sb-lecture 1 lv
TRANSCRIPT
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Synthetic
Biology
Input
Output
AND
Gene A
Gene B
Gene C
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micro.magnet.fsu.edu
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Prokaryotic cell
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Eukaryotic cell
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faculty.fmcc.suny.edu
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Cell membrane
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Cell-Cell communication in prokaryotes
http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Chiba/Communication
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Cell communication in eukaryotes
course1.winona.edu
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DNA
RNA
PROTEIN
Transcription byRNA polymerase
Translation byribosomes
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Flow of genetic information
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torvista.com
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Chromosome structure
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9room212bio.posterous.com
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Chromosome structure
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA structure
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA structure
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Nucleic acid hybridization
Denaturation = dissociation of the two strands Melting = denaturation
Renaturation = reassociation of the two strands Annealing = renaturation
Annealing can happen between two complementary DNA strands or between DNA and RNA (hybridization)
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA structure Problem 1
5’-ACCTGCCTGACAACTG-3’
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Gene structure
Gene Gene
Promoter Coding sequence Terminator
chromosome
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RNA
Transcription start site
Promoter
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Gene structure
Terminator
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Promoter structure
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17bioap.wikispaces.com
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Transcription
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Transcription
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Transcription
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA structure Problem 21) (2 points) The following diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide will serve as a basis for the questions marked A) and B).
A) Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’- CCTG- 3’, fill in the parentheses (in the diagram) with the expected bases.
B) Suppose that one of the precursors for this tetranucleotide (in the diagram) was a 32P-labeled guanine nucleoside triphosphate. Circle the radioactive phosphorous atom(s) as it exist(s) in the tetranucleotide.
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AUG UGA
Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation
Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)
Stop codon(signal to end
protein synthesis)
= untranslated region
5’ 3’
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
mRNA structure
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+1
-10Box
TATAA
-35Box
TTGTCA RNA
Core promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase
In this configuration transcription is ON
RNA Pol
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Transcription
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RNA
+1
RNA PolA
A = Activator of transcription
bad promoter
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Transcription
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+1
-10box
-35box
operator
R
R = Repressor
In this configuration RNA Polymerase cannot bindtranscription is OFF
X
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Repression of transcription
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• The lactose operon of E. coli
R
lacIrepressor R
-35 O -10
Transcription is OFF
Active repressor
X
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Repression of transcription
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• The lactose operon of E. coli
R
lacIrepressor
-35 O -10
Transcription is ON
Inactiverepressor = inducer (lactose)
RNA Pol
X
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Induction of gene expression
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AUG UGA5’ 3’
3’ 5’
siRNA
Binding of siRNA causes mRNA degradation
TranslationX
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Silencing by antisense RNA
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AUG UGA5’ 3’
Ribozymes+ aptamer
RNA cleavage
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Repression by mRNA cleavage
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AUG UGA
Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation
Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)
Stop codon(signal to end
protein synthesis)
= untranslated region
5’ 3’
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
mRNA structure
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Translation
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brooklyn.cuny.edu
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
The genetic code
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Protein structure
biochem.arizona.edu
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA replication
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Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA replication
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5’- TTCCATTCGGCGA -3’ 3’- AGC -5’
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
DNA replication Problem 1
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• Construct a promoter• Insert an operator• Insert a ribosome binding site• Select a coding sequence (output)
-10box
-35box
operator
Modular structure
Output
Synthetic biology Lecture 1
Construction of a synthetic gene