Some simple sentences -1

Let us start with  a few simple sentences with simple verbs and subjects. Verb changes with the form of the subject. In Sanskrit, the root form of a verb is called dhatu. For example the root for the verb read is 'path (पठ्�)'.

 

The dhatu (धा�तु�) then takes different forms based on the number, tenses and the person form of the subject in a sentence. But not takes different forms in gender.

 

Lets us see how 'path' dhatu (पठ्� धा�तु�) takes different forms in some cases.

 

Let's say you want to ask, who is reading referring a girl (feminine) . Then you say ' kaa pathati? (का� पठ्तितु?)'. Here 'kaa' (का�) means who in a feminine form. The verb path (पठ्�) becomes pathati (पठ्तितु).

 

If you want to ask the same question in a masculine form that would be 'kaha pathati (का पठ्तितु). Here 'kaha' (का) means who in a masculine form. But notice that the verb pathati (पठ्तितु) remains the same.

 

When you say, You read, that would be 'tvam pathasi (त्वं पठ्सि�)' ‌Here 'tvam (त्वं ) means You. Please note that the verb pathbecomes pathasi (पठ्सि�).

 

When you say, I read, that would be 'aham pathaami (अहं पठ्�मि�)' Here 'aham (अहं ) means I. And path dhatu (पठ्� धा�तु�) takes the form of pathami (पठ्�मि�).

 

In order to know more about tenses please navigate here.

 

 

Similarly, lets make some more sentences using different dhatus.

 

Seeta plays. 'Seeta kreedati ( ��तु� क्री�डतितु )'

you play. 'tvam kreedasi (त्वं क्री�डसि� )' 

I play. ' aham kreedaami (अहं क्री�ड�मि� )'

 

Alex says. ' Alexha vadati ( अले�क्षः वंदतितु )'

You say. 'tvam vadasi (त्वं वंदसि� )'

I say. 'aham vadaami (अहं वंद�मि� )'

 

This person (referring to he) sits. 'eshaha upavishati (एषः उपतिवंशतितु)'

You sit. 'tvam upavishasi (त्वं�� उपतिवंशसि� )'

I sit. 'aham upavishaami (अहं�� उपतिवंश�मि� )'

 

Now you got the drift. Now you know how to make very simple sentences using very simple words.  Experiment with your own words if you like. Good luck!

Some simple sentences -2

Here let us try to make some more simple sentences. Let's try to ask simple questions using the word 'when' and try to use simple sentences to answer them. The word 'kadaa   ( काद� )  ' gives the meaning when.

Let's say you would like to ask when does Alex go? That would be,'Alexaha kadaa gachchati? (अले�क्षः काद� गच्छतितु )?'

Let us say, Alex goes at 7 o'clock. That would be,'Alexaha saptavaadane gachchati (अले�क्षः �प्तुवं�दने� गच्छतितु )'

Let us try some more sentences.

When does Seeta read? 'Seeta kadaa pathati? (��तु� काद� पठ्तितु)Seeta reads at half past three. 'Seetaa saardha trivaadane pathati (��तु� ��धा$ति%वं�दने� पठ्तितु)

When do they play? ' taaha kada kreedanti? (तु� काद� क्री�डन्ति'तु)?'They play at 8 o'clock. ' taaha ashtavaadane kreedanti (तु� अष्टवं�दने� क्री�डन्ति'तु)'

When do I write? ' aham kada likhami? (अहं काद� सिलेखा�मि�?)'I write at quarter to eleven. ' aham paadona ekaadashavaadane likhaami (अहं प�द*ने एका�दशवं�दने� सिलेखा�मि� )

When do you go? 'tvam kada gachchasi? (त्वं काद� गच्छसि�)?'You go at 2 0'clock 'tvam dvi vaadane gachchasi (त्वं ति+वं�दने� गच्छसि� )

When do you get up? 'bhavan kada uttishthati? (भवं�ने� काद� उत्ति.ष्ठतितु)?'You (masculine) get up at 6:10. ' bhavan dashaadhika shadvaadane uttishthati (भवं�ने� दश�मिधाका षःड�वं�दने� उत्ति.ष्ठतितु)

When is your dance? 'bhavatyaaha nartanam kada asti? (भवंत्याः� नेतु$ने काद� अस्ति2तु)?'Your (feminine) dance is at 5:35. 'bhavatyaaha nartanam panchaadhika saardha panchavaadane asti (भवंत्याः� नेतु$ने पञ्चा�मिधाका ��धा$ पञ्चावं�दने� अस्ति2तु)

When does he write? ' saha kada likhati? (� काद� सिलेखातितु)?'He writes in the evening. 'saha saankaale likhati (� ��याःङ्�का�ले� सिलेखातितु)

That's about different situations where you can ask question using the word 'kada (काद�)' In addition to that you have also learned how to refer the time at different instances.And I am sure you have also noticed masculine and feminine forms of the pronoun you, changing bhavan (भवं�ने�) andbhavatyaha(भवंत्याः�). Now, that is a good start. Try to make as many sentences as you would like using these new words that you have learned. Play with the words and I am sure you will find it fun.

Some simple sentences -3

We often use in our sentences words like today, tomorrow and day after tomorrow whenever we referring to a day. So, let us try to learn such kind of words in Sanskrit.

Let us start with simple ones. Let us say you want to say, today is friday. That would be in Sanskrit 'adya shukravaasaraha अद्य श�क्रीवं��रः' where, adya (अद्य) means today and shukravaasarha (श�क्रीवं��रः) means Friday.

How about saying tomorrow is saturday? Of course it has to be saturday tomorrow if it is Friday today!

Tomorrow is Saturday. ' shvaha shanivaasaraha (श्वः शतिनेवं��रः)

That makes the day after tomorrow a Sunday after all!

Day after tomorrow is Sunday. 'parashvaha bhaanuvaasaraha (परःश्वः भ�ने�वं��रः)

What about coming Monday then? A day after the day after tomorrow?

The day after day after tomorrow is Monday. 'praparashavaha somavaasaraha(प्रपरःश्वः �*�वं��रः )

By the way, we haven't learned yet how to refer yesterday yet, have we?

That would be 'hyaha' (ह्यः).

Yesterday was Thursday. 'hyaha guruvaasarha (ह्यः ग�रुवं��रः)

That's enough for now. You have learnt hyaha (yesterday), adya (today), shvaha (tommorow), parashvaha (day after tomorrow) and praparashavaha (day after the day after tomorrow) all at once. Similarly day before yesterday is parahyaha (परःह्यः) and day before the day before yesterday is praparahyaha (प्रपरःह्यः) in sanskrit.

 

Go use it in your own sentences. The whole sentence does not necessarily be in Sanskrit. Use these words along with the words with the language that you are comfortable with.

Learning is a great experience. It's lot of fun. It's not just about what we learn but it's all about how much fun that our brain cells get during the process.

Some simple sentences -4

Let us learn how to make simple sentences using simple words such as who, he and she. In Sanskrit the words 'eshaha' (एषः) and 'saha' (�) both means 'he'. However eshaha (एषः) can be used in the context where you use the word he, meaning broadly, this one and similarly saha (�) reffering to that one.

 

'Who' is 'kaha' (का) in masculine form and kaa (का�) in feminine form.

 

Let us now try to use this words in simple sentences. It really is very simple. You just add the respective words together. That's all.

Who is he (this one)?  'eshaha kaha?   एषः का?'

 

Who is he (that one)? 'shaha kaha?   � का?'

 

Who is she (this one)?  'eshaa kaa?   एषः� का�?'

 

Who is she (that one)?  'saa kaa?   �� का�?'

 

There we go! And you might want to know how one will answer these questions. Let us say, you are asking, who he is referring to Alex. Then the answer is 'he is Alex', which would be saha Alexha (� अले�क्षः).

When you are referring to Seeta, who she is, that would be esha Seetaa (एषः� ��तु�).

 

Please note that in these simple sentences, how words such as eshaha (एषः), saha (�) and Alexaha (अले�क्षः), words ending with '-ha' are masculine, where as Seetaa (��तु�), eshaa (एषः�) and saa (��), those ending with '-aa' are feminine.

 

Alright. Let us now learn few more simple words and how to use them in simple sentences.

 

The word etat (एतुतु�) means, 'this or it'. And, tat (तुतु�) means, 'that'. The word kim (तिका��) means 'what'.

 

What is this or what is it? would be 'etat kim? एतुतु� तिका��?'

What is that? would be 'tat kim? तुतु� तिका��?'

 

 

Let us say, you answer to these by saying this is book. That would be 'etat pustakam'.  एतुतु� प�2तुका��।

 

Please note that the words 'kim' (तिका��) and 'pustakam' (प�2तुका��) ending with the same suffix  '-m'.

You will later learn in detail why so, under the section of Grammar.

We have learned the meaning of the word kutra (का� %), in the lesson simple interrogative words. Kutra (का� %) means 'where'. Let us learn few more words like atra (अ%), tatra (तु%), sarvatra (�वं$%) and anyatra (अ'याः%), and use them in simple sentences. Atra(अ%) means 'here'. Tatra (तु%) means 'there'. Sarvatra (�वं$%) means 'everywhere'. And anyatra (अ'याः%) means 'somewhere'.

 

Alexaha kutra asti? (अले�क्षः का� % अस्ति2तु)? meaning 'where is Alex?' can be answered  by saying alexaha tatra asti (अले�क्षः तु% अस्ति2तु). That means 'there is Alex' or 'Alex is there'. Or let us say, 'Alex is here'. That would be alexaha atra asti (अले�क्षः अ% अस्ति2तु).

 

We have learned before that the word na (ने) is used for negation. Let us say, you would like to say 'Alex is not there'. In that case, we use the word naasti (ने�स्ति2तु) which is the combination of the word na (ने) and asti (अस्ति2तु). You would say, alexaha tatra naasti. (अले�क्षः तु% ने�स्ति2तु). Further, you can also say alexaha tatra naasti (अले�क्षः तु% ने�स्ति2तु); saha anyatra asti (� अ'याः% अस्ति2तु). This means 'Alex is not there; He is somewhere'. The word anyatra ( अ'याः%) is used to translate the word 'somewhere' from English to Sanskrit.

 

The word vaa (वं�) is usually used at the end of the sentence in order to make that sentence nearly a question. For example 'Alex is there, isn't  he'? can be translated in Sanskrit to alexaha tatra asti vaa? (अले�क्षः तु% अस्ति2तु वं�)? you can answer this question by saying aam alexaha tatra asti (आ�� अले�क्षः तु% अस्ति2तु) if Alex is there. The word aam is an affirmative   word used in the beginning of the sentence. 

 

The word sarvatra (�वं$%) means 'everywhere'. We can use the word sarvatra (�वं$%) while translating the sentence 'Air is every where' in Sanskrit. Vaayuhu sarvatra asti (वं�याः� �वं$% अस्ति2तु) means 'Air is everywhere'. Vaayuhu (वं�याः�) means 'air'.

 

Try to make simple sentences yourself using these simple words you have learned so far and I assure you it is going to be really fun. We have learned so far many simple words such as He, She, It, I, You and simple verbs those can be used along with these words. We have learned to use these words in simple sentences. We will further learn how to make simple conversations in later sections.