SavingHighQuality

Acous3cHabitatIden%fyingareasofrela%venaturalquiet

JimCummings,Execu3veDirectorcummings@acous3cecology.orgAEInews.orgAcous3cEcology.org

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingCon%nental-scalemodeling

Anthropogenicnoise—increaseabovenaturalambientMenniA,KFristrup,KSherrill,LNelson.(2013)Mappingsoundpressurelevelsonacon3nentalscaleusingageospa3alsoundmodel.Internoise2013.

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingOcean-basinscalenoisemonitoring

Rice,etal.Varia3onofoceanacous3cenvironmentsalongthewesternNorthAtlan3ccoast:Acasestudyincontextoftherightwhalemigra3onroute.EcologicalInforma3cs21(2014)89-99

NorthAtlan%c:MainetoGeorgia

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingListeninginremotewaters

Bowheadwhaleacous%cworldOneyear,sixresearchteams

2300kmtransect,20sites

VanOpzeeland,I.,Samaran,F.,Stafford,K.M.,Findlay,K.,Gedamke,J.,Harris,D.,&Miller,B.S.(2014).Towardscollec3vecircum-antarc3cpassiveacous3cmonitoring:thesouthernoceanhydrophonenetwork(SOHN).Polarforschung,83(2),47-61Clark,Berchok,Blackwell,Hannay,Jones,Ponirakis,Stafford.Ayearintheacous3cworldofbowheadwhalesintheBering,ChukchiandBeaufortSeas.ProgressinOceanography136(2015)223-240

SouthernOceanHydrophoneNetworkSOHN

EmergingnoisesourcesChangingArc%csoundscape

Icebreakingasdominantnewnoisesourceinexpanding“marginalicezone”

FGeyer,HSagen,GHope,MBabiker,PWorcester.Iden3fica3onandquan3fica3onofsoundscapecomponentsintheMarginalIceZone.J.Acous.Soc.Am.139(4),April2016,1873-1885

“Shipcavita3oncausedbyheavyicebreakingisthedominantsource,increasingtheNLbymorethan10dBbelow1000Hzand28dBat15Hz.Thecavita3onnoiseduringthe2013experimentdominatesatdistancesaslargeas100kmfromtheicebreaker.ThisimpliesthatthistypeofnoisemaychangetheArc%csoundscapesignificantly.”

2016paper,FramStrait,betweenGreenlandandSvalbard

EmergingnoisesourcesSubseaoilandgasprocessing

Consideredkeytodeep-waterandarc%cdevelopment“somerealscreamers”(exceedsambientto20-25kmat500Hz+)

Currentlyjuststar%ngtobedeployed;noregulatoryoversight

20-yearlifespan,opera%ngcon%nuously

EmergingnoisesourcesManymore,onlandandsea

Seafloormining

Newshippingports

BackcountryaccessVehiclesofallkinds

Cau3on,vigilanceneededinareasthatarerela%velypris%neORapproachingacous%csatura%on

Howcanecoacous%cshelp?Promisingresearchdirec%ons

We’vestartedwithbasicsoundscapecharacteriza%onPoten3alvalueforecosystem-healthassessment

Next:askingthe“sowhat”ques%onsSpecies-specificlisteningareaanalyses/func%onalconsequences

Considerkeylisteningfrequencies,callsourcelevels,real-worldcommunica3on/listeningranges,innateadapta3onstonoise

Especiallyusefulforlandmanagers,policyplanners:Combinenoisemapswithpopula%ondataandcri%calhabitats

Iden3fyrela3velyhealthyacous3chabitatsAimtohelpminimizenewanthropogenicimpacts

Promisingresearchdirec%onsOilandgasdevelopment

BLM20-yrreasonableforeseeabledevelopment

Orange:lowend5%ofregion

(basedonpastResourceManagementPlans)

Red:poten%al10%ofregion

(historicdensi3eswere3xearlierRMPes3mates;leasesinplaceon

81%offederallandswithdevelopmentpoten3al)Mapisoverlaidon

SageGrouseCoreAreasCopelandHE,DohertyKE,NaugleDE,PocewiczA,KieseckerJM(2009)MappingOilandGasDevelopmentPoten3alintheUSIntermountainWestandEs3ma3ngImpactstoSpecies.PLoSONE4(10):e7400.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007400

Promisingresearchdirec%onsACCOBAMS“noisehotspots”mapping

AMaglio,GPavan,MCastellote,SFrey.OverviewoftheNoiseHotspotsintheACCOBAMSArea,PartI-MediterraneanSea.ACCOBAMSTechnicalreport,January2016.DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2574.8560/1

Numberofnoisesources

Sourcesincludeseismic,shipping,harbortraffic,offshoreenergysites,Navalexercises(dataincompleteinsomeareas)

Notecetaceanhabitatareas(hatched)with1or2noisesourcesConserva3onpoten3al,especiallyifsourceistransient

Promisingresearchdirec%onsSpecies-specificcommunica%onspaceanalyses

Williams,Clark,Ponirakas,Ashe.Acous3cqualityofcri3calhabitatsforthreethreatenedwhalepopula3ons.AnimalConserva3on(2013)Erbe,MacGillivray,Williams.Mappingcumula3venoisefromshippingtoinformmarinespa3alplanning.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.132(5),November2012

“Acous%cquality”ofhabitats 5frequencybands

Varyingcalltypes&sourcelevels

Finwhales:leastimpactOrcas:mostimpactHumpbacks:mixed

Promisingresearchdirec%onsIden%fyingareaswithpredominantlynaturalsoundscapes

RobWilliams,Chris3neErbe,ErinAshe,ChristopherClark.Quiet(er)marineprotectedareas.MarinePollu3onBulle3n(2015),hAp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.012

“Opportunitysites”“Iftwoplacesareequallyimportanttowhales,withonebeingnoisyandtheotherbeingquiet,itwouldbehelpfultoiden3fythoseareas....Thenoisyareamayrequiremi3ga3on,whereasthequietareamaymakeamorea`rac%veorconvenientcandidateforcri%calhabitatprotec%on,eitherbecauseitrepresentshigherqualityhabitattotheanimalsorbecauseitimposeslowereconomiccoststosocietytomi3gateanthropogenicthreats.”

popula3ondensity

species-weightedshippingnoise

RISK OPPORTUNITY

Promisingresearchdirec%onsIden%fyingareaswithpredominantlynaturalsoundscapes

Williams,Clark,Ponirakas,Ashe.Acous3cqualityofcri3calhabitatsforthreethreatenedwhalepopula3ons.AnimalConserva3on(2013)

“Thequietestsitesinourstudy(primarilymainlandinlets)havesubstan%alperiodsofquietthatarequieterthananyrecordedofftheUSeastcoast(Hatchetal.,2012).AsresearchersconsiderexperimentalapproachestobeAerquan3fyecosystem-leveleffectsofnoise(Boydetal.,2011),unusuallyquietplaceslikeBC’smainlandinletsmaypresentopportuni%esforconduc%ngoceannoiseorquie%ngexperiments,ortoconsidernovelconserva%onmechanismstopreserveacous%cwildernesssites.ThequietestnoisemeasurementsinourstudymatchthosereportedbyUrick(1983).Thismeansthatthereareplacesand%mestodaywhereonce-normalwindowsofquiets%llexist.Formarinemammalsandfishes,thesearethelevelsinwhichnaturalandsexualselec%onoccurred,andthesearethecondi3onsunderwhichthe‘acous3carmsrace’betweenpredatorandpreyevolved(Tyack&Clark,2000).Today,throughouttheNorthernHemisphere,thoseonce-normallevelsarebecomingtheexcep%onratherthantherule.”

Towardacous%crefugesLotsoftalk,li`leac%on,inMPAandMarineSanctuaryrealm

2009policyjoiningNPSinmanagingnoise“TheNa3onalMarineSanctuarywillusethetoolsandauthori3esatitsdisposaltopreventand/ormi%gatehuman-inducedacous%cimpactsonsanctuaryresources.....Asfeasibleandasnecessary,considerregula%ontomi%gateoreliminateac%vi%esthatgeneratehuman-inducedacous3cimpactstosanctuaryresources.”

PolicyGuidance,OfficeofNa3onalMarineSanctuaries.Human-inducedacous3cimpactsonmarinelife.March2009.DanielJ.Bastra,Director.LeilaTHatch,KurtMFristrup.Nobarrierattheboundaries:implemen3ngregionalframeworksfornoisemanagementinprotectednaturalareas.MarEcolProgSerVol.395:223-244,2009.

“Inthemarinerealm,emergingnoisemanagementprac3ces(and)thebroadmandateoftheNMSAprovidesauniqueopportunitytocreatenoisemanagementprac%cesandregula%onsthatrepresenttoday’sbestavailablescience.”LeilaHatch,NOAA,StellwagenBankNa=onalMarineSanctuaryKurtFristrup,Na=onalParkService,NaturalSoundsProgramCenter

Towardacous%crefugesLotsoftalk,li`leac%on,inMPAandMarineSanctuaryrealm

NorthAmericanIntergovernmentalCommi`eeonProtec%onforWildernessandProtectedAreaConserva%on

CONSERVINGMARINEWILDERNESS,MarineWildernessWorkingGroupConsensusVersion,2011,2013.JimCummings.Sound/NoiseandMarineLife:Whyassessing,monitoring,andperhapsregula3ngsoundinMPAscouldbehelpful.MarineWilderness10+10Workshop,February2015.

2011ConsensusStatementonMarineWilderness“EstablishingmarinewildernessprotectedareasshouldbeconsideredaNAWPAobjec%veachievableoverthelongterm....Thesecanserveasclearexamplesofmarineareaswithecologicallyintactecosystemsthathavemanagementgoalswhichpreservethewildcharacterandnatureofthesespecialplaces.”•  Protec3ngspawninghabitat,reproduc3onareas,foraginggrounds,

migratorystopoverhabitat•  Limi%nghumanac%vi%esinsomeareasincludingtransporta%on,

energyextrac%onandexplora%on,andmilitaryopera%ons

GlobaleffortunderwaytoexpandMPAsWeneedtoaddsoundconsidera%onstothediscussion

UN,Rome,201610x20Project

10%ofoceansby2020

GlobalOceanRefugeSystem(GLORES)

30%eachbiogeographicregionby2030

Some“fullyprotected”

MarineWilderness10+102015,ProjectWild,

NAWPAgov’tagenciesBuildlocalcons3tuencyforexperimentsinwilderness

within20MPAs

Terrestrialwildlands:goodnews?85%ofprotectedlandshaverela%velymodestnoiseimpacts

USprotectedlandsofallkinds(federal,state,local,private)3dB+humanimpact:15%ofprotectedarea(yellow,red)

But:56%ofunits!(3nyspeckles,preservesinred)RBuxton,MFMcKenna,EBrown,DMennit,KFristrup,KCrooks,LAngeloni,GWiAemyer.Noisepollu3oninUSprotectedareas.AAASPoster.

Terrestrialwildlands:badnews!Remnantsofnaturalquietshrinkingrapidly

12%ofcon%guousUS1.4dBhumanimpactorless

“anear-ubiquitoustransforma3onof

theacous3calenvironment”1

“Thequan3tyoflandwitharela3velylowlevelofimpactis

striking...theloca3onsoftheareasthatareletsuggestthatecologicalsystemsareheavilyfragmented.”2

1ClintonD.Francis.Vocaltraitsanddietexplainaviansensi3vi3estoanthropogenicnoise.GlobalChangeBiology,2015.Doi:10.1111/gcb.128622DMenniA,KFristrup,KSherrill,LNelson.(2013)Mappingsoundpressurelevelsonacon3nentalscaleusingageospa3alsoundmodel.Internoise2013.3TheLastRemainingQuietPlacesintheCon3nentalUnitedStates.MapbyNoisePollu3onClearinghouse,StoneEnvironmental,usingESRIdata.

MakingadifferenceFederallandmanagement—difficulttogettrac%on

DratEnvironmentalImpactStatementSpecialFlightRulesAreaintheVicinityofGrandCanyonNa3onalParkMcCain,ReidsucceedinquesttostopGrandCanyonoverflightrules,AEInews,7/2/12hAp://aeinews.org/archives/1998.

NPSdoinggreatsciencePushingforwardintotougherques=onsDifficulttoimplementpolicychangestoreducenoiseGCNPairtours,20-yrprocessNPSproposedflight-free%mesaroundsunriseandsunset(fantas;cidea!)RareSenatebipar%sanship:Reid/McCainscu`ledtheplan

24%:audible>2/3ofday(RED)49%:audible>1/4ofday37%:audible<5%ofday(DKBLUE)

2015:FAArebuffedNPSinputonnewBayAreaairportsflightpa`erns

Newcorridoroverarela=velyquietpartofPointReyes;con=nuedheavyimpactonYosemite

MakingadifferenceFederallandmanagement—difficulttogettrac%on

FAAspurnsopportunityforquietareaprotec3onintrafficpaAernupdates.AEInews,6/30/15.hAp://aeinews.org/archives/2809DenverFAArevisionjustbeginning!hAp://www.metroplexenvironmental.com/denver_metroplex/denver_introduc3on.html

“Wehavealonghistoryof[theFAA]notagreeingwithus.

Wefeelwe’reobligatedtogetthisnoiseoffofthewildernessareas;

we’rejusttryingtodoourjob,andthey’rejustignoringus.”

JudyRocchio,NPSPacificWestRegion“Alotofhigh-al%tudejets…getfunneledoverYosemite.It’sjustconstant.”VickiWard,NPSoverflightsprogrammanager

MakingadifferenceLocalandregionalconserva%on—morepoten%alforsuccess?

MenniA,KFristrup,KSherrill,LNelson.(2013)Mappingsoundpressurelevelsonacon3nentalscaleusingageospa3alsoundmodel.Internoise2013.

Tucson

Iden%fyareaswithconserva%onvaluefor

acous%chabitatandquietrecrea%on(findpocketsnearci=es!)

MakingadifferenceLocalandregionalconserva%on—morepoten%alforsuccess?

TheLastRemainingQuietPlacesintheCon3nentalUnitedStates.MapbyNoisePollu3onClearinghouse,StoneEnvironmental,usingESRIdata.MenniA,KFristrup,KSherrill,LNelson.(2013)Mappingsoundpressurelevelsonacon3nentalscaleusingageospa3alsoundmodel.Internoise2013.FTurina,ELynch,KFristrup.RecommendedIndicatorsandThresholdsofAcous3cResourceQuality.NPSStateoftheParkReports.InterimGuidance,2013.

Alllevelsofrela%venaturalquiethaveconserva%onvalue

“Goodenough”forlocalrecrea%onNoextremenoise(airports,highways)Chroniclocaltrafficnoiseisfaint

Highvaluerecrea%on/conserva%onOpportuni3esforextendednoise-freeperiods

Na3onalParkServicemodel(above)Predominantlyfreeofnoise

NoisePollu3onClearinghousemodel(below)

MakingadifferenceLocalandregionalconserva%on—morepoten%alforsuccess?

EricBrunsdon,DonaldKillorn.TheCoastalSoundscapeStudyoftheOuterBayofFundy.EasternCharloAeWaterways,2016.

BayofFundy:Soundscapestudybyregionalconserva%ongroupIden3fiedpossible“acous3crefuge”Lowernoise/higherbiodiversity

closertoshippingthansomeothers—buttuckedbehindshorelines

Terrestrial,marinecollabora%onUnifyingmarineandterrestrialmanagementobjec%ves

Interna%onalQuietOceanExperimentIni%alscien%ficcommi`eemee%ng,March2016

7-yearresearchprojectOneyearofintensiveacous%csstudiesworldwide

VERYinterestedincollabora%onwithterrestrialecoacous%cs

IQOE.org

FinalthoughtsProtec%ngrela%venaturalquiet

KurtFristrup,NPS:We’relosingtheabilityto“appreciateexpansivelisteningopportuni%es”“Thisgiythatwearebornwith–toreachoutandhearthingshundredsofmetersaway,alltheseincrediblesounds–isindangerofbeinglostthroughagenera%onalamnesia.”

LesBlomberg,NPC:Sofar,protec%onofquiet“isn’tapolicydecision.Itisanaccidentofgeographyandeconomics.”

PublicOutreachWorkshop:NoiseinCommuni3esandNaturalAreas,Denver,August27,2013.NAE,NPS,AQuieterFuture.orghAps://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/17/noise-pollu3on-is-making-us-oblivious-to-the-sound-of-nature-says-researcher

Resources/informa3ononallmannerofsound-relatedenvironmentalissuesandscience

sciencesummariesspecialreportsnewsupdates

JimCummings,Execu3veDirectorjim@acous3cecology.org

Acous%cEcology.orgAEInews.org

ThankstoStuartandcohortsformakingthiseventhappen!

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingRecentexplosionofinterestinsound

SeehAp://cetsound.noaa.gov

PTyack,GFrisk,IBoyd,EUrban,SSeeyave,Editors.Interna3onalQuietOceanExperimentSciencePlan.2015.Interna3onalCouncilforScience,Scien3ficCommiAeeonOceanicResearch;PartnershipforObserva3onoftheGlobalOceans.

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingSourcesofsound

TCMullet,SHGage,JMMorton,FHueAmann.Temporalandspa3alvaria3onofawintersoundscapeinsouth-centralAlaska.LandscapeEcol,2015.DOI10.1007/210980-015-0323-0

Biophony,geophony,technophonyKanaiNa3onalWildlifeRefuge

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingSoundbudgets—seasonal

Parks,Miklos-Olds,Denes.Assessingmarineacous3cdiversityacrossoceanbasins.EcologicalInforma3cs21(2014)81–88SEEALSO:Sirovic,Wiggins,Oleson.OceannoiseinthetropicalandsubtropicalPacificOcean.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.134(4),October2013

SoundscapemonitoringandmodelingListeninginbusywaters

ONC/IOOSNEPAN

LIDO

SomesurprisesSeismicsurveysoundsinremotepolarAtlan%c

Increasestoambient:Airguns5-10dB,upto20dBSome3mesgreaterthanothermajornoisesources(winterstorms&whales,both10dB)

Klinketal,SeasonalpresenceofcetaceansandambientnoiselevelsinpolarwatersoftheNorthAtlan3c.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.132(3),September2012

SomesurprisesShippingnoisenotrisinginallareas

NorthPacific1960s-1990s3dB/decade

trendshavechanged

JLMiklos-Olds,SMNichols.Islowfrequencyoceansoundincreasingglobally?J.Acoust.Soc.Am.139(1),January2016,501-511Andrew,R.K.,Howe,B.M.,andMercer,J.A.(2011).“Long-3metrendsinshiptrafficnoiseforfoursitesofftheNorthAmericanWestCoast,”J.Acoust.Soc.Am.129,642–651.Miksis-Olds,J.L.,Bradley,D.L.,andNiu,X.M.(2013).“DecadaltrendsinIndianOceanambientsound,”J.Acoust.Soc.Am.134,3464–3475.Miksis-Olds,J.L.,Bradley,D.L.,andNiu,X.M.(2014).“Erratum:DecadaltrendsinIndianOceanambientsound[J.Acoust.Soc.Am.134(5),3464–3475(2013)],”J.Acoust.Soc.Am.135,1642.

IndianOceanS3llincreasingSouthAtlan%cEquatorialPacificSignsofrecentleveling,butlikelyhigherthan80s

MakingadifferenceChicago-region“resourceprotec%onareas”

LiamHeneghanetal.LessonsLearnedfromChicagoWilderness—Implemen3ngandSustainingConserva3onManagementinanUrbanSe}ng.Diversity2012,4(1),74-93;doi:10.3390/d4010074

Notdesignedassound-related

Seekinglinkages(lightgreen)betweenexis3ngpublicopenspaces(darkgreen)

CouldreadilybecombinedwithregionaldetailfromtheNPScon3nental-scalenoisemap

featuredearliertofocusonareasofrela3velylowerhumannoise.

(butgoodluck;thisain’tnoTucson!)

Increasingacous%cconcernsAnimaleffectsmorewidespreadthanearlierbelieved

Eels:hAp://aeinews.org/archives/2662;Crabs:hAp://aeinews.org/archives/2438Fishandroadnoise:hAp://aeinews.org/archives/2757Shellfishlarvae:hAp://aeinews.org/archives/2514

Eels:morevulnerabletopredatorsShellfish:lesssuccessfullarvaldevelopment

Crabs:reducedforaging,slowerresponsestopredatorsFish:reducednestdiggingandvigilance

Fishnearbridgepilings?

Birdsaroundoilandgasinstalla;ons?

24Rightwhales:84%Finwhales:33%

EmergingnoisesourcesIncreasedArc%cshipping

CanadianNorthwestPassage2016:firstlargecruiseshipCargomostlyonends,sofar

300-350voyages/yearRussianNorthernSeaRoute

30-70fulltransits/year

hAp://pame.is/images/03_Projects/AMSA/AMSA_Documents/Progress_Reports/AMSArecommenda3ons2015_Web.pdf

Arc3cCouncilveryfocusedonthis8Arc3ccountries6regionalindigenouscouncils

EmergingnoisesourcesIncreasedArc%cshipping

2016Pewreport:TheIntegratedArc%cCorridorsFramework

CanadianCoastGuardproposedvoluntaryplanallowstransitsof45%ofbiologicallyandsociallysignificantareas

Pewframeworklimitsthisto25%

hAp://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2016/04/the-integrated-arc3c-corridors-framework

Pressingneedfordesignatedshippingcorridors

EmergingnoisesourcesAntarc%ctourism

48companies,55vessels40,000people/year

Sofar,safetylimita3onsareconcentra3ngtheimpact:77%ofvisitorsonunder500acres

“Thegovernancesystemdoesn’treallyhaveanideahow[tourism]trendsshouldlookin10,20,30years.Antarc%caisaspecialplace,itissetaside,andwedon’twantittolooklikeanywhereelse.”ClaireChris=an,Antarc=candSouthernOceanCoali=on

Improvingpopula%ondistribu%ondataTheotherhalfoftheequa%on

Duke:OBIS-SEAMAPCombines100’sof

datasets

Seasonaldistribu%ons

(Monthlyforsome)Marinemammals

SeabirdsSharks

Rays,turtlesEvensomeamphibians

Habitat-basedCetaceanDensityModelsForTheU.S.Atlan3cAndGulfOfMexico(2015Version).DevelopedByMarineGeospa3alEcologyLaboratory,DukeUniversity

Improvingpopula%ondistribu%ondataTheotherhalfoftheequa%on

KDudzinski,SMvanParijs,Eds.BiologicallyImportantAreasforCetaceansWithinUSWaters.Aqua3cMammals2015,41(1),1,DOI10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.1

NOAA’sCetaceanDensity&Distribu%onMapping(CetMap)WorkingGroup

SpecialissueofAqua=cMammals,2015:

BiologicallyImportantAreasforCetaceansWithin

USWaters

7regionalreviewsofbestcurrentdata

Next:Overlaysounddataand/ormodels

Terrestrial,marinecollabora%onUnifyingmarineandterrestrialcri%cal-areadesigna%ons

IUCNBeginningtointegrateImportantMarineMammalAreaswiththeirterrestrialKeyBiodiversityAreas

“thecompletealignmentofthetwoprocessesisdesirable.”

JointStatementbytheTheIUCNWCPA-SSCJointTaskForceonBiodiversityandProtectedAreasandtheIUCNWCPA-SSCJointTaskForceonMarineMammalProtectedAreas.4November2015