Child Labor

Child Labor

To provide an in-depth global picture of violence against children.

Focus on prevention strategies, in particular through the identification of best practices in prevention.

To develop & share inventory of different approaches to the issue, in particular from a South-to-South perspective.

WHAT IS "CHILD LABOR"?

Is it really all that difficult to define the term child labor?

Where CHILD LABORERS live?

WHAT DO CHILD LABORERS DO?

WHAT ARE SOME MISUNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT CHILD LABOR?

WHAT CAUSES CHILD LABOR TODAY?

It is the right of every child to be protected from violence, abuse, exploitation and

discrimination.

Failure to protect children undermines the national development and has a negative impact that continues beyond childhood into the individual’s adult life

Building and maintaining a protective environment for children preventing violence, abuse, child labor, exploitation, etc.

It is the duty of care givers: parents, communities, state authorities

The concept of child Labor got much attention during the 1990s when European countries announced a ban on the goods of the less-developed countries because of child Labor

Child labor ranges from 4-17 years old.

In some cases, a child's work can be helpful to him or her and to the family.

It is positive in sense that it gives job experience, this depends largely on the age of the child, the conditions in which the child works, and whether work prevents the child from going to school.

Dangerous work. Child labor is very common in Pakistan. Recently, a lot of western companies have forbidden child workers in their sewing factories. Instead the children are forced to do more dangerous work. These girls sort garbage in a slum area in Karachi to make less than a dollar a day.

Child labour is a problem

Because it jeopardizes

Health

Human

rightsFuture

Education

Iqbal Masih was a child labor in Pakistan. His parents were too poor to afford food; they borrowed $16 in exchange for sending Iqbal to a carpet factory to work off the loan. Iqbal was only 4 years old. The children in the factory worked 14 hours a day, six days a week without any breaks. They were beaten and chained to their looms if they complained or tried to escape.

When he was 10, Iqbal learned about a new law that forbade bonded labor. He left the factory, entered school, and began to speak out on behalf of children who still worked in factories. However Iqbal’s actions made many people angry; he was shot and killed in April 1995. Iqbal was only 12 years old.

INTRODUCTION

To a child’s Life

Purpose of Study.

Formulating.

Interviewing.

Collecting Data.

Time Horizon.

Findings.

PROCEDURESteps Undertaken

To find the main causes of child labor.

To sought out their solutions.

To give some useful recommendations.

To analyze the child labor in Pakistan.

PROCEDUREPurpose Of Study

The project formulation was done and we started to collect data and research from different resources.

In order to express our views clearly and exactly we have done the task step by step so that a person who has no knowledge about child labor can also understand easily.

PROCEDUREFormulating

Five children were interviewed as follows.

1. Hawker.2. Car washer.3. Child at Garage.4. Waiter.5. Beggar.

The snaps and interviews were conducted at Taxila, Chakwal, and Mansehra.

PROCEDUREInterviewing

Gull Khan 11 years old.

Son of a laborer.

Earning Rs. 150-200/- per day.

Never attended school.

No future plan other than this.

PROCEDUREHawker

PROCEDURECar Washer

Sadiq 13 years old.

Father is jobless.

Earning Rs. 80-100/- per day.

Attended the school for 3 classes.

Want to continue his Study.

PROCEDUREBeggar

Rani 8 years old.

Father is scraper.

Earning Rs. 60-70/-per day.

Quite illiterate.

Not satisfied with this.

All the data was collected from different resources i.e.

1. Magazines.2. Newspapers.3. Surfing Internet.4. Own Resources.5. Studying Pakistan

LABOR LAW.

PROCEDURECollecting Data

1 1/2 week for interviewing and searching.

1 week on formulating report and presentation.

PROCEDURETime Horizon.

Main causes.

1. Poverty.2. Lack of Resources.3. Family Crises.4. Illiteracy of ancestors.

Most of the children left the school after one or two year of study.

PROCEDUREFindings.

LIMITATIONS

We come across the following limitations.

Shortage of time.

Shyness of children.

Feasibility of project.

Governmental crisis.

LIMITATIONS

The period of work of a child shall be so arranged that inclusive of his interval for rest, under sub-section

No child shall be required or permitted to work overtime.

Every child employed in an establishment shall be allowed in each week, a holiday of one whole day

LIMITATIONS

No child shall be required or permitted to work in any establishment in excess of such number of hours, as may be prescribed for such establishment or class of establishments.

The period of work on each day shall be so fixed that no period shall exceed three hours and that no child shall work for more than three hours before he has had an interval for rest for at least one hour.

LIMITATIONS

According to the Laws and Regulations of child labor, children are strictly prohibited from these fields.

Work inside under ground mines

Work with live electrical wires over 50V.

All operation related to leather tanning.

Mixing or application or pesticides.

Sandblasting and other work involving exposure to free silica.

Work Permits

If you are under the age of 18, you MUST obtain a work permit BEFORE you start working.

You must obtain a new work permit every time you switch jobs. They can not be transferred from job to job.

FINDINGS

There are more children under 14 in Pakistan than the entire USA population

Children under 14 form 3.6% of Pakistan’s labor force

Of these, 9 out of 10 work in their own rural family settings

85% are engaged in agriculture related labor

Less than 9% in manufacturing and less than 1% in factories

Figures in Pakistan

26.1% in 1990 but rose to 34.5% by the end of that decade.

The figure of 23.9% reported by the survey 2004/05 therefore in 2015 target of 13%.

Asia and the Pacific

The Asia Pacific region has the largest number of child laborers in the world and has experienced slower progress in CL elimination compared to other regions.

Absolute numbers have dropped from 127 million child laborers to 122 million, a 6% decline.

Significant numbers still in hazardous labor (6.2 million) and in the unacceptable worst forms (6.6. million).

A serious challenge to achieve the fundamental goal of ending the WORST Forms of Child Labor by 2016.

6,00,000 child labor mobilized out of work and into fulltime, formal, government day schools.

50,000 child laborers have been put through Bridge Course Camps and 30,000 Education Activists mobilized to liberate children.

80,000 youth volunteers and members of CRPF protect child rights.

FINDINGS

Basic Facts

25,000 adolescent girls in schools and 8000 child marriages stopped.

1500 Gram Panchayats are child labor free.

1500 Gram Panchayats review child rights through the health and education subcommittees.

50,000 children mainstreamed to formal schools through RBCs.

FINDINGS

Basic Facts

There are more labors today than were seized from Africa during the entire 400 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

The price for a slave in 1850 in Mississippi was $40,000 (based on constant 1999 dollars). The average price of a slave today is $80.

One in every six children aged 5 to 17 worldwide is exploited by child labor.

There are approximately 9 million children involved in the unconditional worst forms of child labor that we call slavery.

FINDINGS

Basic Facts

A worldwide movement is now in place

governments, workers and employers

international agencies, NGOs and many others

There are 27 million adult and child slaves in the world today.

246 million children aged 5-17 are child workers throughout the world.

FINDINGS

Where It Occurs

Poverty: Children who live in extreme poverty are most susceptible to enslavement.

Tradition: Some parents view their children as property over which they have the right to control.

Control: Children are attractive slaves because they are easier than adults to manipulate and control.

Cheap and Replaceable: The average slave today costs less than $100. Overpopulation in some regions mean there is an abundant supply of children who are available as slaves.

Physical Size: Because they are smaller than adults, child slaves are more desirable for certain tasks such as weaving rugs and picking cocoa.

FINDINGS

Why Does It Exist?

Health: child slaves are easily replaced; it is more expensive to nurse a sick child to health than to buy a new slave. Consequently, children rarely get medical or psychological attention if needed.

Education: child slaves are often denied access to education. Thus, even if they escape slavery, they do not have the skills necessary for higher-paying jobs.

Family Ties: child slaves are often separated from their families. Even if these children escape from slavery, their families still may not welcome them home.

FINDINGS

Effect on Children

Child labour in figures (global estimates 2002) = knowledge

National surveys (50)

( 1998-2002)

Rapid assessments&

Baseline studies (100)

(2000-2003)

246 million child labourers

Worldwide

( age 5-17)

146 million children

Aged 6-11

Out of school

283 million children

Aged 12-17 out of school

Majority boys

Majority girls

FINDINGS

73 million working children are less than 10 years

old.

While buffaloes may cost up to 50,000 rupees ,

children are sold at prices between 15,000 and

20,000 rupees.

41 out of 100 children in Pakistan enrolled in class

I reach class VIII, putting the dropout rate at

52.79%.

Approximately 16.64% of villages in the country do

not have facilities for primary schooling.

42 million children in the age-group 6-14 years do

not attend school in Asia.

OPINION

"Children are cheaper to run than tractors and smarter than oxen," explains one Rawalpindi landowner. He prefers field hands between seven and ten years old, "because they have the most energy, although they lack discipline."

Children who work long hours, often in dangerous and unhealthy conditions, are exposed to lasting physical and psychological harm.

Working at rug looms, for example, has left children disabled with eye damage, lung disease, stunted growth, and a susceptibility to arthritis as they grow older.

Children making silk thread in India dip their hands into boiling water that burns and blisters them, breath smoke and fumes from machinery, handle dead worms that cause infections, and guide twisting threads that cut their fingers.

CONCLUSION

By seeing the worst condition of child labor, it is difficult to finish it

completely but struggle can be made.

Towards a Global Action Plan

Global goal and targets:

The elimination of all worst forms of child labour by 2016

To this end, all countries should design and put in place appropriate time-bound measures by 2008

There is a need for:

greater national ownership, supported by employers’ and workers’ organizations

a more vibrant worldwide movement to put technical tools and frameworks to optimum use

stepped up efforts to mainstream child labour elimination into key development and human rights frameworks (MDGsand poverty reduction strategies)

Progress and Challenges in Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labour by 2016

Latin Americaand Caribbean

From 17.4 down to

5.7 million

Sub-Saharan Africa

From 48 up to 49.3

million

Asiaand the Pacific

From 127.3 down to

122.3 million

Other

regions:

Down from

18.3 to 13.4

million

Progress has been made in global efforts to end child labour

Child labour has declined by 11 per cent over the last four years to 218 million

The more hazardous the work and the more vulnerable the children involved, the faster the decline

Firstly our recommendations to those children which we have interview.

Most of them joined school but left due to some reason so they should be provided with the resources.

If we have expensive education, lack of teachers and schools then children will work so there’s need to consider this factor.

If individually everyone will participate then it will work to the whole.

Government should make education free and make such policies to avoid it.

These children were really in bad condition and they are not earning too much then what's the purpose?

“The poor is hated even of his own neighbor: but the rich hath many friends” Proverbs 14:20

Key policies in tackling child labour concern:

Education

Improved earning opportunities for adults (decent work)

Awareness and understanding

Laws and enforcement

RECOMMENDATIONS

What Can You Do?

Educate yourself about Child Slavery.

Contact local, state, and national politicians for support against Child Slavery.

•Write letters asking for their opinion on Child Slavery.

Talk to your parents about Child Slavery.•Educate the adults in your life!.

RECOMMENDATIONS

What Can You Do?

All Children must attend full-time formal-day schools. Any child out of school is a child laborer. Any justification perpetuating the existence of child labor must be condemned. There must be total abolition of child labor.

It’s up to us all..

It’s the ILO

It’s Member States

It’s Workers

It’s Employers

It’s NGOs

And it’s us – you and me.

Together we can reach the goal – an end to child labour in our time