sayar zawgyi yar pyae note အမ်ိဳးသားစာဆိုဆရာေဇာ္ဂ်ီ
TRANSCRIPT
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33333
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1907 - {+yDv 12 &uf/ aom=umae@hwGif zsmyHk+rdK@Y tz OD;a,m/ trd a':pdefnGef@wdk@rS zGm;jrifonf? om;csif; udk;a,muf teuf t}uD;qHk; om;OD; jzpfonf? trnf&if;OD;odef;[ef jzpfonf?
1912-19 - a&S;OD;pGm zsmyHk+rdK@/ bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ xdk@aemuf jrefrmausmif;/ xdk@aemuf zsmyHkjrdK@ t*Fvdyfjrefrmtpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1920 - &efukefwuUodkv/f yxroydwf}uD;wGif zsmyHkausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwlzsmyHk trsdK;om;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a&$@ ynmoif}um;cJhonf?
1924 - &efukef+rdK@/ trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;(o&ufawmausmif;wdkuf) odk@ ajymif;a&$@ynmoifcJhonf?xdk@aemuf taxmuftyHhcH +rdK@rtrsdK;om;(wdkif;&if;om;) txufwef;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a&$@ynmoifcJh+yD; 11 qifhwef; atmifjrifcJhonf?
- opPm0g'D owif;pmwkdufu }uD;rSL;usif;yaom uAsmbmomjyef +ydKifyGJwGifpdwWokcvuFmjzifh opPm0g'Dqk (a&$'*F g;ig;jym;) &&SdcJhonf? (pdwWokcvuFmrSm t*Fvdyf uAsmq&m Henry Wotton . Thef Character of A Happy Life uAsmudkbmomjyefqdkjcif; jzpfonf)
1952-26 - &efukefwuUodkvfodk@ wufa&muf ynmoifcJhonf?1928 - aemiftcg yxrOD;qHk;aom acwfprf;uAsmjzpfvmrnfh ‘ydawmufyef;’‘ydawmufyef;’‘ydawmufyef;’‘ydawmufyef;’‘ydawmufyef;’ uAsm
udk zGJ@qdkI a&S;OD;pGm [Homha}u;rHkpmapmifwGif azmfjycJhonf? xdk@aemufrwfvxkwfwuUodkvfausmif;wdkuf r*~Zif;Y xyfrH azmfjycJhonf? Oypmwef;udk jrefrmpmtrSwftrsm;qHk;ESifhatmifjrifI om'dk;atmifqk &cJhonf?
1929 - 0dZ~…mbGJ@ &&Sdonf? (jrefrmpmay/ t*Fvdyfpmay/ ta&S@wdkif;EdkifiHrsm;/ ordkif;bmom&yfrsm;jzifh atmifjrifcJhonf?)
1930 - &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;wdkufY jrefrmpmenf;jyq&mtjzpf tr_xrf;onf?1931-34 - &efukef/ +rdK@rtrsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpfvkyfudkif
cJhonf?1934 - &efukefwuUodkvf. r[m0dZ~…moifwef;udk wufcJhonf? (t*FvdyfpmayESifhjrefrm
pmay ESpfbmomwGJ,lonf?)
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q&maZmf*sDq&maZmf*sDq&maZmf*sDq&maZmf*sDq&maZmf*sD
(1907-1990)
44444
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1936 - r[m0dZ~…mbGJ@ &cJhonf?1936-38 - rE Wav; OypmaumvdyfY jrefrmpm enf;jyq&mtjzpf tr_xrf;onf?1938 - pm=unfhwdkufynm/ ynmawmfoiftjzpf vef'efwuUodkvfESifh'AŠvifwuUodkvf
wdk@Y ynmoifcJhonf?1940 - pm=unfhwdkufynm 'Dyvdkrm &&SdcJhonf?1941 - &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;wdkuf pm=unfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
atmufwdkbmvwGif OD;qef;/ a':ESif;[email protected];/ &efukef+rdK@rtrsdK;orD;ausmif;/txufwef;jyq&mr a':apm&if bD-at/ bD-tD;- 'DESifh vufxyfcJhonf?
1942 - 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; jrefrmppftpdk;&ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 'kwd,n$ef}um;a&;0ef(pmayESifhpm}unfhwdkufXmecGJ)tjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1946 - &efukefwuUodkvfpm}unfhwdkufrSL; wm0ef xrf;aqmifonf?1947-48 - wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmf±Hk;ESifha±G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif±Hk;wdk@wGif txl;t&m&Sd (tajccH
Oya' tacsmudkifaumfrwD/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmftvHoDcsif;ESifh wHqdyfaumfrwDtzGJ@0if)tjzpf wm0efay;jcif; cH&onf?
1948 - wÀausmfxifbGJ@wHqdyf &onf?1950 - cspf=unfa&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfjzifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?1951-52 - ynma&;avhvma&;tzGJ@0iftjzpf t*Fvef/ tar&duef/ ruUqDudkESifhuae'gEdkifiH
rsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?1952-57 - ynma&;Xme/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfjyKpka&; (xkwfvkyfa&;) n$ef=um;a&0eftjzpfwm0ef
,lcJhonf?1955 - ‘ocifudk,fawmfrSdKif; ÉDum’pmtkyftwGuf pmayAdrmef. pmya'omqk&&SdcJhonf?
cspf}unfa&;tzGJ@0iftjzpf ,dk;',m;EdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?1959 - jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;aumfr&SifOuUXtjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf?1961(arv) - *k%fxl;aqmifjrefrmpmygarmuQtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? oD&dysHcsDbGJ@wHqdyf&cJhonf?
cspf}unfa&;tzGJ@0iftjzpf w±kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?1965-75 - ynm&yfa0g[m& aumfrwDOuUX/ trsdK;om;pmayqk pdppfa±G;cs,fa&;aumfrwD
OuUXtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf?1967 - wuUodkvfrsm;A[dk pm}unfhwdkufrSL;tjzpfrS t+idrf;pm;,lonf? ynma&; txl;
t&m&Sd(1)/ jrefrmEdkifiHokawoetoif;OuUX wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifonf?1976 - EdkifiHordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme t}uHay;yk*~Kvftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? tdENd,odk@
&mrpmwrf;zwfyGJ wufa&muf&ef OD;cifaZmf (K) ESifhtwl oGm;cJhonf?1979 - ‘eifvm;[Jh cspf'kuQESifh tjcm;0wˆKwdkrsm;’ bmomjyefpmtkyfjzifh trsdK;om;pmay
(bmomjyef&opmay) qk &cJhonf?1981 - t+idrf;pm;b0udk tjynfht0 pwif cHpm;cJhonf?1987 - ‘a&S;acwf yk*HuAsmpkESifh tjcm;uAsmrsm;’ uAsmpmtkyfjzifh trsdK;om;pmay(uAsm)
55555
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wdkusKd? *syef/
qk&cJhonf?1990 - pufwifbmv 26&uf/ Ak'<[l;ae@ eHeuf ig;em&DcGJ tcsdefwGif &efukef+rdK@/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f/
uarBmZvrf;/ trSwf (10-u) aetdrfwGif uG,fvGefonf?
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q&maZmf*sD&JŒjrifhjrwfwJh *k%foduQmeJ@twdkif;rod }uD;rm;wJh aus;Zl;awGudk vuf&Sd jrefrmppftpdk;&u todtrSwf rðy±Hkomru/ aus;Zl; odwwfolawGu usif;y=uwJh q&maZmf*sD ESpfw&mjynfh arG;ae@yGJ ysufpD;&m ysufpD;a=umif;udk }uHaqmifcJhygw,f? 'Dvkyf&yf[m jrefrmpmayeJ@ jrefrmwrsdK;om;vHk;&JŒ*k%foduQmudk nd‡K;EGrf;apwJh tr*Fvm vkyf&yf jzpfygw,f?
jrefrmjynfrSm r*Fvm w&m;omv#if xGef;um; wnfwHh+yD;/ tr*Fvm w&m;awG jrefjref xufxuf csKyf+idrf;Edkifygapvdk@ q&maZmf*sD&JŒ&mjynfhyGJrSm qkrGefaumif; awmif;vdkufygw,f?
armifarmifjrifh armifarmifjrifh armifarmifjrifh armifarmifjrifh armifarmifjrifh jrefrmowif;or*~ jrefrmowif;or*~ jrefrmowif;or*~ jrefrmowif;or*~ jrefrmowif;or*~
1818181818
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jrefrmhtrskK d;om;pmqkd}uD; q&maZmf*sD (OD;odef;[ef). &mjynfh tcrf;tem;okd@jrefrmhtrskK d;om;pmqkd}uD; q&maZmf*sD (OD;odef;[ef). &mjynfh tcrf;tem;okd@jrefrmhtrskK d;om;pmqkd}uD; q&maZmf*sD (OD;odef;[ef). &mjynfh tcrf;tem;okd@jrefrmhtrskK d;om;pmqkd}uD; q&maZmf*sD (OD;odef;[ef). &mjynfh tcrf;tem;okd@jrefrmhtrskK d;om;pmqkd}uD; q&maZmf*sD (OD;odef;[ef). &mjynfh tcrf;tem;okd@
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drd ku&ufwpfwyfOD;.jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drd ku&ufwpfwyfOD;.jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drd ku&ufwpfwyfOD;.jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drd ku&ufwpfwyfOD;.jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drd ku&ufwpfwyfOD;.*g&0jyKrSwfwrf;v$m/*g&0jyKrSwfwrf;v$m/*g&0jyKrSwfwrf;v$m/*g&0jyKrSwfwrf;v$m/*g&0jyKrSwfwrf;v$m/
acwfqef;pmayudk OD;aqmifcJholwOD;vnf;jzpf jrefrmhpmayavmu. rD;&SL;wefaqmifvnf;jzpfaomq&maZmf*sD. &mjynfh tcrf;tem;rsm;udk jynfwGif;jynfywGif usif;yae=uygonf?
TonfrSm q&m. vli,fausmif;om;b0/ pmayv_yf&Sm;r_b0/ "avh¶kd;&m/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh/ jrefrmpmayzGH@ðzd;&Sifoef wnfwHha&;}udK;yrf;r_rsm; tygt0if trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh 'Drkdua&pDa&;wkd@twGuf ukd,fusKd;pGef@tepfemcH aqmif&GufcJhr_rsm;tm; q&m.wynfhom;ajr;rsm;u ¶kdusKd; ylaZmfae=ujcif; jzpfonf?
xdk@jyif tzdESdyfcHjynfolrsm;bufrS tpOfxm0& &yfwnfI trSefw&m;tay: &J0H@wnf=unfpGm ckcHumuG,fay;cJh=uaom q&m}uD;ocifukd,fawmfr_dif;/ q&m}uD;aZmf*sD/ q&m}uD;rif;ok0%fwkd@. trsdK;om;jynfolw&yfvkH;tay: xm;&Sdonfh pdwfapwemum;}uD;rm;r_/ ±dk;om;ajzmifhrwfr_ESifh q&mwdk@. wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;tay:tvkyftauGs;jyKcJhr_ponfh *k%fyk'frsm;rSmvnf; ,ae@ q&m. arG;ae@ (100)rSonf xm0pOf wnfwH@aernfjzpfa=umif; xyfavmif; uAsnf;wifvdkuf=ujcif;vnf; jzpfonf?
ppftm%m&Sifrsm;. xdrf;csKyf uef@owfr_rsm;a=umifh q&m. &mjynfharG;ae@yGJudk vGwfvyfpGm txifu&usif;y jyKvkyfcGifh r&&SdcJh=uyg? Tonfuyif jrefrmEdkifiH. yuwd vuf&Sd tajctaeqdk;udk jyqdkaejcif;yifjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh rdrdwdk@ jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; -ru'w (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)tygt0if wynfhom;ajr;rsm; tm;vHk;taejzifh q&m. b0/ pmay ESifh vrf;n$efcsufrsm;udk pHerlemxm;v#uf vuf&Sd tajctaeqdk;atmufrS vGwfajrmufEdkifa&;twGuf tm;oGef}udK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; av;eufwnf=unfpGm cH0ef *wdjyKtyfygonf?
ppftm%m&Sifpepfrkcs usqkH;&rnf?'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;rkcs atmif&rnf?
A[kdaumfrwDjrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmifom;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfwyfOD;- ru'w (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)&ufpGJ? 2007ckESpf/ {+yDv 19&uf?
1919191919
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ae‹pJG / {+yDv 12 &uf/ 2007 ckESpf
,ae‹onf 20&mpk jrefrmpmayorkdif;wGif wrsKd;om;vHk; =unf!dktm;xm;&onfh pmayynm&Sif}uD;rsm;xJrS r[muAsmq&m}uD; aZmf*sD. &mjynfharG;ae‹ r*Fvm&ufjrwfjzpfygonf? q&m}uD;ESifhtwl a&$a&mifzHk;v$rf;aom jrefrm pmayacwfudk *k%fðyum jyefvnf wrf;w azmfusL;=urnfh tcrf;tem;udk xl;uJpGm pD&ifusif;y=uonfh *syefEdkifiHa&muf pmay0goem&Siftaygif;udk av;pm;rdygonf?
acwfpepfudk jyefvnf atmufarh&mwGif tqdkygacwfpepfY jynfolrsm; óuHawG‹ae&onfh &ifqkdifwdkufyJGESifh awmfvSefa&;rsm;wGif a&SŒwef;rS yg0ifxrf;&Gufonfh pmaytawG;tac:/ pmayv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tjyif OD;aqmifolyk*~Kdvf}uD;rsm;udk xkwfazmf *g&0ðyjcif;onf wrsKd;om;vHk;twGuf 0rf;ajrmuf *k%f,lzG,f&m vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfygonf?
jrefrmpmayynm&SifESifh r[muAsmq&m}uD;aZmf*sDonf e,fcsJŒacwfESifh jynfwGif;ppfumvrsm;twGif;pmayawmfvSefa&;pdwf"mwf Ekd;=um;xufoefap&ef tzdESdyfcH taygif;ESifhwef;wla&;wkdufyJG0if trsKd;om;xkrsm;udktm;ay;v_H‹aqmf&mY awmfvSeftawG;tac:rsm;/ opfvGif t,ltqrsm;udk uAsm tEkvuf&m tm;aumif;pGmjzifhol rwlatmif xl;jcm;ajymifajrmufpGm a&;zJG‹cJhonfh pmayuAsm u0d}uD; jzpfygonf?
q&m}uD;aZmf*sDonf ,ckvdk wdkif;jynf vGwfvyfa&;twGuf &nf&G,f v_H‹aqmfonfh uAsmrsm; a&;om;pyfqdk cJhonfhtjyif pmayavhvmvdkufpm;r_ESifh xdk;xGif;^m%fudk tm;ðyI jrefrmpmayorkdif;omru/ usL;ausmfolwdk‹. pmayudkyif wefzdk;xm; av;pm;um avhvmvdkufpm;cJhol pmayynm&Sif}uD;jzpfouJhodk‹/ rnfonfh vlrsKd;.pmay[k oabm rxm;bJ pmayynmudk pmayjrwfEdk;olrsm; od&Sd em;vnfap&efESifh jynfoltaygif; rsufpdyGifhap&efpmay aygif;ul;ay;cJhol jzpfygonf? aESmif;acwfvlrsm; twk,l tm;uszG,f&m vkyfaqmifcsufudk vrf;jycJhonfhpmay=u,fyGifh}uD;tjzpf ±kyfvHk; ay:apcJhygonf? taoG;ta&mifuif;pGmjzifh pmaytay: oef‹pifapcJhol jzpfygonf?
jrefrmtrsKd;om;xk. pmaywefzdk;/ pmayynmudkvnf; tjcm;wkdif;EkdifiHom;rsm; od&Sdap&ef óud;yrf;cJhonfhtav#muf EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;yif csD;usL;&avmufonfh pmayarwWm/ pmayapwem}uD;rm;onfh jrefrmpmayynm&Sif}uD;a=umifh jrefrmhpmayonf urBmhtv,fwGif *k%fwifh apcJhjyefygonf?
tjcm;aom pmay ta&;awmfyHkrsm;tjyif acwfprf;uAsmudk a&S;OD;pGm azmfxkwf&if; jrefrmhpmayudkydkrdkckdifcHhjcif;ESifhopfvGifjcif;rsm; &Sdap&ef a&SŒaqmifOD;&GufðycJhol q&m}uD;. pmayv_yf&Sm;r_ ESifh wxyfwnf; usaernfh udk,fa&; ta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifhtwl q&m}uD;. pGrf;yum;}uD;rm;onfh awmfvSefa&; wkdufyJG0if tm;rmefjr‡ifh uAsmrsm;ESifh b0'\e &SmyHkawmfuAsmrsm;udk ±Gwfqdk&if; jrefrmhpmay&eH‹rsm; xHkoif;ar$;jyef‹ygapa=umif;qkrGefaumif; awmif;tyfygonf?
2020202020
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(3) ol.pmayuwqifh usaemfwkd@tm;vkH; &&Sdvkdufonfh txl;jcm;qkH;aom oifcef;pmrSm vl@b0ukdxif[yfaom pmayonfvl@b0ukd ajymif;vJapcJhonfqkdonfh tcsufyifjzpfonf? uAsmq&m/ pma&;q&mrsm;twGuf q&maZmf*sD ay;cJhonfh pmayoabmw&m;rsm;teufu xif&Sm;onfh tcsufrSm jynfolvlxktay: arwWmapwem xm;&Sda&;jzpfonf? arwWmykd@¶kHjzifhrvkHavmuf/ jynfolvlxktay: pmem em;vnfpGm jynfholb0ukd jrSifhwifa&;/ vGwfajrmufa&;wkd@twGuf a&;om;oDukH;&efjzpfonf?
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trnf&if; - OD;0if;az/rdb - OD;odef;az (&Gmol}uD;/ rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf)/ a':wif=unf/Zmwd - jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ uefqifhawmif±Gm/arG;csif; - (7) OD;teuf t}uD;qHk;/arG;ESpf - 1937 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (17) &ufae@/ynma&; - 0dZ…m/ ynma&; 'Dyvdkrm/ pm=unfhwdkufynm'Dyvdkrm/tvkyf - ausmif;q&m/ ordkif;-jynfol@eDwd-jrefrmpm oif±dk;tzGJ@0if/
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pmaytawG@t}uHK - 1953 ckESpf - rE Wav; txu (1) ausmif;om;or*~pmapmifrSmuAsm pwifa&;/
- 1959 ckESpf / rE Wav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnf r*~Zif;aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;/
- 1957-59 ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/- 1961-62 rE Wav;wuUodkvf uavmif±Siftoif; twGif;a&;rSL;?- 1962-2002 (jrefrmjynfwGif;)1962-2002 (jrefrmjynfwGif;)1962-2002 (jrefrmjynfwGif;)1962-2002 (jrefrmjynfwGif;)1962-2002 (jrefrmjynfwGif;)
txufjrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif; tvkyftr_aqmif/(wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) vlxkowif;pm/ ±SL@r0/ aiGwm&D/ rdk;a0/pmay*sme,f/ aomif;ajymif;axGvm/ jrm;ewfarmif/ a&$0wfrSkef/rE Wav;*sme,f/ jALwD pwhJpme,fZif;awGrSm uAsmeJ@pmaya0zefpmrsm;a&;ol? jrefrmh±dk;&m vlxkaw; pkaqmif;ol/ ayyk&ydkuf pkaqmif;ol/
- 2002 ESifh aemufydkif; (jrefrmjynfy)2002 ESifh aemufydkif; (jrefrmjynfy)2002 ESifh aemufydkif; (jrefrmjynfy)2002 ESifh aemufydkif; (jrefrmjynfy)2002 ESifh aemufydkif; (jrefrmjynfy)2002-Edk0ifbm- e,fomvefEdkifiH/ trRfpwm'rfjrdK@/ av'ifwuUodkvf/tm&Spmay ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm pmwrf;zwf?2003-(1) tdkiftdk0gwuUodkvfpma&;om;r_ tpDtpOf zJvdk;&Spf (3)v/ (2) eDb&mpwmjrdK@/ KHN tEkynmpcef;0if/ (3) 0g&SifwefwuUodkvf/ FBC ESpfvnfyGJ/ pmwef;zwf/2004-2005 ajrmuftDvDEdGKufwuUodkvf/ Center for Burma StudiesrSmokawoD/
2424242424
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