Chng 2:

MUC LUC

Phan 1:Tong quan2

Phan 2: Qui trnh cong nghe.7Phan 3: Tnh toan va thiet ke thiet b9Phan 4: Tnh toan va thet ke thiet b chnh14Phan 5: Tnh toan cac chi tiet phu19Phan 6: Tnh toan s bo gia thanh chi tiet va thiet b38Phan 7: Ket luan39Phan 1 TONG QUAN

Say la mot qua trnh cong nghe c s dung rat nhieu trong san xuat thc pham. San pham sau qua trnh say co o am thch hp, thuan tien cho viec bao quan, van chuyen, che bien, ong thi nang cao chat lng san pham.I. Gii thieu nguyen lieu say:

1. Tnh chat cua tinh bot:

Tinh bot la thanh phan quan trong cua cu khoai m, bao gom hai thanh phan:

- Amylo: 15-25%.

- Amylopectin: 75-85%.

Hnh 1: Hnh dang hat tinh bot khoai m

Tinh bot trong khoai m ton tai di dang cac hat tinh bot co kch thc 3-34(m.

Tinh bot khoai m co mot so tnh chat ac trng rat co li khi s dung chung lam nguyen lieu trong che bien thc pham nh:

- Tinh bot khoai m khong co mui nen no rat thuan tien khi s dung chung cung vi cac thanh phan co mui trong thc pham

- Tinh bot khoai m trong nc sau khi c gia nhiet se tao thanh san pham co dang paste trong suot nen rat thuan tien trong viec s dung chung cung vi cac tac nhan tao mau khac.

- T le amylopectin : amylo trong tinh bot khoai m cao (80:20) nen gel tinh bot co o nht, o ket dnh cao va kha nang gel b thoai hoa rat thap.

2. Cac yeu to anh hng en ham lng tinh bot:

Ham lng tinh bot trong cu khoai m phu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to nh: ieu kien kh hau, giong, thi gian thu hoach, bao quan

- Neu thu hoach qua sm, ham lng tinh bot thap, ham lng cac chat hoa tan cao. Nh vay neu che bien khoai m non khong nhng hieu qua thu hoi tinh bot thap ma con gap nhieu kho khan trong viec bao quan nguyen lieu ti.

- Neu thu hoach tre, ham lng tinh bot cung khong cao v mot phan tinh bot b thuy phan thanh ng e cung cap chat dinh dng cho mam phat trien. Khoai m cang gia th cang kho che bien.

V nhng nguyen nhan tren, khi thu hoach khoai m e san xuat tinh bot, ta can phai thu hoach ung thi han e ham lng tinh bot la cao nhat.

3. Tieu chuan bot khoai m an c:

( Tieu chuan cua FAO: TC 176-1989 (c chnh sa vao thang 1-1995))

Tieu chuan chung: tinh bot khoai m an c phai:

An toan va phu hp cho ngi s dung.

Khong co mui v khac thng va con trung gay hai.

Khong b nhiem ban.

Tieu chuan cu the:

Ch tieu hoa ly:

Ham lng am 13%

Ham lng acid HCN 10mg/kg

Ham lng kim loai nang : khong co

Ham lng x 2%

Ham lng tro 3%

Ch tieu vi sinh:

Vi sinh vat gay benh : khong co.

Con trung gay hai : khong co

Ch tieu cam quan:

Bot mau trang kho va mn.

Khong co mui v khac thng.

Khong b nhiem ban.

4. ng dung cua tinh bot khoai m:

Trong cac san pham tinh bot t ngu coc va t cu th tinh bot khoai m chiem so lng ln nhat, gia thanh re. Tinh bot khoai m va cac san pham t tinh bot khoai m c ng dung rat rong rai trong rat nhieu nganh cong nghiep nh: thc pham, det, giay ay, chung ta ch e cap en ng dung cua tinh bot khoai m va cac san pham t tinh bot khoai m trong thc pham.

1. Banh keo: c ng dung trong san xuat cac chat tao ngot hoac lam tac nhan ket dnh cho san pham.

2. Biscuit: s dung tinh bot trong san xuat banh biscuit ngot, biscuit khong ngot, cream sandwich vi ham lng khoang 5-10% e giup banh mem va khong dnh.

3. Banh m: trong san xuat banh m, dung tinh bot nh la mot c chat cho nam men s dung trong qua trnh len men va tham gia vao phan ng tao mau nau ac trng cua san pham khi nng.II. Phng phap thc hien qua trnh say: 1. Khai niem:

Say la qua trnh tach am ra khoi vat lieu bang cach cap nhiet cho am bay hi. Am thng la hi nc, vat lieu bao gom ca vat ran, bun, chat long

Say c dung khi:

- Tang o ben cua vat lieu.

- Tang kha nang bao quan.

- Giam cong chuyen ch.

- Tang gia tr cam quan cua vat lieu.

Qua trnh tach am la qua trnh khuech tan hi nc t be mat vat lieu vao tac nhan say ma ong lc qua trnh la s chenh lech ap suat hi rieng phan gia be mat vat lieu va tac nhan.

Qua trnh say dien tien theo ba giai oan:

- Giai oan ot nong vat lieu.

- Giai oan say ang toc.

- Giai oan say giam toc.

( Qua trnh say tinh bot nham muc ch tach mot lng ln nc ra khoi khoi tinh bot t va c tinh sach, a khoi tinh bot t ve trang thai bot kho. trang thai o, tinh bot bao quan c trong thi gian lau hn, de dang ong goi va van chuyen i xa e phuc vu cho nhieu nganh san xuat khac.

2. Nhng bien oi cua tinh bot trong qua trnh say:

a. Bien oi vat ly:

Trong qua trnh say dien ra s boc hi nc ra khoi khoi tinh bot dan en mot so bien oi vat ly sau:

Khoi lng cua khoi tinh bot giam xuong.

S thay oi hnh dang cua cac hat tinh bot do cac hat tinh bot b co lai.

Cac hat tinh bot tach ri nhau, khoi tinh bot chuyen t trang thai bot nhao sang trang thai cac hat bot kho.

Ngoai ra, mau sac cua san pham tinh bot con tang ve o trang va o sang ma nguyen nhan la do s thay oi ve kha nang hap thu va phan xa anh sang cua vat lieu di tac dung cua nhiet o cao.

b. Bien oi hoa hoc:

Nhng bien oi hoa hoc trong qua trnh say tinh bot dien ra khong ang ke, tr mot so trng hp ta say tinh bot nhiet o cao trong thi gian qua dai se xay ra mot so phan ng lam bien mau hat tinh bot. o am cua khoi tinh bot giam ang ke sau qua trnh say.

c. Bien oi hoa ly:

Nhng bien oi hoa ly dien ra trong qua trnh say tinh bot:

Co hien tng boc hi cua am ra khoi khoi tinh bot.

Viec boc hi am t be mat tao ra s chenh lech am gia lp be mat va cac lp ben trong vat lieu, ket qua la co s khuech tan am t cac lp ben trong ra lp be mat cua vat lieu.

d. Bien oi hoa sinh:

Khong ang ke.

e. Bien oi sinh hoc:

Bien oi sinh hoc chu yeu dien ra trong qua trnh say tinh bot la s c che va tieu diet cac vi sinh vat tren be mat vat lieu.

3. Cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh say tinh bot:

Qua trnh say tinh bot chu anh hng cua cac yeu to sau:

- o am ban au cua khoi vat lieu: o am ban au cua khoi vat lieu cang cao th thi gian say cang keo dai.

- Tnh chat cua tac nhan say nh: o am, nhiet o va toc o chuyen ong cua dong tac nhan say trong qua trnh say.

- Thi gian say.

- Phng phap say.

- Che o say: che o cong nghe say tinh bot phu thuoc rat nhieu vao nhiet o ho hoa. Nhiet o say cua san pham luon phai nho hn nhiet o ho hoa giai oan au. Neu giai oan au khi o am con cao, vat lieu tiep xuc vi tac nhan say nhiet o cao th lp be mat cua tinh bot se b ho hoa tao thanh lp keo mong bt kn be mat thoat am t trong long vat lieu ra ngoai. Nhiet o ho hoa cua tinh bot co o am 70% tr len dao ong trong khoang 55-60oC.

4. Phng phap say tinh bot:

4.1. Mot so phng phap say:

a. Cac thiet b say oi lu:

1. Thiet b say buong:Thiet b lam viec theo chu ky. Vat lieu a vao buong say tng me mot. o am va nhiet o thay oi theo thi gian say. Che o nhiet la khong on nh.

Trong thiet b say buong, moi chat say co the chuyen ong t nhien hay cng bc nh quat gio. Vat lieu c e tren khay, treo len gia hoac e tren bang tai.

2. Thiet b say ham: Lam viec lien tuc. Vat lieu c chat tren khay e tren xe goong hoac e tren bang tai va c a vao mot au ham va lay ra au kia.

3. Thiet b say bang tai: Dung bang chuyen e van chuyen vat lieu. Vat lieu trong thiet b tron nat t, nen can co s tiep xuc gia vat lieu va tac nhan say ong eu.

4. Thiet b say thung quay: Thiet b co the lam viec ap suat kh quyen hay chan khong. Co the tang cng kha nang trao oi nhiet trong qua trnh say bang cach thay oi v tr lien tuc cua vat lieu va phan bo eu trong dong chay cua tac nhan.

Co the lam viec lien tuc hay chu ky, chuyen dung e say vat lieu ri dang hat. Qua trnh say eu an va manh liet, cng o say cao.

5.Thiet b say thap: Chuyen dung e say cac loai nong san dang hat. Trong thap, vat lieu di chuyen nh the nang. Nhap lieu tren nh thap, thao lieu ay thap.

6. Thiet b say phun: Phun vat lieu (chat long) thanh hat nho va ri trong buong say. Tac nhan say c thoi va chuyen ong cung chieu vi vat lieu va say kho vat lieu.

Dung e say cac dung dch thanh bot nh sa, xa phong.

7. Thiet b say tang soi: Vat lieu say the soi, trao oi am vi dong tac nhan.

8. Thiet b say kh thoi: Thng dung e say cac loai hat nhe co o am chu yeu la am be mat. He thong say nay thng lam phng tien van chuyen t cho nay en cho khac theo yeu cau che bien. V hat vat lieu chuyen ong tnh tien theo dong kh, ong thi chuyen ong quay; do chuyen ong quay nen tieu ton mot phan nang lng, lam ket qua cua chuyen ong tnh tien b cham lai.

- Cac hat vat lieu b loi cuon theo dong tac nhan, v vay s trao oi nhiet, trao oi am gia tac nhan va vat lieu rat manh liet.

- Toc o kh rat ln, tuy thuoc vao kch c va khoi lng rieng cua vat lieu.

- Vat lieu say thuoc loai hat nho, kch c khong qua 8-10mm.

- Thi gian say ngan, hau nh qua trnh xay ra tc thi.

u iem: Thiet b co ket cau n gian, gon, von au t t, say vat lieu kho eu, nang suat cao.

Nhc iem: Tieu ton nhieu nang lng. Ch dung e tach am be mat (am t do) va dung e say cac vat lieu co tr lc truyen am be.

4.2. Chon thiet b say:

Tinh bot dang bot mn va chu yeu la am be mat phu hp s dung thiet b say kh thoi e say.

4.3. Chon la tac nhan say:

Tac nhan say thong thng co the chon khong kh hoac khoi lo. V ay la tinh bot dung lam thc an nen can co o sach nhat nh, do o phai dung tac nhan say la khong kh sach.

4.4. Chon che o say:Khi say ngc chieu, vat lieu ra se tiep xuc vi tac nhan say co nhiet o cao, de gay bien tnh san pham. Do o say ngc chieu thng ch thch hp cho vat lieu say co the chu c nhiet o cao. Tinh bot de b ho hoa va neu nhiet o cao se lam mau cua tinh bot khong trang nen em chon che o say cung chieu.

Phan 2QUI TRNH CONG NGHE

I. Chon qui trnh cong nghe:

II. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe:

Khong kh sach co nhiet o khoang 25oC c quat ay hut thoi vao calorife. Tai ay khong kh thc hien trao oi nhiet vi hi nc bao hoa (ap suat hi la 2at) lam tang nhiet o len en 100oC. Sau o khong kh c a en vao ong nhap lieu.

Tinh bot sau khi c tinh sach co o am khoang 45%, dang bot nhao c he thong van chuyen bang tai en vt tai nhap lieu, vao ong nhap lieu. Dung vt tai lien tuc khong lien truc, oan au dung canh xoan lien tuc khong lien truc e nhap lieu, oan cuoi dung canh xoan co dang la co tac dung anh ti bot nhao. Vat lieu hoa tron vi khong kh sach a c calorife gia nhiet tai oan nhap lieu. Dong kh thoi se thoi vat lieu a anh ti i vao ong say, i t di len thc hien qua trnh say. Vat lieu co kch thc ln se b rt xuong oan ri.

Vat lieu c dong kh nong van chuyen se thc hien qua trnh truyen nhiet, truyen khoi vi khong kh nong va tach am. i het chieu dai say, vat lieu a at o am theo yeu cau la 13% . Thi gian vat lieu i het chieu dai ong say (cung la thi gian say) la 5,43 s.

San pham (tinh bot a c tach am) c a vao he thong cyclon e loc bui va thu hoi san pham. Tinh bot thanh pham c tach khoi dong kh, ri xuong ay cyclon va vao bo phan cha san pham. Sau o c lam nguoi e tranh hut am tr lai roi c bang tai dang vt xoan van chuyen en he thong bao goi.

Con kh thai t cyclon c quat hut ra ngoai.

Phan 3 CAN BANG VAT CHAT & CAN BANG NANG LNGI. Cac thong so ban au:

1.Vat lieu say :

- Nang suat say (theo vat lieu): G1 = 2000 (kg/h).

- o am ban au: w1 = 45% (kg am/kg vat lieu t).

- o am cuoi: w2 = 13% (kg am/kg vat lieu t).

- ng knh trung bnh cua khoi hat : dtb = 15(25(m.

- Khoi lng rieng : = 1440 (1460 (kg/m3 ) ng vi o am w2 = 13%

( chon h cuoi = 1450

h au = 1284,5 (kg/m3 ) ng vi o am w1 = 45%

(

(kg/m3 )

- T trong = 2,71 - Nhiet dung dieng ( vat lieu kho) Ckho = 1,67 (kj/kgh).

- Nhiet o vao: 1 = 25oC

100 oC

= 1

45 C

25 oC

2.Tac nhan say:

- Khoi lng rieng cua khong kh: k (kg/m3)

- Nhiet o moi trng t0 = 25 oC

0 = 85%

- Nhiet o khong kh vao thiet b say: t1 = 100 ( C.

Tra o th ta co t = 37OC, P(t) = 0,0623 (bar) = 45,8 mmHg

( Nhiet o khong kh ra khoi b say: t2 = t + (5(10) = t + 8 = 45( C.

Tra cac thong so (Pb, d, I, ) theo o th I-d hay tnh theo cac cong thc sau:

II. Can bang vat chat:

Nang suat say theo san pham:

Lng am can tach:

Say ly thuyet:

B

C

A

Thong soA (iem ban au)B (iem 1)C (iem 2)

t ( C)2510045

(%)852,761,8

x(kg/kgkkk)0,017460,017460.03953

I(kj/kgkkk)69,5147,3147,3

Pb(bar)0,03150,99870,0949

P (bar)0,026810,026810,05865

P(mmHg)19,719,743,1

Lng khong kh kho can thiet e lam boc hi 1kg am (lng tieu hao rieng)

l = (kgkkk/kg am bay hi)

Tong lng khong kh kho:

(kg/h)III. Can bang nang lng:

Lng nhiet can thiet e bay hi 1kg am (lng nhiet tieu hao rieng).

q0 = (kJ/kg am bay hi)

Q mang vao:

Dong khong kh: L0I0 Vat lieu: Gvl(1) Cvl(1)1 + WCH2O1

Bo phan mang vat lieu: Gvc1Cvc1tvc1 Bo phan ot nong: Q

Do ot nong bo sung trong phong say: Qb Q mang ra:

Dong khong kh: L0I2

Vat lieu: Gvl2Cvl22

Do bo phan chuyen vat lieu: Gvc2Cvc2tvc2 Do ton that: Qm Ta co:

Q mang vao = Q mang ra

Cvl1 = Cvl2 = Cvl Gvc1 = Gvc2 = GvcDo say kh thoi:

GvcCvctvc = 0

Qb = 0

Suy ra:

L0I0 + GvcCvc1 + WCH2O1 + Q = L0I2 + GvlCvl2 +QmTong nang lng can thiet cho qua trnh say:

Q = Q + Qb = Q Q = L0(I2 I0) + GvlCvl(2 - 1) WCH2O1 + Qm Chia hai ve cho W ta co:

q = = - (CH2O1 qvl qm)

Suy ra:

I2 = I1 + (x2 x0) vi = CH2O1 qvl qm

Ta co:

Nhiet dung rieng cua vat lieu ra khoi thet b say:

Cv2 = Cv (1-w2) + Caw2 = 1,67(1-0.13) + 4,1816. 0,13 = 1,9965

Ton that do vat lieu mang i:

Qv = G2.Cv2.(2 1) = 736,5. 1,9965.(40 25) = 37864,81 kJ

(

(kJ/kg am bay hi)

Ton that nhiet do mat mat ra moi trng xung quanh:

qm = 5% q0 = 0.05.3532,12 = 176,11(kJ/kg am bay hi)

Lng nhiet do mot phan am trong vat lieu au em vao:

Cn. 1 = 4,1816. 25 = 104,54(kJ/kg am bay hi)

Suy ra ton that nhiet:

= Cn1 qv qm = 104,54 51,47 176,11 = -123,039 (kJ/kg am bay hi)

( Qua trnh say thc:

(kg/kgkkk)

(kj/kgkkk)

(bar)

(Qua trnh say thc:

Thong soA (iem ban au)B (iem 1)C (iem 2)

t ( C)2510045

(%)852,761,8

x(kg/kgkkk)0,017460,017460,0385

I(kj/kgkkk)69,5147,3144,69

Pb(bar)0,03150,99870,09495

P (bar)0,031540,026810,057247

P(mmHg)23,1819,742

Vay lng khong kh kho can thiet thc te e lam boc hi 1kg am (lng tieu hao rieng):

ltt = (kgkkk/kg am bay hi)

Lng khong kh thc te:

Ltt = = (kg/h)

Nhiet o trung bnh cua qua trnh say:

(oC)

72,5 oC ta co: (k = 1,0232 (kg/m3)

(k = 2,02.10-5 (m2/s)

(k = 2,07.10-5 (Ns/m2)

Vay the tch khong kh kho:

(m3/h)

Phan 4TNH TOAN & THIET KE THIET B CHNH

I. Tnh van toc lang:

Ta thay: Ar < 3.6 (

n = 1

Suy ra: < 0.2( ap dung cong thc stock

Van toc lang:

(m/s)

II. Tnh thi gian say:

He so trao oi am:

Cng o say s bo:

Trong o:

B = 745

Vi:

Vay:

Be mat rieng cua vat lieu:

(m2/kg)

Toc o say:

N = 100.Jm.f = 100. 1,92. 219,42 = 42144,42(m/h)

o am can bang:

wc = 10,1%

o am ti han:

Thi gian say ang toc:

(h)

Thi gian say giam toc:

(h)

Thi gian say tong cong:

III. Xac nh kch thc thiet b chnh:

1. ng knh ong say:

(m)

( Chon ng knh ong say: D = 1200 mm

2. Chieu dai ong say:

Ls = (.(vk w0) = 5,43.(8 0,023) = 43,35 (m)

( Chon chieu dai ong say: Ls = 43,5 m

3. Chieu dai oan nhap lieu:

vmax = wlang khi hat trang thai ban au:

- (v = 1284,5 kg/m3

- d = 4 mm = 4.10-3 m

Dnl: ng knh oan nhap lieu

( : goc vao cua tac nhan (o) chon ( = 90o

Tnh vmax:

Ta thay: Ar > 84000 (

n = 0

Suy ra:

Ta thay: Re > 500 (

Vay ta co cong thc tnh van toc lang:

m/s

( van toc kh: vk = (1,3(1,5)w0 = 1,5.12,15 = 18,23 m/s

ng knh oan nhap lieu:

(m)

Chieu dai oan nhap lieu:

(m)

4. Chieu dai oan ri:

(m)

( Vay chieu dai tong:

L = Ls + Lnl + Lr = 43,5 + 1,2 + 0,8 = 45,5 (m)

IV. Tnh toan c kh cho thiet b chnh:

1. Xac nh be day ong say:

Ap suat:

V Ptt nho nen ta chon be day cho ong say (( = 5 mm. Ong say lam bang thep CT3,

2. Tnh bch cho ong say:

a. Chon bch cho ong say:

Chon bch lien khong co v ap suat nho.

Chon khoang cach gia 2 bch la 2 m

Da vao ng knh ong say chon kch thc bch:

Dt = 1200 mm suy ra:

- A = D = 1340 mm

- C = Db = 1290 mm

- Bulong: M20 ( db = 20 mm

- So bulong Z = 32

- h = 25 mm

- Tong so bch: nbch= 23 cai

- Tong so bulong: nbulong = 736 cai

b. Chon bch cho oan nhap lieu:

Chon bch lien khong co da vao ng knh Dnl = 800 mm

- A = D = 930 mm

- C = Db = 880 mm

- Bulong: M20 ( db = 20 mm

- So bulong Z = 24

- h = 20 mm

- Tong so bch: nbch= 2 cai

- Tong so bulong: nbulong = 48 cai

3. Tnh cach nhiet cho ong say:

CT3 tf1 khong kh

khong kh nong

tf2 = 25 C

tw1 tw2

= 3mm

Mat o dong nhiet q truyen qua mot n v be mat (S) truyen nhiet

q = kt = k(tf1 tf2) =

Nhiet o trung bnh cua tac nhan say: tf1 = 72,5 C

tf2 = tmt = 25 C

Than ong lam bang thep CT3 co he so dan nhiet = 46,5 (w/mK)

Pha trong ong la trao oi nhiet oi lu cng bc nen he so trao oi nhiet gia tac nhan say vi be mat trong cua thung say:

(1 = 7,5. vk0,78 = 7,5. 80,78 = 37,97 (w/m2hK)

Trao oi nhiet oi lu pha ngoai gia mat ong vi khong kh xung quanh la trao oi nhiet oi lu t nhien chay roi, 2 = 1,715(tw2 tf2)0,333 theo VD BT 10

Mat o dong nhiet phai thoa man:

q1 = q2 = q3 Vi q1 = (1(tf1 - tw1) = 37,97.(72,5 tw1) (1)

q2 = (tw1 tw2) = (tw1 tw2) (2)

q3 = 2(tw2 tf2)1,333 (3)

(2) tw2 = tw1 q1

(3) q3 = 1,715(tw2 25)1,333 Neu q1 = q3 xem gia tr chon thoa

tw1 = 66,11 oC( q1 = 37,97.(72,5 tw1) = 242,65

( tw2 = 66,08 oC

Do nhiet o ngoai tw2 = 66,08 oC kha ln nen ta cach nhiet cho ong say bang lp bong thuy tinh day 2 = 8mm, he so dan nhiet 2 = 0,05(w/mK)

Suy ra:

tw3 = tw1 q1 = 27,26oCPhan 5

TNH TOAN CAC CHI TIET PHU

I. Tnh cyclon:Chon cyclon to hp do:

-Thu san pham vi khoi lng kha ln. -Lu lng kh ln. -Van toc dong kh ln (nong o hat cao). -Cyclon nay co the ngan can dong kh lan tran len pha tren va hng no theo mot pha. -Hieu suat cao. Lu lng kh vao cyclon:

Vk = 34136,73 (m3/s) = 9,48 (m3/s) Chon xyclon to hp c ghep bi 6 xyclon n loai (H-15. Loai nay hieu suat lam sach bui cao nhat, he so sc can ln. ng knh xyclon:

Vi:( = 105

wq = 3,52(m/s)

(m3/s) ( D = 0,756 (m) chon D = 750 (mm)

Bunke cha bui:

The tch lam viec cua bunke oi vi nhom 6 xyclon: Vbunke = 7m3 (Bang III.5a, [3]).

Goc nghieng cua thanh bunke: chon 60o.

d1

a h4

a h1 (

L h2 H

D

h3

d2 h

Dung loai xyclon H-15 co kch thc sau: - D = 750 mm

- Chieu cao ca vao: a = 0,66D = 495mm

- Chieu cao ong tam co mat bch h1= 1,74D = 1305mm

- Chieu cao phan hnh tru h2= 2,26D = 1695mm

- Chieu cao phan hnh non h3= 2D = 1500 mm

- Chieu cao phan ben ngoai ong tam h4= 0,3D = 225 mm

- Chieu cao chung H = 4,56D = 3240 mm

- ng knh ngoai ong ra d1= 0,6D = 450 mm

- ng kmh trong cua ca thao bui d2= 0,4D = 300 mm

- Chieu rong ca vao b1/b2 = 195/150 - Chieu dai cua ong ca vao L = 0,6D = 450mm

- Khoang cach t tan cung Cyclon en mat bch h5= 0,3D = 225mm

- Goc nghieng gia nap ong va ca vao ( = 15( - He so tr lc ( = 105

Tr lc cyclon

II. Tnh toan calorife:

Calorifer la thiet b truyen nhiet dung e gia nhiet gian tiep cho khong kh say. Trong ky thuat thng dung hai loai calorifer la calorifer kh hi va calorifer kh khoi. ay ta chon calorifer kh hi, loai thiet b truyen nhiet kieu ong chum. Trong ong la hi nc bao hoa ngng tu va ngoai ong la khong kh chuyen ong. He so trao oi nhiet cua nc ngng ln hn nhieu so vi he so trao oi nhiet oi lu gia mat ngoai cua ong vi khong kh, do o, ben ngoai ong pha khong kh c lam canh e tang cng truyen nhiet. Vay calorifer s dung la loai ong chum vi ong co canh. Calorifer c bo tr nam ngang.

Bang 1 : Cac thong so cua cac tac nhan qua caloriferTac nhan sayKhong khNhiet o vao t2 = to25oC

Nhiet o ra t2c = t1100oC

Hi ot Hi nc bao hoa ngng tuAp suat p2 at

Nhiet o ngng tu T119,6oC

Chon mot so kch thc cua calorifer e s dung trong tnh toan:

Bang 2: Mot so kch thc cua calorifer

Thong soKy hieun vGia trGhi chu

OngChieu daiLm1,0Chon theo tieu chuan, [2]

ng knh ngoaid2m0,049Chon theo tieu chuan: ong 49 x 4

Be day ongm0,004

ng knh trongd1m0,041d1 = d2 2

Bc ong ngang dong lu chats1m0,1Chon theo tieu chuan oi vi chum ong co canh

Bc ong doc dong lu chat ngoai ongs2m0,1Trng hp xep ong so le

CanhChieu dai canhhm0,003Chon

Khoang cach gia 2 canh lien tieptcm0,005

Be day canhcm0,0005

ng knh canhdcm0,055dc = d2 + 2h

He so dan nhiet cua vat lieu lam ong va canh

W/mK57Thep CT20

1. Tnh hieu so nhiet o trung bnh:- Hieu so nhiet o cua 2 dong lu chat au vao va ra cua calorifer:

t1 = t1 t2 = 119,6 25 = 94,6 (oC)

t2 = t1c t2c = 119,6 100 = 19,6 (oC)

- Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh gia tac nhan say va hi nc cap nhiet:

2. Tnh he so cap nhiet pha khong kh ngoai ong 2: [6]

2.1. Cac thong so cua khong kh ngoai ong:

Tac nhan say la khong kh nhiet o moi trng t2 = to = 25oC sau khi qua calorifer se c gia nhiet len t2c = t1 = 100oC e i vao thung say.Bang 3: Cac thong so cua khong kh di chuyen ngoai ongSTTThong soK hieun vNguon

Cong thcGia tr

1Nhiet o trung bnhtkoC

62,5

2o am trung bnhkn v

0,43845

3He so dan nhiet(kW/m,oKCT 1.36, [2]0,02915

4o nht(kNs/m2Bang I.114, [2]2,01125,10-5

5Ap suat hi bao hoapbbarTnh theo nhiet o tk0,22058

6Khoi lng rieng(kkg/m3Trang 15, [2]1,0522

7o nht ong(km2/s

1,93,10-5

2.2. Tnh he so cap nhiet (2:

Bc canh:

sc = t + (c = 0,005 + 0,0005 = 0,0055 (m)

So canh tren mot ong:

(canh)

( lam tron nc = 182 canh, Dien tch phan khong lam canh cua mot ong:

(m2)

Dien tch phan canh cua mot ong:

ng knh tng ng cua ong:

Lu lng khong kh vao calorifer:

Vo = vo.L = 0,8994.34928,71 = 31414,88 (m3/h) = 8,7264 (m3/s)

trong o:vo : the tch rieng cua khong kh tai 25oC, m3/kg

L : lu lng tac nhan kho, kg/h.Chon ng knh cua ong dan kh trong he thong la 0,8m.Van toc dong kh i trong ng ong:

(m/s)

Chon ng knh ca vao cua calorifer la 0,8m.

(m/s)

Van toc khong kh tai khe hep nhat cua calorifer:

Chuan so Reynolds:

Vi ong xep so le, chuan so Nusselt:

He so cap nhiet cua canh:

(W/m2,oK)

He so cap nhiet tng ng pha ong co canh:

trong o:

: dien tch ngoai cua mot ong co canh

(m2)

Hieu suat canh tron (c:

vi:

[1-120/104/Bui Hai]

Vay, he so cap nhiet pha ngoai ong:

He so lam canh:

3. Tnh he so cap nhiet pha trong ong (1: [6]S cap nhiet pha trong ong la cap nhiet do hi nc bao hoa ngng tu trong ong ng.Bang 4: Cac thong so cua hi nc bao hoa ngng tu trong ongSTTThong soKy hieun vGia trGhi chu

1Ap suat cua hi nc ngng tupat2Chon

2Nhiet o nc ngngToC119,6Bang Phu luc 57, [6]

3Nhiet o thanh ong pha tiep xuc hi nc ngng tutwoC116,0Chon

4Nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc ngng tutmoC117,8

5He so dan nhiet(nW/m,oK0,68- Lay tm- Bang I,249, [2]

6o nht(nNs/m20,24.10-3

7Khoi lng rieng(nkg/m3945

8o nht ong(nm2/s2,56.10-7

9An nhiet ngng turJ/kg2212,7,103- Lay T,- Bang Phu luc 57, [6]

He so cap nhiet khi ngng tu hi nc bao hoa tren ong ng, khi mang chat ngng tu chay tang:

,W/m2K

trong o:

(trang 120/[6])

t : hieu so nhiet o:

t1= T tw = 119,6 116= 3,6 (oC)

4. He so truyen nhiet K: [6] Ty so gia ng knh ngoai va ng knh trong cua ong:

Vi d2/d1 < 1,4 th he so truyen nhiet K c tnh nh vi vach phang:

Kiem tra lai viec chon tw:

Theo phng trnh truyen nhiet, ta co mat o dong nhiet truyen qua tng phang:

Ta co:

q = K,ttb = 20916,5(W/m2)

(

(oC)

Ta thay: t1(tt) t1

( viec chon tw = 116oC la chap nhan c,

5. Tnh dien tch be mat truyen nhiet va kch thc calorifer:

Nhiet lng can cung cap cho calorifer:

Q = L.(I1 Io) = 34928,71.(147,28 69,57) = 2714411(kJ/h)(II)

= 754003,1 (J/s)

Dien tch be mat trong cac ong:

(m2)

Tong so ong trong calorifer:

(ong)

( chon n = 280 ong

Vi kieu bo tr ong tren mang ong so le vi tong so ong cua thiet b n = 280 ong,Ta chon so ong trong moi hang ong m = 28 ( so hang ong:

Kch thc thiet b:

6. Tr lc qua calorifer:

He so tr lc:

Tr lc cuc bo qua calorifer:

III. Tnh vt tai nhap lieu: [11]

Vt tai thuoc bo phan van chuyen khong co thiet b keo. Chi tiet chnh cua vt tai la vt tai xoan chuyen ong quay trong mot vo knh co tiet dien tron di. Khi vt chuyen ong, canh xoan ay vat lieu di chuyen trong vo. Vat lieu van chuyen khong bam vao canh xoan la nh trong lng cua no va lc ma sat gia vat lieu va vo mang, do o vat lieu chuyen ong trong mang theo nguyen ly truyen ong vt ai oc.

Vt tai dung e van chuyen vat lieu ti vun theo phng nam ngang, thang ng hoac nam nghieng.

u iem: Vt tai dung e van chuyen trong mang kn do o khong ton that ri vai, an toan khi lam viec va s dung rat thuan li cho viec van chuyen vat lieu nong va oc hai.

Nhc iem:

- Nang suat thap

- Chieu dai van chuyen ngan.

- Vat lieu b nghien nat mot phan khi van chuyen,

- Tieu ton nhieu nang lng hn so vi bang tai.

Chon vt tai nam ngang thuoc loai canh xoan lien tuc khong lien truc do van chuyen vat lieu dang hat co kch thc kha ln va vat lieu dnh. Phan cuoi cua vt tai dung canh xoan dang la co tac dung anh ti vat lieu.

Nang suat vt tai nam ngang:

Q = 47 . D2 .n.S.(.(.C

D: ng knh ngoai canh vt

S: bc vt ( Chon S = D

n: So vong quay cua truc vt

So vong quay ln nhat cua truc vt:

nmax =

Ta chon A = 30

(: khoi lng rieng vat lieu, ( = 1284,5(kg/m3) = 1,2845 (T/h)

(: he so cha ay ( Chon ( = 0,4

C: He so tnh ti viec giam nang suat khi vt tai at ngang ( C = 1 Chon n = 47,5 (v/ph)

Q: nang suat cua vt tai ( Q = G1 = 2000 kg/h = 2 T/h

Vay ng knh ngoai canh vt la:

Da vao bang kch thc tieu chuan cua ng knh va canh vt ta chon:

D = 125 mm

S = 125 mm

Cong suat vt tai:

N =

L: chieu dai van chuyen vat lieu theo phng ngang ( Chon L = 1 m

C0: He so tr lc xac nh bang thc nghiem ( C0 = 1,2 (oi vi vat lieu la bot, mun, ca, hat),

(

Cong suat ong c:

IV.Tnh va chon quat:

1. Thiet ke ng ong:

Do he thong say dai, co tr lc ln nen ta dung 2 quat at au va cuoi he thong:

Quat at au he thong quat ay, co nhiem vu cung cap khong kh cho caloriphe. Khong kh ngoai tri c quat ay a qua caloriphe, trao oi nhiet roi a vao thung say, qua mot oan ong cong 130o. Quat at cuoi he thong quat hut, co nhiem vu hut tac nhan say qua ong say e cap nhiet cho vat lieu say va qua cyclon e thu hoi san pham. ng ong t sau ong say en trc cyclon co tiet dien hnh ch nhat va bang tiet dien ca vao cyclon, co 1 oan cong 90o va re lam 6 nhanh e i vao nhom 6 cyclon. oi vi 6 nhanh re tren ng ong trc cyclon th lu lng bang 1/6 lu lng nhanh chnh. Van toc kh:

, m/s

vi: Song : dien tch tiet dien ngang cua ong,

Chon quat ly tam ap suat trung bnh 9-57, No8 co kch thc:

Mat bch ca ra : hnh vuong, B = 560mm.

Mat bch ca vao: hnh tron, D = 800mm.

Bang 5: Bang tom tat cac thong so cua khong kh tren ng ongai lngKy hieu n vTrang thai khong kh ngoai tri

Trang thai khong kh vao thiet b say Trang thai khong kh ra khoi thiet b say

Nhiet ot (oC)2510045

o am( (n v)0,850,0270,618

Lu lngV (m3/h)29475,7136922,5231453,14

V (m3/s)8,1910,268,74

Khoi lng riengk (kg/m3)1,1850,9461,1105

o nhtkNs/m2)1,84x10-52,19x10-51,94x10-5

Bang 6: Bang thiet ke ng ongS T TBat au oan ongoan ongKet thuc oan ong

iem bat auKch thc (mm)Chieu dai l (m)Kch thc (mm)Lu lng kh V (m3/s)Van toc kh v (m/s)iem ket thucKch thc (mm)

1Ca ra quat ay( 560x5600,5( 800x8008,1912,8Loi vao caloriphe( 800x800

2Ca ra caloriphe( 800x8001( 800x80010,2616Ca vao oan nhap lieu( 800x800

3Ca thao lieu( 550x4953 (nhanh chnh)(550x4958,7432,1Nhanh re150x495

Nhanh re( 150x4950,5x6 (6 nhanh re)( 150x4951,4619,61Ca vao cyclon( 150x495

4Ca ra cua cyclon( 150x5500,5x6 (6 nhanh re)( 150x4951,4619,61Nhanh chnh ra(500

5Nhanh chnh ra(5003(5008,7422,24Ca vao quat hut(800

12(8008,7417,4

2. Tnh tr lc ng ong:

2.1. Tr lc ma sat tren ng ong:

Chuan so Reynolds:

,trong o:

v, k, k : van toc (m/s), khoi lng rieng (kg/m3), o nht (Ns/m2) cua khong kh say tai cac v tr tng ng,

Dt : ng knh tng ng cua ng ong (m)

Ong tron : Dt = Dong Ong hnh ch nhat :

a, b : chieu dai 2 canh cua tiet dien ong(m)

S : dien tch tiet dien ong, (m2)

( : chu vi tiet dien ong, (m)

Vi khong kh chay xoay roi, Re ( 4000, xem dong chay khu vc nhan thuy lc ( he so tr lc ma sat , theo Bang II.12, [2].

Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc ma sat trong ong dan:

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3 Bang 7: Ket qua tnh tr lc ma sat tren ng ongSTToan ongL (m)Dt (m)RePl (mmH2O)

1Quat ay ( caloriphe0,50,8006,59x1050,0120,07

2Caloriphe (thiet b say10,8005,54x1050,01240,2

3ong say (cyclonNhanh chnh30,529,58x1050,0124

6 nhanh re0,50,232,59x1050,02481,17

4cyclon( quat hut6 nhanh re0,50,232,59x1050,02481,17

Nhanh chnh30,56,38x1050,01252,1

Nhanh chnh( quat120,87,97 x1050,0123

mmH2O

3. Tnh tr lc cuc bo: [10] Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo trong ong dan:

vi: : He so tr lc cuc bo

3.1. ot m:

He so ton that cot ap cuc bo cua dong chay qua ong phan ky:

(CT P8.5, [10])

vi:

A1, A2 : dien tch tiet dien ong nho va ong m rong, m2

k : he so

Vi goc m = 6o th k = 0,1 (Bang b2, [10])

Ap suat Pcb tnh theo v2Bang 8: Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo do ot m ot m

V tr tr lcOng nhoOng m rong(v2

Dt1 (m)A1 (m2)Dt2 (m)A2 (m2)

ca ra quat ayc ng ong0,560,310,80,640,02612,80,25

Ca ra cyclon ( quat hut0,50,190,80,50,03717,40,6

3.2. Uon cong:

- Tren he thong co 1 lan uon cong 120o tren ong vuong la sau caloriphe e en he thong say, 1 lan uon cong 90o tren ong tron t cyclon en quat va mot lan uon cong 45o tren ong tron t ong say en ca thao lieu.

- He so ton that cot ap cuc bo cua dong chay tai cho uon cong, oi vi ong tiet dien tron:

Ta co:

(CT P8.10, [10])

vi:

Ro : ban knh uon

D : ng knh ong

Chon ( k = 0,29 (Bang b7, [11])

Bang9: Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo do uon cong

V tr tr lcGoc uon cong vP (mmH2O)

Calorife (ong say1200,3816,024,78

Ong say ( ca thao lieu450,1480,5

Cyclon ( quat hut900,2917,44,9

3.3. He so tr lc tren ong 3 nga: [2]

F1, F2, F3 : dien tch mat cat ngang cua ong tap trung, ong thang va ong nhanh, m2, Ta co: F1 = F2 ,

: goc phan nhanh, chon

vvv3 : van toc dong tai cac mat cat tng ng, m/s,

Ap suat Pcb tnh theo v1 Tr lc tren ong re: He so tr lc tren ong retra theo bang II,16, No22, [2] da vao ty so

Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo tren ong re Pcb5 (6 oan re vao 6 cyclon)

Bang10: Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo do tr lc tren ong re V tr tr lcOng tap trungOng thangOng nhanhv3/v2P (mmH2O)

F1v1F2v2F3v3

Kh vao cyclon0,2732,10,2732,10,0719,60,610,529

Kh ra cyclon0,2522,20,2522,20,0719,60,880,5114

( Tong ton that cuc bo:

4. Tr lc trong thiet b say:

(p = (ptt + (pms + (pmh + (pg (ptt: ap suat thuy tnh (ton that)

(k khoi lng rieng khong kh.

(pms: ton that do ma sat cua kh vi thanh ong.

(pms =

(pmh: ton that ap suat do ma sat gia hat va thanh ong.

(pmh =

(pg:ton that ap suat e tao ra cho vat lieu van chuyen:

(pg=

5. Tr lc cyclon:

Pcyclon= 67,9 mmH2O

6. Tr lc calorife:

Pcal = 184 mm H2O

7. Tnh tr lc cho he thong:

Ton that cot ap ong tai ca ra cua quat:

Van toc kh tai ca ra cua quat:

,m/s

Ton that cot ap ong:

Tong ton that cot ap tnh:

Ton that cot ap tnh toan:

Ptt = Pt + P = 327 + 41,17 = 368,17(mmH2O)

Ton that cot ap toan phan cho he thong van chuyen bang kh:

mmH2O

(CT II,23b, [2])

vi:k: he so

a: nong o khoi lng tng oi cua hon hp, kg bui/kg kh sach

8. Tnh cong suat va chon quat:

Nang suat cua quat V (m3/h): oi vi khong kh t ban th nang suat quat lay bang lu lng khong kh theo tnh toan ieu kien lam viec.

Tr lc ma quat phai khac phuc P (N/m2): lay ton that cot ap toan phan ieu kien lam viec.

(mmH2O)

Cong suat tren truc ong c ien, khi van chuyen khong kh nhiet o cao:

,kW(CT II.239b, [2])

vi:.q : hieu suat quat, lay theo ac tuyen

( theo hnh II.60a [2] ta co q = 0.62

.tr : hieu suat truyen ong.

kW Cong suat ong c ien:

Nc = k3.N,kW(CT II.240, [2])

vi: .k3 : he so d tr. Theo bang II.48 [2] ta co k3 = 1.1

Cac thong so cua quat va ong c: ta s dung 2 quat 9-57, No8 nh ban au a chon co cac thong so giong nhau la hp ly.

Bang 11: Cac thong so cua quat Thong soKy hieuGia trGhi chu

Ky hieu quat 9-57, No8Tra o th ac tuyen quat ly tam 9-57, No8 (Hnh II.60a, [2])

Hieu suat0.62

Van toc (rad/s)97

Cac thong so c ban cua quat:

Phan 6

TNH TOAN S BO GIA THANH CHI TIET&THIET B

STTThiet bVat lieu So lngn v tnhn gia (ong/n v tnh)Thanh tien

(ong)

1Ong sayThep CT33325kg10.00033.250.000

Bch ong sayThep CT36406.400.000

2Xyclon - bunkeThep 45145014.500.000

3CalorifeVo CT3 ong 15X5M165016.500.000

4Quat (ca motor)2 x 45,8HP600.00054.960.000

5Bulong1284Cai2.0002.568.000

6Gia Thep CT3156kg10.0001.560.000

Ton gai100kg8.000800.000

7Lp cach nhiet Bong thuy tinh0,9m35.000.0004.500.000

8ng ongThep CT3588kg10.0005.880.000

Bch ong sayThep CT3338kg10.0003.380.000

Tong tien vat t114.298.000

Tien cong che tao lay bang 100% tien vat t114.298.000

Gia thanh thiet b228.596.000

Phan 7

KET LUAN

Thiet b say kh thoi a thiet ke tren co the lam viec vi cac thong so k thuat sau:

Nang suat 2000 kg/h.

o am 45% ( 13%.

Thi gian say: 5,43s.

Nhiet o tac nhan say vao thiet b: 100(C.

Nhiet o tac nhan say ra khoi thiet b: 45(C. Say kh thoi la mot phng phap n gian, de van hanh, de che tao, thi gian say nhanh, thuan li cho qua trnh van hanh lien tuc.

Say kh thoi chu yeu tach am be mat nen trong qua trnh say oi hoi s xao tron vat lieu. Do o, phng phap nay oi hoi s tieu ton nang lng ln. Nang lng ot nong khong kh va nang lng ay vat lieu di chuyen len cao. V vay, phng phap nay ch thch hp dung e say cac loai vat lieu dang bot, hat nho.

Thiet b c thiet ke trong o an nay co u iem la tao dong kh manh ay vat lieu i, say eu vat lieu nhng cung co mot so nhc iem:

( Chieu cao kha ln, kho khan cho viec lap at.

( Chi ph cho nhien lieu ln.

( Nhiet o cua hi khong on nh, kho ieu chnh

( Thiet b cong kenh

( Chi ph che tao cao.

Tai lieu tham khao

[1].Tran Van Phu, Tnh toan va thiet ke he thong say, NXB Giao duc, 2002.

[2].Tran Xoa va cac tac gia, So tay qua trnh thiet b trong cong nghe hoa chat, tap 1, NXB KHKT, 1999.

[3].Tran Xoa va cac tac gia, So tay qua trnh thiet b trong cong nghe hoa chat, tap 2, NXB KHKT, 1999.

[4].Nguyen Van Lua, K thuat say vat lieu, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2001.

[5].Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke Tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b hoa chat, tap 1, NXB KHKT, 1978.

[6].Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam, QT & TB Cong nghe hoa hoc tap 10 V du va bai tap, Trng H Bach khoa.

[7].Nguyen Trong Hiep, Nguyen Van Lam, Thiet ke chi tiet may, NXB Giao duc, 2000.

[8].Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke Tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b hoa chat, tap 2, NXB KHKT, 1978.

[9].Bui Hai, Dng c Hong, Ha Manh Th Thiet b trao oi nhiet ai hoc bach khoa Ha Noi, 1996.

[10].Nguyen Th Phng Le Song Giang, C lu chat (Tom tat ly thuyet va bai tap), HBK TPHCM, 2001.

[11]. Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam Qua trnh va thiet b trong cong nghe hoa hoc, tap 2 C hoc vat lieu ri NXB KHKT

EMBED AutoCAD.Drawing.15

s1

s2

t

F

t2c

t2

T

EMBED AutoCAD.Drawing.15

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3 EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3 : dien tch phan canh cua mot ong.

EMBED Equation.3 : dien tch phan khong canh cua mot ong.

EMBED Equation.3 : dien tch ngoai cua mot ong co canh (pha khong kh).

EMBED Equation.3 : dien tch trong cua mot ong co canh (pha hi nc ngng tu).

Hnh: Cac dien tch be mat cua ong co canh

(m2)

(m)

(m/s)

(W/m2K)

(

(W/m2K)

(W/m2K)

(CT II.55, [2])

(CT II.56, [2])

EMBED AutoCAD.Drawing.15

Ro

a

R

D

b

Hnh: Ong uon cong goc

EMBED AutoCAD.Drawing.15

V1, F1, v1

V2, F2, v2

V3, F3, v3

Hnh SEQ Hnh \* ARABIC 2: Ong 3 nga

Hnh 14: Thong so cua quat 9-57, No8

Trang 40

_1179548845.unknown

_1180835844.unknown

_1180910278.unknown

_1180910605.unknown

_1181169713.unknown

_1181170604.unknown

_1181178962.dwg

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