Sastra Kontemporer DuniaSastra Kontemporer Dunia

Cina era 1980-anCina era 1980-an

Latar SejarahLatar Sejarah

1976 Revolusi Kebudayaan selesai1976 Revolusi Kebudayaan selesai 1976 Mao Zedong meninggal1976 Mao Zedong meninggal Deng Xiao Ping Deng Xiao Ping 邓小平 邓小平 Gerombolan 4 ditangkapGerombolan 4 ditangkap Kebijakan: reformasi dan Kebijakan: reformasi dan

keterbukaan keterbukaan gaige kaifanggaige kaifang 改革开放 改革开放

Deng dan Jimmy Deng dan Jimmy Carter 1978Carter 1978

Sastra Luka Sastra Luka 伤痕文学伤痕文学 shānghén shānghén wénxuéwénxué

Banyak terbit karya sastra: Banyak terbit karya sastra: novel,cerpen, puisinovel,cerpen, puisi

Tema: kisah-kisah pada masa Tema: kisah-kisah pada masa Revolusi Kebudayaan: kekejaman, Revolusi Kebudayaan: kekejaman, penderitaan, penganiayaan, dllpenderitaan, penganiayaan, dll

Era baru (Era baru ( 新时期新时期 ) 1980) 1980-an-an

19831983

‘‘Perang melawan borjuis liberal’Perang melawan borjuis liberal’ Banyak penulis melakukan eksperimen Banyak penulis melakukan eksperimen

pada gaya penulisan pada gaya penulisan Tetap melakukan kritik terhadap Tetap melakukan kritik terhadap

pemerintah dan kondisi sosialpemerintah dan kondisi sosial Wang Meng (Wang Meng ( 王蒙王蒙 ), Zhang Xinxin (), Zhang Xinxin ( 张辛张辛

欣欣 ), dan Zong Pu (), dan Zong Pu ( 宗璞宗璞 ), Gao Xingjian ), Gao Xingjian (( 高行健高行健 ).).

EksperimentalisEksperimentalis

Wang MengWang Meng

NovelNovel

PuisiPuisi

Zhang XinxinZhang Xinxin NovelNovel

Zong PuZong Pu NovelNovel PuisiPuisi

Gao XingjianGao Xingjian DramaDrama NovelNovel Perain nobel 2000Perain nobel 2000

Soul MountainSoul Mountain 灵山灵山

天葬台天葬台宰了宰了割了割了烂捣碎了烂捣碎了燃一柱香燃一柱香打一声呼哨打一声呼哨来了来了就去了就去了来去都干干净净来去都干干净净

Sky BurialSky BurialCutCutScalpedScalpedPounded into piecesPounded into piecesLight an incenseLight an incenseBlow the whistleBlow the whistleComeComeGoneGoneOut and outOut and out- 13 April 1986, Beijing- 13 April 1986, Beijing

19831983

Sastra akarSastra akar 寻根文学寻根文学 Kembali pada latar sejarah, tradisi Kembali pada latar sejarah, tradisi

dan budaya Cinadan budaya Cina Han Shaogong (Han Shaogong ( 韩少功韩少功 ), Mo Yan, A ), Mo Yan, A

Cheng (Cheng ( 阿城阿城 ))

Han Shao GongHan Shao Gong NovelNovel PuisiPuisi

A ChengA Cheng NovelNovel

Puisi GelapPuisi Gelap

Puisi Gelap Meng Long Shi Puisi Gelap Meng Long Shi 朦胧诗 朦胧诗 Bei DaoBei Dao ( ( 北岛北岛 )/)/Zhao ZhenkaiZhao Zhenkai ( ( 趙振趙振

開開 ))

The Answer The Answer

Baseness is the secret knock of the Baseness is the secret knock of the base base Integrity the epitaph of the noble Integrity the epitaph of the noble Look how the gilded sky drifts full of Look how the gilded sky drifts full of The inverted crooked reflections of The inverted crooked reflections of the dead the dead

The ice age has past, The ice age has past, So why are there icicles So why are there icicles everywhere? everywhere? The Cape of Good Hope has been The Cape of Good Hope has been discovered discovered Why do a thousand sails contend for Why do a thousand sails contend for the Dead Sea? the Dead Sea?

I came into this world I came into this world Carrying only paper, rope, a Carrying only paper, rope, a silhouette silhouette To speak aloud before the trial To speak aloud before the trial A voice that has already been A voice that has already been judged judged

I tell you, world I tell you, world I—do—not—believe! I—do—not—believe! If a thousand challengers lie If a thousand challengers lie trampled beneath your feet trampled beneath your feet Count me as number one thousand Count me as number one thousand and one. and one.

I don't believe the sky is blue I don't believe the sky is blue I don't believe in thunder's echoes I don't believe in thunder's echoes I don't believe that dreams are false I don't believe that dreams are false I don't believe in death without retribution I don't believe in death without retribution

If the sea is destined to breach the dykes If the sea is destined to breach the dykes

Let all the water of bitterness flow into my Let all the water of bitterness flow into my heart heart If the land is destined to rise up If the land is destined to rise up Let humanity choose a new summit for Let humanity choose a new summit for existence again. existence again.

A new turning point and flickering stars A new turning point and flickering stars Embroidered now across the Embroidered now across the unobstructed heavens unobstructed heavens These are the pictographs of five These are the pictographs of five thousand years thousand years These are the staring eyes of future These are the staring eyes of future generations. generations.

--Bei Dao --Bei Dao

Ha JinHa Jin PuisiPuisi NovelNovel

Pomegranates Pomegranates

Another rain will burst them —Another rain will burst them —they will grin, full of teeth, they will grin, full of teeth, through the tiny leaves through the tiny leaves

that used to hide them away. that used to hide them away. I'll take a photo of my pomegranates I'll take a photo of my pomegranates for you, the only one for you, the only one

I care to show. Like others I care to show. Like others you craved the fruit you craved the fruit so much you overlooked so much you overlooked

the crimson blossoms wounded the crimson blossoms wounded by worms and winds. by worms and winds. You could not imagine You could not imagine

some of them would swell some of them would swell into such heavy pride. into such heavy pride. I can tell you, they are sour. I can tell you, they are sour.

Xue DiXue Di puisipuisi

Shore Shore

           The small path leading to lakeside emerges on water. On my            The small path leading to lakeside emerges on water. On my way I want to collect time and smiles. Vision glides across sky's way I want to collect time and smiles. Vision glides across sky's green gallery. Honeycomb, that distant setting sun — its buzzing green gallery. Honeycomb, that distant setting sun — its buzzing wings spread across water, tickle me. wings spread across water, tickle me.

     Dusk unfolds gently before me. I leisurely finger its colors. Its      Dusk unfolds gently before me. I leisurely finger its colors. Its shadow tries to whisper in my ear, breathy ripples across my chest. shadow tries to whisper in my ear, breathy ripples across my chest. Grass deepens green. Crickets in my quiet waiting sing toward the Grass deepens green. Crickets in my quiet waiting sing toward the night about my age. night about my age.

     Meandering footpath on the water: absentmindedly I gather fruit      Meandering footpath on the water: absentmindedly I gather fruit bobbing among lotus leaves. Swaying shadows of lotus pods nuzzle bobbing among lotus leaves. Swaying shadows of lotus pods nuzzle my face. By water's edge I hover, vultures one after another circling my face. By water's edge I hover, vultures one after another circling in my skull release me, disperse toward the forest. A long bench, in my skull release me, disperse toward the forest. A long bench, elegant, settled. In encircling moonlight about to toll, the bell of pure elegant, settled. In encircling moonlight about to toll, the bell of pure fragrant youth. fragrant youth.

     Years soften. Into trees of fluttering lotus flowers, again and again      Years soften. Into trees of fluttering lotus flowers, again and again I recite my loneliness. I tear verse from my fingertips and scatter I recite my loneliness. I tear verse from my fingertips and scatter them; light littering shade. Enraptured, I surrender: recline in a boat them; light littering shade. Enraptured, I surrender: recline in a boat drifting across the green, searching in water for trails weaving drifting across the green, searching in water for trails weaving between the stars . . . between the stars . . .

Tian An MenTian An Men

Insiden 4 Juni 1989Insiden 4 Juni 1989 Dimulai sejak April 1989, pemakaman Hu Dimulai sejak April 1989, pemakaman Hu

Yaobang (reformis)Yaobang (reformis) Menentang autoritarianismeMenentang autoritarianisme Menginginkan kebijakan ekonomi dan Menginginkan kebijakan ekonomi dan

reformasi politikreformasi politik 3000-an orang meninggal di lapangan Tian 3000-an orang meninggal di lapangan Tian

An MenAn Men Embargo: Ekonomi dan MiliterEmbargo: Ekonomi dan Militer

Korban meninggal dan Korban meninggal dan terlukaterluka

7,000 meninggald an luka - NATO7,000 meninggald an luka - NATO 4,000-6,000 - Edward Timperlake4,000-6,000 - Edward Timperlake 2,600 meninggal Palang merah Cina2,600 meninggal Palang merah Cina 1,000 meninggal Amnesty 1,000 meninggal Amnesty

InternationalInternational

Avant GardeAvant Garde

EksperimentalEksperimental Yu Hua (Yu Hua ( 余华余华 ), Ge Fei (), Ge Fei ( 格非格非 ), Su ), Su

Tong (Tong ( 苏童苏童 ), Wang Shuo (), Wang Shuo ( 王朔王朔 )) RealismeRealisme Novel berlatar sejarahNovel berlatar sejarah SimbolismeSimbolisme

Yu HuaYu Hua NovelisNovelis CerpenCerpen To Live (1992) To Live (1992)

(( 活着活着 , Huózhe) , Huózhe) difilmkan oleh difilmkan oleh Zhang Yi MouZhang Yi Mou

Ge FeiGe Fei NovelNovel PuisiPuisi

Su TongSu Tong NovelNovel Raise the Red Raise the Red

LanternLantern Difilmkan oleh Difilmkan oleh

Zhang Yi MouZhang Yi Mou

Wang ShuoWang Shuo Novel SatireNovel Satire Spiritual PollutanSpiritual Pollutan Gaya ‘Hooligan’Gaya ‘Hooligan’ SutradaraSutradara