saw online journal - november 2013

8/14/2019 SAW Online Journal - November 2013

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/saw-online-journal-november-2013 1/30

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SAW - Social Action for Women



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yifv,f aºu atmuf wd kbm - 4 (rJaqmuf )

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t&ufESif h aq;0g;oH k;pG Jr_ Alcohol and Substance Use &efvk dpdwfwk dr_ Aggression vuf iif;jy\em&yfrsm;Current Problems,

vH kðcHpdwfcs&r_ Safety wd k @ESif h ouf qk difonf h ar;cGef;tcsKdŒuk d tcsdeftenf ;i,f ,l ajz=um;&rSmjzpfygw,f?tqk dyg ppfwrf;ar;cGef;. tajzrsm;rS &&S donf h&rSwfrsm;ay:rlwnfumCETA ukxH k; ay;oih f/ roih fESih f ay;tyfoih fygu rnfonh f

ukxH k;yH kpH ay;tyfrnfuk d tywfpOfðyvkyfaeonf h }uD;=uyfr_tpnf ;ta0;wGif qH k;jzwfum/ txyfxyf avhusih foif=um;ay;xm;onf hu|rf;usif aumifq,f vm(Counselors) rsm;xJu oih favsmfolwOD;tm;CETA ukxH k;ay;tyf&ef wm0efay;ygonf? jrefrm-xk dif;e,fpyfrJaqmufòrdŒtajcpk duf trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf vlr_apmih fa&Smufa&; tzG J @Social Action for Women (SAW) ESih f Ek difiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmih fa&Smufa&; toif; (AAPP – Burma) wk d @&S d pepfwus avhusih f oifwef;rsm; &,lxm;+yD;onf h aumifq,f vm25 OD;wd k @uukor_ }uD;=uyfa&;rSL; 5 OD;/ }uD;=uyfa&;rSL;csKyf 2 OD;/ pDrHudef;twk difyifcH q&m0efwk d @. tqih fqih ftuJ jzwf }uD;=uyfr_wk d @jzih f “ukxH k;rsm;jzih fcsOf;uyfukojcif;”CETA . atmuf azmfjyyg ukxH k;tqif hqih fuk d pepfwus ay;tyf=uygonf?

t"du ukxH k;tqif hqif h Core Components

(1)? yl;aygif;yg0ifr_&S dapa&; tm;ay;wG Jac:aqmif&Gufjcif;? Encouraging Participation

pdwfusef;rma&;ESihfqufE$,faom tajctaersm;uk d ajz&Sif;ukoay;onfh tpDtpOfta=umif; tao;pdwf&Sif;jyumokawoeðy avhvmprf;oyf+yD;jzpfonf h ,ckukxH k;uk d oif=um;ay;jcif;jzih f cHpm;ae&aom pdwfcHpm;r_tajctaersm; oufomavsmhenf;yaysmufoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; ar#mfvhifcsufay;um yl;aygif;yg0ifvmapa&; aqmif&Gufygonf?

(2)? CETA ukxH k;rsm;ta=umif; &Sif;vif;rdwfqufjcif;? CETA Introduction

ukxH k;vufcH&,lol uvk dif;,ih f (client) . t&if ;ES D;qH k;rdwfaqG/ oli,f csif; ok d @r[kwf rdom;pk0ifwOD;OD;uk dyg zdwfac:+yD;

ukxH k;ay;tyfrnf h tpDtpOftao;pdwfuk d em;vnfvufcHap&ef&Sif;jyygonf? xk d @aemuf uvk dif;,ih fESih f wOD;csif;awG @qH kum odvk dor#ar;jref;onfrsm; &Sif;vif;ajz=um;jcif;/ ukxH k;rsm;ta=umif;/ tywfpOfawG @qH kr_ w}udrfpDwGif ta=umif;t&mrsm; ppfa=umjcif;/jyefvnf oH k;oyfjcif;rsm; yg0ifyH kESih f ukxH k;tpDtpOf =umjrif hcsdefumvwk d @uk d Oyrmrsm;oH k;I &Sif;jyjcif;ðyvkyfygonf?

(3)? tjcm;enf;vrf;jzih f awG;awmapjcif; tyk dif; 1? Thinking in a different way – Part 1

vlwk d @wGif tawG;rsm;/ cHpm;r_rsm;ESih f tðytrl wk d @qufpyfyH kud k em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef &Sif;vif;ajymjy+yD; ,if ;ok d @qufpyfr_uk d avhvmowdxm;rdapjcif;jzih f taumif;bufok d @ ajymif;vJawG;awmjcif;/ wenf; æ tusKd;ðyaom tawG;rsm; ajymif;vJawG;awmjcif;Cognitive Coping rsm; ðyvkyfum pdwfcHpm;r_rsm; oufomavsmhenf;apygonf? xk denf;jzih f usKd;a=umif; nD!GwfpGmajz&Sif;Ed kifr_pGrf;&nfud k jr‡ih fwifay;ygonf?

(4)? tjcm;enf;vrf;jzif h awG;awmjcif; tyk dif; 2? Thinking in a different way – Part 2

uvk dif;,ih f (client) . tusKd;rðyaom tawG;rsm;ta=umif;unhelpful thoughts aqG;aEG;=u+yD; pdwfcHpm;r_ aumif;vmap&efrnfok d @ awG;awmajymif;vJ&rnfud k avhvmwwfajrmufapygonf? tusKd;rðyaom tawG;rsm;jzpfapjcif;onf pdwfcHpm;r_uk dqk d;&Gm;apojzih f pdwfcHpm;r_ wk d;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef avhusih fawG;awm&rnf h twwf ynmrsm; oif=um;ay;ygonf?

(5)? t+yD;owf tqih frsm;? Finishing Steps

ukxH k;tqih fqih fuk d uvk dif;,ih f (client) tm; avhusih fwwfajrmufap+yD;aemuf ukxH k;vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; jyefvnf oH k;oyftESpfcsKyfapygonf? uvk dif;,ih f (client) taeESif h aemufaemif tcuf tcJjy\emrsm; ñuHawG @&ifqk difvm&ygu ajz&Sif; ausmfjzwfEk difap&ef jyefvnf ðcHiH k qef;ppfay;jcif;jzpfygonf?tjcm;ukxH k;tqih fqih f Additional Components





(6)? vH kðcHpdwfcsapr_ twwfynm? Safely Skills

uvk dif;,ih f (client) . vH kðcHr_uk d pk d;&drf&aomtajctaewGif ,ckukxH k;uk d taumiftxnf azmf&ygonf? awG @qH kr_t}udrfwk dif;wGif tcsdeftenf ;i,f ,l I uvk dif;,ih f (client) tm; ,if ;ukxH k;ud k avhusih fapygonf? ukxH k;onf aoa=umif;=uH&ef tawG;/aoa=umif;=uH&ef óud;pm;r_ESih f rvk dvm;tyfaom pGef @pm;r_ ponf h vH kðcHr_tEœ&m,frsm;uk d t"duxm; umuG,f ay;&efjzpfonf ?(7)? ajzav#mhtem;,l r_? Relaxation

pdwfcHpm;r_rsm;uk d &ifqk difajz&Sif;&ef zdpD;r_rsm; avsmhcsEk difaom enf;vrf;rsm; avhvmapjcif;jzpfonf ? cE<muk d,f tpdwftyk dif;toD;oD; zdpD;r_trsKd;rsKd;rS ouf omap&ef vkyfaqmif&jcif;jzpfygonf?(8)? Ek d;=um;wufºuvmap&ef aqmif&Gufr_? Getting Active

yH krSefvkyfuk difae=u t&mwckckud k vkyfaqmifzk d @&m tcuftcJ/ jy\em&S daeolrsm;tm; ,if;wk d @ vkyfaysmfuk difaysmf&S donf ht&mrsm; jyefvnf vkyfud kifapjcif;jzih f pdwfcHpm;r_ESih f tawG;rsm;uk d ajymif;vJapEk difa=umif; enf;vrf;ay;oifjyjcif; jzpfygonf?(9)? cufcJaom tjzpftysuf/ '%f&ma[mif;rsm;ta=umif; ajymqk djcif;? Talking about the difficult memories

uvk dif;,ih f (client) . pdwf'%f&mjzpf&yfrsm;tm; wjznf;jznf; tao;pdwfajymck dif;ap+yD; pdwf'%f&mjzpf&yf. tpd wftyk dif;tvk duf qufpyftawG;rsm;thoughts ESih f cHpm;r_rsm; feelings &,lygonf? ,if;ok d @ wjznf;jznf; azmfxkwfajymqk daepOftwGif;uvk dif;,ih f (client) . pdwfcHpm;r_twk dif;twm feeling rate uk d ppfaq;rSwfwrf;ðyygonf?(10)? vufawG@ azmfxkwfxdawG@r_? LIVE Exposure

uvk dif;,ih f. pd k;&drfylyefr_ud k avsmhusap&ef/ a=umuf&G HŒxdwfvef @r_rsm;tm; a&Smif=uOfpk d;&G HŒr_avsmhenf; yaysmufatmifavhusih faqmif&Gufr_/ txyfxyfðyvkyfapygonf?(11)? jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;jcif;? Solving Problems

jy\emrsm;ajz&Sif;jcif; ukxH k;tm; avhusih foif,l apjcif;jzih f pdwf"mwfusr_ depression ESih f pk d;&drfylyefr_ anxiety wk d @a=umih fjzpfay:aom pdwfcHpm;csufrsm; avsmhusap&ef ulnDEk dif+yD; jy\emrsm;ajz&Sif;Ek difjcif;onf uvk dif;,ih f . rdrduk d,f uk d wefzk d;xm;jcif;tm;wk d;wufvmap+yD; ,if ;wkd @ rdrdywf0ef;usiftay: xdef;csKyfEk difr_&Sdonf[k cHpm;vmEk difap&ef ulnDEkdifonf? ,if ;wkd @.b0wGifñuHawG @Ek difaom jy\emrsm;twGuf xk dukxH k;onf vGefpGmtoH k;0ifonf ?(12)? t&ufaopmESih f pG Jvef;apaomaq;0g;rsm; oH k;pG Jr_ tusOf;ukojcif;? Brief Intervention for Substance Use

t&ufaopmESif h pG Jvef;apaom aq;0g;rsm; toH k;ðyr_vGefuJum pdwfusef;rma&;xdck dufaeolrsm;tm; trSwfay;tqih fowfrSwf+yD; owfrSwfabmiftwGif;criteria 0ifolrsm;tm; tusOf;enf; ukoay;r_jzpfygonf?

azmfjyyg ukxH k; tqif hqih fjzih f okawoeumv 2010 - 2012/ (2)ESpfwmumvESih f 2012 - 2013 wk d;csJŒumv (1)ESpf/aygif; (3)ESpftwGif; pdwfusef;rma&; jy\em&S dolaygif;rsm;pGmtm; ukor_ay;cJ h+yD; atmifjrifr_&&S dcJ hygonf? pdwf'%f&m jzpf&yfa[mif;rsm;jyefvnfawG;awmjcif;jzihf tcuftcJrsm;pGmay:aygufum aexkdifr_ vlr_b0cufcJpGm ±kef;uefauspdwfcHpm;r_tajctaeESih f pdwfzdpD;r_rsm; avsmhenf;oufomvm=uygonf? ok d @ygI pdwfusef;rma&; taxmuftul tðytpDtpOfMental Health Assistance Program (MHAP) vufcH&,lvkdolrsm; atmufazmfjyyg tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESihf zkefqufoG,f ar;jref;I ppfwrf;assessment aumufcH,l um vk dtyfygu ukxH k;rsm; vufcH&,lEk difyga=umif; æ?

Johns Hopkins Field Office Catherine Lee - 087 1964 439.

Lae Lae Nwe - 081 0418 864.

Social Action for Women (SAW) a'gufwm xifaZmf - 080 1163 525.

roif;oif; - 086 1193 788.

ud kjrif hpd k; - 080 5097 287.

Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP- Burma) uk dausmfpk d;0if; - 087 8428 036.

a'guf wm xif aZmf

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7




xk dif;Ek difiH csif;rk difòrdŒ&S d trsKd;om; vdifazsmfajza&;vkyfief;awGutrsKd;om;i,f xuf 0ufausmfrSmjrefrmEk difiHujzpfa=umif; xd kif;Ek difiHtajcpd kuf okawoetzG J @tpnf;

wcsKdŒ&JŒ ppfwrf;wcku qk dygw,f?csif;rk dif wuUod kvfrSm pufwifbm26 &ufae@u Urban Light eJ @Love

146 tzG J @wk d @ yl;wG J+yD; “a,musfm;av;awG[m a&mif;p&mr[kwf”(Boys are Not 4 Sale) acgif;pOfeJ @usif;ywJ h A Study on Sexually

Exploited Young Males trnf &S dppfwrf;&Sif;vif;yGJrSm okawoe

ðyolawGu ajymqdkxkwfjyefcJwmyg?okawoeðyolwOD;jzpfwJ h

csif;rd kif trsKd;om; vdifazsmfajza&;vkyfom;rsm;wGif jrefrmjynfom; rsm;jym;vm

rpPwm *s&ufa';Apfu olwkd @ar;jref;cef;vkyfcJholtrsm;pk[m jrefrmEkdifiH &Srf;jynfe,fujzpf+yD; wcsKdŒuawmh u&ifjynfe,f /csif;jynfe,fwd k @ujzpfw,f vk d @ ajymcJ hygw,f? &Srf;/ u&if/ vDql;/ vm;[l/ tcg pwJ h jrefrmEk difiH &Srf;jynfe,fu wk dif;&if;om;wcsKdŒud kar;jref;cGih f&cJ hwmvk d @vnf; olu &Sif;jyygw,f? ppfwrf;aumuf,l &mrSm tcuftcJawG&S dayr,h f tckppfwrf;[m xk dif;Ek difiH csif;rk difòrdŒ&S dt"duvdifvkyfom; trsKd;om;i,fawG&Sd&m csif;rkdif naps;tygt0if ae&m (3)ck&Sd bm;qk difawG/ auwDAGDawGeJ@ trsKd;tES dyfcef;awGu vdifvkyfom; (50)avmufud k xk dif;bmompum;eJ @ ar;jref;xm;wmygvk d @ oluajymygw,f?

vdiftvk yform;vk d @qk d&if trsKd;orD;awGud kom vdiftoH k;awmfcHawGtjzpf vlodrsm;=uayr,h f 'guvnf ; wu,f wrf;

yGih fyGih fvif;vif; odyfr&S d=uygbl;? 'DtxJ urS trsKd;om;vdifvkyfom;qk dwm yd k+yD;awmhawmif od kodyf=uygw,fvk d @ okawoeðyolawGuqk dygw,f? trsKd;om;vdifvkyfom;awGu trsKd;orD;vdifvkyfom;awGeJ @ E_ dif;,SOf&if 3 csKd; 1 csKd;&S dw,f vd k @ tm&Sa'orSm trsKd;om;i,f av;awGud k vdifyd kif;qk dif&m usL;vGefae=ujcif;u tumtuG ,f ay;a&;vkyfaewJ h Love 146 u 'g¶k dufwm a'gufwmGlemn

Miles u ajymjyygw,f?'DavmurSm touf (18)ESpfausmfawGvnf ;&S d=uovd k touf (18)ESpfatmufawGu trsm;pkjzpfayr,h f tvk yf&SifawGu

touf ud k ajymrjyzd k @ [ef @wm;xm;yH k&w,fvd k @ olu quf ajymygw,f? trsKd;om;i,fav;awG[m vdiftaysmftyg; vd kufpm;olawG&JŒypfrSwf rjzpfoih fovk d vdifyd kif;qd kif&m tok H;cscHypPnf;vnf;rjzpfoih fbl;vk d @ okawoetzG J @u ajymygw,f?

vdifvkyfom;i,fav;awGeJ @ ywfouf +yD; vdifwlcspfol trsKd;om;awG (Gay) &JŒ tvd kqENjznh fay;zk d @/ Ek difiHjcm;oltygt0iftrsKd;orD;awG&JŒ toHk;awmfcHzd k@/ a*;(Gay) awGvk d toHk;cszk d @qdk+yD; (3)ykdif;&S da=umif; od&ygw,f? ppfwrf;t& 4 yHk 1 yH k[mazmufonfawGu ol wd k @qENud k jznh fqnf;zk d @twGufyJ vk dvm;+yD; t"rRvdifr_udpPvkyfwmrsKd;vnf;&S dw,f vd k @ qk dygw,f? ppfwrf;rSmawmht"duazmufonf awGu Ek difiHjcm;om;awGyJjzpfw,f vd k @ yg&S dygw,f?

touf 14 ESpf/ 15 ESpft&G,f trsKd;om;vdifvkyfom;u 44 &mck difE_ef;eJ @ trsm;qH k;jzpfae+yD; vdifvkyfom;i,f trsm;pkuawmholwk d @&JŒ vuf&S db0ud k &Suf&G HŒ=uygw,f? 80 &mck difE_ef;avmufu twef ;ynm 10 wef;atmufom&S dw,f vd k @ od&ygw,f? vdifvkyfom;vkyfoltrsm;pkuawmh ud k,h frdom;pkud k axmufyH hzk d @ aiGvk dwma=umih fjzpf=u+yD; wv tjrih fqH k;0ifaiGu bwfaiG 1 aomif;cG J (usyf 5odef;cef @)avmufjzpf+yD; tedrh fqH k;uawmh bwfaiG 6 axmifavmuf &S d=uygw,f? vdifynmay;todeJ @ ywfoufvk d @awmh vdifvkyfom;i,ftrsm;pk[m uGef'H k;tumtuG ,f toH k;ðywm&S d=uayr,h f azmufonfawG&JŒ tvk dvd kuf&wmawGvnf ; &S dcJ hw,f vk d @od&ygw,f?

'gayr,h f vdifvkyfom;xuf0ufausmfu HIV yk d; &S d§r&S d ppfaq;r_rvkyfzl;=ubJ HIV a&m*g ul;pufcH&r_tEœ&m,fuawmhvdifvkyfom;awGrSm pk d;&drfp&maumif;wJ h tajctae&S d=uw,fvd k @ rpPwm *s&ufa';Apf u &Sif;jyygw,f?

Source - http://burma.irrawaddy.org/sex-workers/2013/09/27/48688.html

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vpOfxkwf tGefvd kif; *sme,fvpOfxkwf tGefvdkif; *sme,f00mfrIefoHpOf00mfrIefoHpOfSAW - Social Action for Women



9




tcsdefum; aEGOwk. naecif ;wck? rEWav;òrdŒ r[mrkedbk&m;&ifjyifwae&m&d S t&dyf&aomae&mwGif uav;wod kufaqmhaeonf? touf tm;jzif hrl ig;ESpf0ef;usifrSonf q,f hig;ESpftwGif;?

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rrm. ajymjycsuft& xd kaumf±ªaom "avhonf vGefcJ haom oH k;-av;ESpfcef hu bl wm}uD;wGif tr_ dufaumufolwOD;rSpwifI bk&m;}uD;0if;twGif;od k hjyef @EH S @vmcJ hjcif; jzpfonf ? ,cktcg xd kvlvnf ; uG,f vGef+yDjzpf+yD; ruG,f vGefrDu w&ufv#if wAl;yH krSef±ªavh&d Sonf [k qd konf ? xd kolrSyif aumfAl;rsm;ud k a&mif;ay;+yD; uav;rsm;ud kvnf ; aumf±ªenf; oifay;cJ hjcif; jzpfavonf ?“usrodoavmufawmh tJ h'Duav;awG aumf±ª+yD;&if rl;+yD; rd Sef;oGm;w,f? wcsKdŒqd k o&JyH kawG xifa,mifxifrSm; jrifwmwd k @/ua,mifuwrf; av#mufajymwmwd k @/ ac|;ap;awGjyefwmwd k h/ touf ±ª=uyfwmwd k @/ &ifwkefwmwd k @/ ud k,f odwJ holwa,mufemrnfud karhoGm;wmwdk@ jzpfwwfw,f? Adkufqmwmvnf; cHEdkifw,fajymw,f? vGefcJhwJh ESpfvavmuaumifrav;wa,muf ud k,f 0ef}uD;eJ haumf±ª&if; bmjzpfoGm;w,frodbl;? rl;tef+yD; odyfr=umbl;/ qH k;oGm;wmyJ”[k qd kavonf ?

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ausmif;raecsifbl;vm;[kar;awmh æ“aecsifw,f rr? orD;awmif;pm;wJ htvk yf rvkyfcsifawmhbl;? wcgwav&wJ hyd kufqHxJu bk&m;ud kvSL+yD; aemifb0aumif;aumif;ae&zd k @qkawmif;w,f ? orD;u awmif;pm;ayr,f h cd k;wJ htvk yf rvkyfwwfbl;? wcgwav ud k,f ha&SŒrSm bk&m;zl; ususefoGm;wJ hyd kufqHtdwfud kvd kufay;wm rkef @zd k; wpfaxmif-ESpfaxmif &wwfw,f ? orD;ausmif;aecsifw,f ? tjzLtpdrf; 0wfcsifw,f ? awmif;pm;wJ htvk yfrvkyfcsifawmhbl;”[k ajzavonf?

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a&mufoGm;onf? “a0gA&Sifausmif; (World Vision)

ud k olwd k @tac: a0gA&Sifausmif;)ud k a&mufzl;w,f ? pmoif&w,f? xrif;pm;&w,f?'gayr,f h raysmfbl;? b,faysmfrvJ? tJ h'DrSm aumfr&d Sawmh usaemfraeEd kifbl;? tJ h'ga=umif h &&mvd kif;um; wm;pD;+yD; jyefajy;vmwm”[karmifatmifu qd kavonf ? ,cktcg xd kaumf±ªaom uav;rsm;rSm aumfud k rl;,pfaq;wckozG,f us,fus,f jyef @jyef @ oH k;vm=u+yD?wcgwav aumfAl;ukefcgeD;qd kv#if xd kaumfAl;ud k vufESif h aumfIyif yg;pyfxJ xnf hiH kavh&d Sonf? xd kod k haumfiH kjcif;u cHwGif;ylaomfvnf ;yrm%enf;enf;iH k±H kESif h rsm;rsm;rl;Ed kifaoma=umif h &Hzef&Hcg aumfud k iH kavh&d Sonf ?

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Tod k @ &mESif hcsDaom uav;oli,f rsm; aumf±ªjcif;jzif h Ed kifiHjcm;om;rsm;ud k qG JaqmifEd kifonf h r[mrkeduJ hod k @ ord kif;0ifae&mrsm;ud kt±kyfqd k; tusnf ;wefaponf? tem*wf. vl @pGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; usqif;vmrnf? tem*wfom;aumif;rsm; vrf;a=umif;rSm;ay: a&muf&d SoGm;Ed kifonf ? usef;rma&;apmif ha&Smufr_ ukefusp&dwfrsm;jym;vmrnf? Tuav;i,f rsm;jzif h tem*wfEd kifiHawmfud ka&SŒquf&rnfrSm &ifav;zG,f jzpfonf ? xd k @a=umif h Ed kifiHawmfrS wm0ef&d Solrsm;/ rdcifESif huav; apmif ha&Smufa&;tzG J @rsm;/ NGO rsm;taejzif h uav;ol i,f rsm; rl;,pfaq;ozG,f pG Jvef;aeaom aumf±ªjcif;"avhtm; pepfwus wm;qD;xdef;odrf;ay;Ed kifyg&efESif h

xd kuav;rsm;tm; jyefvnf ðypkysKd;axmifay;Ed kifyg&ef wd kufwGef;a&;om;vd kuf&ygonf?,Of,OfaESmif;

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tvk yftud kifr&S dwJ h vli,f wOD;[m Microsoft rSm ±H k;0efxrf;tjzpf tvk yfvkyfzd k @twGuf vmav#mufygw,f? HR refae*smutif wmAsL;+yD; ol @a&SŒrSmyJ =urf;jyifoef @&Sif;a&; vkyf=unh fzd k @cd kif;ygw,f? wu,f yJ oef @&Sif;a&;vkyfjyawmh ol @ud k tvk yfcef @r,fvd k @ wcgwnf;pum;qk dvd kufygw,f? +yD;awmh Humam Resource refae*smu “&Sif h tD;ar;vf ay;yg? tJ h'DtD;ar;vfqD jznh fzd k @ vd ktyfwJ hazmifawGyk d @vd kufygr,f? tJ h'DrSm jznh f+yD; jyefyk d @ay;yg”vd k @ qk dygw,f?'Dtcg vli,f u æ “usaemf hrSm uGefysLwmvnf; r&S dbl;? tD;ar;vfvnf ; r&S dbl;”vd k @ ajzawmh HR refae*smu 'Dvd k jyefajzygw,f?“0rf;enf;ygw,f æ 'DacwfrSm vlwa,muf[m tD;ar;vfwckawmh tenf ;qH k; &S doih fygw,f? tck&Sih frSm r&S dao;bl;qk dawmh tvk yfcef @zd k @rjzpfEd kifao;ygbl;? aemufawmhrSyJ vmcJ hyg”vd k @ vG,f vG,f yJ ajym+yD; jyefvGwfvd kufygw,f?

'Dawmh vli,f av; pdwf"mwfus+yD; tdrfjyefvmygw,f? vufxJrSm 10 a':vmyJ &S dygw,f? 'Dawmh plygrm;uufrSm c&rf;csOfoD;10 a':vmzk d; 10 uDvd k*&rf 0,f+yD; wtdrf0if wtdrfxGuf wHcg;acgufvd k @ vd kufa&mif;=unh fygw,f? 2 em&Dawmif r=umyJ ol @aiG[m2 q jzpfoGm;ygw,f? 'ga=umih f plygrm;uufrSm aemufxyf 2 cg0,f+yD; vd kufa&mif;awmh tdrfud k a':vm 60 eJ @ jyefvmEd kifcJ hygw,f?

'ga=umihf ,ckuJ hod k @ aps;oGm; tqifrajywJ h/ aps;oGm;cJwJ h &yfuGufawGrSmwtdrf0if wtdrfxGuf pm;aomufukefawGvd kufa&mif;&if tjrwf aumif;aumif;&Ed kifw,f qk dwmuk d wGufcsufrd+yD; reufwd kif; tdrfuae apmapmxGuf pm;aomufukefawGvd kufa&mif;ygw,f?

0,f&if; a&mif;&if; aiGawGwd k;vmvdk @ um;eJ @vd kufa&mif;wJ htxd jzpfvmygw,f? aemufqH k; wa,mufwnf; rEd kifvd k @tul awGygac:&if; wynh fawG&S dvmygw,f? 'Dvd keJ @ &yfuGufwd kif;twGuf jzef @zd k @ 0efxrf;awGcef @+yD; vkyfvd kufwm ig;ESpf t=umrSmtar&duef Ed kifiH&J @ t}uD;qH k; pm;aomufukef vuf vDta&mif;ukrR%D}uD;wck jzpfvmygw,f? tar&duefEd kifiHwifruawmhyJtar&dum;wd kuf/ Oa&mywd kufawGtxd uk dyg Retail Service vuf vDaps;uGufud k e,fy,fcsJŒxGifvmygawmhw,f ?

'Dtcg aiGa=u;tifrwef csrf;omvmwJ h ol @rdom;pktwGuf tmrcH wck&S dzk @d vd ktyfw,f qd kwm wGufcsufrdawmh tmrcHukrR%Dwckud k ac:awG @ygw,f? tmrcH xm;&S dzd k @ pum;qk d+yD; tmrcH ukrR%Du ol @tD;ar;vfud k awmif;jyefwJ htcg “usaemf hrSm tD;ar;vfr&S dygbl;”vk @dyJ yGih fyGih fvif;vif; ajzygw,f? 'Dawmh 0efxrf;vli,f u tH h=opGmyJ “q&mhrSm tD;ar;vf r&S dyJeJ @ pD;yGm;a&;awGvkyfcJ hwm'Davmuf atmifjrifw,f ? tD;ar;vfom&S dvd k @uawmh b,f avmufawmif atmifjrifvdrf hrvJ”vd k @ ajymwJ htcg olaX;u cyfðyH;ðyH;yJjyefajzygw,f?

“usaemf hrSmom tD;ar;vf &S dcJ h&if Microsoft rSm woufvH k; oef @&Sif;a&;0efxrf;yJ jzpfoGm;rSmaygh æ”

oifcef;pm ætif wmeuf/ tD;ar;vfwd k @uJ hok @d taxmuf tyH hrsm;[m b0atmifjrifa&;twGuf tajzr[k wfyJ? óud;pm;csifonf h pdwf"mwfuomatmifjrif&ef tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfygonf?

atmifcrf ;

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Golden-Land-Myanmar/288727014586084 www.jobseeker.com.mm

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yHk-(9)

tm;vH k;yJ tqif ajy=uygap æ aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm? http://www.pyaephyo.com/2011/12/g-mail.html rS ul;,lazmf jyygonf?

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15




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rmvmvm &&S dwJ h EU Sakharov qkud k a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf ; 1990 jynf hESpfwkef;u &&S dcJ h+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf[mtJ'Dqkud k ud k,f wd kifvuf cHzd k @ +yD;cJ hwJ h atmufwd kbmtwGif; Oa&mywd kufud k oGm;a&mufcJ hygw,f?

pmudk;- http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/burmese/2013-10-11/1203318

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http://kaungmyatsoe.blogspot.com rS ul;,l azmfjyonf?

atmufarhbG,f&m ,aeYtcsdefcg

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http://friendsmyanmar.ning.com rS ul;,l azmf jyygonf?



17








2011 ckESpf/ atmufwd kbm - 15 &ufae@wGif urBmvH k;qk dif&m umuG,f xdef;odrf;r_rsm; 82 Ed kifiHrsm;u òrdŒawmf 951 òrdŒtm;v$rf;rd k;oGm;onf?

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19




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ajcusif;0wf tusOf;/ zifav#m0wfolu ud k,f hud k,f ud k a&$Œajymif;ausmif;om;vd k @ ajym&rSm&Sufawmh xd kif;Ed kifiHom; vrf;ol&Jav;awGeJ @rwlwlatmif aexd kif&if; 'kuQawG @&wJ hta=umif;eJ @Right qd kwm ud k,f wOD;xJwif&S dwmr[kwfbJ ae&mwd kif;rSm&S da=umif; quf+yD;ajymjzpfcJ hygw,f? ausmif;om;[m ausmif;om; Right &S dwmrSefayr,f h ausmif;om;wOD;rSm &S doif h&S dtyfwJ h Responsibility qd kwJ hwm0ef,lr_r&S d&if usefwJ hae&m&yf0ef;u Right awGu ud k,f htay: ausmfv$m;oGm;rSmjzpfwJhta=umif;vnf; Oyrmwckay;+yD;ajymjyjzpfcJ hygw,f? Oyrmu ud k,f u ausmif;om;wa,muf tcGif hta&;&S dw,f qd k+yD; ausmif;xJrSm aexd kifvd k @&ayr,f h vrf;ay:rSmig ausmif;om;uGqd k+yD; vrf;vnfacgif av#mufvd k @ r&wJ hta=umif;/ av#mufcJ h&if vrf;&JŒtcGif hta&;jzpfwJh um;wdkufjcif;udkcH&rSmjzpfa=umif; ajymjyjzpfcJ hygw,f? vrf;ay:rSm um;u t+rJrSefw,f vd k @ rqd kEd kifayr,f h ud k,f h&JŒt,ltqrS m;,Gif;r_[m touf ud kxdcd kufEd kifa=umif; Oyrm ay;jzpfwmyg?

usaemfwd k @ a&$Œajymif;a'o&yf0ef;rSmRight qd kwJ h pum;oHawG us,favmifygw,f? Right qd kwJ h pum;[m odoif hodxd kufwmrd k @

odatmifajym&rSm jzpfa=umif;vnf; axmufcHygw,f? 'gayr,f h Right eJ @twl Responsibility qd kwJ h wm0ef,l r_qd kwmud k csefxm;cJh&ifawmh 10 wef;ausmif;om;av;awG pmar;yGJajzovdkrsKd; tcuftcJawGñuH&rSmjzpfovdk ausmif;om;vd krsKd; 'kuQeJ @ qk Hqnf;&rSmjzpfwma=umif h uav;awGud k rSefuefwJ h tod pdwf/ ynm/ apwemawGay;+yD; 0ef;&H=uzd k @ wd kufwGef;yg&ap? bmjzpfvd k @vnf;qd kawmh Ed kifiHrJ hw,f vd k @ owfrSwfcH&wJ h a&$Œajymif;a'o uav;i,f awG[m jywd kufxJu t¶k yfuav;awGr[kwfygbl;? wcsdefcsdefrSm Ed kifiH hacgif;aqmifawG/ ody` Hynm&SifawG jzpfrvmbl;vd k @ rajymEd kifyg?

a&$Œajymif;a'orSm yk HrSefoif=um;ay;aewJ h ausmif;ynma&;u jy\emr&S dayr,f h tcgtm;avsmfpGm v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&wJ huav;eJ @qd kifwJh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_awGrSm uav;awGeJ @ywfouf wJ h tcGif hta&;ta=umif; ajymjzpfcJ h&if uav;awGtwGufwm0ef,l r_eJ @ywfouf +yD; oif=um;ay;avh tod ynmay;avhr&S dwwfyg? 'ga=umif h uav;awGud k ausmif;ynma&;zufujzpfjzpftouf arG;0ef;ausmif; ynma&;zufujzpfjzpf óud;yrf;&Gufaqmif=u&mrSm uav;awG&JŒ tcGif hta&;awG tcGif htvrf ;awGeJ @twlwm0ef,l r_qd kwmud kvnf ; wG Jzufoif=um;ay;cJ h&if uav;awG&JŒ tem*wf[m tckxuf yd k+yD; awmufyvmr,fvd k @ jrifrdygw,f?

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a&$Œajymif;a'orS m ykHrSefoif=um;ay;aewJ h ausmif;ynma&;u jy\emr&S dayr,f htcgtm;avsmfpG m v_yf&S m;aqmif&Guf&wJ huav;eJ@qd kifwJ h v_yf&S m;aqmif&Gufr_awG

rS m uav;awGeJ@ywfoufwJ h tcGif hta&;ta=umif; ajymjzpfcJ h&if uav;awGtwGufwm0ef,l r_eJ@ywfouf+yD; oif=um;ay;avhtodynmay;avh r&S dwwfyg?



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usrwd k @ywf0efusifrSm t+rJawG @&wmuawmh uav;u enf ;enf;tjypfvkyf&if ajymzd k @xuf vufeJ @yJjzpfjzpf wkwfeJ @yJjzpfjzpfqG J±d kufawmhwmygyJ? wcsKdŒudpPawGu em;vnfatmif&Sif;jywmeJ @ &ygw,f? ±d kufrS &ifxJpG J+yD rSwfrdwmr[kwfyg? ±d kufvd kufrSyJ uav;&JŒ&G J @wwfwJ hpdwfud k Ed k;=um;vmatmifvkyfvd kufwmeJ @ twlwlygyJ/ +yD;awmh uav;ud k ±d kufvd kufvd k @ a=umufoGm;wmr[kwfygbl;? uav;uwkwfudk a=umufwmyJ&Sdwmyg/ vludk ra=umufwwfawmhygbl;? ±dkufvdkufwJhtwGuf uav;etrsm;}uD;&S dvmEd kifygw,f?

usrqd kvd kwmu uav;ud k oGefoifqH k;rvd k @r&bl;vd k @ ajymwmr[kwfygbl;? uav;awGud k ±d kufvd k @awmh&ygw,f? 'gayr,h fa'gow}uD; qGJ±dkufwmrsKd;r[kwfyJeJ@ bmvkyfvdk@±dkufw,f/ bma=umihf ±dkufcH&w,fqdka'goa=umih f±d kuf&if uav;u id kav a'gouyd kxGufav yd k±d kufavjzpf+yD; uav;u ud k,f bma=umih f ±d kufcH&w,fqd kwmud k rodawmhyJemwmud kyJod+yD; qd kusKd;awGjzpfvmEd kifvd k @yg?

uav;awGud k "avhxk H;pHawGeJ @ vd kufavsmnDaxGaewwfatmif/ trl tusih faumif;awGeJ @ }uD;jyif;atmif/ b,f vd kvkyf&iftEœ&m,f&Sdw,f/ b,f vdkvkyf&if tEœ&m,fr&S dbl;qd kwmodatmif/ vdkcsifwmudk cdk;,lwmrsKd;r[kwfyJ awmif;,l wwfatmif/vl}uD;rdbawGud k ±d kaowwfatmif aocsm&Sif;jyajymqd kwwfzd k @vd kygw,f? tJvd krSr[kwfyJ ud k,h fpdwfxJrawG @wmeJŒ uav;ud k eif'Dvd kvkyfp&mvm;qd k+yD; qG Jr±d kufoih fygbl;? bmvd k @qd k ud k,h fu roif jyxm;&if uav;u rod Ed kifwmrd k @ uav;&JŒtjypfr[kwfbl;qd kwmodxm;zd k @vk dygw,f? uav;awGqd kwm avmutopfud k pwif0ifa&muf+yD; pl;prf;avhvmae=u+yD; olwd k @&JŒ OD;aESmufm%frS Doavmufolwdk@vkyfcsifwmud k prf;oyfvkyf=unhfae=uwm tJh'gudk udk,fu olwd k@rSm;&ifawmif trSm;xJu oifcef;pm,lwwfatmif&Sif;jyoif=um;ay;rS rSefrSmav/ tJvd kr[kwfbJ ±d kufvk dufr,f qd k&if uav;u ud k,h fud k &G Ha=umuf}uD; a=umufoGm;Ed kifovd k uav;&JŒOm%f&nfud kvJ wH k;atmifvkyfvd kufovd k jzpfoGm;ygvdrh fr,f ?

±d kufESufjcif;&JŒ tusKd;qufawGtaeeJ @ rdbeJ @om;orD;=um; cspfcifav;pm;jcif;awG/ rdbtvd kus vkyfay;csifwJ h pdwfav;awGaysmuf+yD; &GHa=umuf}uD; a=umuf+yD; a&SŒwrsKd; uG,f &mwrsKd; vkyfvmwwfygw,f? uav;[m olrsm;ud kvJ ±d kufESufvk dufzd k @0efrav;awmhygbl;/ ukd,f±dkufcH&ovdk olrsm;udkvJ ±dkufcsifwJhpdwfawG udef;atmif;vmww

tqifrajyjzpfvmwwf+yD; aygif;oif;qufqHa&; nH hvmwwfygw,f? +yD;awmh uav;&JŒpdwf[m rxHkwufao;eJ@ jyefrajymem;raxmifjzpfvmwwfum aumif;wJhpdwfuav;awGr&SdawmhbJ tpGrf;tpawG aysmufuG,fvmum qdk;wJ hvrf;a=umif;udkOD;wnfoGm;wwfygw,f?

uav;ud k r±d kufbJ em;vnfatmifajym+yD; vd ktyfrS qH k;rwm taumif;qH k;yg? uav;ud k em;vnfatmif trSm;trSef&Sif;jy+yD;'gu b,f vd kvkyfoih fw,f / 'Dvd kvkyfwmawmh raumif;bl;/ aemufvkyf&ifawmh ararwd k @u '%fay;rSmaemf/ orD;u vdrRm&JŒom;eJŒr[kwfbl;vm;qd kwmrsKd; ajymr,fqd k&if rdbeJŒom;orD;=um;u jy\emavsmhenf;oGm;rSmyg? uav;ud k &Sif;jyvd kufwJ htwGuf ±d kufESufvd k @&oGm;r,h f pdwf'%f&mxuf ud k,f &Sif;jywmud k acgif;xJrSm rSwfrdoGm;r,fqd k&if uav;&JŒ m%f&nf[m yd k+yD; zG HŒòzd;vmrSmyg? +yD;awmhvdrRm,Ofaus; ^m%f&nfxuf jrufwJ htjyif rdbpum;ud k em;axmifwwfwJ h om;orD;awGud k yd kifqd kifvm&ygvdrh fr,f ?

uav;rsm;&J Œpd wfud k cH pm;em;vnfEd kif =uygap æ? Myanmar news update

uav;awGqd kwm avmutopfud kpwif0ifa&muf+yD; pl;prf;avhvmae=u+yD; olwdk@&JŒ OD;aES mufOm%frSDoavmufud k olwd k@vkyfcsifwmud k prf;oyfvkyf=unhfae=uwm tJ'gudkud k,h fu ol wd k@rS m;&ifawmif trS m;xJu oif cef;pm,lwwfatmif &Sif;jyoif=um;ay;rS rSefrSmav/ tJvdr[kwfyJ ±d kufvk dufr,f qd k&if æ

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w&ufrSm usaemf[m ta&;ay: {nf honfwa,muf óudzd k @&S dwmeJ @ avqdyfud koGm;zd k @&mrSm tcsdef=um=um um;rarmif;csifwmeJ @ wuUpDwpD; iSm;zd k @ pdwful;vd kufygw,f æ/ 'geJ @ tdrfa&SŒta&mufrSm wuUpDwpD; usaemf ha&SŒ vm&yfwmeJ @um;ay: wufvd kufygw,fæ/ usaemfiSm;pD;vmwJ h um;q&mu cyfrSefrSefav;eJ @nmbufvrf;a=umif;twdkif; armif;vmygw,f æ/ avqdyfoGm;wJhvrf;[mvrf;r}uD; jzpfwma=umif h ,mOfa=umawG[m ol @vrf;eJ @ol t&S defeJ @ armif;ae=uygw,f?

tJ'DtcsdefrSm nmbufvrf;auG @wckuae um;teuf wpD; vrf; &Sif;r&Sif;aoaocsmcsmr=unf hbJ t&S defeJ @ armif;xGuf vmygawmhw,f æ/ usaemfawmhwd kuf+yDvd k @ yg;pyfu atmfvd kufrd+yD; rsufpdud k pH krS dwfvd kufrdygw,f æ/ 'gayr,f husaemfrsufvH k; zGif hvd kufcsdefrSmawmh usaemfwd k @um;[m vrf;ab;rSm &yfaeyg+yD?wuUpD armif;olu b&dwfud k aqmif heif;ypfvd kuf+yD; um;vufud kifud k vrf;ab;qG Jcsvd kufwma=umif h usaemfwd k @um;[m wm,myGwfqG JoH tus,f }uD; jrnf+yD;vrf;ab;rSm xd k;&yfoGm;cJ hygw,f æ/ usaemfpD;vmwJ h um;q&m&JŒ u|rf;usifr_eJ @owd&S dr_a=umif hom ,mOfwd kufr_ jzpfroGm;cJ h&wmyg? vrf;auG @u xGufvmwJ h um;&JŒab;uae0ifwd kufcH&zd k @a&m taemufu t&S defeJ @ armif;vmwJ hum; 0ifaqmif hwm





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cH&zd k @a&m oDoDav; vGwfoGm;cJ h&ygw,f æ?usaemfxifwmu wuUpDq&mawmh [d kbufu um;orm;ud k atmf[pfawmhr,f vd k @ xifvd kufygw,f æ wu,f wrf;

vrf;pnf;urf;t&qd k vrf;r}uD;ay:uarmif;vmwJ h usaemfwd k @um;u trSefyg? vrf;oG,f u xGufvmwJ hum;awG[m vrf;r}uD;ay:uum;&Sif; r&Sif; t&if=unf h+yD;rS xGuf&rSmjzpfygw,f æ/ 'gayr,f h tck=uawmh ajymif;jyefAsm æ vrf;oG,f uxGufvmwJ h um;armif;olu rSm;rSef; odod}uD;eJ @ um;xJuae acgif;xkwf+yD; usaemf hwuUpDorm;ud k atmf[pf}udrf;armif;ygawmhw,f æ usaemf=unf hae&if;

tawmf hud k a'goxGufoGm;rdw,f æ 'gayr,f h tH h=op&mu wuUpDarmif;ol[m bmrSjyefrajymbJ &if;&if;ES D;ES D;ðyH;jyvd kuf+yD; vufuav;wzufawmif a0S @&rf;jyvd kufygao;w,f æ =unf h&wm wu,f hrdwfaqGwa,mufud k E_wfqufovd krsKd;ygyJ? 'geJ @ usaemfvnf ; b,f vk drSraeEd kifawmhbJ wuUpDorm;ud k “cifAsm; oleJ @ t&ifuwnf ;u odaewmvm;”vd k @ ar;vd kufawmh olu “rodygbl; æ/ wcgrSrjrifzl;cJ hbl;”vd k @ jyefajymygw,f?

“Asm æ wcgrSvnf ;rjrifzl;bl; [kwfvm; æ tH ha&mAsKdŒ cifAsm;ud kawmh æ ud k,f hum;ud kvnf ; wd kufrvd kjzpfatmif ol @bufuvnf ; rSm;ao;/ oluvnf ; jyefatmfoGm;ao;w,f æ/ 'Dvk dvlud k cifAsm;u pdwfrqd k;wJ htjyif rdwfaqGawGvd k awmifE_wfquf vuf jyvkyfEd kifao;w,f æ/ wu,f ygbJAsm æ [d k um;q&mvkyfyH k uHaumif;vd k @ usKyfwd k @ aq;±H kra&mufwm”?

usaemf hpum;tqH k;rSm wuUpDarmif;olu tðyH;av;wcsufeJ @ usaemf hbufud k vSnf h=unf hvd kuf+yD; “usaemfuawmh trd _ufum;Oya'otwd kif;yJ oabmxm;aexd kifwmygAsm”vd k @ jyefajymygw,f æ?

“Asm æ trd _ufum; Oya'o [kwfvm; æ cifAsm;[m tqef;ygvm; AsKdŒ æ usaemfawmh wcgrS r=um;zl;ygbl; æ/ vkyfygOD; ætJ'D trd _ufum; Oya'oud k usaemfodatmif &Sif;jyygOD;Asm”usaemfuar;vd kufawmh wuUpDorm;[m olcH,l xm;wJ h trd _ufum;Oya'oud k usaemf htm; &Sif;jyygawmhw,f ?

“vlawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m trd _ufum;awGeJ @ wlw,f As æ/ olwd k @[m trd _ufawG tjynf hwifaqmif+yD; vrf;ay:rSm armif;ESifae=uw,f æ olwd k @wifaqmifxm;wJ h trd _ufawGu rajyvnf r_awG/ a'goawG/ pdwfysufwmawG/ rmeawGqd kwJ h trd _ufawGyJjzpfw,f ætJ'Dvd k pH kvifvSwJ h trd _ufawGud k jynf hv#Haeatmif wifaqmifvmwJ holwk d @&JŒ um;awG[m 'Dtrd _ufawGud k oGefcszd k @ae&m wckck awmhvd kvdrf hr,f Asm æ/ 'Dawmh wcgwavrSm tJ'Dtrd _ufawGud k vrf;rSm rawmfwqawG @rdwJ h cifAsm;tay:vnf; vmoGefcsrdwwf w,f ætJ'Dvd k trd _ufawGud k cifAsm;qD vmoGefcscsdefrSm cifAsm;u pdwfwd k a'goxGuf&if olwd k @qDu trd _ufawGud k vuf cH,l ovd krsKd;jzpfoGm;vdrf @r,f æ/ +yD;awmh wcg tJ'Da'gotrd _ufawGud k cifAsm;u o,faqmifoGm;+yD; cifAsm;&JŒ tvkyfrSm/ tdrfrSm/ vrf;ay:rSmpwJ h ud k,f hteD;tem; ud k,f h0ef;usifuvl awGud k jyefoGefcsrdwwfjyefa&m? 'Dawmh olwyg;qDu trd _ufawGud k cifAsm;u jyef+yD;ro,f aqmifoGm;ygeJ @? rawmfwq vmoGefcsrdwJ holwd k @ud k tðyH;av;eJ @om wkef @jyefvd kufyg? vufuav;om jyvd kufyg æ +yD;&ifcifAsm;vrf;ud k cifAsm;qufoGm;vd kufyg æ b0[m wd kwd kav;ygAsm æ ud k,f touf &Sif aexd kifwJ htcsdefawGrSm trd _ufawGeJ @wlwJ h a'gormeawG/ rauseyf rkef;wD;r_awG/ remvd k0efwd kr_awGeJ @ ylavmifraebJ at;csrf;aysmf&$ifpGm ud k,f h&JŒtcsdefawGud k ukefqH k;wmutaumif;qH k;ygyJ æ 'ga=umif h usaemf usif hoH k;cH,l wJ h trd _ufum;Oya'ou olwyg;qDutrd _ufawGud k vuf rcHovd k/ ud k,f hqDutrd _ufawGud kvnf ; olwyg;ud k jyef+yD; roGefcsrdygeJ @ qd kwmygyJ”?

wuUpDarmif;ol&JŒ pum;tqH k; usaemf ud k,f hud k,f ud k awmfawmf&SufoGm;cJ hrdygw,f æ olajymwm odyfrSefygvm; æ usaemfwd k @[m ud k,f wd kifvnf ; a'go/ arm[ trd _ufawGtjynf h wifaqmif+yD; b0vrf;ay:rSm armif;ESifaeovd k wcgw&H olrsm;qDu trd _ufawGyg ud k,f u vuf cHvd kufrdao;w,f ? ckeu um;orm;ud k rausreyf a'goawGeJ @ wkef @jyefajymqd kvd kufrd&if [d kzufuvl ujyefvSefajymqd k&if r+yD;Ed kifrpD;Ed kifbJ ud k,f hrSm a'goawG yd kyd kxGufvm&zd k @om &S dygw,f æ/ tJ'Da'goawG[m tvG,f wul rajyaysmufEd kifawmhbJ uk d,f htdrf/ ud k,f hvkyfief;cGifawGqD o,f ,l oGm;cJ hrdwJ htcg wae@wm vkyfief;cGifrSma&m tdrfrSmyg tqifrajyEd kifawmhbJxpfueJqd k apmapmu a'goxGufxm;wJ ht&S defeJ@ b,fol @ud krS taumif;rjrifEd kifawmhbJ pdwfwd ka'goxGufzdk @om tqifoif hjzpfaewwfygw,f? 'g[m usaemfwdk@ wu,fñuHawG @&wwfwJh trSefw&m;wckyg? wuUpDorm;&JŒ trd_ufum;Oya'o[modyfaumif;rGefwJ h Oya'o av;ygyJ? av;pm;vd kufemoif hw,f vd k @ usaemf,H k=unfygw,f? ud k,f hud k a'goawGeJ @ qufqHvmwJ holud kwefjyef a'goawGeJ @ rwkef @jyefbJ at;csrf;wJ htðyH;av;eJ @ wkef @jyefvd kufr,f qd k&if wzufu a'gow}uD;jzpfaeolvnf ; a'got&S defawGavsmhoGm;rSmjzpfovd k ud k,f wd kif vnf; ol @&JŒa'goawG ul;pufjcif;rcH&awmhbJ at;csrf;wJ hpdwfuav;eJ @ quf+yD; aeoGm;Ed kifrSmjzpfygw,f?vlwd kif; 'Dvd komaeEd kifr,f qd k&if urBm}uD;ay:u ylavmifaewJ h vlom;awG&JŒ a'goawG avsmhusoGm;Ed kifr,f vd k @ ,H k=unfrdygw,fAsm?David J. Pollay &JŒ The Law of the Garbage Truck ud k ESpfòcdufrdojzif h rdrdud k,f wd kif qifjcifzwf±_Ed kifzd k @ bmomjyeftyfygonf?

Golden Land Myanmar

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vpOfxkwf tGefvd kif; *sme,fvpOfxkwf tGefvd kif; *sme,f00mfrIefoHpOf00mfrIefoHpOfSAW - Social Action for Women





qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq;*,ufqifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq;ta=umif;eJ @ywfouf +yD; tckwavm jrefrmjynfrSm owif;rsKd;pH kxGufay:aeygw,f?

jrefrmwEk difiHvH k;wGif pufwifbm 9 &ufrS 15 &uftxd qifajcaxmufa&m*g uif;a0;a&;pDrHcsuftjzpf Diethyl Carbarmazine

Citrate (DEC) ESihfAlbendazole aq;wdkufau|;r_rsm; ðyvkyfvsuf&Sd&m aq;aomufoHk;r_t+yD; atmhtefr_wufa&mufuko&onh f uav;i,f tcsKdŒ&S daea=umif; od&ygw,f?

jzpfpOfrSm &efukef uav;aq;¶H k}uD;wGif pDrHcsufjzih f wd kufonh faq;rsm;aomufoH k;t+yD; wufa&mufuko&onh f uav;i,fESpfOD;cef @ &S daea=umif;/ ,if;uav;i,f ESpfOD;rSm a'gyH kòrdŒe,fESih f =unh fjrifwd kifòrdŒe,fae touf ckepfESpft&G,f a,musfm;av;rsm;jzpfa=umif;ESih f uav;ESpfOD;vH k;rSm aq;aomuf+yD; r=umrD atmhtefjcif;a=umih f aq;¶H kod k @yk d @aqmifcJ h&a=umif; od&S d&ygw,f?

“tck aq;±H kwufaewJ huav;ESpfOD;vHk; aq;¶H kud k naeydkif;avmufu a&mufvmwmyg? uav;ESpfOD;u a&Smhcfjzpf+yD;a&mufvmwmawmhr[kwfbJ tefvd k @a&mufvmwmyg? olwd k @rdom;pkawGud kar;=unh fawmh wjcm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; pm;xm;wmbmrSr&S dbl;vd k @ ajymygw,f? wcsKdŒuav;awGu aq;aomuf&ifud k tefwwfwJ htusih f&S dwJ huav;awGvnf ;&S dawmh 'gu xl;xl;jcm;jcm;jzpfwmrsKd;r[kwfygbl;? bma=umih fjzpfw,fqdkwmudk twdtusajymvdk @awmhr&ygbl;? tck ESpfOD;vHk;oufomoGm;wJ htwGuf'Dnaeaq;¶H kuqif ;=uawmhrSmyg”[k &efukef uav;aq;¶H k}uD; uav;txl ;uk q&m0ef}uD; wG JzufygarmuQ a'gufwm arvGifupufwifbm 10 &ufu ajym=um;cJ hygw,f?

aq;wdkufau|;&mwGifDiethyl Carbarmazine Citrate(DEC) ESihfAlbendazole aq;ESpfrsKd;aygif;+yD; w}udrfwwd kufau|;jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ ul;pufr_&S donh fa'orsm;wGif aexd kifoltm;vH k;ud k wESpfv#if w}udrf/ ig;ESpfqufwd kuf aq;wd kufau|;jcif;jzpfonf ? touf ESpfESpfatmufuav;/ ud k,f 0efaqmif rdcifavmif;rsm;/ ESvH k;/ aoG;wd k;/ qD;csKd/ tonf ;/ ausmufuyf/ &if=uyfyef;emponfh emwm&Snfa&m*grsm;/ qifajcaxmufa&m*ga=umih f vuf&Sdaq;aomufae&olrsm;/ tdyf&mxJvJaeonh fvlrsm;rSty

usefolrsm;tm;vH k;ud k wd kufau|;jcif;jzpfa=umif;ESih f touf ESpfESpfrS ig;ESpft&G,f txd aq;wjcrf;/ touf ajcmufESpfrS 14 ESpftxdaq;wjym;/ touf 14 ESpfESih f txuf aq;wjym;ESih f wpfjcrf;pD wk dufau|;jcif;jzpfa=umif; od&S dcJ h&ygw,f?

wpfEkdifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzihf aq;wkdufau|;&mwGif aejynfawmf/ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'o}urEœav;wk dif;a'o}uD;/ yJcl;wk dif;a'o}uD;/ u&ifjynfe,f / rGefjynfe,f / weoFm&Dwk dif;a'o}uD;/ &efukefwk dif;a'o}uD;/ {&m0wDwd kif;a'o}uD;ESih f csif;jynfe,f yvuf0òrdŒe,frsm;wGif aq;wd kufau|;cJ ha=umif; odcJ h&ygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*gonf jrefrmEd kifiHtygt0if ta&SŒawmiftm&S (9)Ed kifiHwGif jzpfyGm;ojzih f DECaq;wd kufau|;ae&+yD;,if ;a&m*gonf jrefrmEk difiHwGif pwkwtqih fwGif&S daeonf[k urBmhusef;rma&;tzG J @u od&ygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq;ud k jrefrmEk difiHwGif vGefcJ honf h 2000 cku pwifwd kufau|;cJ hjcif;jzpfum qifajcaxmufa&m*guif;a0;a&; pDrHcsuftaejzif h aq;wd kufauG s;jcif;rsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&S dygonf? vuf&S dwGif a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_&S daeojzif h umuG,f

aq; wk dufau|;&jcif;jzpf+yD; 2020 ckwGif qifajcaxmufa&m*g uif;a0;atmif avsmhcsoGm;Ed kifrnf[kvnf ; usef;rma&;ynmXme/usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g uif;a0;apa&;pDrHcsufrS od&S d&ygonf? vlOD;a& 1000 wGif vl 1 OD;wnf; a&m*gyd k;awG @&S drSom



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a&m*guif;a0;rnfjzpfonf [k od&onf?aq;aomuf&mwGif aq;ud ktpmpm;+yD;rS aomuf&efvdk

tyf+yD; aq;aomuf+yD; v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;v#if tenf;i,fwwfa=umif;/ aq;tmedoifa=umihf a&m*gydk;rsm;aooa=umih f zsm;jcif; (tylcsdeftenf ;i,f wufjcif;)/ anmif;nmud kufcJ

jcif;rsm; jzpfay:wwfaomfvnf ; ,if ;vuQ%mrsm;rSm a&m*gyd k;tajrmuftjrm;&Sdaeolrsm;/ yxrt}udrf aomufoHk;pOfwjzpfay:avh&S da=umif;ESih f aemufESpfrsm;wGif jzpfavhr&S dawmha=umif;/,if ;uJ hod k @jzpfay:cJ hygu aq;wd kuftzG J@ESih f qufoG,f ta=umif;=um;&ef vdktyfa=umif; a'gufwm eDeDat;u ajymjyonod&S dcJ h&ygonf?

xd kuJ hod k @ !¸ef=um;csufrsm;&S daeaomfvnf ; ,ckaq;wd kufau|;&mwGif owdxm;&rnh ftcsufrsm;ESih f aq;a=umih f jzpfay: vmEk difaom ab;xGufqd k;usKd;rsm;ud k aocsmpGm&Sif;jyjcif;r&S d=ubJtcsKdŒòrdŒe,frsm;wGif &yfuGufwm0ef&S dolrsm;om vd kufvHwd kufau|;aeaoma=umihf ab;xGufqdk;usKd;rsm;tay: pdk;&drfjzpfa=umif; od&S dcJ h&ygw,f?

jrefrmEkdifiHY qifajcaxmufa&m*gjzpfyGm;r_awGŒ&S daeonh ftwGuf qifajcaxmufa&m*g uif;a0;a&; pDrHcsuftjzpf wpfEkdifiHvHk;tESH @ aq;rsm;wd kufau|;aejcif;jzpf+yD; jrefrmEk difiHwGif qifajcaxmufa&m*g jzpfyGm;olOD;a& tenf;i,f jrih fwufaea=umif;/ &Srf;/ u,m;ESih f csif;jynfe,frsm;uvG JI usef jynfe,fESih fwdkif;a'o}uD;rsm;Y tjrpfwG,fvsuf&S d+yD; rauG;/ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'o}uD;ESih f &cd kifjynfe,frsm;wGif a&m*gawG @&S dr_E_ef;rSm wpf&mcd kifE_ef;atmuf avsmhenf;ae+yDjzpfa=umif; usef;rma&; 0ef}uD;Xme.xkwfjyefcsuft& od&S dcJ h&ygonf?

urBm@usef;rma&;tzG JŒ}uD;. vrf ;!¸efcsuft& qifajcaxmufa&m*g uif;a0;a&;pDrHcsufjzih f aq;wk duf&efvd ktyfonf rSmrSefuefaomfvnf ; pepfwusr&S daom aq;wd kufyH kenf;pepfa=umih f ab;xGufqd k;usKd;rsm;&S dvm+yD; trsm;jynfol txd wfwvef @jzpfay:vmEd kifonf ud k pd k;&drfrda=umif; taxGaxGa&m*guk q&m0efwpfOD;u oH k;oyfajym=um;cJ hygonf?

ta&SŒawmiftm&SEk difiHrsm;teuf jrefrmEk difiHtygt0if Ek difiHaygif; (9)Ek difiHY qifajcaxmufa&m*g tjrpfwG,f vsuf&S da=umif;od&S d&ygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g Elephantiasis

qifajcaxmufa&m*gonf vlrS vlod k @ wd kuf¶d kuful;pufjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ jcifu wqih f ul;pufonh f oHaumif (WormWuchereria) uyfyg; yd k;wpfrsKd;a=umih f jzpfa=umif;/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gyd k;ud k o,f aqmifxm;onh f usL;vuf(pf)[k ac:onh f jciftrsKd;tpm;a=umih fjzpf+yD; ,if ;jcifonf a&ykyf/ a&od k; ajrmif;rsm;/ rvH kðcHaom tdrfomusif;rsm;wGif aygufyGm;avh&S da=umif; od&S d&ygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*gonf a&m*gjzpfygu ta&jym;ESif h ta&jym;atmuf wpf&SL;rsm; wtm;xlvmygonf? trsm;tm;jzif hajcaxmufeJ @ a,muf sm; uy` g,ftdwfwGif tjzpfrsm;+yD; rdef;rud k,f wGifvnf ; jzpfEd kifygonf? Filariasis eJ@ Podoconiosis a=umif hjzpf&ygonf?

Lymphatic Filariasis vdk@vJ ac:ygonf?Wuchereriabancrofti, Brugiamalayi ESifh B.timori taumifawGa=umifhjzpf&wmygonf? jcifud kuf&muwpfqif h ul;pufygonf?

a&m*gtpwGif zsm;rnf/ csrf;rnf/ aeraumif;jzpfrnf? vif hzf Lymph ac:onf h aoG;jyef&nfa=umrsm; ydwf&mu ajcaxmufu

p}uD;vmrnf? ud k,f cE<m a,mifovd kjzpfaernf?Podoconiosis trsKd;tpm;onf ,l *ef'g/ wefZefeD;,m;/ uifnm/ bl&Gef'D/ tD*spfESif htDoD,d k;yD;,m; a'orsm;wGif tjzpfrsm;ygonf? urBmay:&S d vloef; 120 wGif qifajcaxmufa&m*g yd k;&S dae=u+yD; oef; 40 rSm ajcaxmuf

qifajcaxmufa&m*gonf vlrS vlod k@ wd kuf¶d kuful;pufjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ jcifu wqihf ul;pufonhfoHaumif (Worm Wuchereria) uyfyg;yd k;wrsKd;a=umihf jzpfa=umif;/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gydk;udko,f aqmifxm;onh f usL;vuf(pf)[k ac:onh f jciftrsKd;tpm;a=umihfjzpf+yD; ,if;jcifonf a&ykyf/

a&od k; ajrmif;rsm;/ rvH kðcHaom tdrfomusif;rsm;wGifaygufyG m;avh&S da=umif; od&S d&ygonf?





rsm; }uD;ae=uygonf? uko&mwGif Albendazole ESif h Diethylcarbamazine aq;twG Jtm; yd krd koH k;pG J=uygonf? tcsKdŒEd kifiHrsm;wGifAlbendazole ESif hIvermectin aq;rsm;ay;=uonf? qifajcaxmufydk;a=umifh rkwfa&m*gjzpfonfudk cGJpdwfðyjyifay;Ed kifonf?ajcaxmufwGif jzpfonf rsm;ud k cG Jpdwfay;&mwGif &v'f raumif;ao;yg?

,cktcg Albendazole oHcsaq;ud k umuG,f onf htaejzif h ay;=uygonf?Albendazole aq;ud k qifajcaxmufa&m*gFilariasis

tjyif tjcm;a&m*gtrsm;tjym;twGufvnf ; oH k;Ed kifygonf?

Albendazole aq; rnfr#ay;=urnfvJ?Filariasis qifajcaxmuf a&m*g ] vl}uD;400 mg wae@ (2)}udrf/ 10 &uf?

uav; 15 mg/ kg/ day wae@ (2)}udrf/ 10&uf?Ascariasis oefaumif ] vl}uD; 400 mg w}udrfwnf;/

umuG,faq;wdkufau|;onhf &yfuGuftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;u aq;raomufoihfoltkyfpkta=umif; &Sif;vif;cJ hyga=umif;omauwòrdŒe,fae trsKd;orD;wOD;u The Voice od k @ ajymqd kcJ ha=umif;vnf; od&S d&ygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq;ESih f rwnh folrsm;onf ta&jym;wGif teDuGuf}uD;rsm;ay:vmwwfa=umif;/ pd k;&drf&aomab;xGufqd k;usKd;rSm rsufvk H;ESih frsufESmw0d kuf ,m;,H+yD; a,mifvmjcif;jzpfa=umif; taxGaxGa&m*guk q&m0efwpfOD;u ajym=um;ygonf? aq;aomuf+yD;csdef acgif;rl;wwfjcif;rSm aq;tm;vk H;vd kvd k. ab;xGufqd k;usKd;omjzpfyga=umif; xyfrHajym=um;cJ hygonf?“aq;ay;wJhae&mrSm wpfa,mufpm aq;tdwfrsm;eJ@ ay;ygw,f? tJ'Daq;tdwfxJrSm b,fvdkolawG a!¸ef=um;csufawG xnh fxm;+yD;om;yg”[k usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme !¸ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf a'gufwm rif;oef;!Gef @u &Sif;jycJ hygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq;a=umih f jzpfwwfonh f ab;xGufqd k;usKd;tcsKdŒuk d pd k;&drfojzih f vlxktwGif; aq;raomufoH k;olrsm;&S dEd kif+yD; aq;wd kufau|;&mwGif vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;. 65 &mcd kifE_ef; aomufoH k;rSomv#if a&m*gul;pufr_ud k umuG,fEk difrnfjzpfygonf?

“65 &mcd kifE_ef;avmuf&zdk @awmh ar#mfrSef;xm;w,f? 'gayr,h f tJ'gud k óudajymxm;&if igraomufvnf ;&ygw,fqd kwJhvlawGrsm;vm+yD; aomuf=urSmr[kwfawmhbl;? tJ'gqd k&if umuG,f aq;wk dufvkyfief;ud k t[ef @twm;jzpfapEk difygw,f? jzpfEd kif&ifawmh90 &mcd kifE_ef;txd aomuf=uapcsifwmayh g”[k 'kwd,!¸ ef=um;a&;rSL; a'gufwm eDeDat; u ajymcJ hygonf?

“usaemfwd k @tdrfuawmh wpftdrfvH k;aomufw,f ? 'gayr,h f 0efxrf;tdrf,mxJu vl awGu raomuf=ubl;? rl;w,f / tefw,f

qd k+yD; raomuf=uwm? +yD;awmh aq;aomufvd k @ aow,fqd k+yD; *sme,fawGrSmygw,fqd kawmh vH k;0ud k raomuf=uawmhbl;? tdrfutefwDu aq;aomuf+yD; enf;enf;rl;aewJ htcsdefrSm tJ'D *sme,fud k vmjyawmh pdwfqd k;oGm;ao;w,f”[k urm&GwfòrdŒe,f qifrvd kufoabFmusif; 0efxrf;tdrf,mwGif aexd kifonh f ,if ;trsKd;om;u ajymygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq; wd kufau|;jcif; vkyfief;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;rSm usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;r[kwfbJ/oifwef;ay;xm;onh f &yfuGufwGif; vlr_a&;tzG J @rsm;jzpfjcif;/ wcsKdŒòrdŒe,frsm;wGif aq;a=umih f jzpfwwfonh f ab;xGufqd k;usKd;rsm;ta=umif;ESih f rnfod k @ aomufoH k;&rnfqd konh f tajccHodoih fonf rsm;ud k vlxkod k @ todynmay;&ef tm;enf;csufrsm;&S dcJ hjcif;jzpfEd kifa=umif; &efukefwd kif; usef;rma&;OD;pD;Ïme/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,f aq; wd kufau|;a&; pDrHcsufrS a'gufwm òzd;òzd;ausmfu&Sif;jycJ hygonf?

xd k @tjyif a'gufwm a':eDeDat;u “aq;wd kuftzG JŒawGrygbJ vkyfvd k @r&ygbl;? usef;rma&;0efxrf;awGu vl oef;aygif;rsm;pGmud k

vdkufwkdufr,fqdk&if veJ @csD =umoGm;r,f? aq;wdkuftzGJ@awGudk aemufESpf oifwef;ay;wJhtcgrSm&Sif;jy=uzd k @ajym&ygr,f”[k ajymcJ hygonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,faq;wd kufau|;jcif; vkyfief;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;rS m usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;r[kwfbJ/ oifwef;ay;xm;

onh f &yfuGufwGif; vlr_a&;tzG J@rsm;jzpfjcif;/ wcsKdŒòrŒe,frsm;wGif aq;a=umih fjzpfwwfonh f ab;xGufqd k;usKd;rsm;ta=umif;ESih f æ



27




qifajcaxmufa&m*g umuG,faq; aomufoHk;+yD;aemufem&Dxuf yd krd k zsm;emjcif; cHpm;&ygu cE<mud k,f wGif;wGif qifajcaxmufa&m*gydk;&S daeEd kifojzih f usef;rma&;OD;pD;Ïmeod k @ ta=umif;=um; jyooih fa=umif; olu quf vuf ajymjyygonf?

“aq;aomuf+yD; 24 em&DausmfwJ htxd zsm;wmjzpf&if usef;rma&;Ïme aq;cef;ud koGm;+yD; ppfaq;ukor_ cH,l oih fw,f ? wcsKdŒu aq;cef;vm&aumif;rSef;rodbl;? aq;eJ @ywfoufwJ h A[kokwawGud kvnf; vufurf;pmapmifawGrSm azmfjyxm;+yD;om;yg? 'Daq;u aoqH k;wmawGeJ @ bmrSrqd kifygbl;? wd kufqd kifr_jzpfwmyg? ab;xGuf qd k;usKd;a=umih fjzpfwmu 1&mcd kifE_ef;awmifr&S dygbl;”[k 'kwd, !¸ ef=um;a&;rSL; a'gufwm a':eDeDat;u qd kygonf?

urBmay:wGif qifajcaxmufa&m*gtjrpfwG,f r_ &S daeonh f Ed kifiHaygif;(80)&Sd+yD; vloef;aygif; 210 onf ul;pufcH&Edkifonhf a'aexd kifa=umif;/ oef; (40)ausmfrSm a&m*gcHpm;ae&onh f vuQ%mrsm;&S dae=ua=umif; usef;rma&; OD;pD;Ïme. udef;*%ef;rsm;t& od&S d&ygonf?

usef;rma&;ynmay;Xme/ usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme/ qifajcaxmufa&m*guif;a0;apa&; pDrHcsuf refae*sm 'kwd,!¸ ef=um;a&;rSL; a'gufwm eDeDat;u “t&if uwnf ;u 'Daq;ud k e,fawGrSm wd kufau|;vmwm/ t&ifuaq;rSefrSefr&bl;? tck aq;vSLwJ hol &S dvmvd k @ &efukef/ rEœav;txd wd kufau|;wmyg? 45 c¶d kifud k wd kufau|;oGm;r,f? tck 19 c¶d kif usefaeao;w,f ”[k ajymonf?

qifajcaxmufa&m*gvuQ%monf a&m*gyd k;&S daomfvnf ; a&m*gvuQ%m vH k;0rjybJ ikwfaewwfonf [kvnf ; usef;rma&; 0ef}uD;XmerS!¸ef=um;a&;rSL;(+idrf;) a'gufwm cifarmifvGif u ajymjyygonf?

aq;wkdufau|;jcif;ESifhywfouf+yD; ‚if;u “aq;awGu tptrSefawG jzpfygw,f? aq;wd kufzd k @ vlOD;a&u 41 'or 9 oef; &S daeygw,f? &moDOwku 'Dvd kjzpfay:aer,fqd k&if qifajcaxmufa&m*gumuG,f wJ hvkyfief;wpfckckud k cd kifcd kifrmrmrvkyfEd kif&if onf xuf yd kqd k;r,f ? tEœ&m,fud kumuG,f zd k @ vlawGud k tod ynmay;zd k @vd ktyfygw,f”[k ajymjycJ hygonf?

a'guf wm xif aZmf

jrefrmEd kifiHwGif jzpfyG m;r_trsm;qH k; jynfe,frsm;jzpfonhf rauG;wd kif;/ ppfud kif;wd kif;/rEœav;wdkif;ESihf &cdkifjynfe,fwdk@wGiftapmqH k; wd kufau|;cJ h+yD; &cd kifjynfe,fwGif(5)ESpf jynhfcJh+yDjzpfaoma=umihf ,ckESpfwdkufau|;&ef rvdktyfjcif;jzpfa=umif;

a'gufwm eDeDat; u &Sif;jycJ hygonf?

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xd kif;-jrefrm e,fpyfwav#mufESif h xd kif;Ed kifiHw0Srf; a&muf&S daexd kifae=uaoma&$Œajymif; jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;taeESif h usef;rma&;/ vlr_a&;/ tvkyform;a&;/ Oya'a&;&m tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd; awG@ñuHae&ygu atmufyg zkef;eHygwfrsm;od k@ qufoG,f +yD; aqG;aEG;wd kifyif t=uHm%f &,lEd kifygonf?

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trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf vlr_apmif ha&S mufa&; tzG JŒ(SAW)u tvk yform;rsm;. vd ktyfcsuftcsKdŒtm; ulnDaqmif&Gufay;ygrnf?

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3? 0ifaiG tar&duefa':vm oef; 1000 &&S dcJ honf h yxrqH k;±kyf&SifrS m tb,f enf;?(u) Avatar (c) Titanic (*) Star War (C) Wings

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(7)? rnfonf h ±lyaA'oauFwonf Ed kufx±d k*sifud k ud k,f pm;ðyaomoauFw jzpfoenf;?(u) N (c) NI (*) NIT (C) NA

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(9)? tpm;taomufysufolrsm;onf rnfonf hADwmrifud k rS D0Joenf;?(u) ADwmrif bD (c) ADwmrif bD 1 (*) ADwmrif bD 2 (C) ADwmrif bD 12

(10)? rnfonf h owW0g.OD;aES mufonf tav;csdeftrsm;qH k;&S doenf;?(u) qif (c) a0vig; (*) jrif; (C) EGm;

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saw online journal - november 2013

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