.r.tr, o6T,pxBafiKr.r "napeap-cxa". "rorcxlr" H prjvcrci soiiHrauH- a HN{ar
cpaBHuTenrro rcrra I]peAcTaBa 3a aKryanHaTa
3a BpeMeTo IiM ucTopEqecKa u eTHHqecKa re-orpa$rzx. IIolo6no Ha cbBpeMeHurrre yrreH[o6a.re re cpeuar rpyrrrocrr{ c HaMr4paHero
Ha npaBunHr{ ofipeleneHr.L{ 3a cBotra patriaH Ta3rr Ha BparoBere uu. Oco6eno cr4Jruo c
ro:ra npo6:relr ce c6mcxea flpororlrii Keca-pt4iicKr-I, rofiro rpanu pa3lrr-ira \{exJ,(y orrpe-
AeneH 8e77li Ir IrOnr.rTHqecKaTa opfieHTarIH.{ Ha
HeroBure nri.4epr4. 3a Hefo e rcHo, qe ethne
r{Ma Br'H Lr B6Tpe B rrMnepr.ura. B nxxon cly-qal4 3a orrpeaeneHl{ JIUqHocTII ce Ka3Ba, qe
ca oT pr.rMcKrz gelxJ" KaTo ToBa cJlyxr{ 3a KoH-
Tpacr c Eel?s u3BT,H uMnepurrra (cepao:eH
cKenTLIqLI3bNr OTIrO CFrO rrpaBrrnHoTo II3IIon3-BaHe Ha Te3A TepMrrrlrr oT cTpaHa Ha KbcHo-
aHrnrrHrrre aBropr4 lr3ra3Ba P. Amory (1997,
13 6, 178 - 180). Eyrea:rnoro npeBe)r(aaHe Ha
gens e no for,urN'r a cr ereH nonsexlauo. rbfiKaTO aKO 3a HrKOrr rrCTOpHrIlr TOBa OnpeAene-
Hfie IlMa 3HarreHrre, To He rrfpae BaxHa pontB UHATTBHAyanHOTO B63npUeMaHe rla rHq-HaIa eTHfiqecKa HII'I IroJruTnqecKa npnHaA-Jrex(Hocr. Or roua cregea, t{e fipellcraBara 3a
pr.rMcKaTa uAeHTr.rqHocT r'r Aa cr.l pxMnqHr{H e
u3KnroqrlTerHo pa3TetnrrBa I]pe3 6 r., exmo.I-eafiru Ii rxupox cneKT6p or erHocr{, oco6eno
B apMu.rrrar HsKol.I or rouro 6tlxa npeAnoqe-nir apyfa erHrrqecKa rrpl4HannexHocl KaTo
TtxHoTo perneHHe 3aBLIclr oT ToBa, KoJIKO pe-
AOBITO I.IM e 3arIJIaqaHO LI B KaKBa CIAryaUlIt
ce HaMHpar. tr4gxrrrolrsrelno BaxHa qacr orpuMcKaTa r.rAeHTrrqHocr, cros\J\a HM gene l1
ethne e Huxeitcxu-x cIaMBoJr, t.e. "He sceKu
npaBocnaBeH e pfiMnrHr{rr, Ho BceKr.I pHMJxI-
HLIH e rpaBoCJIaBeH".
llpes nropara noJroBLIHa rla 5 ,I qenut
6 e. rorcxara uAeHTurrHocr ce npoeKTl{pa
Ha OoHa Ha plrMcKara Ir ce neranu3llpa qpe3
pr.lMcKnr HMneparop. He enyvafiuo eropa-
Ta rroJroBr{Ha Ha npepa3xa3aHara or l]aserOpo:rufi penrItrxa na Aray:rQ flpolltrlltaBa:" ... Ho dt ;reoeoduruHunm onum i4u noKd3a, Lle
Heynpaqrte ama tpocm Ha zomume HuKoza
te uje ce nod,lutttt Ha saKoHu, a 66 3aKoHu
dtptrcatsama rLe e dt'ptrcaea. 3am.oea as (tilct-
zOpAsy\4HO ttS6pAx no-pasnl!\Hama cno6a,
upe3 aomcKama ctna da alfcmaHozJt pLrM-
cKomo LLilte u ce uadnaau da fuda npwHamom noKolleHu'ma Kamo ocHoaonoro)lcHuK IIa
ru.uLKdma pccmaepal{ut. mtii Kamo m ueu6e ueetsuolrctto da npouenn xapaKmepu Ha
mcnu ttunepun". cauoonpege:rnHero Ha fo-TLrTe e olpeAeneHo oT cuJtHara T(pMcKa BJIacT
I4 COUUanHara rpyna oKono Kpan-s, Kor{To I]6p-Bu Hapurrar ce6e cu "rorlt". C xpr.t:ara e ra:uBnacT r.r HeiiHoTo nrzKBuAupaHe B cpe.4aTa Ha
6 e. e pesouuo aa Hacrlrnr r.i Kpu3a B r'{AeH-
TrrrrHocrra. Ocraeaiir<u na puMcxa reprrropr4.{
o6aqe rorr.rre npoAlnxaBar na 6r.aar pa:nor-HaBaHH or puN{cKHTe Hcropr4rlu xaro elhne.
Pa4lrxannara pe$opua ro ornorreHrre Ha
npaBocraBHoTo Beporz3[oBe,qaHrie Aopr.r cno-Mara 3a 3aA6n6oqaBaHe Ha rpaHnrlara Nrexrypr.f Mru{Hr.rTe H "itpyf ure". vcroii, rH socrrl Ha
Te3Lr rpynr4 o6ave e pa:nrluua B orAeJrHr.{TerracTri ITo.4 y[paBneHHeTo uru BrurHr4eTo Ha
I,IMlepLr{Ta. Eeg cr,ltrenlre uaft-gr,rrorpaii-HO OT eTHItqeCKa u reOrpa$cxa rJreAHa roqKa
e caMoonpe.4en.{HeTo Ha roTr.ITe, xr4Beel{r'I
Ha repxTopr.rrra ua Kpr.rvcxu-r lonyocrpoB.Orxa:eaiiKra Aa Ha[ycHar Kpralr n Kptur Ha
18 n., vacr or ux npneMar tr4cnqMa u .qeN{oH-
crpHpar eruHcrBo no orHorrreHue na $arro-
478 Eonn fiyrauoe
pa patria (Ilropo 1990, 112). lpyru rorcxuaHKJIaBLI Ca fiOIJIOXeHII Ha nO-Cr.IJrHa aCTIMII-
Il,uJua tI HaTxcK. oaKT e o6aqe, qe Te cT,Iqo
neMoHcTpr'rpaT ycTofiqr.iBoc! MaKap u Beqe
Karo rryBcTBo 3a KynrypHa npr.rHaAjrer{Hocr.Tosa oco6eno Ao6pe nr.Iqr.r or rrr.icMara Ha
Arnapo or Kopgo6a KbM Enea3ap (6lreururganon Eogo) or cpeAara Ha 9 B-, xr,Aero ceH3TT,KBa CHJIaTa I{a IOTCKaTa VAeHTHTIHOC!
Aopr.i KofaTo ABpi(aBHocTTa e nuKBLrAzpaHaB roArrHrrre na apa6cxara enacr (Riess 2005,146).
Clnpeuennara ucropr.rqecKa rrayKa e ce-pLIO3HO pa3AeneHa IIO O-rHOrrreHHe Ha cKeIT-
THIII,{3MA BBB BTT3MOXHOCTI.iTE HA AHTI'ITIHIITE
HapoAa Aa pa3BHBaT HapoAHocTHO caMOCT'3-
HaHI4e, Koero ce 6a3r'rpa Ha o6ua rpaAriquqlI CIIOMeHT.I U na CEXpaFIqT IiAeHTIIqHOCTTa
cH BbB BpeMeHa Ha KaraKJII.I3Mr{. Or gpyra-Ta cTpaHa ca aBTopr4Te, KouTo nprieMaT, qe
AaAeHO eTHfiqecKo Har.rMeHoBaHue oIIer.{BaI1pe3 BeKoBeTe 6es ga npouenu cNrr.rcT,Jra cI4,
KOeTO BOAri AO EaArIeHrBaHe Ha ponqTa HaTe3r-r erHocr4 n o6u1ux KoHTeKcr H orrpeJIeJUI-
HeTO Ha TeXHr4Te apxeonotl,IqecKII naMeTHH-
rlr.r Karo cy6eKTItBHa Karerop r - Herrlo Koeroe IaAeHo r.t Moxe aa ce cB6pxe eaLIHcTBeHo cT.[x. ToBa BoAlr Ao aBToMaTr{rlHoTo HaAIpax-AaHe Ha LICTOpHqeCIG UJIII apXeOlIOf [qeCKI,IeMnr{puqeH Mareplran BT,pxy Helo6pe 060-cHoBaHa TeopeTIlqecKu ocHoBa.
B gamroqenue uoxe aa ce KaxeJ qe [po-sBIeHUtTa IIa fOTCKaTa IlAeHTnr{HocT Ao to-JItMa crerleu ca Seuouerr 3a euoxara Ha K6c-HaTa aHTT4qHOCT U Tpy.4HO MOraT Aa 6TlAaT
cpaBHqBaH[ c HaquHI.{Te Ha caMoonpeaen{HeHa apyrli eTHocu, rrHeTo qyBcTBo 3a [pr.rHaI-JIeXHOCT K6M OIIpeAeneHa fpylla HaLIcTr{Ha eno " BapBapc KH" orHofli rerHo.
I{urupaua rrrreparypa
Kou4parsena 1996: C. Kougpartena. Ilpoxonuii Kecapuficnui. Bofina c rorar,rr.r. Moc-Kea, 1996.
Iluopo 1990: I4.C. Iluopo I 990. Kpsrucxax lorus. Kriee, 1990.rlexa:roea 1998: A.A. r{exairosa. llporonuii Kecapuficruii. Boiina c nepcaMu. Borina c
BarrAaJraMri. Taftnar ucropul. Canrr-llerep6ypr, I 998.Amory 1997: P Amory. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy,489 - 554. Cambridge,
1.99'7.
Beck 1967: H.-G. Beck. Christliche Mission und politische Propaganda im byzantinischenReich. - Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull' alto medievo f4, 1967 ,659-674.
Braund 1994: D. Braund. Georgia in Antiquity. Oxford, 1994.Brown 1972: P Brown. I 972 Religion and Society in the Age of St. Augustine. London.Cameron 1968: A. Cameron. Agathias on the early Merovingians. - Annali della scuola
normale suuperiore di Pisa. Lettere, storia e filosofia 37 , 1968,95-140.Cameron, Long 1993: A. Cameron, J. Long. Barbarians and politics in the court of
Arcadius. Berkeley, 1993.
Elton 1996: G. Elton. Warfare in Roman Europe, AD 350 - 425. Oxford, 1996.Goffart 1980: W Goffart. Barbarians and Romans: The techniques of accommodation.
Princeton, 1980.
Goria 1984: F. Goria, Romani cittadinza ed estensione della legislazione imperiale nelleconstituzioni di Giustiniano. - P. Catalano, P. Siniscalo (eds.) Atti del II seminario intemaziona-le di studi storici: "Da Roma alla terza Roma".2I -23 Aprile 1982. 217-342, Naples, 1984.
Greatrex 1996: G. B. Greatrex. Flavius Hypatius, quem vidit validum Pafihns sensitiquetimendum: an investigation of his career. - Byzantion 66, 1996, 1.20-142.
Hacoru s pasetLmuento ua Puttcxana u fomcxama trdeumuvwttn npes 6 e 419
Hall 1997: J.M. Ilall. Eihnic identity in Greek Antiquity. Cambridge, 1997.
Heather 1991: P. Heather. Goths and Romans, 332-489, Oxford, 1991.
Jones 196.1: A. Jones. The Later Roman Empire. 284 * 602. Oxford, 1964.
Kaegi 1965: W E. Kaegi. Arianism and the Byzantine army in Africa. - Traditio 21,1965,L)-) J.
Kelly 2001: Cr. Kelly. Empire Building. - G. W Bowersock, P. Brown, O. Grabar (eds.)
Interpreting Late Antiquity. Essays on the Postclassical World. London, 2001, 170-195.Lee 1993: A. D. Lee. Inlormation and Frontiers. Cambridge, 1993.Lounghis 1989: T. Lounghis. Ambassadors, embasies and administrative changes in the
Eastern Roman Empire prior to the Reconquista. - E. K. Chrysos, A. Schwarcz Das Reich unddie Barbaren. Vienna, 1989, 143-153.
Maas 1986: M. Maas. Rornan history and Roman ideology. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40,
1986, 17-31.Maenchen-Helfen 1973: O- Maenchen-Helfen. The world of Huns. Berkeley, 1973.Matthervs 2000: J. Matthews. Roman law and barbarian identity in the Late Roman West.
Si. Mitchell, G. Greatrex (ed.) Ethnicity and Culture in Late Antiquity. London, 2000, 3 1-43 .
Riess 2005: F. Riess. From Aachen to Al-Andalus: the journey of Deacon Bodo (823
76). - Early Medieval Europe 13, 2,2005,131-157.Schwarcz 1992: A. Schwarcz. Die Goten in Pannonien und auf dem Balkan nach dem
Ende des Hunnenreiches bis zum Italienzug Theodorichs des Grossen. - Mitteilungen des Insti-tuts flir 6sterreichische Geschichtforschung 1 00, 1 -4, 1 992, 30-83.
Teall 1965: J. Teall. The barbarians in Justinian's armies. - Speculum, 40, 1965,294-322.Williams 2000: S. Williams. Diocletian and the Roman Recovery. Routledge, 2000.Wolfram 2001: H. Wolfram. Die Goten. Von den Anilingen bis zur Mitte des sechsten
Jakhunderts. Entwurf einer historischen Ethnographie. Miinchen, 2001 .
495
TYTXOH _ KAMTIYCbT _ 66TPA4II HA PEKA AXEJIOI4
Ilaeet feopeuee
Cr,rqecrnynanero Ha sugaHruiicKr.r Bo-eHeH narep nexgy Anxna,ro (Ilovopue) H
Mecevepux (Hece6tp) e orpa3eno B lr3rorr-Hrrrlr4 3a neprroAa VI - XI n. (i4peuex 1974,850 r c;r.;9u:ree 1908, 613; fro:e:ren 1992,155-156). B:rnpexu, qe B rrurr.ipaHure H3-
cIeaBaHHs 8'6ltpoCT,T e rroCTaBeH npaBanHo,e neo6xo,4l.tlto ga ce HalrpaBu lroB rlpernel HaHalIr4qHr,ITe IIrrcMeHr{ AaHHI{J 3a !a ce oqepTaeno-peredluo xapaKTepa u Mec roHaxo)(AeHLl-ero Ha HMnepcxara BoeHHa 6a:a. lpyraraBa)I(Ha ranaqa Ha Hactotuara pa6ora e ga
u3rcHr4 npor{3xoAa r.T 3HaqeHHeTo Ha errHl-Ma-Tr.{qHoro r{a3BaHfie T8rlons, Tl.rochun, orr,xr-aecTBtBaHo aocela eaHo3HaqHo c5c caMIItAsxua:ro (3rarapcru 1970, 281-288, 494Eerresrnes 1981, 27; Anre,ron, flerpoe,flpuruon 1981,266; frcgeree 1992, 146; IIa-:apon, fio:e.rrer, Touee 2000, 8).
Hari-panHoro u3pur{Ho crroMeHaBarre Hagoiicxoeu nafep B oKoJrHocrHTe na Agxs-ano nptrHalnexrz Ha TeoQulaxr Cunroxarar{ ce orrract 3a cB6fiTHs or xpa-a na VI e., noHefoBoTo c6rrlecTByBaHe Mo)r{e Ia ce npeA-nonoxu rloHe BeK no-paHoJ KoraTo e utpaJlBaxHa pon{ B T. Hap. 6yur ua Blrranaan(fto:eree 1992, 149-153). Pea:rucrr.rqso e
o6ave 4a ce AonycKa, qe crparerurrecKoro3raqeHfie Ha AHxna,to u pai:ioua lta ceBepor Hero ca 6u:ru olrereHn orqe tpe: IV n.,KOTaTO BOeHHOTO HanpaBneHIIe oT HoBaTa
croJlr4rla na tr4mepurra xul lo:ren lynancTaBa 116pBOCTeneHHO.
B egurr or flacaxr]re y fropgaHec (Get.108) rpagr,r e nocoqeH "xaro paslonoNeuMexAy MopcKr{Te BtJrHu t,t no;rare na Xe-Myc r{ crceAHoro ruope" (ibi ad radices Emi
montis et maris vicinam locasset). (JII4Etr4
1958, 343). "Err.r:ruqr go uopero" rpaA aB-
ropbr HapHqa Anchialos, Anchilialos, r. e. cr.nte, uuriro cMltctlr e a3T6ltKyBaH rrocpel-crBoM rp. uyy,i,- a)"og, Koero r.r3pa3qBa Kpac-gopequBo rrojro)r(eHHeTo My 3aeAHo c MecT-
Hocrra ira ceBep or uet) "6ruso" Ao Mopero.Tata iiopgaHec Karo qe Jrr.r oyeplaBa eAHa
tlo-tufipoKa paMKa :a Atrxua,ro. B:lglroxno e
T{ I4MeI{HO Aa e HOCella 3aCBL{AeTeICTBaHOTO
B eII4H or pr,Konucfire uagsarrse Anchilialos:"rpag crcegeH Ha MopcKHr 6pxr". lorcrlr-xr14cropHK ro HapHqa Anchialitanae civiraris.KOIOTO ONI{CBA MCCTOI]OIOXCHfiETO }IA TOTI-
,qHTe \r HcpanHx 6auH cnprlro sero. uvai1xuTIpeABHA uoxe 6u fi cenutrlHu crpyxTyprr B
cy6yp6uyr,ra aru B rl.r{rara rpaAcKa repr{ro-pr.ix. Toea noAcKa3Ba r.r3rlrexAa r. llpoKonuiiKecapuficra (De aedifl, III, 7) cr,c xarero-purrHoro cr{ E3Becrr.Ie B cpeAara na VI e., ve"rpaxu o6rlranar egnn rpai6peNeH rpaA Ha
Eexcuucxus flonr, c uue Auxaalo" (ftr4Bl41959, 154). 3nae ce, qe oure B pr.rMcro Bpe-Me xItreJII4Te ga Anxualo ca trManli r. Hap.
flepefpr.rHanHo rrpaBo, npu KoeTo cTa'ryTBT
Ha xr.IBeexluTe 3aA HeroBHTe cTeHr{ r4 B tpaa-cKara My repr.rropns e 6al lr:panneu (J1a:a-pon, fio:e:ree, ToHes 2000, 24,33-34). Tauar{C B I,I3TOI{HUUI,ITE OT KSCHATA AHTI4qHOCT U
paHHoTo cpeAr{oBekoBHe o3HaqeHoTo c rrMe-ro Anxualo qecro HarxBlpJlt HeroBr.rre Kpe-
rrocTHr.r cTeHrr r{ ce pa3npocTripa B:bpxy TepH-TOpHrTa Ha CeBep ]I 3aIIaA OT TtX.
B qurupaullr lacax na liop,uaHec Mecr-Hocrra Ha ceBep or Auxrlalo (ad radices Emimontis et mari vicinam) e nocoqerra r.r3pr.ir{Ho
xaro y4o6eu [nar]AapM 3a Hana4eHr4ero Ha
496
foTrrTe cperqy fpaAa orqe npe3 270 r., a Ton-nr.rre 6aHr{ Ha 12 Mr.Inu, 3alraAr{o or caMurr
rpaA, nocJryxBnr.r 3a rrpoAcnxr.lTeJreH [pec-Toii Ha HalxecrBeHr{uHTe.
,{ne ca ocnoenlrre rrpr4r]HHu 3a pa3rrora-
raHero Ha BoeHeH IIeHTtp ua cenep or Anxz-ano. Ha nr,pno M.trcro roBa e crpareurqecxo-TO 3HAqCHIIE HA MECTHOCTTA B IOAHOX}IETO
Ha nJIaHlIHara u H3Jrlr3aqr{Te or ceaep "yc-trq" ga aea or Haii-recgltre 3a npeMllHaBa-
He npoxoln:,{rollrncxzlr l.r Kpaii6pexnn.rr.Ilperpaxgaae'ro na yAo6nu.r :a uacrtrrJreHrre
Ha ror "KopriAop" e 6u:ro or r43KJrroqrrreJrHa
BaxHoc! rsi xaro e ocr4ryp.sBano 3a(punaHa paBHrrHara. Cr,c ceoure oco6eHocru rojifipvnfiqa na naii-recnrare qacru or Mam<a
Cxurrllr u tr4:roqna Tparu.r, o6esonaceutt,
KaKTo ce sHae, c lunefiuu 3a IIrrHH c6op6-xeHlls orqe npe3 KbcHara anrraqnoct: fo-;reuu-ar,{o6pya)(aHcKrr Ba-rr, r43fpaaeH rro
BpeMero sa KoscrasruH Beruxu n ,{urraracrelra Ha r{Mleparop Anacracrzii. Tona crpa-Tefl4qecKo 3HaqeHlze Ha MecTTtocTTa I{a ceBep
or AuxHa,ro e 6H,ra oueseHo uai-rr,cHo nperiV - V n., Koraro BoeHHoro r{alpaBJreHrre or
,{o:reu lyuan K6M croJrr{rlara na I4unepu-xra nprz4o6rma lbpBocrener{Ha po:u. To eoclrryprBano 6r,p:o npn4euxBaHe! KaKTo 3agefinlrre lpor].rBHr{rlr4 B nxrlero Ha r. Hap.
BapBapcKri l{apoArr, TaKa rr 3a r.nHacrHe lra
BoeHHI,I cI4JIIr ot KoHcraqruHorroJr KT,M Jra-
lreca. Po:r-{ra ua parioua xpaii Auxua:ro :aI,Ilrnepurra e HapacrBano u noparu Sarca,qe roii ce HaMupa no cpeAara Ha nrrs orKoncraHrsHoror rr,u ,{oreu ,{yuan r.r e 6u'lr
Mtcro 3a ecrecrneno u yro6uo crlcpeJloroqa-
BaHe r.r nperpynHpaHe Ha eoeHHnte id ca,!H
npeALr npeMr4HaBaHe npe3 cTaponJraHrrHcKr4-
Te npoxoAa. Tona npegno:rara u3rpaxAaHe
Ha flocToqHeH Jrafep 3a Ar4cnoKaqHr rr peop-
raHu3arrs.s Ha BoeHnrx erlerrun.Konrperuu AaHHr{ 3a roBa npeAnara
Teorfuraxr Clruoxata (V, 16), xaro nuue,qe rrMrreparop Manpuxlrii, 6rp:aiixu ga ce
rrpoTuBonocTaBr4 Ha HacT6rrBauuTe aBapu,
"lpexn:sp;ru;r eoficxare cu e Eapona, xo,t-
Koro Mox{eJr ro-6'rp:o" u ru Hacoquir ani ta
trlv 'Ay1ia),ov u1v dr8qpicrv nc{,po,oK€r;-d(etcrr (fZEI4 1959, 312). Tyx oveengnocTaBa B:brrpoc 3a HocorrBaHe Ira HMrrepaTop-cr<lrre eoilcxu : "xrv ycrpoenr.rr (sr,opr,xe-nu-x) 4ane'reu (sicl - lI. f.) Anxraa:ro".
Kr,Ae e 6ula pa3nonox(eHa BlfipocHaraeoficxosa 6a3a?
B Ha.{aroro Ha cBorra "l4cropar" (1, 3)Teo$u:ranr Cuvorara nHSopuupa no no-no4 Ira "ouycrouaeaHero" na Anxua.no otaBapr.rre npe: 583 r, qe xaraHtT "paropuloKoJTHHTe cera". Bcr,rqnoc! B TeKcra e Ka-
3auo: . . . orporofisbeliersl Koi xilv 'Ay-
linl,ov neprtdpve'tcrr" rdg re neproin8oqr6paq e8loroev (|I4BI4 1959,293). Cupeuxaralrt! cneA Karo onycrorxrn Anxr.ralo,"ce pano.noxult Ha nafep raMr u3xpaHBaH oroKo.rrHLITe ce:ra", uotqa4anaiixu, no uacto-rBaHe lra cBot xapeM! n Asxtrancxrlte 6anu.C:regoeare.nno aBapcKurr narep ce e r{aMH-
pan IrtKT,Ae B rpalcKara repnropux. Tau xa-raHbT npeKapan He rro-NraJKo oT Tpr.r Mecerla,npo4r,nxanafixu npetoBopr.rre c npareHrrquna Manpnxllii.
C:re4 na:HauasaHero cu 3a rnaBeH crpa-Ter Ha BLI3aHTI4ficxure eoficrrz, Kouenqlrol6a:upal c:rrqo eoficxure cu eni ,rr1v 'Ay1i-c{lov, rl3r:lexAa n o6opygeau :rarep, e xofiro6raru u:nr,pruenfi AeficrBar rro rpeHr4poBKa,
oKoMn:rexroBane rr pa3npeAeneHue na eofi-cnure (ftr4El4 1959,299-300). B 4pyr rer<cr(II, 10) Crmoxara roBopu lr3prlrrHo 3a "raraHaper{eH[r crau" xpaii Anxualo, ocraBeH 3a
oxpaua 3aeAHo c o6o3a Ha rrerupr4 xr.rn.s;1eH
orptA or ne6oecnoco6su BoiiHurlu. BHu-MaTC'IHUS'f My aHanR3 IIOKa3Ba, qe ryK CTa-
Ba Bsnpoc no-cKopo ?a BoeHHrr larep rpaftOgecoc, e xoiiro 6oiiHnre orprAu cneA ToBa
ce 3aBapHanu (feoprr.ree 2007 a,70-71').Yxa:aHr,rq :]a Nrscroro na AsxaancKlt.s Jra-
rep 4ana Teo$a:rarc Cnuora:ra r.r 868 Bpb3Ka
cr,c cr6lrrr.ura or 591 r. Ilo roea BpeMe rrM-
rreparop Manpuxnii orJraBr{Jr noxoA nporr.rB
oqaKBaHo aBapcKo HaIIaAeHr4e 14 fo Hacoql.ii]"xr,nr Anxuaro" (fLIEI4 1 959, 3 l2). Tau roii"ce ycrarroeur Ha .rarep" (6Lo"ypd,Seto,r t6v1d,par<o), nororo u3rroJr3BaJr 3a rrpecroii (ri1v
Tytnxou Kctunyct n "l-pad ' ua pera ;ltetoir 491
6rutprprlv TTolr.loopsvoq), npeKapBaiiKu B
Hero 15 .qIIH (fI4El{ 1959, 3 17). B cr,uoroBpeN{e aBapcKaTa BoiicKa lel:icTBana B par:io-
Ha Ha ClrpMr'{yNr, Cunrugynyu u EorroHri.{,
Toea nogcra:na, qe nareplT xpaii AHxrranoe o6e3nerraBan IIpoAbn)xure.{Hur npecrori naMHOfOqUCJIeHa apNIL{q, KOTTO lt3qaKBa[a Ha-
BllI43aHeTO Ha npOTlrBHr{Ka RT,B BT,TpeIIIHOCT-
Ta. C HanpelBaHe Ha aBaprrre [pe3 Mu3us,Ha3HaqeHlrrr 3a noAcrparef Ca,rel4an 6urlr3npareH Aa 3aeMe "nenplrcrurrur,rrc yrpe-rreHr.rq" (Tdrv ellpopdrov rd ci,o!l.ov)B rrpoxoAr4Te llpoxruana. Tanr rofi [ocrpo-Irrr cBoii, orreBr4AHo BpeMeHeHJ rarep. C:regOTTe|JIJ{IIeTO CH OT IIO3LtqI,I]r1'e, Ce 3aBbpHan
B Arrx[arcxo'ro flone npH tJraBHoKoMaHI-
satt(nr Ilpncr. :r aBrpHre. oB ranqBaiiKH Hr-
ocraBeHure yxperrneHu{ B fipoxolure (.riiqflpor)"tcrvi1q td'g 6raBdoerq), crlrlnalu"Ao taxa rraperrer{r.Tq Ca6yneHre Kananr.rn".llrpeoro or crroN{errarure NrecrHH nMer{a oc-raga Heo6rrcHeuo Karo Ha3BaHr4eJ Btrrpexr.rr{e se [pcIr43BuKBa oco6eHr.r 3rrfpyAueHu-{ croxarlnallusra cu. Bepolrrro tara ca 6u:tHHapur{aHu "rlro.ronme" no3r.tqLIH no 6unoroIta rl;raHrrHcKara aepura, rr,ii Karo HaxMeHo-
BarrueTo uNr HarroMHr 3a IyMaTa rp6Kll61q,tolq, Ko-{To o3FraqaBa "u:nnreane, xpe/qrr3-
BuxBarre na 6oii" unrl e npolr3BoAHa lra rJra-
rona (o!T)Kl"116 ":ar;rrounarnr", "sareaplnr",ts cnyr{as 3aKp[BaHe Ha npoxo,4(lr) (cpn. I{on-crarrrr.rH BarpxHopo;1uuii 1989, 110 / 111,
363). tl{o ce orHac.s go Ca6yleHre Kairalun,Beqe r.iMax BE3\'loxf{ocT Ia uoKaxal rre c JIBy-KparHara uy yno'r'pe6a Teoftrlnaxr Curnroxa-
Ta roBupr4 la pasn qH )qacrbufi or xpaii-Mopcrr4r n'sr (via pontica) (feopruen 20076,20-2i). B rlurrpaHr.ir racor{ craBa.qyMa 3a
N{tcTo, KogTo ce HaN{upa }oi(Ho oT II.iIaHuHaTa
u To cileABa Aa ce oTbxAecTBr{ c ecTecTBeHH-
Te Irrcr,rrHu Ar4rrr B (paii6pexHara lrBr.rqa u
Aa ce roxarr.r3npa lo-6ruso go Meceiunpux,orKonKoro ,{o Anxqano. Tona norer,ptxgaear.r Cuuorara, Karo cnoMeHaBa I{N{ero Ha rlo-cJreAHrir c;reg Ca6ylenre Kaua:rr.rs.
flocera ue e o6pr,rqauo Aocrarr,quoBHHMaHr.re Ha eIIflH llpyf nyr{Kr or pa3Ka3a
ua Clrlronara (II,15). Pa:ra:naiixr.r :a geticr-Butra lra Koltenrluo:t BT,B BtTperxHocrra Ha
Crapa rnar:una, aBTopr,T coru, qe HeroBlireeoficKu "c,Te:rrr cneAoBareruo or XeMycxru Kanrouynrr.rc r.i Jlu6ligypq 3a aa Boro-gar. Te cr,r:rerarru xafaHa: xofiro ce HaMllpan
HrKb,tc rc.&alrcLr u 6r,r parnuHa,r 6e rrprxttorraJIarKI{Te cu npLI qeTBBpTaTa MI{JrtJ IroHe-
)Ke HefoBaTa BoiicKa 6una pa3nrHa rro rlrralpaxu.r" (I-I4EI4 1959, 307, 6er. 3). l{mra .qa
ce cnupaM }ra r{oMeHTuparrur Bbrrpoc 3a no-Karu3arlusra na Karnouyuruc u Jlu6ugyprBaxrroro 3a rrac e yKa3arroro pa3crorHlre or4 puucxu uu;rr.r (onono 6 x.v), u:ucpeulr orAnxua;ro r.rru or Mecelrepu.r. [nara rpa11a
ca orlaJreqeHu Ha oroJro 18 xlr egun or gpyq
TaKa qe xaraHcxr.rx craH rpx6ea Aa e 6lt.{ Ha
oxolo 6 KM, ceBepHo or rrtpBr.rr rrlrr{ IIaK
ToJrKotsa Ha rof or Mecevepu-*. flpu nropa-Ta B63N{oxHocr Mqcroro 6u ce oxa:alo lc-locpe,4crBeHo go Speroeere Ha p. Axenoii, a
npH nbpBaTa ceBepHo oT llaneoKacTpo, Ha
6pera na Co-lenoro e3epo. tr43TorrHrrrlu noA-Kpen.fiT H jIBeTe Jr o KaiIIT3 arlr4H.
AHa Korrsnsa onr.rcea Ieilcreaqra rr:r
ceor 6arqa (X. 2), xouro HanoMHrr B peAlr-
rla orHolrenfir re3r.r Ha crparera flpxcx, u;ruHa caMur rrl{neparop Maepaxr.rri. A:rercr.rii IKovnun pa3nono)Kl.rn Hai,i-HalpeA oxpaHa
Ha r(n[cypure no rrJraHr{Hara 3riroc (Xeuyc,Bepuraaa), a cncA rrpoBeAerrara raM r.rrrcrreK-
qtrs "ce pa3 onoxriJr Ha craH (rdv ldpclxa)rrpri r. Hap. Ceerqeuuo e3epo, Koero ce HaMr.I-
pa 6xr.r3o ao AHxr4a,'ro" (fllEII 1 971, 1fl4)."CneqenHo" e 6n,ro uapu'raHo ,4n. Co;renoe3cpo, Koero ce npocrr.rpa e rpaii6pexnaraHBxrIa Ha oxo,'ro 2 - 8 xlr, cereprro or fpaAa,n 6ru:ocr go flaneoxacrpo! KT,Aero cc pa3-
TloJrafaJr caN{Hrr rpaA.r Or rav, upn eecrra3a HaBrr 3aHe Ha r\ryN{aHrITe orcav flynae,IlN.InepaTOpT,T, nO ClBeTa Ha CBOIITe npu6-
!Kpenocrra Ha rpa.la e nlrala tfopua ua rrpa-
BuxeH rpaflcu c nr'ro[{ o'r'ororro 120 xa. Cpe. /1.Croen. Kpenocruara crcHa Ha aHTHrJHl.rr AHXualo,pefltcrpupala c ror,roura ua reorlu:lr.rulr lreto-ALt. Apxeonor r, 1989, 4, 37-40, O6p. I .
498
JrLr)KeHH H BOeHOHaLIaJTHI{IIU, "Ce OTlpaBLIn
3a AHxfiano" u ycnrn Aa yAbplKr{ rracrbn-BaIIIITe (yMaHCKLI BOfiCK{, KOIITO I{CKaJIII AaoBna,4e.f,T "ee4uata HefoBI4Te crexa" (tdtvxolixqq r€1Idrv). Ana Kouslfira lolqepratsa,qe A:rercuti I cry,lrxl .qa orpa3rr araK[Te He
calro 6narogapeHr4e Ha BoeHHHTe cr4 yMeHuq,
Ho u nopaAa oco6enocmre Ha MecrHocrra,Koqro rocryxl4la "ga gaulula tta clegrle"(6Xripopu 6d roi Teilorg). Br,e epr,:xac roBa, r.{ oulcBa (X, 3) oroluocrra, a uecaMrr.{ rpaA. "Kpeuocrra Anxrla:ro nume r.{
r4Ma cJreArroTo pa3[onoxeHqe. or g-acuara
crpaHa e r{epiro uope (T i1v flovrqp&v eileOdlaooov), a or n.sBara crpaHa HepaBHa uHenpoxoArrMa 3eMqJ [oKpprTa c Jro3q' KoqTo e
neyro6na, :a ra npelycxar no rreq xosuuuu"(fl,{EI4 1971, 106). Taraea Br.rAsi-r B Kptur Ha
X]X s. Mecruocrra Ha ceBep or aneoxacr-po a K. tr4peuex (I4peterc 197 4,85 0). Tyx rorior6eJUI3Ba ocre[I{TerHara 6enora Ha .r{c6q-
rraTa Aura, ro Ko.gTo MrrllaBal nr,rq :a Me-ceMBpu;{ ri Ko.sro 14n..{yfiuee orbxAecrBr.rocHoBaTeJrHo cbc cSoTBeTHHt yqacT6K Ha T.
uap. Ca6y.reure Kanaras. llpaeu eneuarne-H e. qe u T paHoTo MecTofloJrox{eH He (Toit6not 06oeorq) xpaii "rpenocrra Anxualo"se oxo)KAa c roBa, oslaBeHo u'r froprattec or-Korxo croreru.{ ro-parro. I4:plrvrroro pa3rpa-
HurIaBaHe Ha rpana u pa:no:roNenur na Cee-
LqeHoTo e3epo narep ua noicnure na AlercuI Kouslrs AoKIBBaJ rre HeroBara .qr,rqepr riManpeABr4A He caMo rpaAcKHTe cTeHr, Ho rr ec-TecTBeHr4 r{nrr H3hrycTBeHr{ nperpaAr{, Kor{To
ocTaBaT Ha ceBep oT T.{x.
Bcllqxo roea BoAH K6M rr3Bo.4a, rle Jrare-
p6T Ha r{MrleparopcKr4Te eoficru ce e HaMr4-
pan no nr,rs or AHXuano :a Meceunpru. Cpa3noJroxeHaeTo ca B paBHI4HaTa MecTHocT,
3arql.rTel{a oTAscHo oT MopeTo rrJrrr coileHaTa
raryHa, a orn.sBo or 3acaAeHr.r c ro3n2 tepacu
2 ,Ilo:qra g aHTl.rqHocrra ca 6lrrlt o6nrurosego c
:rexu lulr no-cta6nr Hu orpaan. Koltro ca npe,qcramrBa-
IU Cepr.ro3Ho npenrrTcTBr4e 3a pa3fpb[IaHe Ha KoFIH] .B.
Cpe. JL B. Mapvenxo. 3arqnra xopu. - XepcoseccKnii
c6opuun, VII. Ceeacrono,rs, 1996, 193 - 196.
rto Lr3TorrHr,rs cxat na Aitrocxara rrJraHuna,
nafepT,T H cBT,p3aHr.iTe c Hero yl{pellneHfisnle Aa ca lperpaxAanr.r nrrT.rr K:r,M Alrxualou Tparuu.
Crpareru.recrlrre npe4Elrcrea ua AHxrl-arcKoro nofle ca 6l,rr ouegcHtt rr t gHraHrL{ii-
cxoro KoMaHABaue u upe: VIII B.! Koraro ryxcucTeMaTI4qHo ce cEcpeAoTor{aBa apMr.It 3a
rracrbrrareJrHt{ ofleparlr4r4 nporlre Esnraptr.r.
!o xru 784 - 792 r. ro craea nrarlAapM cpe-Irly HeiiHara cronr4qa n pafioHa ua Bapnen-cxoro e3epo !r eABa cneA nefinoro npeMecr-saHe s A6o6cxoro no:re tr4ulepusra 3arorrBa
.{a r{3IIO-rBBa 3a II3XOAeH IyHKT 3eMIeHLr.s
narep B noAHo)Kriero Ha Kpenocrra Mapxelr.t(leopruen [2001), 9 6-91).
lk pnoro tr3Becrne e or 708 r, Ho HqMa
cr,MneHlre, qe eoficxute ga Kogcrasrus IVcpeqy Acnapyxoeure 6r,lrapu npe: 680 r.
ca npeMxHanu c6ruo or ryK. 3a cr,6r.rrrlsra or708 r. Teo$an I4:loeegnar fiuue: "A raronpacrurna:r n AHxr{ano, rraKapan Q:rorara ga
rrycHe KorBa [peA Kpelocrra (6pnpoo0ev'coi rd,orpou), a Ha KoHHure orpqa{ 3alo-B_{Aan Aa ce pa3rronolr{ar Ha cTaH B HilMrrpa-qr4re ce no-rope rrolrera (eig ,ror)q &voOevrd,pnoog) (fI,IEI4 1960, 267 -68). O.renuguocTaBa BSItpoc 3a aKocTl4 paHe B 3atrHBa oT lorna Anxraa:ro a ctcpeAoroqaBane lra cyxorlT,T-nrme noiicxu ceBepHo or rpaAa.
Bnul,tarrrze ryK 3acJryxaBa r.r3rIoJI3Ba-
Hara Ha ABa [BTrr AyMa KdpTrotlq. 3ag ue-r
crou He caMo 3llaqeHr.rero ua "nolela", uou Ha "eoeHeH :rarep" (nep. B eA. q. or rar.campus), xarro n 9aralapcruq HaArruc Ha
xan Ouyprar (leopruen 1999,l2lr cl.), rr,iiKal'O lrMnepaTopc(aTa 3aIIoBeA npeABr{xla-Jra: KoHHLTUHTe Aa ce pa3flonoxar "sa craH"Ha BlrrpocHoro vrcro. Vnorpe6ara na ercrdqrrpeA rnaroruara $oplra coqu, rre re ca oc-ranalu "nenpegna3ruso" "et,u" o:r ctaua,Koero n peA r.r f B LI KaJI o BHeratrHoro 66nrap-cKo HarraAeHr{e u rexuu.{ piBfpoM. B 'raxr,s
cMrrcr,Jr r.r3nor3Ba.qyMara kampus uatpnltepfeopru llaxnuep (85), no nosoA ocno6ox-AaBar{ero na I]apurpag or rarltHxre rrpe3
1261 r. (IIIB14 \971,212-213). Knapranr,l
T),nda]l l{cbnycbm ' lpad uapexa AxetoiL 499
3acereH c BeHerllraHur{ "}r,qpyfrr rrjrer{eHa" e
6r,r:r rrapuuax or xopara Kdpfioog, BeporrHo3auloTo Mqcroro e 6uro HqKora "noficxoeo
one"- 3a no.qo6eH cMucT,n Ha ynorpe6eHaTaor TeoSaH Ayr,{a Krxp"fio1)q cBr4lerencTBa HH-
Ar{peKTrro II cT,oTBeTHHsr TeKcT y llaTpHapxHuxu$op. Tanr roil crToMerraBa caN{o 3a "no--rera", n:nol:naiixra roqnara AyMa 3a roBa(td, exeioe ne6is 6ni Ko[r8i X6p{or), cr'-t<paruaBaiixlr o6o3Ha-{eHuero 3a caMut craHrau (fl4Btr{ 1960,299).I4:mexga, qe r.r nBa-N{aTa xpoHI,ICTIj He ca cxBaHalrl HanbJIHo ItH-tpopuaqu.xra or cBo{ nr,pBori3Toqnur (r. uap.Berur< xpoHorparf ) :a Campus B rroAHol(ue-To IIa rrJIaHHHcKale "nolela",
BcrrqHocr 3a narep ua ceeep or Au-xliaJro u B rroaHoxl{eTo Ea nIaHqHaTa 3IIaellarprzapx Hunntfop, uo rofi n:urexga rocqr{Ta 3a ycrpoeH no DpeN{e Ha rroxol Bpe-Merren 6usax. ''flpes cr,rqara roguua (766 r.),nutue roii, KoHctaHrun ce ornpaBHn Ha rro-xoA cpeqy 6r,:rrapure H Jlorrrtn c npuApy-xilBa laTa ro ao cKa cr,eceN,t 6,1aro ,)10 3evt-ra ua 6r:rraplne t.t ce pa3lloroxlrfl Ha craH(orcrlvoi'rclr) rprr raKa Haper{eHr.ir flpoxoABepr.rrana" (fI{EI4 1960, 305). Cr,o6rileHu-ero Ha Teotfau tr4:nonegnux, ve npe: 763 r.
KoncraHrraH V "Karo Aorrrl:r, pa3IIonoxll;r cerra craH B Anxrla:rcnoro none (rlnl,rjxetoeveiq tdv rd,pnov 'Ay1rd"or) (fI4EI4 1960,27I) o6a.te no3BoJrrBa no-Apyra HacoKa 3a
r4HTeprrperarlE{. Ynorpe6enuxr or xpoHnc-Ta rnafoJl toBopE rcHo 3a pa3[o.]IaraHe Ha
HM[eparopcKure noiicru a ycrpoeH BoeHeH
narep (un),rqxtov). Bnpoueu, TeorfaH u:t,rron3Ba tJraro;rrrara Qopua anl,qreuoaL uKofaro orrucBa pa3nonafaHero Ha efl:aHrfi]i-cKara KaBaJIepur rra roBa Mtcro npe: 708 rTaxa, ve cxBaulaHero na kampon Karo AyNrasa o6urHoseuo "flole" N:llexga HeyIa'{Ho,oco6ego B cBerJII-IHara Ha Ka3aHoro rlo-rope.Craea ntnpoc no-cnopo :a "nore :a eoiicxu"c nocro.rrHeu narep, pa3nonoxen no-6m.r:ogo Mecevepur, orxo:moro 4o Anxualo. I{u-TupaHoro no-rope yxa3aHr.re na TeoSu:raxrCr.rltorara 3a pa3nonafaHe Ha rrarrarKvre Ha
aBapcKli.t xafaH Ha pa3croqHl4e or 4 Mu:tfi
C IOTI:bJ]IIHTCJIEH NOBO.4 3A HAII,Iq ETO HA
campus (e cMrrcbJr Ha stratopedon) HeAanerre
or Meceuopu.n. IIo cnoero MecrorronoxeHlreTofi cT,orBercrBa aa ycrpofinanure Ha HtKoJI-
Ko r{r.rJrri (o6uxnoneno sa 4 - l) or creHI.ITe
Ha ro;reMrrre rpa4oee eoiicxoeu larepu (fe-opruen 2007a,61 u cr.).
B ceemfiHara Ha rona rp.r6na Aa ce 3a-
Kjrloqr, qe Epr-r cBoHre noxoaH IOcTuHurHII npe:l 708 u Korrcranrun V npe: 763 r ca
HacoqBaJrlr cyxorl1'THaTa cl,r apNllrq I4 BocHelI
$:ror nporun Br.lrapa.r K6M BbrrpocHara no-crorHHa 6a:a. O;rorara aKocrr.rpana o6uxlro-nerro n yao6noro npr.rcraHnrqe sa Anxualo.I1pe: 766 r o6a.le rrMrreparoptr Hacorrr-iJr
tf;rorullu or 2 600 fiopa6a KBM Kpaii6pex-Ha Mecrrrocr, xoxro Teo(lan Hapuva 'A1e),dv
(I-UBW 1960,273). flarpuapx Hxr<uOop yroq-I{tBa, rre ro ce Ha-Mfipano "orolo rpagoeereMeceuepua (sic! II. I-) N Auxna:ro" u .re6rro "6e: npucraHr.iqe fi r.r3BBHpeAHo rpyAHo
3a rlraBaHei'. B pe:yjrrar na roBa ce crr.rrHajro
Ao Mopcra raracrpoSa, npu Korro rroBeqeroor xopa6rare 6u:ru pa:pyurenn or Bsrtpa B
6peroeere, a "Heualsx 6pofi or [nyBarlnrece yAaBr{nr{ BbB Brm*me" (fI'IBI4 1960, 305).Tlo ecaqKo H3rrexaa. ve crpenrefirH ce na"ce go6naxar ,{o 66nfapure" MaKcr{MaJIHo,
$rorcxure HarlarHr4rlr.r (urz calrrz.s r.rMrrepa-
rop) pa:ropelu:ru ge6apruipauero Aa craueB 3alrr4Ba 6rur:o go caulu Campus, BeposrHoB 3arrLIBa roxHo or c. Pae,{a. I4nrlopuaquma,ue 6uraprare Ha6nroAaBanr.i pzur.rrpanara ce
npeA oqlrTe r{M Tpafelr4jl IloKa3Ba, qe Te ca ce
HaMLTpaJIR no 6.ru:r<r.rre rIraHLrHcKLI cKnoHo-
ne. llarpr.iapx HnrurQop rBT,pAu, qe 6r,rrapr.r-re 6u:ru "clucagu" onre c norBara lla "ugo-xecrBoro KoHHuuu u xopa6u" u rpeAnoxrrmrvllp. Toea HayMsBa, rre qerra lta eugalrrNii-uure 6ura .qa pa3Blrrr 6:sp:a onepaqur xslrnpoxoAr.rre nrn Bepurana.
Baxna nu$opuaqfir 3a BoeHHr.rr Jrarepnpu Mecevnpur ce cT,,{bpxa y nu:anrraii-cKHTe xpouscrrr, KoHTo orpa3.flBar 6urxaralrex<Ay noiicnr.rre Ha rlap Clrlreo;r r{ Te3r4 Ha
r.iMrreparprrqa 3os ua 20 anrycr 917 r Cno-peg llpo4r,rxnrenr Ha TeoOaH, JIse lpa-
500
Nrarr{K, fIceBAo Calreon u flpo4r,nxzrellHa feopfu Monax, 6urxara ce clcrotJla"ua per<a Axe:roi" (npdq tQ 'AXe},dro oo-lrer<p6tqtur zrotopQ) (II4BZr 1964, 128,16l, 177; IUBU 1965, 143). llo-pauavna$opuynapoera AaBa froau Cxuluqa, xofirocoqu, qe 6urxara ce cr,crorla "npz xpelocr-ra Axeros (npdq 'cqr 'A1ei"or,D
SpoDpiqr)(fI4B}4 1964,249 TIB 1991, 160). Tona ceu-aeTeIcTBo ce AonTJJrBa oT crroMeHaBaHe Ha"eoeHeH narep" (stratopedon) ua urcroro na6u:rxara u:rra s 6rrlgocr go nex. Brn eroparacr.i Bepcli.s 3a rpuquHara ga nngautuficxoronopa)KeHue Cxuruqa cnoMeHaBar rre ,uoMec-ruxr,r IIre, rlgocrasqfi xlr rronecpaxeHLlero]"ce er,pHa-n e narepa" (parembolen) (|I4FI41965, 250). Taxa ue, cnopeA Hero 6nrxarace crrcrorira B 6r l3ocr Ao "$pypr.iii" u (ulu)"rIarep". I4u$opnlaquma, qe Hocsr Ha3BaHr.r-
ero Achelon (Axenoii) rroxa3Baj qe 6urxarace e pa3pa3r.rna no AojrHoTo TeqeHrre Ha eAHo-
r'rMeHrrara pexa. Toea no,uKpenr rr cMrlcl,.rtrHa c6rlpoBoxAarrlara ro rJraronHa Qoplra ol-yrerp6rltor (or rrraro;ra oo^y-rcepd,wipr,rlco, roiiro o3HaqaBa "clreceau", "creguHl-rau", "crnroveaM"). TaM HrKtAe rqe Ia e
6u:r pa:uo:roxcn r{ KaMnyca s AHxuarcxoroone. B rroArpena Ha rrIeHTIIqHocrra Ha crro-
r{eHarr{re y Crraruqa "$pypufi" u "larep" r.r
pa3nonoxeHr.reTo LIM B AonHoTo TerreHr.{e Ha
peKa Axenoii Morar Aa ce [pr.rBJreKar cBege-
HI.Itra Ha leoprrl Mor.rax, xoiiro rrrule, (aKTo
llarpfiapx Huroz$op, rre Karacrpofrara Ha
Srora na KoncraHxrH V npe3 766 r e craua-ra ini'AleLdv (|I4EI4 1961, 50).
Tara qe e rB:bpAe lpan4onogo6uo 6rzr-Kara npe3 9l'7 r. la ce e ctcrorJra 6ln:o 4oM.scroro, xrgero pexa'ra Axenofi ce e clrr4Ba-
:ia c xpafil,ropcxara naryHa (na oxo:ro 7 xur,
K)ro3arraAHo or Mecelrnpva) (Eparr IIIxop-nraroeu 1891, 107-108; TIB 199i, 160; Pa-uree 1996, 94; Pauree 200'7.26 u cr.).3 Ba-
I BaxHa, uo npeHe6pereana ,4ocera. unSopva-unrr npe,qocraBq [y6,rnxyeaHn.r or X. n K. II]KopnxnfpbuKrr Ha,qrr{cj BeposTHo 3a ocBeIlaBaHe Ha xpaMaHa MaHacrr4pa, B .rniiTo orKT,cre.lHo 3arla3eH TeKcrce pa:lwma A(X)IO..., voxe 6n or Achelon.
lI{eH oplreHTrrp 3a JroKairr{3arlr{r Ha M.{cToTo
ua 6urnata e cro6rqenuero rra xpoHHcrr4Te,qe cneA nopaxeHueTo noMecTu(I,T Ha BH3aH-ruficxara apr'rar JIre u:6.rrur I MecelrnpNx,a He n AHxr{aro. flrno. rpaAr,r ce e }raMrlpaJr
B TLIJIa Ha nnsasruilcxute crrnu u BT4ALIMo
HeAaneqe or noJlecpaxeHr{ero. I4ntfopl,laqu.xc HacoqBaula croiinocr 3a roBa rlpelocra-nx JlnyrnpaHg Kper'roucr<u (IIL,ZT (.J[UBL4
1960, 322) Axqeurupaiixu BbprT nepune-Tr.rr.ire Ha 6ol, rori r.r3noJl3Ba 3a Hefo AyMaraMarte (or riMero Ha Mapc), a HeroBoro Msc-TO OnpeAenr Karo campus! a c Achivorumstrages o3Ha.raBa cpa3eFrara rp'sqra" aoiicra.I4znorseafixu rpbrlKa lr3TorrHr4uu (Bx{. 3a rsxno-goly), 3anaAHlrflT aBTop, LI3BecreH c no-3HaHr'r.{Ta cr.r BT,pxy t}ErIKH.{ e3uKJ apxal3r{-pa cT,3HaTeIHO CBO' peqHI.IK, 3a Aa HanpaBua"rIo3u;r 3a cpaxenuero npu Axenoi, 6es gaCTTOMCI.IABA TOBA ItMC.
Karrnnycrr Axeloii xpaii Meceunpiu e
6u.:l apena u rra oqe enHo, Henoxanu3Hpano
Aocera, cpaxeHrle Me)r{ay 6r:rrapl.i r.r BH3aH-rntiqu. Cee4enuflTa 3a lrero ce cl.qtpxareAr'rHcrBeHo y flpogurxure:rr na Teorlan r.r
HTKOII aBTOpr4 Ca CKJIOHIIr4 Ia nOIJIaraT r{acbMHeHI4e onl4cauure ot uero cr,6aruq. 3aMeHe re ca aBTeHTr.IqHu, rr,ii raro ca B c6-
racae c znSopuaquure 3a 3HarreHuero EaceBepHure rlacrr.r or AHxuarcKoro noJle Karoaper{a 3a eoeHnu c6lrclqr.r MexAy poMer{ r.r
6r:rrapn- Enrrora, Korro onr{cBa llpo4rn-xr.rrer-sr ua Teo$au e or BpeMero Ha Jk e Vu xan Or,ryprar (|UBI4 1964, 1 12). Torana,BepulrHo orrte npe3 815 r. sa:aHrfiilcKarenoricxn ce orrrpaBunrr Ha noxoA cperqy Bt,r-rapur. 14ir,rneparoprr nHqHo "rrpncrffrHiur B
rpaA MeceMBpHr I4 cx noclryxu:t cbc cneA-Hara BoeHHa xtrrpocr. Tofi ce onorzur Ha eAHo
rra.acro (dv nvr t6nc,,t 6nrrosp<irocrg) 4ocraAHLI,3aelHo c eoicKara crr Karo rloJryqaBarJl
rrpe3 BcLITIKoTo BpeMe xpaHlz oT HarrraTa cTpa-Ha H He My nr{ncBa:ro rutrlo He ca,l.ro or neo6-xoAr.rMrrre Herlar Ho rr 3a pa3Korn. C:reg rarouayvn:r, ue 6r:rrapr{Te, Korrro ro o6rpaNgalulr 6urr nsopsNeHu IrporraB Hero, ca nprrrec-HeHu flopaAr,r J]urrca Ha xpavn, roii u3r_s3tr
Tynrxou - Kaunyctm "fpait' uapera Axetoi 501
HOqeM OT N{.'TCTOTOT tAeTO Ae6Hen, 3aeIHOc AocTaTbqeH 6poil eoitultqu, cuJtHkr u rr3'
apT,)I(nI'1BII, OTKpr{n HaMepeHHeTo cr.r caMo HagAHOIO It Ce pa3rronoxUn B 3a0aAa Ha eAr.rH
xr,nM (dri nvoq Porvoi Xop€i), Karo c:bo6-IIIUJI yfoBopeHrrs 3HaK u qaca Ha cpaxeHr{e-To". B pe3ynTaT Ha ro3'I Marlr,oBr,p Ha cne,q-BarrIaTa Honl JI6B V nocTr4rHan follsMa [o6e-Aa HaA 6T,nrapuTe: 3aB3er 6lrJI "qenlut texeuc raH ( rb oipor6ne6ov.) ]aeIHo c BorTcKata
E He MO)Ka!.I Aa Ce CnaCU CrropeA noroBopKaTa
Aoprr H orHeHoceq". KaTo urno, pa3Ka36r Ha
flpogsrxllre:u Ha TeoOaH ocraBa BrreqarJre-
Hl.iero, qe BoeHIrr{Te 4eficrnr.rr ca ce BoIeJrur{a 6EnrapcKa reprrropur. 'lb ce no4cr.rneaH or pa3Kr3a rra iiocwrf feuerrii 3r BHraH-
ruiicxa ro6eAa no roBa BpeN{e (fl,{BLI 1961,323). Apryuenrr.rre B Ta3r4 nocoKa npou3nr.r-3ilr or llBecrr{rrt ia nreHrBJHe u fir6 saHe
ua 6:snrapu or pa:nHqHlI BB3pacrv. Toea o6a-ue rpx6na 1a e 6u:ro cnegctnn e or rrocrr{rHa-TB{ BOeHeH ycnex B CTaHa Ha 6Enrapl.ire. Ca-Mure BoeHHr.{ AeiicrBr.I rI flpoglnxr.rrerur HaTeo$an curyupa qcHo HrKT,Ae B oKolrHocrraHa MeceMBpriq (iv MeoqpBpicr tfr n6),ertorolro), u:meNAa Ha ceBep r4nr4 Ha 3aIIaA ornero. Tau uMneparoptT "ce orona:1" sa ol-peleneHo "lrqcro" u lpeKapan 3aA yKpenne-r.rrrqra 3aeIHo c eoficxata cri HeMa:rxo BpeMe.
Ha:ruqtlero Ha rpaAr4l1lroHerr BoeHeH narepna tr4r"rrepulta e 6rr4:ocr 4o Meceunpul rreocraBq c'bMHeHI4.iIJ qe BTrlpocHoto "tu.gc:to"ce e HaMLIpano Tro AoJIHoTo TerreHr.Ie Ha peKa
Axerrofi, a He B rIJIaHI4rrcKrITe Mecra, KlAeropIrcKlT 3a eu:anrrniiqure e 6r.r.n nraoroxpar-Ho no-roJItM. I4:'rlxeaHoro or xporrr4craorJrr.{rrHo cna6glnane 3a narepa rrora3Ba, qe
roil ce e HaMHplrn ua srtarrrn cra rcpuro-pll.g x e r.rMan pe,{oBHrr KoN'ryHuKaqu!, xaKToc Meceunpu-r, Ta(a u c Anxraa,ro r.r HeroBo-TO np],IcTarrllfqe, a oT TaM c BtTpeIIHOCTTana Bn:anrnq. Cr,rqeepeueuno 6r:rrapcraraeoiicxa fi:nrreaJra llelocrr{r Ha ttpHnaca r4
oqeBH,qHo e geiicreala Ha qyxAa rcpr.rroputr.Xr:rvr,1 npu xoi;iro JIre V oprana:r.rpa.n :a-caAara, ce e uaurlpan nafi-neporrr{o B Tr{n ua6r,rrrapcrrat craHJ r.i3tnexAa Ha caMl4t 116T
orxru El,nrapu.a, 3anroro "Nlunasarqute rall6urrapu" BnHarr.r clr crToMHrJn4 3a "cnorrere-Jrr{Te rrr roraBa :lunu", a eu:anrrlfiqlrre roHapeKnu "Jh,goe xT,[M".
B:rnpcxu orcbcrBuero r{a .4ocrartrrHoKOHKpeTHT4 IaHHt{ 3a JTOKaJII{3aIIUT, MOXe Aace flocoqfi, r{e M.{croro Ha onr4caHoro or flpo-AT,JrxHTeJUr ua Teo$an nu:anrldicro-6r,:rrap-cKo cpaxeHr.re or 815 r. e cr,qoro, xaKro r.r IIpe3
766u917, a Beporrlro u npe:763 r BoluruTe ca ce pa3r4rpanu B rroarror{}rero na CraparrJranr4Ha, xpaii Kaurryca, rr3rIoJI3BaH or Boe-
HolraqaJrrrurlxTe lra tr4unepuxra 3a nnarlAapM
nporun 6r,rrapcxure 3eMr4 rz rexHr{r BoeHHo-
rrorrurnqecKr.T rlenrr,p (tr4peuer 1 974, 8 54- 8 5 5 ;
Jla:apon, fto:e:ree, Touen 2000, 44) .
lIpH re:u lr:xogHr.T IaHHr{ N'roxe Aa ce no-T6pC{T AOnT,Jrr{HTeJIHri Bb3NIO)KHOCTTT 3a JrO-
KaJIrr3aqut Ha gH3aIIruiicxa eoenua 6a:a rrpLr
pexa Axeroii. K. Irlpevex, Karo ce pr,KoooArr
or cr,o6rqelrrlero, ue 6utrara pe3 aBrycr917 r. ce cr,crorJra "npn Anxraano" npue-ua, ue Axerdc e BcLIqHocr tfoprra na uue-ro Anxr.raloc (I4peuex 1974,855,6e:r. 11).
Tosa o6a.{e He o3HaqaBaj qe ca IrAeHTI,IqHri,
T6ii Karo aBTopr,T caM orr,)KAecrB{Ba pe(a-ra Axe-ro c HapurraHara roraea "rllN{osc(apexa" (tr{perer< 1974, 860). Tori x oTrr{cBa Karo"teceH go:t cr,c crpbMrrr.{ 6peroae", t<olro e
o6uxHoseHo MaJroBoAHa, Ho [p]i nrauuHcxr{.4-bx.[oBe ce npeBpru{r e vorueH nopoi.i.
B Kparxa xponar<a n oxolrnocrra ua Me-ceN{Bpr.rr ce crroMelraBa 3a ceJrriqe (?), nape-veHo T(6pcovu,. Tar'r npe: oxrounpll 1396 r.I43CeJrHJrrr qacT oT XI.ITeJIHTe Ha MOpCKII{rpag (Soustal 1991,122, 160, 357; Soustal1,992, 60, I-rogeres 1981, 349). He rvroxe gaHNta cbMItelHe. rle cTaBa Bhflpoc ra oiirouwvor IoJIHoro rer{e}rr4e Ha pel{ara Axelofi,Hapl;rqaHa 9uuocxa go nafi-noeo npelre.I4rr.rero (y tr4peuex: r{ur'roc!) e BeposrHoTropxoe3[qHo rr npoLT3JIII3a or dim, r e. xl-coBe IIorIBa c TpeBaJ cny)(erqu :a ctpoex.a
aCpa. J. Napoli. Rdcherches sur les fortifica-tions liniaires Ronaines. Roma, 1991 (Collectionde l'Ecole liangais de Rome, 229), 8.
502
1lo ra:u pnrlr.rHa B TropKoe3HqHHr cB.rrr ce
cpellar Har'rMeHoBafrr{s Karo r{uurenr, r{uv-6ylar u Ap.j C ra3ri cr{ eruMolrorur Mecr-r{oTo HMe HaBexAa IIa lpeanoJ]oxeHr4eTo,qe ro AolHoro reqeHlle Ha pexa L]ulrocxa
('AXe l,dv) e ctqecrByBan crpoex( or r{rlMo-
ne. llpes cpe,uuoBexoBr.rero, a u lpear4 ToBa,
rro TaK:hB HarIIlH ce r.r3fpaxAaT yr(penneHr4tu e BL3MOXHO Aa CTaBa B6IIpOC 3a TrJpCe-
ur'u ro 6peronere Ha per{ara BoeHeH narepltbpyprd, crroNreHar or Cxu:raqa BT,B Bp63Kac 6nrxara npe: 917 r.r r{nu lpocro Hrr(aKBa
nperpala. B rosu cNrucT,r Mr.r ce crpyBa Io-nycruMo nlpBorraqanHara $opua ua uueroT(ripova aa e 6uno *T(r5pL oBo,, r. e. "qz-uor narep" (campus caespitanus, larep c Banor rrr{MoBe (neu. Rassenwall). YxpenrnaueroHa BoenHrrre IIeHTpoBe xpaii rolelrnre rpa-,4oBe Ha tr4ltnepurra c Ba;roBrr c6op6xeHfi.se o6uqaiino. Taxbs e Harrpl.rMep xapaKTep'r,T
ua or6panara Ha "cy6yp6uyMa" na Agptr-aHorloir, xororo Anrrlan MaprteruH (XXXI,11, 4) onncea xaro vallo sudibus fossaquefirmato (JII4EI4 1958, 1 73).
Karto cnoirrenax B Harlalroro, HMeHara
TsryoNs, Tsrlol'c'ntn f.tq.b or crapo6r,:r-fapcKrls npeBoA Ha xpoHr{Kara ua CulreonJlororer r.r Mera$pacr ce cBT,p3Bar c rpaAaAnxllalo. tr4 lr.a'ucruua, xaxro :a6e,rsssa B.3rarapcxa, lrr'rero Tutchon or npeBoAa e rraMecTaTaJ KT,AeTO B rpsUKLIt Opfifr4Han Ha CT)-
qr.rHeHrrero crou 'Ay1ioc]"ov utu ' Aye)"av(3:rarapcxra 1974,387 - 388). Te o6a.re ca
aBa pa3n[r{rM crpoex{a: rrbpBr.rrT e fpaasrAnxuaro (au. llovopue), a Bropr4rr BoeHHli-
rr narep unu "rlpypum" 9uuoua Ha peKaraAxe:roii (r{uuoncxa pexa). flocle4uara e Ho-ceJra Ar{errrnoro cn Ha3BaHHe Axenofi, xaxrou Tyrxoncra pera. tr{ rr,ii xaro npra Anxuanou:o6rqo urua pera, e oqeBluuo, .re ofino-strvrr Tutchon ce cBT,p3Ba r{enpaBoMepHo c
Hero. ToBa Ilo-cxopo e aJITepHarrrBHo Ha3Ba-
HI.Ie HaAchelon (Karo xr-rApoHr{M rr oiixonurr).llo ra:u npuquHa rp.x6aa ga ro orHeceM u
5 3. M. Myp:aee. C;roeapr napoguux reorpa-
$r.rvecrax repvaHoa. Mocxea, I 984, 6l 5-616.
K6M eAHor.rMeHHu.{ narep (raunyc, xapaxa)or VI - VIII n. u r nap. "crparone4on" n"@pyped" or 917 r Brn nprsxa crc cr,6lr-nr{ra or 766 r flarpaapx Hl.rxrzQop u feop-rlz Monax ro Hapr4qar "xarrnyc Auxua.ro",u3ruIexAa 3atqoTo cTaBa ayMa 3a cpeAr{tqe,cB6p3aHo lre rolrKoBa rorrorparlcru, KoJrKoro
Syuxuuouanno c erHorrMeHHxr rpag. B ronaOTHOIIeHLIe CMeCBaHeTO Ha ABeTe CXO,qHI4 IIO
ulre "cerr.Irqa" e H3pa3 Ha [puBur]Horo pa3-
rurlpqBaHe na o6xeara Ha rrMero AnxaartoBT,pxy HeroBara rpalcKa repriropus. B ceo-are "Aurupevu" Ilarpnapx Hrmu$op, onxc-eaiiru neqarHuq sa ea:anrr.rfiqute LI3xoA or6urrara npez 763 r., onpeAen.s roBa Mrcroraro tr1v 'A1el"dv n6i"rv (3:ralapcxu 1974,387; Benreenaen 1981, 89-90). 3a crpoex(sic!) c uue 'AXe)"dv roBopq u leoprr Mo-nax (fZBtr4 1961, 53), qr4uro cBeAeHr4s cau3rroJr3BaHx u B xponrxara sa CulleoH Jloro-rer r.r Meratfpacr Bcr,rqnocr feopru MoHaxe gy6riupa:r ceoxra llutfopuaqr.rr, Karo crro-Menaea Hafi-Hanpel rrMero AxeldH, a c:iegroga u AHxuano. I [o rarre HaqLIH I43tne)r{Aa
u crapo6r,lrapcKurr rrpeBoAar{ na CulteonJlorotet e gaNreHLIr c r4Mero Trt'lons le cauo'A1e)"dv, Ho r{ roBa Ha 'Ay1iu)"ov.
Cregoeare:rro rpeuacsHero Ha I,IMe-
ro Tyrxou e:spxy AHxua,to e pe3ynrar orreHepanlr3aqr{r Ha HeroBus o6xsar r'r or-bx,qecrecrBs BaHero ua Axe,roii c fpana orcrapo6l:rrapcrnr npeBoAaq or XIV e. Ta:fironQy:lu 3aJUIfa B ocHoBara Ha eAHa rBcJIe-
AOBaTenCKa rperrrKa, Ko.r{To npoAT,JrxaBa r.r
guec. Ha cuecnaHe Ha Axe:rdu c Anxlralo ce
AT,nXrr r.r3lnex{Aa r{ noBTopeHr4eTo Ha LrMeTo
"Axlrry" (Ahilou) B eIuH or nacaxr{re Ha
a*\4spucu (Hesroo 1960, '71). laara oiko-Hr-iMa raM ca fiocoqeHu eAuH cileA gpyr ra mfiKaTO aBTOpBT r43pexAa r{N{eHaTa Ha ceJrr4rlarto qepHoMopcxr.lR 6prr or ror na ceBep. c e.l-HaI(Bu IlMeHa ca cIIoMeHarLI ncr,rqnocr Au-xuaJro u Axeroii. E. HeAKoe caM 3arnroqaBa,qe Ahilou orroBapr Ha BynrapHara rptrlxa$opua 'AXe),rir, npor.r3HacrHa xaro Achilo,ryp. Axuo:ry, Ho ro cBbp3Ba cauo c Asxr.ra,ro(Hegron 1960, 132,6et. 235). CNrecsaHe Ha
Tynrou - Kaunyuom - " fpad " |ta peKa Areitoit 503
ABeTe I4Merrrrr4 oopN{lr ce Ha6JIroAaBa v B npy -rrr rcroqHr{qu. Taxa uanpulrep froan IJeqcrroMeHaBa rpafi Mecewpr.rn "nlraxts rpagAuxuaro, or oHe3r4 HercBecrHr.rrer' (fro3e-res 1981a, 367,6el'.36). B. fiosenen c npa-Bo oIIeHtBa roBa r43Becrl,Ie xaro "crpauno",npeABvA IoJU{MaTa LT3BeCTHOCT Ha C6nII.lH-crlrq AHxlraro. 3aragxara HaMrrpa perneHn-eTo cr4 nplt oTBI{AecTBqBafie r{a BbIIpocHr{{npfi3paqea "rpa4" c:rc cenaqero LI BoeHHI{tqenrup ua pera Axe:rofi.
3a ga goraxe, qe r4Mero TyrxoH e
(npa)6r,:rrapcro no npor{3xoA v nosBara My
Ha M{croro ua Anxua,to e pe3ynrar or He3a-
na3eHr.r cBr{AeTeJrcTBa, KOT4TO e XMan nOA pbKacrapo6r,lrapcrztrT npeBoAarr or XIV e., B.3:rarapcxli ce no:ona ua llut!opuaquure ua A.Bupr, ue Ha Kepvencxux 3aJrrrB r.rMano fpaAna r'nue Arrxaal, noiiro 6ral nper.rMeHyBaH Ha
Thochun (3,rarapcrn \97 0, 287 -288, 6e:r. 39).Tosu apryl'reur ce r{3noJBBa }rerBMeHHo Il orcT,BpeNreHHrr u3cJleIoBaTeJILt, KOfaTO r4CKaT
Ia loKaxar 6r,nrapcrul rrpoli3xoa Ha I-IMero.Crara nrnpoc o6aqe orHoBo 3a rflclreAoBare:r-ct<o HeAopa3]lteHae. lpaA c uue Anxlra.ro-T(x)oxyn B ceBepHoro r{epuouoplre nxua.6tr4:r:rexga, qe craBa Bbrrpoc 3a HeroqHoc!lrpu Koqro r.ruero 'A1s),dv e 6ulo c6:rrNenoc roBa Ha rroceJreHriero 'A1i)"l.erov (StraboVII,4; Steph. Byz.), pa:noloNeHo Ha H3roq-Hara crpana ua Krnlepuficxr.ix Eoclop, npr.r
nxoga e Meorragcxoro e:epo.? Bpr:ra ue>K4yTSX CT,rqeCTByBa, HO T,s e CaMO eTLIMOlIOrI4qe-
cra (Xauuelr 1981, 53 r.r c,r.). IIJo ce orHactao Thochun, ro H3tnexra e c6nuxeso c uve-ro Toxr, 3acBrrAerencrBaHo B npl,rnr4cxa Ha
uyAeiicroro lleroxlrlrxae or 905 r. e 6m:locrgo Marapxa (Tauarapxa, Trrryrapaxalr) u Ka-
6 Cpa. Auruuuue rocyAapcrBa CeeepHoroflpnvepnor'ropu. Apxeolorur CCCP. Ora. peg. I-.A. KouereHro, 1I. T Kpyr:ruroea, B. C. [orropy-xoe. Mocrea, 1984, 387 (uHgerc), Kapra 7, 8 ri 9.
7 Cpe. A. B. floAoclrHoB. OBur'u.iii n f[p .lep-HOMOphe: O[btT ncTor]H].tKoBeacXofo aHanr43a no3-TnqecKoro reKcra. fipeeHeiirute rocylapcrBa Ha
reppnropuux CCCP, 1983. Mocnra. 1984. 163,6et. 298.
pary6an, Ho ocraBa Henoxana:upano.8 Tonae AonoBrrn r{3rJre)(Aa u B. Beureulr.ren, xofiroupeAnor .rra caMo Aa qarxpa Mnenaero ua 14.
Mapxeapr: "Thochun heben Nezembur (Me-sembria) in einer ungarichen Urkrurde, 1367"(Eerueulree 1981, 28, 6e:r. 46). C:resonmeluouuero Thochun ne ce orHacr 3a rpa,q AHx anna KepveHcrux [poBnaK. To, camacno cnz-Aere;rcrBoro Ha yHrapcKrls 6an sa BuAlrs aEr,:rrapux flerep Xuu{u or 15 arprar 1367 r.
ce cBT,p3Ba c Hece6rp (Nezembur) (fto:e:ren1975,62,6e:r. 81).
Thochun e cenu lej pa:no;roxeno 6nr.r-
so go Mecelrnpux, nail-neporrno Ha peKa
Axeroii, 3acBriAereJrcrBaHo npe3 XIV e.
xaro Tzumona. tr4rraesnara $opnra e 6:rusraAo ra3II Ea Tutchon fi u3flre)r(Aa Ia e HeroBpeAyqrrpaH Bapr.iaHT. Taxa qe rpr6Ba Aa rr4
cBBp3BaMe cr'c cr4rypHocr c Axe.roH, a ue cAnxaano.
Hassaua-{ra Tutchon r.r Thochun uuaro6qa c6craBKa -hon (: -hun). B rpbrlxrrse3r.{K AyMara Xoiq, gen. Xo6q, X6v (acc.
Sing.) o:uavaea "Haculasa :eu.a", "Hacun".Ha rasu ocHoBa Mo)(e Aa ce aonycHe, qe
Thochun lpoa3nrca or rpbr]Koro t6 1o6-voq H o3HarraBa "Hacvnrr" (:Banrr). TosucMI{cr}Jr Hocr4, KaKTo I{3tnex,qa, lt oiitcottuuaTzumona 3a Achelon. Aro cer,pxelt roear.rMe c B63MOiI{HH.{ qHMOB Xapamep Ha BaJIo-
Bo yKpenneulre Ha pexara, 6raxue irlor:ru 4alpeAnono)xr.rM, qe cslqHHcKoTo TropKoe3uq-lro HMe Ha rrocJre4unr e *Tzim oba.
IIlo ce ornacx 4o tfoprraara Tutchon, rscT,AT,pXa B Har{a-iroTo cE [peAcTaBKa, (orToMoxe Aa 6r.qe usneAena or rarr.rHoe3r4rrHorotutus, tuto "sarqrareno", "curypHo", "6esonac-Ho Mrcro (locus. portus) B c;6cru ryHparorocH 3Haqeur4e tutum (in tuto esse) o3HaqaBa "EacurypHo (6e:onacro) M.{cro". B pr4McKara
CEJIITI]IHA OHOMACTHKA IIOqETHOTO HA3BAHHE
Tutella urpa:xna rroxpoBr{reJrcrBoro Ha e.q-
r{orrMe}rHara 6orrzru, u4enruvna c Fortuna,u xaro Genius loci sma:a B Ha3BaHr{ero Ha
3B)K. A. L,l. AaHbutr.tu. Oanaropuiicxar o6rquHa
nygees. - B,qI4, 1993, I,71.
504
rpaAoBe (DAGR 1921, 553-554). flpoxonufiKecapaiicxu (De aedil VI,4) nanpxr'rep ao-KyMeHTHpa npes VI a. noao6Ho Ha3BaHue:
Torrflcrvd (fttBl,t 1959, 160). ITpe: IX e.
Cenra:rcxHrrr ldoHax xapaKTepr{3r.rpa aBapcKrz-
re yrpeneHl.i cenarqa naro tutissima latibula, r.e."Hafi-curypHu cxpuea:rurqa" (nI4El{ 1 960,283). CregoeareJrHo ro rro,qxoxAa 3a r.rMe
Ha BoeHeH narep H B or,qeraHlie c hon ro e
yKa3BaJro! qe ce oTHact 3a 3eMreHu.s narep Ha
p. AxendH ({uvoc)- nocoqeHa B npeBola Ha
Cuueon Jlorotet Karo Tyrxorrcxa peKa.
He uoNe Aa ce II3KrroqBa 14 rprrxoe3uqeH
npori3xoA rr cMrrcl:r na r.rvero. lh'pBara qacr orHefo 6ra Morno aa e Troxa3areJrHo MecroHMeHHe
3a IIerIo tr3BecrHo'roilo "oH3r.{ H3BecrHn.sr
(no:Haruxr)", a yropara Aa npou:ru:a or 61o9(o) "y6eNurqe, rpr{craHlrrqe (:arqamrrn<)" llclea elu3r4.{ rra noBTapJrlqur ce B Kpaq Ha n6p-Bara H B HaLraJloro Ha BTopara Ayrrla omikon re.qa ca Aanrr $oprrara
+tuthos, *tuthon.
He rpx6na ga ce orxBT,pnr lr rropKoe3r.{q-
Ho ocMlicllfl]re rra HMero. Orrle B. ToMaurexI]ocoqfi, qe rlopKcKoro tut Hocli 3HaqeHHe-
ro l{altplaz, Lager (Tomaschek 1980, 98) u,KaKTO Ce BH)KAa! e MHO|O TTOAXOAT{IqO 3a BO-
eHHtir flarep nph peKar a Axe,roii.3a Acheldn Karo rrrrrrrqno Ha3tsaHue Ha
yKperrneHlre cBr.r.ueTejrcTBaT AoHrKT,Ae u H-q-
Kor4 K:bcHrr neroera Sopura, Kor.rro ca cB6p-
3aHr.r c6c cr.rrypHocT c fpaAa AHxHano. Ta-KrrBa ca Harrpr.iMep cpeulaHr{Te B feHye3Kr4
/qo(TMeHrH or XIII - XIV n. rfopun Asillo,Asilo. Te ca 6rusnr.r no 3ByKoB c:[,craB c xa-paKTepFrr.r.{ 3a [perpalHr.r yKpenneH[s fp6rl-Kr4 repMIrH d,oo}"ov, xoriro l.rspa:rna rexulrx"nenpuctlneH" xapaKrep (nx. qarupanuxno-rope tlo Teorllrnaxr Cuvorara r43pa3 3ayKpenneHnrra llpoxrruaua). Ha ra:u ocHosaBeporTHo rro-KT,crro BT,3HUKBaT I{ IpyfH }rMe-Ha Ha rpa.qa Asxuano xaro Las(s)i1(l)o, Lax-illa, Exille (Togopoea 1985.28).
PeureHlr-s 3a npor.r3xoAa Ir 3HaqeHlrero EalrnesaraAchelon lr Tutchon uorar Aa ce r6p-cr.r r4 B apyfrl rtoconr.r.e
e3a'lacr ot tqx sN. e Heny6,rnxyaaHxr Harx Io-x,ra.q Ha rcHqlepeuul4rra "BoiiHara rrpe3 Axrnqnocnan cpe,qHoBeKoBuero", flouopue, cenreuspn 2407 r
EescnopHo e o6ave, r{e re ca rlpori3BoAHrr
Ha pa3npocTpalreHr.rq fpbKoe3HqeH xr4Apo-Hriv AXc),doq. B rrrHa,ror o r oii ce e npneM-zut 3a o3HaqeHae ua "ntpnonoroxa, ua r<ofiro
ABJIXaT BOAr.rTe CH BCr.rqKr4 r.{3BOpLI U peKLI", a
Arrec ce crllira, ue e "nceo6tqo Ha3BaHr4e Ha
BoI{araJ T.e. peKa }rJnr uope", xoero or OrurlpHacerHe e r.r3TJracKaHo or AyMara "oxeau"(Xauuerrs 1981, 12 u qur :rureparypa).Cnopeg cnugerelrcrBara Ha Crpa6on (X, 2,1) u Crerlrau BugaHruiicxr (s.v. "A1e)"riog)
.upcBHoTo Ha3BaHue Ha B6npocHaTa per{a B
AxapHauur (fbprlur) e 3Byqalro Thoas fl sHEIOBATA OCHOBA JICXI4 3IIAI]EHIICTO HA fPT}q-xara 4yua 0o6q "6r,p:Hlr" finH xrorrnqecxa-ra npxpoAa Ha IpeBHoro Aorp6qKo BoAHo
6oxecrso (PWRE, 1937, 297 -299; Xauuers1981,72). B ro:u cvucr,:r guaqenuero sa o6-n{orptrlKur xr.rgpoHlrM e 6r.rn yl'recreu lr :a6r,p:ara, u:lnearqrr Boaure cr.{ B Mopero peKa
B rrolrr.rre ua tr4:ro.rHa Crapa n:ranuHa. C'rc-rasxara -hon B Hatuur xrrApoHr.rM B TaKT,B
clyuaii lroxe Aa ce cBr'pxe c BToporo 3rra-qeHHe Ha rptrlxoro Xoiq, Xo€q Ool"tittqq,o3HarlaBatqo Heu3l{epuMo KoJIIIqecTBo BOAa
e vopero.roBr,npocr.rre, KoI4To ocraBar! ca 3a rrr,TrJ
no-xoiiro e 6ruo ualoxeno roBa rrogqepra-HO apxauqHo HMe, KaKTO r.{ 3a r{eroBaTa e3r.r-
xona rpanc$oplrarlus, AoBeJra Ao .uoRyMerr-TIlrpaHI4Te aJrTepHaTr.IBHr4 Ulrennu $opuu :axalrnyca Axe:roii: 'IxoxyH ra Tyrxou.
flo nr,peral or r-sx Mo)Kc Ia ce Ao ycKar
ABe perxeurilr. flspnoro e cBbp3aHo c o6cro-.f,TercTBoTo, qe B nr4TeparypHHTe u3TorrHLI-
uu Thoas (:Toanr) (06o,9, gen. Oodvroq)ce sBqBa IIMe Ha MI{TOJIOTVqHfl rrepCOHaXI4,
o6uxsoseno o3HarlaBanlo "6r,p:onor", v:ruc "fluoulrcr.reerre Qauaruqr.r" (Schwiirmen)(PWRE, 1937, 297 -298;XaMMerrbJ 1 98 1, 70).
r0 Cpe. M. Bofisoe, A.n. Mulee. Craporprqxo-6rrrapcxu pevunr. Ccr!ur, I 943,902. Or nrcrrtHl{reHaHocr..r Ha peKara B3tJrexla Ap€BHnrr rpag KolrocaB ycruero rra p. MeaHglp e Ilonyrrnn uMe, 3acBu.qe-
TercrBaHo 3a npbB nbr B Kpar Ha VIIIB. Karo XoH(Xcivq). Cpn. Apxuenucxor Ceprui:i. llorurrfi ue-cruoclroB Bocroxa, III. Mocrea, 1997, 359-360.
Tymxorr Kaunyct m "fpad" ta pexa Axe;toti 505
flpotrsxo4rr My ce lr3Be)r(aa or AlroHucfie-Boro HacJreAcTBo Ha "B{HoAaiiHrir JleMHoc"E ce c6nrD(aBa c ycrHara $opua 0od,(erv.EAan or nonyrrpHlire MrrroJrorrlrlna nepco-HzDKrl c riMe Toanr e na cr.rHa Ha luonuc uApna4na. B rogu clrracrn 3axpenBauero Ha
apxar4qHoTo IiMe 3a cTaponlaHrrHcKaTa peKae AonycTlrMo KaTo nuTepaTypHo BHyrrreHue
Ha IIO3HaBaqI{ tpbIIKaTa MfiTOIOfTIq BU3aH-
TrriicKr4 aBTopr{. Kolrro ca ce nocrapanr{ Aa3aMeH.f,r xuApoHrrMa Achelon c Thochun.IIpn rasu r.rHTepnperaqur nocneAHoro 6rrNrorJro Aa ce o6.{csr4 xaro renerusnara Sop-Ma tou "fhoas " (pexara) Ha ToaHr". OcraBaneo6-{cHeHa o6ate eropara crcraBKa, KotroBrz)rqaMe Haii-Beqe nrn tf opuara Tutchon.
3aroea no-pearucrurrHo e a:frepHartBlra-Ta rrMeHHa Sopua Tutchon Aa npor{3nrBa orcraporo rpaxnicxo HaceJreHue B paiioHa Ha
Agxua.ro u MeceMBpr{.rr 14 [raHuHcKETe .4-,Iro-Be Ha ceBep or r.sx, yrrpa-rlurearqo fluonr.rcla-eBr4Te MricTepr4r4 qaK Ao 3pffoTo cpe.{HoBeKo-
sne (leopraee 2008, no,q revar). Ocuoeanue3a roBa AorrycKarie gana Qarra, rre cpel ycra-HoBenrrre rpaxraficxr.r A).1\{r{ B rptllKrur e3rrK e
rtpa3T,r 3a cxpr,6 6'r(r)oroi rotoi 5d, (-nrtoida). tt'uae ro 6d. e rpaxniicxa dpunriicxa ai.vay6ov, clc 3uarreHue "seur", z:nor3saua e
KynToBII LI3pA3ll E e eKBUBaJTeHT Ha Tp6IIKOTO
106v <:eru, crpaHa, o6nacD (leopruen 1977,186,229-230). flocre4noro ce cbAT,p)Ka B an-TepHarr.lBHrrre r4 apxalrrlHll I4MeIra na Achelon:Tutchon u Thohun. Ocneu rona, B Trx Jrrrrlr4 rr
cneun$u.rHo r parldlcxara A)'Ma-eb3rnac ToToi(6t(T )oT oi). Taxa -re eruMororr{rra Ha r.rMeu-
nara Sopua Moxe Aa ce cBbpxte Karo rrrnocr,c cneqlrrlmno rpaxuitcru r(yJrroB Br,3nrac,
xoiiro nocrenenHo .qerpaAupa e o6r4KHoeeHo
Mex{A1,anerlle or poAa Ha crepeuennoro "ax-xarr", "naii-rav".
lIoAo6Ha r4Hrepnperauu.{ o6.scnsea noHOB, apryA{ eHTr4 paH, HaqI,{H ItpOIa3HOIIreHrAeTO
Ha r.nrero B apxa[.rHlq Ko3LIr]I{HcKH (epxevrvr)roeop: Brxeno. B nero qcno ce cr,A6pxa BT,3-
maca "e:sx!", ,B[on3BaH r] B HecruHapcKr4Te
craplrHHr.r prrryanlu Talrur4, IrapeA c "ry-y-r"urlr "a-ax" (ApnayAoB 1971,36 fi cn.). tr4B. fb-n66oB npue, rre npoli3nu3a or He3acBlrAeren-
crBalroro crapo6urapcxo *x;e,ro (fr,,rr6oe1986, 464 - 465). Buaurur e3lIKoBeA cMtrara:r $opraa 3a fiofiyrleHa ]Ie rrp'aKo or rpr'q-xoro Axe:ron, a "qpe3 locpeAHrrqecrBoro Ira
Apyrc HaceneHrre, e vlriiro roBop ca ce lla3e-
Jrr.l orqe crapr{Te tfopnru na ropHure IrMeHa c
HeLBlagrralru HocoBrr cr,rnacHIa" (HIEce6ap,
Brxelo). Cnope4 uene, peKoHcrpyupimara"crapa $opMa" xxe^o ce orHac.{ Ao cerl{rue-ro Axe,rou, a He ao AHrnalo H SafliBBaHero ,r
CC ABJDIffi HE TOJIKOBA HA CIAB'HCKI,I'IJ KOJIKOTO
Ha TpaKr.rficKx.s r43roBop Ha crapHHHI4t rprhllKr{
xr.{ApoHxM rr ofixonr.rlr (nx. :a rora ro-rope).Haii-nepo.rrno rpaKr.rrlcKara rlopua ua
Mecrrroro r{Me aa e 6n;ra c6:ruNena or na-qereHrjle B fp-buKara MlrrorofHr er4raHrHii-
CKLI aBToplrl (OLTTO Ca AaJII4 Ha TOBa ApeBHO U
MecTHO rrMe fp:brlKo 3Har{eHtre: BeAHs}K KaTO
Achelon Ia Bropr.r nr'r Karo Tutchon, Thohun.I4 raxa, erl:aHruricxnxr noeneu :rarep e
rpa.&crara reprrropus na Anxua:ro (VI-XI n.)
ce e HaMr4pan Ha ,qonHoTo Ter{eHr.re Ha p. Axe-;roii. B u:ro.rnrqure roii e xapaKTepl{3lrpaH
Karo orpd,rofi€36v, ld,porccr, fio,peppohlv,Kdprotg. Cperqa ce rroA rrMeHara: tdv rd-pnov 'Ay1r6)"or (TeoQan :a 763 r.), rilv'A1e),cbv Ko],oupdvqv n6l,rv (llarp. Hrar<ntf -op "AHnnpe.ru" :r a766 r.), 'A1e),tirqD $polpiqo(fr. Cxrarnaqa:a 917 r). Zoan IJeq e XII s. l'r,xfo oflpeAens (aro "rpa/I", Ho or "Heu3BecrHr.I-
re", cHpeq or MaJIo3Ha-ruMLIre. B XIV e. er,:-Hr.rKHaJroro raM ceJrr4 Ie or fpaqcKr4 (?) run ce
crroMeHaBa Karo T(rlpcovcx, lr:rra Thochun- Ik p-BOTO OT TrrX [pOI.BnLI3a BepOtTHO OT panHo-
cpeAHoBeKoBlruTe "vuMoeu" yrpeueHr4r TyK.
To 4ana u ualnaur4ero Ha pe(ara, Korro, ocBeH
Karo Axenoii, .qo HoBo BpeMe ce e Hapr{rrana
9nuocxa. Hagsauuero Tchochun e peAyKrlr.{s
na naii-craporo, rpaxrzficxo no npor.r3xoA lra3-
eaHr're Tutchon. To e ganageuo 14 Karo xr4apo-
HI4M, OTHaCtlq Ce ,qO Ha3BaHr.rero Ha peKara C
fpI'rlKo r.rMe Axenofi. Karro ce Br{xAa, craBa
Ala{a 3a oiiKoHr4Mri r.r xuapoHrrMrr, cBT,p3aHu c
HefiHoro AorHo re.rerrae. Ha ne.s eoeHHlr;rr Jra-
fep r{ ceruflqeTo '46nxar fplKoe3r.rrrHara oop-MA HA CBOETO I{ME B I]OBCI{ETO OT U3TOqHIiUH-
re. To o6aqe e 6nna npor.BHac{Ho or Mecrnr{Te
xlrreJrr4 Io HoBo npelre xaro B:sxelo.
506
Illrrupaua JruTeparypa
Anre"ron, Ilerpoe, flpulron 1981: [. Anrenon, fL llerpor, B. llpnnaon (orr peg.) tr4cro-pu.r na Surapl.rr, 2. Corpur, 1981 .
ApHay4oe l97I: M. Apnaytoo. Crylnu nlpxy 6r,lrapcrure o6pelr.r u nereHAr4, 1. Co$rur,1971 .
Eenree,'rren 1981: B. Beuresru{es. fh,poo6r,lrapu.re. Ear u Kynrypa. CoQur, 19g1.6para llkopnn,rosu 1891: Epau Lllxopnruronu. gepuouopcxoro xpafi6pexl.te u c6ceA-
nure nog6a:mancKu crpaur4 e IOxHa Burapur. - C6HV, IV 1391,leopruen 1977: Bt. feopruee. Tpaxure H rexrrrrrr e3r{K. Co$ux, 1977.Ieopruee 1999: lI. feopruee. It TH: IIAIKAT TON KAMIION. lpasrr Ihucxos
(npoNsxog l{ 3HaareHue ua uuero). - Tpyrone Ha KareApHTe ro tr{cropwr a Eoroc:roelre'puIIrv,3, 1999, 12-30.
Ieoprnen[2007]: ll. feopruen. Kpelocrra MapKenr-i [pr4 Kapno6ar u nsnpocr,r 3a nr,pBa-ra 6r,rrapcxa cro;rr.rqa. Tpaxu.x n XeurzvoHr IV XIV eex, I. Bapva, 6. noc. r.,90-99.
feopruen 2007a: lI. feopruee. Kalnrnycrr ua ogecoc. I4cropuvecKlr 6erexKIl ga uerosararroKarrr{3artr{r. - I4HMB, XLi \ LVI), 2005, 6l-80.
reopruen 20076: tr. feoprraee. lnasHuqr rrr'r npe3 Bepuraea B pa'Horo cpeAHoBeKo-Br4e. l.lcropux Ha rr'r.s. XII llonrulicxr qereHr.r.s eT,s BCV .,r{epnopu:eq Xpa6r,p',, 2006 r.Bapuq2007 ,7 -25 .
feopruee 2008: fI. leopruee. 3a npor.rsxo4a na erHoHr.rMa Ceeepa. - Me4qyuapolrra KoH_
$epeHqu-x no cnyuafi 100 rogllHr.t or poxleHr.tero ua npoS. I4e. flyfiven, BapHa 2007, nog neuarBN. oqe: "Br:rrapnr, geM.s ua 6raxeHa ..." In memoriam prof. J. Andreevi. B. Tr,pnoeo, 2009.
II{EI{ 1959: Iprqxn urnopu :a 6s;rrapcxara ucropr.rx, II. CoSax, 1959.II{FI{ 1960: lplqrr.r u:eopl.r sa 6r,rrapcxara ucropux. IIL Co$ux, i960.II{FI{ 1961: lpr'qru u:eopv:a 6r,arapcxara ucropnx, IV Co$ra.a, 1961.lil4EUl 1964: fprqru u:eopu :a 6r,nrapcrara ucropar, V. Co$rzl, 1964.|HEI{ 1965: fpsrlru u:nopu :a 6snrapcrcara rzcropu.a, VI. CoSru, 1965.ftr{Bl{ 1971: lpr,qru l.isaopu :a 6r,nrapcrara rzcroprar, VIIL Co$un,1971.lrJrr6oe 1986: 14e. fi,r:"6oe. Brxe:ro : Asxuano, Arr.u: AHrex (Tononumluur4 npfiHo-
cu). - 14e. fr,rs6os. tr4z6pauu rpyAoBe rro e3r4Ko3HaHr4e. Co$na, 1986,464-466.fto:e,res 1975: B. lro:e:ree. Chronikon Mesembriae (Eelexxz B.bpxy r{croprrrra Ha 6r:r-
rapcKoro 9epHor'aopue B replroAa 1366-1448 r.). - fCY - 20,66,1975, Ne 3, 147-192.fto:e,ren 1981: B. I-rorejree. Hece6rp. - Er,lrapcrz cpeIHoBeKoBHr4 rpaAoBe u Kpenocrr4,
l. Bapua, 1981, 325-355.fto:eJres 1981a: B. lrocereg. Auxua:ro. - Eurapcxu cpeAHoBeKoBHr{ rpaAoBe r4 Kpeno_
cru 1. Bapna, 1981,356-382.fio:eree 1992: B. fioseree. "Kpaii rpaaa, napeven Aruaa,ro,, (EeneNru Bl,pxy ,rcroprzr-
ra My npe3 IV - X s. - Z:eecrrs Ha HapoAHur My3eii Bapua, 28 (43), 1992,144-157.3.rarapcxu 1970: B. 3:rarapcxu. \Lcropux Ha 6r,lrapcxara 46px(aBa npe3 cpeAHr.{re BeKo-
ne. I, 1 . Co{ar, 1970.
3,rarapcrlr 197 4: 8. 3:rarapcru. I4ggecruqra :a 6r:rrapure B xpoH[Kara sa Craueou JIo-rorer u Mera$pacr. - ll:6panu nporr3BeAeHrrr. I. Co$ur, 197 4,359-573 .
I4peuex 1974: K.I4peuex. fltryeauux rro Eslrapur. CoQun, 1974.Koncranrun Farpxuopognufi 1989: Koncrasruu Earp.anopognHii. O6 ynpae,reuuu tr4v-
nepuefi. Texcl nepeBoA rr r{oMMeHTapr{eii f' f. Jlraranpuua u A. lI. Hoeocenr,qena. Mocxsa.1989.
Tymxou - Kavnya,n - " fpad" Ha peya Axenoi
,lla:apon, fto:eren, Tonen 2000: M. Jla:apon, B- fio:elen, B. ToHee. tr4cropux ua llouo-pBe. floMopae, 2000.
"111116I{ 1958: Jfauncru n:nopr:a 6:s:rrapcKara vcropvr, I. Co$u.a, 1958.
JII{BI{ 1960: J-laruncrcu u:eopa sa 6urapcr€ra ucropr.rr, II. Co$ur, 1960.
Hegxon 1960: B. HeAKos. Eurrapu.r lr ctceAnrrre ir :evrz rpe: XII n. cnope4 LIgpucu.Corfux, 1960.
Pamen 1996: P. Parues. O6xoNAanu.{ n paiiona sa Axeroii. - AOP rpe: 1995. Co$ru,1996,94.
Pauree 2007: P. Panes. I{ap Clmeon - eoeHouaqarrHuKT,r. BapHa, 2007.Togopona 1985: E. Togopona. Kr'u racroparra na Bapna, Hece6rp u Anxua:ro (floMoplze)
npe: XV e.- LIHMB, 21 (36),1985,25-42.Xauueru 1981: X. Xaur'aenr. Axu:u 6or.- B.4I{, 1981, 1,53-16.rlu,ren 1908: II.9unes. Meceunpuiicrara KoH,qlrra (codex).- llepuoguuno crucaHr4e,
LXIX, r908, 7 - 8, 608-620.DAGR 1921: Ch. Daremberg et E. Saglio. Dictionnaire d'Antiquit6s grdcs et romains, V,
2. Paris, 1921.PWRE 1937: Paulys-Wissova Real-Encyclopiidie, VI. Stuttgart, 1937 , 297 - 299, s. v.
Thoas.Soustal 1992: P. Soustal. Die Siidliche bulgarische Schwarzemeerkiiste in Sp2itantike und
friihen Mittelalter. Schwarzemeerkiiste in der Sp?itantike und im friihen Mittelalter. R. Pilin-ger, A. Piltz, H. Veters (Hrsgs.). Wien, 1992.
TIB 1991: Tabula Imperii Byzantini, 6: Thrakien, von P Soustal- Wien, 1991.Tomaschek 1980: W. Tomaschek. Die Alten Thrakem,Il,2. Wien, 1980.
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MEJIHI4ruKLI_ST MAHACTI4P,,CB. BOIOPOATIIIACIII4JIEOTUCA" (,,C8. 3OHA")
B HOBrr AOKyMEHTT4
Buonema Hetueea
floqeara Ha HoBr.i aohlrMegTr.i 3a apxe-oJrofllrlecKr.rTe naMeTHI4rIrr cJlea TsxHoToTepeHHo lpoyrrBaHe z ny6:ruxynane e cepu-oiHo Hrrr[TaH]Ie 3a apxeono3nre. csoeo6pa-3eH TeCT 3a fipIIeMaHe UnIi OTXBT,pI.'He Ha
orKpfiTuqra I.] LlHTepnperarl]rure uu. OrlefioBerre! Koraro re ca unoro6poiina. Tar<a ga
cpaBHrrrenHo Kparbx nepuoA, rlexr4y I 994 u2006 r. e uayvHo o6psuleHHe 6lxa er,eeneHr9 gorylreHra 3a MerHatrrKtrr uauacrup "Cn.6oropoguqa Cuzleoulca" ("Ce. 3oHa"), npuTOBa CZrMO 3a BpeMeTO OT BTOpOTO AeceTr4ne-rue Ha XIII s. ao 1395 r EguH or r.fx e orancrpuiicxnre apxlrea (fto:eles 1994, 228-231), ocrauamre ca or apxvBtrre na Baro-neAcKrls MaHacrrrp Ha Aron, qufito uerox e
6u:r "Crrzreoruca" or eropata no:roBriHa r{a
XIV e. uaca\a (Marauon 1997, 292-296; Ac-tes de Vatopedi, 2001, Nl s 12, t3, 20,21,33, 36; Actes de Vatopddi 2006, J\! 120; Eo-xunon 2005, 83; EoNunon 2007). B axrureor Baroneg - J\!}lb 12, 13, 21 u 36 or nr,p-Br4r roM (2001 r.) ca qrrrr.rpaHr4 oqe 10 Io-KyMeHTa, Kolrro He ca 3a[a3eHrr, a e ]19 120or Bropru rou (2006 r.) Ipyrv 6 fi{flcBa-rqu. Bcl4.rKr.rre AoKyMeHTr.r ce orHacrr 3a IIo-3eMJreHO r{ Apyro I.IMyrqecTBo Ha MaHacTHpa
npe: XIII - XIV e. - Hr.rBr.r, ro3q, MenHHrIlt,qenu ce:ra c:sc 3aBrlcHMIi u ceo6o4Hu ce-JIrI{r{, MaHacrr'rpcKr.r crpaAu r.t o6saneNga-He - rlbpKoBrra yTBap, nurypffiqHr.r TGKaHfi,ruaru, ue6e.nu, I{KoHr{, pa3Jrr{qHr{ xl.rBorHrrz r. r., rpzgo6uTr.r ocHoBHo rrpe3 aapeHr4.rrHa BLtAHr4 Jrr.rqnocrlt LI TexHr,r 6llt:ru, xartorr 3a HMytqecTBeHu cnopoBe Ha MaHacTr{pa.
Oqaxga ce 6pom lru ga ce ynelxwr e uaii-
cKopo BpeMe c roAroTBrHIl.{ 3a fier{aT TpeTu
TOM C aKTr.rre Ha Barorrel. Karo npu6aeulr ur43BoprzTe, rz3Becrur.r orrrpeAr.T rona, "Cn. Bo'ropogzqa Cnzreorsca" ce ora3Ba Hafi-Ao6pe
AOKyMeHTr4par{r4ST CpeAHOBeKOBeH MaHaCTI4p
B AHerrIEItre 6r,-nrapcxra :elru.Toii e u naii-:HaqfirerHuqr MerHr4[rK.{
MaHacTr.rp, Ilpoc6 IecTByBaJr ceAeM cTone-
Tl.tr - or HaqaJroro Ha XIII e. Ao Haqa;IoroHa XX B. (O6p. 1). Or oco6eso BaxHocr e
rfarrr,l ve e nocrpoeH or aecrror A:rercuiiC:ran no BpeMero, Kofaro MeIHIII{ e croJru-rla Ha HeroBara Ar,pxara ( 1209 - 123 0 r.) u ecBt,p3zrn c HeroBu-{ curunuit or 1220 r.
Apxeo:roru.recnr.{Te npoyqBaHu{ Ha Ma-
HacTrrpa ca r-i3BbprrreHlr noA HayrrHoTo pT,-
KOBOACTBO Ha aBTOpa Ha HaCTO.[rIaTa CTaTr4t
rlpe3 1979 1982 r. u pe3ynrarrrre or rrx caorpa3eHr{ s roN.{ 2 or nopeAr{qara "Mennux"(Me:ruur 1994).
Hoeure goryrr,renrv lrMar u 3KJrroqrrreJruo
foJItMo 3HaqeIIHe KaKTO 3a rreroBaTa IzcTopl4'I,
TaKa I{ 3a r.rcropr.rrra sa Me:rsrm (Kocrona,2006). Tyx qe cnpa BHrrMarrrero clr BlpxyT.SX DIaBHO C IIeJI IIO-m,JIHO U3tCH.tBaHe Ha
cTaTyTa Ha MaHacTxpa I{ Ha [IbpBoHaqanHutMy apxr{rexrypeH o6pas.
Bescnopno nlpBocrelleHel{ rro 3Haqe-
Erre ocraBa cl{fanr4J{T (AapcrneHa rparr.rora),
H3AaAeH rrpe3 Meceq rHyapr{J r.{HAr4KTI4oH
ocMr.r, roArrHa 6728 (:1220) or HeroBrir KrH-Top Aecnor Aner<cufi Clan, or4asna llseec-TeH B HayKara (Papadopoulos, Vatop6dinos1933, 1-6; [yimel 1944,30-35, 311- 314;Mennar 1994, 1'7-19, O6p. 1). 3a csxare-Hr{e, npr4 HoBoTo npoyqBaHe r{ nperr3AaBaHe
520 Buaiefia Heutesa
Ha ro3lr AoKyMeHT ce oKa3a, r{e roil e :anaseHer,g Baronea He B opr-irr4uan, KaKTo ce cqu-Tarrre aocefaj a B Kotru.' - ABe cTapuHHLr I,I
enHo MoAepHo (Actes de Vatopedi, 2001, l\b13, 124). Tr,fi raro reKcrr,r My e pa3rneAaH
nogpo6no B rlocoqerloTo cIeqIIaJIHo Ii3Aa-
Hr.re 3a MaHacrupa (Heureea lga4. 22 )7).TyK UIe 3acefHa CaN{O OHe3n qaoTr4 OT HefO,
Kolrro ca B:bB Bpb3Ka c locoqeuara qer. HanTrpBo M.{cTo, .uoKyN{eHTT,T Xapa(Tepr43r{pa
.{ecnor-C:raeonara o6uren raro uai-pau-Hr.rr 3acera BlraAereficxr4 NraHacrup or XIII n.
n 6r,rrapcxure :evra. Orue B Haqalruara MvqacT MeHr4Tu.5{T kTHTOp Ir3T6KBa, rle TO3II
"uecmeu :vaHocmup" e nocrpoeH "e no.,vert
u )tto.num6e t!o.l,t u tn ttawume podumenu u
HA ACUI|KU OHe3U, KOU0IO . Ltcllfltn U GtpEAm
6nazoqecmtrco" . T. e. roii r4Malr B:b3crroMeua-
TenHr;r nuTyprr,rqecxr.i Qyrmquu 3a npocnaBarra ocHoBareJr.rr My u r{a HeroB}rr pog. I4s-rpaxAaHero My e craua:ro "6tpso" u "edtnvacm Ho Mewtux", cneA rrpeMecrBaHero Ha
Crae or nr)pBara uy pesngerrqu.a I{erena
(nplr AH. c. AopKoBo. lla:apgxuurxa o6:racr)B TO3U rpaA r.1 lpeBpsrqaHero Nry B cToJrHu-
Ha Ha HeroBara "dtptrasa". ]4:,ulrrrrar e lrxparnr ("vodv>). Maaacrrapr,r 6ri:r na3oeaH
"ua ultetno Ha Hautama npequcma zocnodap-ra Bozopodtn4a Cnuteomuca". Heroe nplnurylren 6ul llane:r K;raeguononlrrJ MoHax,
cerHe - apxr.rNraHAplir. C nogxpenara uaCrae roii craHa;r MaJrKo Iro-KbcHo rrpr,B Mrrr-pononr{T sa Me,ruprx u Cepec. Terminus antequem 3a roea 6erexl4 r.r:6upauero Ha eArrH
JraruHcKr.r npenar 3a apxuenucr{ol Ha Cepecp* 1212 r (Actes de Vatopedi 2001, Nr 12,
Notes- I20uqur.rur.).,{ecnorrr orpexAa rlpBocre[eHHo
MqcTo Ha \,raHacTr4pa B qspKoBHfi.q xrBoT Ha
rpaga, Hapuuafirt4 to "decnonxcKu u r1apcrcu"
("6sonotrrq rci uvurctopmrl"), c none-rsra. qe cnel cMLpt ra uy "mpn6e0 oa ubocHa3()6au om etademe,tcrca ptKa q pcKu ,va-uacmup" ("po,or),rr<i1v [p]ovilv"). Bcuuxo,Koero 3HaeM sa Crae I{ 3a ornorncHu{Ta My
cT,c cEBpeMeHHHTe My OKOJTHH BJIaAeTelrr4.
O6p. l. Apxusua cHuNKa Ha Metuux (uau. ua XX s.) c aHacmupa
rybpKsuma "Ce. Cme(tau " u oaame Mumpono.itumcKa 4bpK*a
" Ce. E ozop odu rya Cnut eomu ca ""Ce. Hurco.ta Vydomeopetl " .
Me;tlttutxttnrn natacnrp ,,Ca. 6ozopodu4a Cn@*teomuca" (,,Ce. 3aua") e uoeu daxyteunttt 521
BKJr}Or{HTeJTHO flpOCnaeara 3a Hero B Kl,cHlI-re Ao6aBKri Ha Cr.rHoAr.rKa Ha BopHn, Hr4 AaBaocHoBaH e ,[a aon) cHeM. qe B To3r4 cBoi1 3a-
BeT Tofi e rrMan npe,4BuA Hafi-BeporTHo BJIa-
/leTeJr oT AuHacTu.sTa Ha AoeHeBrlrr, c KotTo
6ur cerp:an Kpr,Br{o B Hari-6nr3Ko po.[crBono-\lranHr vy nhpBH 6parosvel no Mai'i-
rruHa nuFrr4{ qap tr4ean Acen II (121 8 - 1241)unr.r HqKoii oT HacneAHr.{qrrTe My Ha TpoHa.
,{pyr e nrupocr,r AaJrr.r lr [pe3 1220 r Aec-rroT6T BCe OUle He e xpaHer{ HaAexar{ caM AacTaHe rlap, Koero npo3llpa B onpeAeneHHeTo
I{a MaHacTlrpa KaTo "decnomcxu Lt \apcKu" trB Mon6al'a Ha Murponoln4T llanel K:raegrao-
rIoJtHT I(6r{ Bora C:rae Aa sana3u rlapcr(ara cr{
Bnacr ("Fo[or]"ei(crv)>) a 3anerqannero vyo't 1216 r. (Actes de Vatopedi, 2001. Ns 12,
119, 122).
,{arru crreg rpxcteArlHqBaHero Ha 3eMH-
Te My KBM Er,rrapux npe3 1230 r rroBeirqraoT cr{I}IJrL{t e 6Hna u3 6nHeHa, He e rcHonopaAu nr.{ncara Ha rr.{cMeHr{ u:eopu. Toea
o6a'{e e Ha[],nHo AonycruMo, Karo ce uNrar
npeABr{,u foJreMr{Te rpri)Ku Ha tr Inan Accn II3a llT,pKBara, or e.4Ha crpaHa, a or .{pyra, qe
B Tpu aKTa or BaroleAcKrire apxuBrr or KpaJ{
Ha XIII - Haqaroro Ha XIV B., Koraro Men-HLIK e IIoI Bu3aHTI{iicKa sracl "C[Ir4]leotLr-
ca" e Hapeqerr, IraBrprro Ber{e rpal(I4IIr4oHHo
"noumeu utlnepomopcKL! r.anacmup" ("oe-pc,opic poor)"u<fr povit>) (Actes de Vato-pedi,2001. NrNr 20,21, 36).
B lpyr aKr or FraqaJroro ua XIV s.(1319120 r?) u3pu.rHo ce crtoNreHaBa. rre ra3t,r
o6lrrel ce HaMrrpana B KacrpoHa rra Me:r-Hur< - "dvtd1q) roi Kdoxpot [Me]"evirorospootiioq'? I povnq,.."), r. e. BT,rpe B rpa-ga Meruux, 3a pa3nxxa or Manacrupa "iioanflpogpor,roc", xofir'o 6ri:r nserH Hero - "[6(to-Osv toi) oorlo l:[d,]orpor" (Actes de Vato-pedi 2001 . N, 5 2. 2q9. 302.;. Toea ) roqHeHree MHOfO Ba)r{HO, 3arqOTO HSKOU OT H3CJIeIIOBa-
relr.rre na MelnuK nocefa .g I,{AeHruc}uquparnorperxHo c PoxeucxH.s Marracrxp, orcro.rlqna 6 rlr or lpaga.
fh,peouavalno "Ce. Eoropoglrqa CnH-reorlica" e 6ur noa ropuclrrxrlr{rra na Me,r-
Hr4rrrKara Murpoflon[r{. Cslraerercreo sa
ToBa e 4aKT6! qe BbnpeKx 3HaqlrreJrHl.rre
orpaHr4qeHra.s! rouro Anencui Cras Haro-r{r{n Ha MI4TponoruTa B cuf[nr4s no oTHou]e-
Hr{e HaMecaTa My B AenaTa u r{MyIIIecTBoTo
Ha cBerara o6urer (.{orynreHTbr e cbcraBeH
Hafi-BepoqrHo cneA cMT,prra Ha npuBreqeHu.srr ronepHpaH or .qecnora IIaBeJr KnaBAuofio-
nur), Toii He orMelrl{ aAMunllcrparuBHoroMy 3aA6nxeHr{e "da ymetptrdae a uzy.\rcHu-
me, Koumo c 6tdeu.1e L4e ynpat.ttsanl .rntn-cmttpa", Karro rrpaBeJr llaee.[. enAHo or 3a-
BeuaHDeTo Ha apxEeper. Ilo-naraTr,x o6a.Ie
craryrlT My ce npoMeH.s. Toii crana cranpo-ruflraJrelr MaHacTI.Ip, no,(r{uHeH Ar{peKTHo Ha
Koncrarrrr.rrrononcKrrg narpl{apx. To:u tf arr6eue fi:eecteH. Ho c Her{cHa,uara. llarpzap-rrrecxr.r aKT or Baronegcrtr.r apxnB cno lararfl na ce yrorlHr{ (Actes de Vatopedi, 2001, Ne
33). C nero narpuapxtT Ha3HaqaBa 3a uryMeH
Ha N{aHacrr4pa iiepououax Me;rernoc. tr4:4a-
TeJrriTe npeAnafaT pa3nuqHH ,4aTu rla aKTa:
1301. 1316, 1346 utm 1361. Haii-nepomHa,cnope! Hac, e 13 16 r, uex.qy Aarara 1 304 r.
Ha qrirr.rpaHur no-rope aKT No 36, e rol'rroMaHacrr.IpbT e HapeqeH "nunepamopcxu" urepuo,4a 1345 - 1311r, Koraro MeJrHu[r(ararItpKBa e rrplrrlaAnexana ntu fleqrata lat-plrapr rrs (Maranoe 1997 , 191).
Cr-,q6oeHo 3a MaHacrlrpa cr6rarae e npe-
AaBaHeTO N{y BT,B Bna,{eHHe KaTO NIeTOX Ha
Aroncrus Baronegcru MaHacrup or iiourtYurerr (1365 1371), e:ra4ererur na Cep-
cncara cpr,6cra nbpxxBJ. g .iurito upcre.rH
ce Har{fipalr H Melnux. To:lu craryr ce :a-Ia3lrn Io pyxBaHeTo rr r.r3ocTaBrHeTo Nry BHaqaJroro Ha XX cro:rerHe. Cr,6nrnero Ao-cera Setre H3BecrHo or MHoro ro-KbceH
AoKyNreHr Ha rlaplfpaAcKr{r rrarpnapx JIy-Kapnc, or 16301163l r.. 6e:l ga e yloqHerla
,{arara ry (Heureea 1,994,2'7 u qur. ,rrnr.).
Or noeouyb;rulcyBaHr.{.s uHBeFrrapeH orIHc
Ha MaHacTupcKoTo uMyuecTBo oT apxHBa lraBaronca pa:6npalre. qe ro ce e cnyquno Ha
15 .anyaprl, prHIuKrHoH 3, 1365 r. (Actes de
Vatop6di 2006. Is 120). 3a cr,xarreuue, aK-
rr-r na Yuerrr nulcsa. Taxa Clasosara o6u-
522 Buorcna IIc l?Ra
Ten 3ary6llna 3aBIIHafI,I cBotTa caMocTo-gTeI-
HOCT 3a MOMeHTa MOXe 6H He MHOfO 6na-rorp qrHa rro3rrrlrrr (Eoxluot 2007, 14I),HO IIpe3 CneABaIlLITe BeKOBe Ha OCMaHCKOTO
BraAur{ecrBo oc}rrypr{na ir cepuo:Ha :arpn-na or eALIH ot nafi-lrorqnrare Atottcrg vaga-cTl4pr4r C fOJrrMO BJrrrrHr4e Bspxy qbpI{oBHHt
xuBor B Memrrar, r.I rurrno or I1apufpaAcKri.[naTpHapx, BHIrro oT AoKyMeHTr.rTe oT erroxa-ra (HeureBa 1994,27 -28).
B unneurapnux orrr4c ce ctAtpxar fi3-KJIIOqIITeJIHO qeHlII4, MaKap U IaKOHHTIHT,T
AaHHr'r 3a crpaAHr.r{ $on4 Ha MaHacrripa H
3a lrMylrlecrBoro My Kr,M 1365 r. (Actes deVatopddi 2006, N 120, 299-304). Ecrecr-BeHO BT>3Hr4KBa BBIIpOCT,T - CB6p3BaT nrr Ce
Te c apxeonoruqecxrrre pa3ItpLITu.[? 3a aa ce
oTfoBopr.I IIEJIHOIIeHHO Ha TO3r.r BlnpoC, e He-
o6xogr.ruo Ia cc HanpaBr{ o6eKTfiBHa cr,ttoc-tanra lrexgy :txxl.
Mauacrr.ipar e pa3rronoxeH B6pxy repa-ca B r.r3TorrHr'r-{ Kpai;i na Melsumxara Kpenocr(nlaroro "Cn. Huro;ra" IoxHo Ha.4 aner-uur{trpaA) (O6p. 2). Organev rori u:r:rexga c.n-
KaIX r43pacTHan OT rrOqTL{ OTBeCHaTa CKaJra.
KaveEHHre orpa"qHll creHLI cneABar ecrecr-eeHl.rre i{ oqepraHr{r, Karo B AoJTHHTe cu qac-
TIi Ca noAnopHl{ 3a cKaTaj aHajrofl{r]Ho Ha
Blagerelcrara pe3rlAeHllrzt, HaMvpaJla ce B
cpeqylonoxHrzr Kpaii Ha npenocrra. Mlc-TOTO e eK3OTrrqgO XLiBOIIITCHO, yCaMOTeHO,
npeApa3nonarauo KT,M eAurreHr{e c Eora l.t
cT,qeBpeMeHHo cTpaTer[qecKo - c IxHpoKaBI.I,4UI,rOCT KT,M rlrrJraTa OKOJIHOCT rr KT,M fpa-Aa B no,4HOXr{eTO Ha KpenOCTTa, C AHpeKT-rr,a Bu3yan:ua rr nBTHa Bp63Ka c I {rlrage:raraI4 - Koero e oco6ego BaxHo - c6c craparaMarpononzr u c rltp(Bara ti "Ce. HaKora".To uir,ra:ro craeata Ha "cgsro lrlcro", xl4etooT no-paHHo BpeMe rrMano MoHarrrecKr.r cKr.rlIroMecreH B MaJrKa nerqepa (onil]"o,rov), r43-
I flpoQ. 14. EoNnrog cswra. qe aaFrHure or Ao-kJMeHTa Cep o3HO Ce pa3M[HaBaT C apxeoJlofrlr{e-crure (Eoxnroe 2007, 146). Tosa MHeH{e He orro-Bap{ Ha }.IcTwHaTa, KaxTo ce Brrxaa oT cjreABarqr{TepenoBe B HacTo{lqaTa cTaT[c.
4sr6aua B cKara! fipr{quHa 3a npo3Buulero"CrureorNca" na Eoxqsra Mafixa e nagsa-uuero vy. Tx 6tr-na BXJrK)qeHa B MaHacrrrpc(a-Ta Koucrpy(q[s v H3noJ]3BaHa fi npe: XIX a.(O6p. 3). lorpar on{}"ur"ov ocraHarro KaroeAHo or Ha3BaHlrfi]a ua r'rosautecrara o6w-rer, na 6rnrapcrtrl - "Cs. Cnil:t". llpe: Br,:-paxgauero, naii-BeporrHo, Ho He Iro-pauo orHaqa;roro na XVIII e. Eoropogl.rruara qr,pr-B,a 6ura nperaN{eHoBaHa, cnopea eIrroHMeH-Hr.rq BaronegcKr.r napaKnr{c "flovuyicr trlgo,1iaq, Zoivlq" - "Eoropogzqa na Cserasllorc", xoero B cbKpareH aug craralo "Ce.3oua", sanaseno n Ao AHec. B gor.yrvreHrure
or BTopara noJroBHHa sa XVII B. T.s olqe e
"Cn. Eoropogzqa Cnr.r.:reorraca".
Apxeo:roruvecxr.ire AaHHH orKpo.sBar ABaocHoBHr.I cTporrTenHrr nepr{ola Ha Mar{acTr.rpa
npe3 cpelHoBeKoBr.rero (Haqanoro ua XIil e.;xpam na XVI e.) u egun npe: Bt3paxAaHero(XVIil e., c peMoHrr.r u npe: XIX e.). Cr,roc-TaBeHr{ c ucropfiqecKtrre ct6trrux, re no:no-nrBaT Aa ce AorrycHe, rre trocTpoqBaHeTo My ecraHaJ'Io vexn) l20g n l2l I r.
IIr pnouavanno 3aeMaHara or Heto rrnofilB!3JrIi3aJra rra oKono 1650 xe. u. flpllpo4nuKaraKJrrI3Mri (:euerpecenua) [pe3 BeKoBere
AOBenr{ AO CpyTBaHr4.s B npolacTTal 3aeAHocT,c cKaTa! Ha qacTI,I oT Hefo LI Ta3r4 rulolu3HAI{IiTCJIHO CE HAMANUJIA.
flrauosara r{ npocrpancrBe}rara My KoM-
fio3nqr{r npe3 nT,pBr.ir [epHoA e or KracrFre-cKIr run c HtKor{ oco6enocm, flopoleHr.I orcnequtfuxara Ha repeHa (Heurena 1994,36cr., O6p. 8a, 6) (O6p. 4 1, 2). Ancar,a6r,:rr,r ce
ctcror-rr or ABe qacru - npegBepxe (or ror) nc:r,rqlrHcKa MaHacrr.rpcxa crpaAa (or cenep). BAyxa Ha enoxaTa cbuluHcKama aHocmupcKaczpada 6uta r.r3rpaAeHa Karo 3arBopeH apxa-Ter$ypeH ancalr6ln or naii-ueo6xogralrurenocrpofixu - Tpane3apr.T.s c r.ryxru (varepuu-qa) n eogoxpanurulqe, cT,qeraHr4 n e4rzu o6euB rofoH3ToqHltr T,fI'n, Tpu noMellleHllt - vry-MerrapHr.rrla! eBeHryaJrHa 3alra ga rocra u 6rz6-nraorexa norpail 3anaAHa orpaAHa creHa Mex-ay nopTaTa u qbpKBaTa, NroHarrrecKr{ Kr4Jrr{u
B CeBepHaTa I4 I,BTOqHaTa qaCT, BCIIqKI-rTe 3a-
Muuuutxuam tauacmup ,,C0. Eozopodu4a Cntneanuca" (,,Ce. 3oua") a uoeu dot1r'.ueumu 523
ninf6tf6tf6tf-Grt
Marrorc yiperneH$e / &rlalerorffa p$fl.a€xqrt
ULpt€ -C€. HHk6na" / CTryra rMrpononnri
Mal€cnlp "CB. Ap,:}lrenH -"C8. xaparE|,lf}rA
Malr8dtp -Cr, EorapoArlra Cl1,rr€ol}rc6" {-C€. 3sla"}
ApxeorErll.e€kx par(pr$}lF
O6p. 2. Cnaeoca xpenocm. ApxeoirozuqecKu npoyuzaHutr 1966 2004 z. O6t4 nnau(no IL fiu.vumpoq E. Kpoudeea).
O6p. 3. Mauacmupbm "Cs. Eoeopoduqa Cnuneomuca" cned pasrconrcume.
524 Buotema HeuLeea
fpaxlaqrr Bl,Tpe reH nBop, B cpeAaTa Ha Kor{-
ro ce Haiuupana rIT,pKBara "ce. EoropoAzqaCualeoruca" (O6p. 5). Ilopagu teunee:raqu-tra Ha repeHa nprl3eMllsra 6u.nr'r penrenz uaIIo-HHCKI{ Hr.iBa OT ABOpa, a CaMUfT IBOp - Ha
,qBe lrr{Ba, cB6p3aHr4 cr,c crbn6a. FIa lr'peoroHuBo 6lrna o(bopMerra [peAcTaBETeJr]raTa qacT
rra MaHacTltpa, B KorrTo ce [poHliKBano pe3
MaHacTr{pcKfiTe .qBepr{ B roxHaTa otpaAHacreHa r{ npoxol. Ha ropulrre eraxu Ha Kpura-Ta, a fipu crpaArrTe c MoHauecKr4 Kr4JrHr{ u Ha
npll:eMHrire eraxr.r, 6r.r:rz o$oprraeua .rap4a-
qr{. qpe3 Trx n qpe3 AlpBeHlr crr,l6lr ce ocl-rrlecTBrBanlt BepTr{KanHr4Te 14 xopLI3oHTaJIHLI
lrpocrpaHcrBeHz rz SyHxquouamrn Bpr,3Kr{
MexJIy MaHacrr.rpcxlrre noc'rpoiKr4, u3rpaAe-HI{ MHoro paqaouanHo (,{ouena-Togopona,
1994, 75-86, O6p. 1 - 8). Ma.rxara egnoro-pa6na a erHoarrcl{l{Ha MaHacrupcxa rIbpKBa
6nra 6oraro yKpaceua cbc creHHa )xlrBonr{cJ
$paruenra or Kosro ce orKpr{xa npa pa3Kon-
xare (flpanrxon 1994,81-91, O6p. I Vf.Ilopagu cr:parerarrecKr4 cr,o6paxenur
u orpaHrrqeHocT Ha Br,TperrrHoTo npocTpaH-
0TBO 3arlr.rTHaTa hTna ce r43Ar4fana B IoxHLr_s
Kpaii Ha repacara! r{3Bsrr ocnoBHara MaHa-
clHpcKa crpa.na. Kato Bp63Kara i,r c set ceocBIIecTB.{BaIa qpe3 npolBnxeHr{e IIa u3-TOqHaTa OfpaAHa MaHacTHpcKa cTeHa IIo Be-
Herla Ha rnaroro (O6p. 4, I , 2).Ilpeddeepuemo ocraHano ornpr.Tro ao
Kpar ua XVi n (O6p. 4, 2). To cBT,p3Baro
noAxoAa ItbM MaHacTupa oT lofo3a aA c nop-Tara My, Kolrro 6r4ra nlicoxa, gnyrprira, c o6-KoB r.{ KaMeHHa apxa (rpanur). Crrqenpeuen-HO B HeIO Ce pa3l]OrraraJr CTOIaHCKH'T ABOp
Ha MaHacrr4pa. B r<pafinara My ceBepo3anaA-tta qact 6lrlr.t Ll3BT,prxeHI4 HtKoJrKo norpe6e-HHr. Ilpelno,rara ce. se noxpaii clcHart orHrloK e nMaro,rerr nocrpoiixr.r H HaBecr..t.
Beponruo ryK lrnu (a) a o'rganeveHrl-x ceBe-pen xpaii na ocHoBHara MarracrupcKa crpaAaca 6u:rn orrnexranu xr.reotul4-co6crseHoctHa MaHacTl-ipa, 3a KouTo cTaBa AyMa B cllrr4-nuq Ha Aecnor C-[ae. raro gap or nero, e 3a-Be IaHI4ero Ha llaser Klaeguono:rr.rr u oco-6eno s onnca Ha N{arracrspcrr4q rrHBeHTap or1365 r., e xofiro ca u:6poenu r<one, 6 xo:u,
16
O6p. 4 - 1. Mauacmupum "Ce. Eozopodu4a Cnuteomuca"- o6u1 rnax.
a
o-.1-*t "
" ntctu ua ntpcu cmpounleleu nepuod.O6p. 4 - 2. Mauacmttpum "Ce. Eozopoda1a Cnuteomuco
Mentruurxuum uauacmttp ,,Ce. Eozopodtnla Cnlaeamuca" (,,C6- 3oHa") s Ha6u doKy.ueH u 525
,.-$\u1.'--{.t
.u', ":.,=." it
lo
_ 't,.,.'ii/
70 npacera, a cnqo 30 nuennra xolrepa. BTO3r{ AO(yMeHT Ca Brrr{caHl.i KaTO HaJIttqHOCT
B MaFracrr{pa a 9 6rqsu (rolenl.i H Manrr.r),rouro rp.r6ea 4a ca 6uln B H.rrKoe or KaMeH-
Hr.rre nprreMr4r Ha nocrpofiKlire B 3arBope-nlr-r aucav6r:t, Kar{To r{ uucrpytreuru (4ee6pa4nu, vara, Ar,rren, cKenaplroH, MaHrar,cKapa! IBe rrapocTr.{}r, MeIeH Ka3aH, cTOMHa,
6axtpeno Ayxaro) (Actes de Vatopddi 2006,N 120, 304; EoNuloe 2007,145).
B onacaHu{ BI4A MoHarnecKara o6urel[pelcTaBnsBana Man(a I{pe ocT, npufoAeHa3a caMocrorterHa or6paHa. qacr ot o6uta-Ta yKperrrlTenHa cucreMa Ha MelnHx npesXIII - XIV B. u eAHa or HeroBure rpaAoyc-TpoicrBeHH AoM.lIHaHTr{. Oco6eHo eaNHo3traqeHr{e :la or6pauara Ha Kpenocrra r.rMana
3ar{r4THara hTna.
fl:spooro pa3pyneHae B MaHac'rxpa ceKOHCTaTqpa nO apxeoJlofaqecKn AaHHtr K5Mcpegara ua XIII B., Koraro noxap e o6xearrarrlbpr(Bara H qacrurrHo nocrpofixure loxpaiiorpaAHrrre crena, :aclrafirr4 npeArrMHo ATlp-BeHrrre rrM vacru (rplr q:bpKBara - u qacrr.{
or creHHTe ir or azrox). Bt3craHoeseauero
r=E!=----n-F!:=r
crasaro 6r,p:o. IIpe:t nr,pBara [oJroB]tHa r{irr{cpeAara Ha XIV e. roii orHoBo nocrpaAan,uoxe 6u npa 3eMerpeceHneJ Karo ro3rz 116T
ur,pKBara 6ura pa:pyrueua Ao ocHoBu rz 863-cTaHoBeHa BeAlIara IIo nT,pBoHar]aJIuI{t IIIaH.IIpe: nropara rroJroBuHa Ha XVI B. qenurrMagacrnp 6urr ornoeo pa3TlpceH or 3eMe-
TpeceHHe, pa3pyltruno MHoxecTBo cfpaAr4no rpaAa. Tolasa ce cpyrr4na B npoflacrraceBepHaTa, no-Hr4cKa Tepaca Ha c:r,qr.rHcKa-
Ta MaHacTllpcKa cfpaAa u c ToBa 3HaqLITeJIHo
ce HaMaJILITo BtTpelxrroro ir npocrpaucreo.I{r,preara "Cn. Eoropoguqa" ce oxa:ara e
Kpa{ Ha ABopaJ noiiro or cenep 6u:r orpanrr-qeH c HoBa creHa. no Hoeoo6pary ea,r r r ce
c:reg 6egcrauero BeHerl Ha repacara.flpu er,:craHoe.rnanero (eropz crpoure-
neH neplroA), Koero crauaao 6es npeKtcBarre Ha
)Kr{Bora B MaHaclr4pa, qr,prnara 6ula :orpa$u-caHa r.r orBT,Tpe, lI orBr,r{. Brrpeutrrlre crenllrra Tpane3apE Ta }I Ha uryMeHapHr{rlaTa cs Io6rl:ra usnucaHr'r. llprr pa3xonKraTe ca HaMepeHH
u:6:regnem $pantreuru or ra3ri x<r'rBolrllc Ha
n.rrcro. 3a cT,xalreHlre, onurllTe ga 6rgar cna-reHlr H crraceHl,I ce oxa:axa 6e:pe3y.lTrarFllt.
Odp. 5. Mauacmuptm "Ce. Eozopodu4a Cntneomuca", cbuluHcKanla ttauaanupcxa cepada, n.upeucmpoumsxeH nepuod. Apxunteronvpuu peKo cmpyKquu (no apx. B. ,\oueea-Todopoea): Ilnau.
526 Buox"na He tPca
flpeg :anagnara crelra Ha ocHoBHarta Ma-
HacrHpcKa crpaga 6lura r.r3rpa.qeua orle eAHa
cTeHa, 3arBapsna KopH.qop npeA cKaJrrrlrr cKrr!uuiiro nxo4 6u:r exrroqeH B rrbpBouasaJrHa-
ra KoHcrpyKqr{r. flpe4geepuero 6mo c:sruo
ofpaAeHo oT 3arraA c6c 3arra3eHa Ao .4Hec BT,B
BlIyIIII.ITenHI-i pyI4Hr.I KaMeHHa CTeHa! C KOH-
Tpa$opcH. Beporruo ro e npoAT,Dru{no Aa rr3-
nr,mrrna tpynxqurra Ha croraHcKr{ ABopJ Ho B
Helo ce pa3Bun HHTeH3T.IBHO r{ HeKpOrrOn.
B naqaroro na XVIII B. craHaJrrr HoBlrrracTrrrrHlr pa3pyrxeHn.{, BeporTHo ITaK npr]3eMerpeceur.re. Aocra nocrpaAana rIT,pKBara,
Ko.qro npu peKoucrpyKrlrr{ra 6rzra crrcesaoT 3aIIaA, I]O I]I{CMeHU IaHIIII - C HOB IiKO-
uocrac (1727 r.) fi noKpHB (1731 r). !o nero'f ceBep rro cbrrloTo BpeNle fiJIrI MaJrKo tro-xr,cuo 6u:t tt:gr.rrHar HoB eAHoKopa6eH Mzt.tr,x
xpaM - "CB. Cnrapugon", Koiiro orpiu(AanMauacrnpa or cenepo:anag2. Bspry pyr.ruureHa 3arlrlTHara xyla 6ura r{3rpaAer{a cronaH-cra nocrpoiina.
Taxa uanacrr.rptT rTpocElrrecrByBan aoHaqalroro na XX n., Koraro 6lrn pa3pyrrreH r{I43OCTaBeH npH rOnrMO 3eMeTpeceHr4e, C[O-
nersro MerHux npe3 1904 r.J c errurleHr:bp
Kpecua-Kpynnux.Krnr nero npr.{HaAne)(a;ra o Ie eAHa
IlT,pKBa, pa3nonoxeHa u3B6H M aIIacTLIp cKI{Te
cTerII, Ha MaJIKa nnoqaAKa oT loro3arraA, rrorrtTeKara, rrABau{a or MaHacrr{pa "Xapanalr-rufi". Ts e Syur<quonupana Karo KocrHr{rla
.4o BTopara rroJroBrrHa na XIX s. lr e c6uoeArloropa6la r{ eAHoalcr.rAHa. c HeroJleMrlpa3Mepl.r, or rl{na Ha rapaKnr.icure (O6p. 2).flo rarrHa or pa3KorrKHTe. uaranHoro r,r crpo-r.iTejrcTBo ce cBbp3Ba c BTopIit cTpoIITeneH
lepuoA Ha ancau6'sla - Kparr ua XVI s., cpa3py eHHe n peKoHcTpyKrIHq B HaqaJrHr.rTe
Aecerr.rreru-s Ha XVIII n. Tq e 6rara nocsere-nana Cs. llzurrenerinou (llerpoe 1994, 115).
Ctctanuterure Ha [HBeHTapH[{ ofir{c
r Cnopeq E. @u:ron, ro:u napaKJlrc, Ha3oBaH
or Hero "Ce- Cr.rMeoH", tBHo rlo norpeulro cBeae-
Hne or MecrHri xuTerr.r, 6n,'r flocrpoeH npe3 1883 n(flerpoe 1994, I l5).
or 1365 r. ca or6erqsanu MaHacrr4pcKr e no-crpoiixra e noc:reAoBarenHocr, orroBap-qfiIa HaT{XI]AIA 3HAqI,IMOCT 3A MOHAIIICCKI'I XI{BOT _u:r,pxBu, MoHarnecKLt Kulrxr4, rpane:apru (Ac-tes de Vatop6di 2006, Nq 120, 303-304).
I]:spxnure ca o6ossaqesr c pa3nxr{-HI4 TepMrrHr-r. CnolreHasar ce ABa napa(-nuca ("Inopo]x],r1or.Icr] 6rio"), ex:recux"[i]n<)"r1or[o,q]", naoc (''vo,ou>). Tona ue6uea ga HH noABexJIa npu onpeAeJlrrreroHa 6po.fl a*t. Karo Haocr KaKTo Ilocotrvx no-rope, e or6eru:au xpaMGT Ha MaHacrupa Bctrtr4rrrfl Ha gecnor C:ras or 1220 r. <Haoc>H (eKJII{CI{') Ca CIIHOHT.TMU B |p6IIKLIS e3r.r(.
o3naqaBar xpaM, uEpKBa. Cnugerencreo orXIII n. e 3anerqaHuero Ha llase,'r KnaBrr.rono-nr4! B Koero Mnrponorr4TcKara qtprea "Ce.Hr.rxora" e cnoNreHara nBa rrbrrr - eALIHll-sr
rrT,r Karo uaoc ("vodq>) r.r Broplt 116T Karoerrrucur ("6rrc?"r1oicrv>) (Actes de Vatopddi2006, }\l 12, 119, \22, 123). C:regoeare:ruo,IrMa ocHoBaHr{e Ia ce nprreMe, rre Te3Ir ABeonpe,qeneHHrr B pa3mexaaHr.tq HrrBeHTapeH
orrr{c ce oTHacrT.r{o eAHa r.r c6rqa IIBpKoBHacrpaga. Or6enasaHrrre B AoKyMeHTa rrerrrp[JryKco3HLI aKoHH Ha Boropo4uqa, HaMr.rpa-
:rr.r ce e "eKrucuqra" Ha uanacrupa, eAuaraIrpeAcraBrula nefinoro Vcnenue - BcnqKrrrec o6KoB, Mr.rHaBan no KoHTyprrre ua o6pa:a ac yxpaca or euafil tr nepnu (Actes de Vato-p6di 2006, Jtlo 120, 303; Boxnroe 2007, 142),ca Hect,MHeH apryMeHr 3a lrAenruSllqupane-TO Ha Ta3I.I qSpKBa C UIaBHI4.S MaHaCTUpCKI{
xpaM, 3a noiito gsaeu or Cnaeoeu.f, curtrmliiu '{vffro pyliHr{ ca ycraHoBeHr{ flpu apxeono-rr4rlecKure pa3Kolrr4 rroA cera rHr.t.{ Eoropo-AfiqeH flapaKnfic, oT BTopLIt cTpor4TeneH IIe-puoA no BpeMero ua orfoptrluero Ha onr.rca(O6p. a l). Karro rl:rsxtraxMe, ro3u xpaMHMar rrJraHa, pa3Mepr{Te tr o6:rura ua nr,peo-HaqarHu-s, or Haqalroro sa XIII n. CreH[rerr.ry 6ulr.r yxpaceHl.r cr,c creHonriclt Ir npe3XIV e., u:ln:brHeHli B cxeMaraqeH r.tKoHorru-
ceH MaHuep, rroBTaprq[ B AeKopaTHrrHaTacxeMa BeposTHo rrbpBaTa )r{r.rBonl{c, cblrlo oTHaqaroro Ha XIIIs. (Herueea 1994, 50-51).Kar<ro ce BHXIa or AoKyMeHTa, ubpxBara
MetuuuLxtnm Nanacttup ,,C6. Eo?opodu\a CnLreanuca" (,,Cs. 3oHa") s a6u datgtLeAnu 521
r.rMana boraTo o63aBexAaHe, oTroBaprlIlo HaHeiiHaTa npelcTaBHTenHocr u Ha nuTyprfiq-HHTe ir OyrrKquH: nr.rTyprurrHfi rrpeAMem r.r
T6KaHr4, CBeTLiJIHLIK 3a UKOHOCTaCa, fonrMcBerqHr.IK-KaFrAena6T,p; MeTanHa rrJraKa c
mapllap 3a nonflneit; Bepr.rta 3a o(aqBaHe,cpe6T,pHo KaHAr.rno c axypHa yKpaca; Ka-
! nHl.rur{ II,{cKoc t1 noTHp: n cK c 6HcepH H
eMaiinu, ol]Ie aBa Ar.rcKoca r{ rroTr4px; nfiryp-fIIi{HII TI)KaHI,i KOnpHHeHI-i BOaJIIIT 3aKaqaHII
rrpeA nKoHr{ una cnycKaHr.r npeA uapcr(r4Te
aBepH Ha IIKOHOCTaCa, elaTpaxrrJrrz, [IanKLT,
36 rurypruuuu KHHrr.r, fiorpo6no o[[caHr{(Actes de Vatopedi 2006, Ne 120.303; Eo-Nuroe 2007, 142-143). He e qcno Aanr{ cpeAT.gx ca ce HaMl4panu cnoMeHaTuTe B cIIfuiII{tHa Aecnor Cran Heroer4 AapoBe 3a MaHacrrr-pa - "caemu u:o6patreutn, cael4eHu KHueu
u ymeapu" (Heueea 1994, 17-19), Kaxro rd
cpe6r,pnHre u no3JrareHr.r nuryprurrHla npel-Merr{, Korrro lane:r Klaegllofionur My 3aBe-
rqan npe3 1216 r (Actes de Vatopedi 2001,Nr 12, 123). He ce :nae ti Aanrr Ao .uHec caoqenenv HtKol4 oT Te3II UeHHOCT .
LIIo ce ornac.s Ao ABara [apaKrnca! rsx-HOTO pa3rro3HaBaHe Ha TepeHa e no-TpylHo,nopaAr.I cr{nHo o6e:nuqeuure apxr.rreKTypHl{ocraHKI{ Ha MaHacrr.rpa. Apxeoloravec<raregaunu o6ave rro3BolUrBar Ia ce r43Kaxar xr{-noregfi. Ho npeAr{ ToBa rp{6Ba .qa rr3rcHuMKaKBO e 3HaqeHIIeTO I-Ia TepMI4I{a napaKnllc.C nero ce or6ersgea nra,rxa qsprea, o6ux-HoBeHo eAHoKopa6ua, r<axnato e r4 tJIaBHaraMaHacrI.IpcKa rIlpKBa Ha lranacrupa "Cutt-neorltca". B napax.ruca o6a.re H.sN{a ocBereHnpecroJr (o,rrapua rpane:a) n B Hero He cerr3B6prnBar exeAHeBHrr c.;ryx6u, a nr4Typ-rrrr{Hr.rre My SyHKTIaE ca orpanNveuu. flonprrHaAnexHocT ITpe3 cpeAHoBeKoBr4eTO IIa-parnr.rcqre ca AoMa[rHr (t|auu:rnu) qbpKBrr,
MaHacrlrpcl<r{, rpo6llrquu. llaparcnicu uoNeJlA I,IMA HA IIOCJIEAHI,I' ETa)K HA XIJI}IIIIHO.OT-6panure:nru I{Jrr.r caMo or6panurelnu rym.r(Xpemonara xyna n Pu:rcxru MaHacrr.rp r4
Ap.). MaHacrupcKuTe rrapaKlrr4crr, o6rzxuoee-HO npeAcTaBJUIBaqI4 aHeKCI{ K6M MaHaCTLIp-
cKIrTe rlspKBr.r, He ce cpeqaT MHofo trecTo
npes XIII -XIV B. u H.sMar crporo onpeAene-Ho Mrcro cnp.sMo rnaBuara rIBpKBa. Ilpuveprauua e Trplroeo - napaKnuc B lorou3Tor{Hr.ul
xpai ua qrpxeara "CB. CB. flerlp u flaaer"I{ napaKJI}rcH ceBepox3TorrHo ,{o rq'r,pxnure Nl8 na Tpare:uqa u l\q 14 na Ilapeneq, r'r rpu-Te MaHacrr.rpcrr.r ruu (eN. 9aneea-levencxa1988. 171). B Me;rsur rplrMep e qbpKBara
c anexc B MaHacrapa "Cn. Apxaure:rra"-"Ce.Xapalaunuii", HaMlrpan ce B cbceAcrBo cr,c"Cnureoruca" B xpeirocrra (Heureea 2006)(o6p.2).
B nnneHrapuu.l oItuc ce rocoqBa, qe B
eAuHrrr or napax;rncr{re ("rapcrr<},r1orv>)rrMaJTo ABe I.IKoHr{ - ua Eoropoguqa u nallpogpolrloc (:l{oan llpegreua, Kpr,crarer).Toea e l\4Horo eaxren tfaxr, KoilTo orrpeAent
@ynxuulra My Ha KoMMeMopua:reu (er:ro-ueHareneH) r.r:ru (li) lropryaneH rrapaKnrrcjT6il Karo I{I(oHHTe cr,craBir.f,Bar qacr or xa-paKTepHaTa 3a TaKr4Ba xpaMoBe KoMno3rrq[t(Aeficuc) (Mo:renue na Eoropoguqa u iloauKp:scutrer npeg Cnacxrerx 3a Ayrrrrlre Ha
rperunuqure). Ilaparnuca or ro3a BHA cacBtp3aHI4 vecro c norpe6eHur B Trx lrJru B
HerrocpeAcrBeHa 6nra:ocr 4o rxx (Maepo4rl-HoBa 1975, 24,6er. 65-67).
Br:lroxgo e locoqeuutr flaparntrc 1.acenoKanI43IIpa HeIIocpeAcTBeHo ceBepoH3ToqHo
,(o rltpKBara (CB. BoropoAr.rqan. Ha roBaM-trCTO Ca pa3Kpr.rTu OCTaHKTT OT rroMeqeHEe,cB6p3aHrr c nT,pBosaqa,rnoro ir crpor{TencrBo(Heuena 1994,50) (O6p.4, 1). Crenure uyca ce cpyTlrnr4 3aeAHo c6c cKaTa B npo[acTTaHali-Bepo.{rHo npr.{ 3eMerpecenr.rero, pa3py-rrrr4no MaHacTr.rpa npe3 BTopaTa rrojroBr{Ha rra
XVI e. Pa:q[creHa e MaJrKa 3arra3eHa qacr
or rroAa My! noKpI4T c Ma3r{JrKaJ lnpa6orenaMHoro u3.f,[IHo or 6rl xopocau, npl4Meceuc6c crrrno crryKaHa ryxna r nanogo6lnarqapo3oB MpaMop. jana4HHrr r,r rpa e racrr-IIeH OT OnTapHaTa CTeHa Ha BTr3pOX,UeHCKaTa
qr,prna "Ce. Cnuplrgon", Koero rroxa3Ba, qe
3arlaaHaTa cTeHa Ha noMe IeHI4eTo e ,4ocTI{-lala naii-uarxoto Ao cpeAara Ha rlspKBara rro
AlJrxr.rHara Ha Haoca ir. AsalourrHa [oAoBa3aMa3Ka e ycraHoBer{a B ABe Hr.rBa (or r<par
528 Buorcna fleueea
Ha X B. E or Kpar Ha XI - XII e.) B rltprBara"Ce. Axrzr" e npecna (MoDr66fiotl)roc, 1972,167,169,183). Oure npu pa3Konxr-rre craHascHo, rre noMerqeHHeTo ao rIbpKBaTa (cB.Eoropogrqo e r{MaJro pr.rryanHr.r $yuxqail.!o nero or Tof LI lt3ToqHo Kpafi ancaAara rrafJIaBHaTa qTlpKBa Ca pa3Kpr4TLI CTapaTenHO
r43Abn6aHr.r B cKaJraTa Tpr{ rpo6a or XIII B.,
3a cb)r(ajleHrre onpasHeHr{ npr.r KscHriTe
cTpor.iTenHLI pa6oTLI. HfiKaK He e r{3KJrrorreHo
rc na ca rrpHHa.[JrexaJ]u Ha noxoiirrnuu orceMeiicrBoro Ha Aecnor Clan u gopu roii 4ae 6tI:r e4ran or norpe6aHr4Te Ha roBa Mrcro.CeeAeHnero or uHBeHTapHr.r-{ orurc Mrr AaBayBepeHocT .{a cB6p}r(a on}rcaHr{Te ocK'r,aHuocraHKr,t or noveureHxe w tpo6osere c Ha-
JlUqHe H{KOfa IIa TOBa M.{CTO Ha IIapaKnI,IC
c Bs3rroMeHaTeJreH n MopryzrneH xapaKTep,
BT'IrpeKH qe He e B63MO)KHO.qa y3r{aeM He-
roBlrl{ rrJraH, rpa.4ex( u pa3Meprr. Tara uana-cTr.rpcKaTa qT,pKBa ce npaqucntBa K6M TrrrraHa qEpKBI4Te C aHeKCII C 81,3C[OMeHaTeJ]HL1
(nouueuopuamru) marypru.recxr.r $ynxqr.ilt(Babi6 1969, 47-58). Toea npuAaBa Ha rlerrr-{t
MaHacrxp "Cnureor[ca" Bb3rroMeHareJ]eu
xapaKTep, KaKTo e fioxenan B cr{funHt cIiIrpoKTarop:br A:rexcrdi Cnae (nx. no-rope).Heo6xogtuo e ga ce or6elexu, r{e 3a pa3py-
IIIeH HtKOTaUIeH rlapaKnlrc Ha CT,TUOTO MSCTO
crroMeHaBa B Ar{eeHara cu E. Olrnon (llerpoe1994, 11s).
B:roprur napar:ruc or orrsca e BT,3MorrHo
XI{TIOTETI,IIIFIO AA CC OTT,X.qECTBIi C EAI,IH I]O-
paHerr crpoHTeneH nepr{o,4 Ha MaHacTr4pcKa-
ra KocrHr{rla "Ce. llaHrereiiN{ou". llpr4 pa3-
KoIrKIare 6.rxa noucrarrpaHrr apxr.ireKTypnrrocraHKrr B rpalexa Ha creHr4Te ir or XIII -XIV n., xor.rro roraBa Ma ce cropr4xa FreAoc-
TaT:brII{r{, 3a Aa t npuq}rcJU{ K6M nT,pBoHaqan-
HOTO CTpOI.iTeTCTBO Ha MOHarreCKara O6r{Ten
(I{emeea 1994, 54- 56, O6p. 48). Aro ronae raKa, To Aarara Ha AohyMeHra - i365 r,ce rBrBa terminus ante quem 3a cbrqecrBy-BaJlero Ha ro3u xpaM, roiiro ne e cnoN{eHar
B currJrur ua Cras. He e lrgx:to.reHo o6a.{e
Aa craBa AyMa 3a crarHus crur (ont'1),cr,rov),
xoriro e oSopueH orB'brpe Karo napaKJruc r{
e $ynrqnoulrpa:r 6e: npexr,cnane ornpealrnocTpofBaHeTo Ha MaHacTltpa, Ao KpaJr Ha
XIX n. (Henrena 1994,56-57, O6p. 52).B 4oryuenra ca BrIricaHr.r gne rav6ann
("rcapna.var 6rio>). Teslr rr3KJrloqr.rrenHo
UeHHH \pHc r14rHcKr4 peJII.IKBH rpn6sa la can3rnexAantl Karo ABere xau6ann c HaArrr4cu
or XIII s., HaMepeHfi B rl:bpKBara "Cs. HuKo-ra" - xau6anara Ha AJeKcufi Clae, gap uaceetu Huxora or Mupa a ra:rz na fiepoN{oHaxTeogocufi, Aap rra cBerr.r Apxaurel Muxan:r(fepaculroea 2003). l{ogo6Ho Ha lrx, K:rM-
6asme sa "Cnrueoruca" cr.rrypno ca 6 nvAapoBe or caMr{r ,qecnor rrnn oT Apyfu apr{-cToKpaTr.I, finr oT IyxoBHx nr{qa B nep}roAaor FraqaJroro Ha XIII s. Ao 1365 r Br,npoclre K6Ae Moxe ga e 6ur'a qr,pronnara xau6a-uaplrl. OrronoptT He e e4rro:naveH. flpr.rno-npeAcraBrrreJlHl{Te elHoKopa6un rlrpK-BH, KaKBaro e rlTrpKBara "Ce. Boropoguqa",ry:rure-rau6anaptrr4 ca ce HaMr4panr4 rlecro
HaA npurBopa arr (9anena-,{eqeecxa 1988,171)- Tasu rl6pr{Ba e rauala npurnop. 3a cr,-xa[eHue, pyr.iHI.ITe ir ca cytltro o6e3nu.{en}iH B TqX He Ce pa3rtIITaT ocTaHKL{ Or Crt:r6a:a rau6anapul Ha M.f,croro uy. Toea ue or-\Brrpnr Bb3vo)KHocrra rr 4a e 6ala rav,oue fioBeqe, .re crcr6ara lroxe ga e 6unaoT .4SpBOJ HeOCTaBttqO CJreAr4 BT,B BpeMeTO.
Harr,,'rHo peanHo e o6aue rav6aHapur ra na e
6sra nouecrega LI B 3arqr4THara Kyna B ror{-uur rpafi Ha rrpellBepr4ero Ha MaHacrl{parma rl:sx nav6aglr e rrMaJro 14 Ha lBere Mecra,KaTO Ce UMa [peABUA, qe 3aqHT].raTa KyJIa e
luva:ra qpynrqulra 14 Ha eAHo or rpaAcKrrreyKpenneHus.
B unneu:rapnul omzc ce cIIoMeHaBareAuHaAeceT MoHarrrecKI{ KvItI]t4 H Tpane3a-pur ("rs)"icr 6vbercr [r(dr)] .cpdne(cr<),
Kolrro ce HaMupanu r{3B6H Haoca. Pe4r,r na3anucBaHe [oKa3Baj t{e KuJrrlure ca 6u:rn go
rpane3apr.rrra E no-6ruso Ao rlbpKBara! or-KoJrxoro caMara rpane3apr4.s. Tona ceegenuec6Bnala c apxeonofurrecKuTe pa3Kpr{Tr{J{ no-rpaii rz:ro.rnara otpaAHa creHa Ha cr,tqrrH-cftaTa N{aHacTHpcKa cfpa,4a, I.I3TorrHo u Ioto-r'rsToqHo or I-IbpKBara. Ocr:rguu, Ho KpacHo-
Mejtutturxuan uatacmup ,,Ca. Eoeopodur4a Cnu,Teantucct" (,,Ce. loua") e noau doxy,tteunu 529
peqr.IBI4 ocTaHKr.I cBLIAeTenCTBaT- qe Ha ToBaMSCTO CtbC CurypHocT e HMaJIO MOHaITeCKa
crpaAa c KunEr{ (HeureBa 1994, 45) (O6p. 4I, 2). Apx. loveea gonycxa, rre re ca 6unr4
oce\,r Ha 6pofi, paslo;roxeHu Ha eraxa IIacfpaAa c rrepAaK, quiro AoneH eTa)K e cny-xHr 3a cronaHcKrr qenr.r ([oueoa-Togopona\994,79). Crpagara e npoAtnxaBana rto-Kpafi creHrrre Ha MaHacrr{pa r.t B cpyreHaraMy ceBepHa qacT. Ha ToBa MrcTo ca Aonyc-rrlMu rlg6eHa roN{erleHriq c er rt Haa rrx 3a
croraHcKlt qeru.I, H fopeH erax c 16 xulnu.(Heuena 1994, 45; !o.rena-Togopoea 1994,77). Apxr.rrexrypHara peKoHcrpyxqlrr (O6p.5) e xunoreruuna no orHorrreHue ua 6pol Ha
KuJrLIItrer TT,II Karo ce ocuoBaBa Ha MHororarKo nIHHH or repcHa. Tpr6ea 4a ce Hva
npeABr.rlr r{e e B63MoxHo npe3 XIII B. Ma-HacTIlpT,T Aa e HMan rroBeqe or eariHaAecerruluu (u cT,orBerHo Molracu). CeegeuuerooT olluca oTpa3sBa cuTyaqur{Ta rpe3 BTopaTa
IIoJIoBtrHa Ha XIV B.. KoraTo no apxeonoflr-rIecKI4 ti HyMH3MaTUqH[ AaHHLI Ce KOHCTaTI.T-
pa cepl4o3eH I4KoHoMurIeC(U CIIaA B )KHBOTa
Ha MenHr4K, Koi,iTo cr{rypHo ce e orpa3r4n 14
BT,pXy MOTIaIXeCKI4q )XHBOT.
Br,npocr,r 3a rpane3apr.rrra e rro-ctlo-nren. flo lrpliHqun r.rl e 3a-rra c lrpaBotr:rreHIInaH, noBTapttqa rrjraHa Ha rJraBHaTa NraHa-
cTLIpC(a rIT,pKBa, B r{O{TO UMa xapaKrepeHapxr{TerrypeH Aeraiin - Ko}rxa, HeBuHaruI'I3rBeHa OTB6H, 3a CTOJIa Ha I.IryMeHa B qejl-Hara qacr Ha rpane3ara. Ctesute il ornt rpenafi-qecro ca ce yrpacsBaru crrc creHorru-cr.r. Taxosa rIoMerIeHHe npr.{ pa3KonKI4Te rree pa3xpqro. Ho u:r.rcxsaHero 3a c[TylrpaHe-To Ha rpane3apulra n naii-ygo6Hara qacr Ha
MaHacrripcxru geop, 6:ruso Ao rltpKBara r.{
Ao MoHa[ecKHTe Kl{JrHr.i (xaxro e or6ell-3arro H B orruca or 1365 r), BT,3r\roxHocrraIIpLI ManKLlTe MaHacTripri T,{ Ia He e oT.qeJr-
rra cfpaaa, a Aa ce pa3nonoxn B eTax HaAnpn3eMue c6c caMocTotTeJIeH BXOA OTBTIII
(Op),6v6oq 1958, 43-47'),3aeAHo c xapaKrep-Hu apxeoJroruqecru.r rraxoAxu (xepavr.rvHucr,goee, lpu6opn :a xpaneHe) aaBa ocHoBa-Hr{e 'foBa I]oNreuleHr.Ie aa ce noKanu3npa Ha
eTaxa Haa npLI3eMrreTo Ha crpaAa, qr4r-iTo ap-xr.rre(rypHr4 ocraHxu 6-axa pa:rpuru e roro-r.{3Toqr{ur T,rT,Jr Ha MaHacTr{pcKrls ABop, He-
rrocpeAcrBeHo Ao MoHalrecrrrr xopnyc (He-lrtesa 1994, 42-44; lo\eya-TogopoBa 1994,8l) (O6p. 4 I, 2). B Her ce rroMertaBarra r.r
MaHacrupcKara ryxu-* (uarepnuqa), I eo,r1o-
xpaH nHue-ta AoMaKr'{rrcKu qe,rn (c oreop:arrepneHe Ha BoAa Ha Me)KAriHeH eraxt). Tpa-rre3apurra n rarsu cnyuafi rrpeAclaBrrBanaIIpaBOSfTrnHO IlOMerI[eHUe C HaAJIT]]KHa OC
ceBep - u l1pe: nropua c'rpor4TeneH nepr4-
oA Ha NraHacrupa, s xpar Ha XVI 8., Bbrpern-Horo r.ry npocrpaucrBo 6aro yxpaceno crccreHonacu, Qparneuru or Koriro ce HaMe-
puxa npE pa3KorrKr.{Te cpeA pyuHnTe Ha no-correHara cfpaAa. Bb3MoxHo e )Kr4Bollic nae noKpuBana cTeHr.iTe Ha Tparre3apHqTa H B
Ha,raroro Ha XIII e. PeroHcrp; npaiixu rosaapxlrreKTyprro peneHr{e Ha cfpaAara, apx.B. louena npeAnara oxle eAuH Bapnarrr 3a
MecroHaxolxlleHae ro ir - B 3anaaHoro KpI{-no, Me)nAy BXoAa Ha MaHacTr4pa r{ rIbpKBaTa,KBIeTO CnOpe! apXeOjIOfUqeCKHTe AaHHU Ca
ce HaMupanr{ nryMeHapHxrla, 3ana 3a rocltlj6n6nuorera ({ouena-fogopoea 1994, 81;Herueea 1994, 45-47).
B uireenrapul.t.t orrlrc ce cnoMeHaBa, rle
MaHacTupl,T rrpuTelr(aBaJI B IIolrpaAHeTo Ha
Me:ruur eAHa crapa qbpKBa Ha froan llpo-Apor.roc, c Heiirroro auyrqec'reor. Toqsoro irMecToIIOJIOlteHI4e nOHC 3aCefa He NrO)Ke Aa Ce
ycraHoBn. IJr,pxna c raKoBa Ha3BaHHe e or-6ers:aHa e Cnuclx Ha rlT,pKBrzre or XIX 8.,ny6ruxyaan o'r fI. llepapu:e (Perdrizetl907 ,
21), uo no-ncpor{THo rr ce cBbp3Ba c eAuorr-MeHHa q],pKBa ts npeAABeprreTo Ha MaHacTl.i-
pa "CB. ApxaHre,ru"-"Ce. Xapalaunr.rri",Kosro caM tfpeucxurr y.ren onucea. Moxe6u razs, ga "Cruireoruca" aeue e 6u,'ra pa:-pyrxeHa. Manacruprr npr.irexaBan lr eAr.rH
Marbx Marracrup ("pov16prov") "Cn. feop-
I B n{cr4eH le ti3eopr 3a Me:lnuK or XIV e.
Tlpro8cKo-3aHarrqaiicrara vy qacrj T. c. rpalbr B
rrollHox eTo fia KpenocTTa fi.Ifi floafpaaueTor ce
03HaqaBa c rpbuKur replrxH eMnopnolr (dgnopiov).
5t0 Buonema Heweaa
rq", KoiiTo 3acera He Moxe Aa 6rge no-rov-Ho IIOKaJII43LIpaH. B Me:Irux, cnopeA noco-r{eHur CIIacT,K, r.rMal1o 4 q6pKBH, rrocBeTeHu
Ha CB. leoprr4.B ltueeHrapulta onllc ca or6err3ault
p9a no3eMneHlr HMoTr{ Ha MaHacTr{pa B pa3-
HII NIeCTHOCTLI B fpaAa II B OKOnHOCTI-iTe My,qenr{ cena, npr4rexaBaHu oT Heto (qyKa-pa.4ec, KaryHLIqa, Csera Kupllaru, .I{e6pe-He, By3AoBo, Maxcully), c6c 3aBr{crrMr4 rr
cBo6oArrr{ certrHrr, MenHarl}i B MenHr-rK, B
Karyuuua H Ap. (Bx. KoMeHrap y Boxr.rroB2001 , 144-1,45). Te ca npugo6rrrr.r rrraBHorlpe3 AapeHHt,3a KaKBuTo uMa cBeAeHv.s
I-I B rpyrq Baronegcxu aKTr.r. Or6en-{3aHae u 3eM.s, AapeHa Ha MaHacrlrpa or Xpe-nbo, HaMupaj-ra Me)KAy eaHa oT nopTriTe Ha
noArpaAuero r.r Tpunurlr (-Tpouua) (<andt(i1v) n6p'ccrv roi ipiropiov 6roq t(rlv)Tpuqtrlv"). Tq uoxe Aa ce noxanu3r.rpa B
rpocrpaHcrBoro MexAy Aue uara JIuro-
Ba Kbtua u r-i3TorrHuq xpaii na ll3ocraBeHlltMo,uepeH craAIroH4.
Be:cnopeu nHTepec e $arrsr, .re :a lpr,errr,T B To3Lr AoIqMeHT cperqaMe rauero Po-xen ("ddv) Pot(ervov>) Karo Mscro, KlAeroce HaMr{pana qacr or 3eM.s (Ipyrara .iacr e
B sBHo c:bceAHo Mrcro - "r(itv) 'Avdi,l-\i/lv') napeHa na N4 aH acrr.rpa or Jzoan Aceu.yrrpaBr.iren na MenHl.rx npe: I 3 42 r , lrypefina lZoas Karnarcy:uH, cBBp3aH rro npor.rsxoA
c 6amapcrara uapcKa Ar-rHacrrrq ua Acenenqu(Eoxr.r:ron 2007, 144-145; BoNu:roe 1985, Ii,Nr 14).
Kaxro crasa qcHo or Ka3arroro AoryK, Ho-Br.rre rohJMeHTr4 3a MaHacrr4pa "Ce. Eoropo-4r'rua Cnu:reorraca" or egHa crpaHa, rrorBlpx-AaBar AaHHr.rre, npago6r.rru prr repeHHoroMy apxeonofr.rqec(o lpoyrrBaHe, a oT Apytao6orar{Bar u rrpeqrl3rrpar npeAcraBLITe Hr.r 3a
HefoBaTa HcTopur. 3a r.iHTepHopa My u 3a Mo-nalrecKu.fl 6ur rpe3 cpeAHoBeKoBuero.
I{lrrupaua .,'rrrreparypa
EoxuJros 1985: I4. EoNurog. @aNru:ra.{ra ua Aceneeqa (1186 - 1460). leHearor}r-s unpoconorpaQur. CoSun. 1 485.
Eoxuron 2005: 14. Eoxu:ron. ,{ecnor A:rexcuii Clan ra Melnur. - B: Acta musei Var-naensis, III - 1. Er:rrapcxure 3eMr{ rrpe3 cpeAHoBer{oBuero (VII - XVIII n-). Mexgynapognaxou$epeuqux B qecr Ha 70-rognurirrznara Ha npo$. A:rex4augrp Ky:ee. Bapira 12- 14cenreMBpr.r 2002. Bapu4 2005, 7 9 -86.
Foxunos 2007:U. Boxu:ros. Hoerl AaHHu 3a MaHacrr{pa Cn. Eoropoquqa Cnraneoruca B
Me:rsrzr. - I4cropuvecro 6raerqe 11, 2007, Il2, 138-147 .
Iepacnuoea 2003: B. fepacnirlosa. lne xau6aur or Melsur c HaAnuclr or XIII n. - Ap-xeorrorru 2003, 3, 42-48.
fio:e,ree 1994: B. fio:eree. I4seoplr :a cpeAHoBexoBHara Hcropur ua Br,lraprx (VII -XV n.) n ancrpdicKure pcKonr4cHu c6upxa u apxueu. flrpell rou (6bnrapcKr4, Apytr.r craBsncKltl,I sugaHraficxfi lrsnoplr). Co$rl, 1994 r.
.{overa-Togoposa 1994: B. ,{ouena-Togopoaa. Apxnrerrypnum o6pa: Ha MaHacrrrpa"Ce. Boropogzqa CnrE:reorlrca". B: Me:rHux, 2. Co$ux, 1994,75-86.
lyiiuen 1944: tr4.,{yfiuee. I4: crapara 6r,rrapcKa KH}rxHRHa,2. Co$ua, 1944, c. XY,30 -35, 31 1-3 i4.
flyii.rea 1989: lI.,{yfiven. O.repr erpxy cpelrroBexoBHara r4croprzs Ha MenHuK. B:Mernnx, 1. Cofrur, 1994, 18-33.
a,{o Jlnrorara rr,qa ce HaMHpar aFrMTeKrypHHTe ocraHKI.I Ha ra3n nopra. a Kpaii craA[oHa- pyr{Hr{re Haqr,pxnara "Ce. Tponqa", pegou c re:u ua eroprlr C:raeoe uanacrup "Ce. BoropoAlrqa flaHraHaca".
Meiuuu.txusn uauacmup ,, Ce. Eozopodu4a Cnuteo uca" (,,C6.3oHa") e xoeu dorgueuml 53 I
Kocrona 2006: E. Kocroea. Memrar n nepl.roga XIII - XIV eer. Co$u-a, 2006. lorropcraAUCeprarlHr. AeropeSepar.
Manpogunona 1975: JL Maapogunoea. I]rpxeara "Ce. Fllrrora" [pr4 MenHr.rK. Cot|rrlr,197 5.
Marauos 1997: X. Marauos. KuqNecreoro na [pararul.r. Co$us, 1997 .
Me"rsux 1994: Memrux, 2. CoSn4 1994.Heurena 1994: B. Heuesa. Manacruptr "Ce. Soropoguqa Cnuneoruca". tr4cropuro-
apxeororr.rqecxo r{3cneaBaHe. Co$ul, I 994 (Menurlx, 2).Hemeea 2006: B. Heuresa. Codex 2645 or Arsncrara 6u6r[oreKa - lr:eop 3a ncropxrra
ua Mernnx. - B: flpunocr.i rcsu 6urapcrara apxeonoruq, r. III - IV Cotfur, 2006, 145-152.Ilerpon 1994: II. llerpon. flocerqeuul ua geaua 6slrapcKn yrreHr{ e MerHrix n Harraroro
uaXX ner<. -B: Me:rsl.rr, 2. Co$un,1994, 114-118.rlanena-fleuencxa 1988: H. gauena-fieueecxa. IJr,pxonuara apxrareKTypa B Btnrapl r
npe: XI - XIV eex. Co$ux, 1988.Actes de Vatop6di 2001 : Actes de Vatopddi, 1 . Des origines i 1329. Edition diplomatique
par J. Bompaire, J. Leforl, V Kravari, Chr. Giros. Paris,200l.Actes de Vatop6di 2006:Actes de Vatopedi. II. De 1330 d 1376. Edition diplomatique par
J. Lefort, V Kravari, Chr. Giros et K. Smirlis. Paris,2006.Papadopoulos, Vatop6dinos 1933: J. Papadopoulos, Pdre Arcadios Vatopddinos. Un
acte officiel du despote Alexis Sthlavos au sujet du couvent de Sp6l6otissa prds de Melnik.Cnucanue sa Ft':rrapcxara AxageMns Ha HayKr.rre,XLY-22,1933, l-6.
Perdrizet 1907: P Perdrizet. Melnic et Rossno. - In: Bulletin de Correspondence h6ll6-nique31,1907,20-37.
Mouto6nouloq 1972: N. Mootcrinooloq. Avaorc<pr1 qq Bcorl,rrrlq cou dyror.r Ag")"),eiou.Avadnoo er tor E'16pou cr1q onroclpovirqq onerqpi6oq trlq llolur61vrrcr.1g o1o)"r1q. @eoocr),o-virq, 1972.
Opi,6v6og 1958: A. Opl.6v6o6. Movnoqptarrl oplrrertovrrrl. A0r1vur, 1958.