Sarah Bernhardt

Alfons Mucha

Sarah BernhardtThe Parisian actress Sarah Bernhardt (1844-1923) was the single most influential figure in Mucha’s life as an artist.  It was his first

poster for her, Gismonda, that made him famous and he grew both as a man and an artist through his professional collaboration and

friendship with the greatest stage personality of the era.Mucha met Sarah Bernhardt for the first time in late 1894.  Legend

says that on St. Stephen’s Day (26th December) Mucha, then a humble illustrator, was doing a favour for a friend, correcting proofs

at Lemercier’s printing workshop, when the actress called the printer with an immediate demand for a new poster for her

production of Gismonda. All the regular Lemercier artists were on holiday, so Mucha was turned to in desperation. Despite his lack of experience in designing posters, Mucha grabbed this opportunity

and, to his own amazement, ‘La divine Sarah’ loved his work .

1894 Poster for Victorien Sardou's Gismonda

Starring Sarah Bernhardt at the Theatre de la

Renaissance, Paris

.

Mucha’s Gismonda posters were up all over Paris on the morning of 1st January 1895 and they were to revolutionise poster design. The long narrow shape, the subtle pastel colours and the stillness of the near life-size figure introduced a note of dignity and sobriety, which were quite startling in their novelty. The posters immediately became objects of desire to collectors, many of whom used clandestine methods to obtain them, either bribing bill stickers or simply going out at night and cutting them down from the hoardings.

.

Study of Sarah Bernhardt

Delighted with the success of Gismonda, Sarah Bernhardt immediately offered Mucha a contract to produce stage and costume designs as well as posters.  Under this contract, Mucha produced six

more posters for her productions: La Dame aux Camélias (1896), Lorenzaccio (1896), La Samaritaine (1897), Médée (1898), La Tosca (1898) and Hamlet (1899). Mucha applied to these posters the same

design principle as that he had developed for Gismonda – the use of an elongated format with a single, full-standing figure of the actress

placed in a raised shallow alcove like a saint.

Study of Sarah Bernhardt by Alphonse Mucha.

The collaboration between Mucha and Sarah Bernhardt was mutually beneficial.  Mucha’s posters immortalised the ‘divine’ image of the actress, consolidating her iconic status. For her part, Bernhardt was so enamoured

with Mucha’s work that after 1896 she made use of his designs for all posters advertising her American tours. This promoted Mucha’s work and helped him

secure a foothold to explore a new career in the United States after 1904.

Poster for 'La Dame aux Camelias' (1896)Sarah Bernhardt considered La Dame aux Camélias by Alexandre Dumas to be the key drama in her repertoire. Bernhardt played the title role, the courtesan Camille who is dying of consumption and releases her lover from his promise to marry her.

-love's ultimate sacrifice.This poster became one of Bernhardt's favourites, and she used this design for her American tour in 1905-1906 and 1910-1911.

1896 Poster for Lorenzaccio at the Theatre de la Renaissance, Paris lithograph 203.7 x 73 cm

Photographie de Sarah Bernhardt dans La Princesse Lointaine dedicacee par l'artiste. Reutlinger Studio, Paris.

Full tiara, 1900

Diadem for La Princesse Lointaine. 1895Musee et Bibliothèque de l’Opera

Paris

Sarah Bernhardt wearing a diadem by Alphonse Mucha in "La Princesse Lointaine," by Edmond Rostand, at the Theatre de la Renaissance, 1895.

Bague et bracelet pour Sarah Bernhardt par Fouquet et Mucha, 1899

The bracelet Alphonse Mucha designed for Sarah Bernhardt's costume when she played Cleopatra (1891)

Affiche publicitaire pour LU avec le portrait de Sarah Bernhardt, 1904

Sarah Bernhardt a pose dans l’un des costumes crees par Muchapour la pièce « La Princesse lointaine » d’Edmond Rostand

( cet exemplaire de l’affiche a ete dedicace par Sarah Bernhardt )

Couverture. L'affiche du spectacle est reproduite reduite sans les references à la pièce en haut et bas de l'affiche.

La calligraphie hebraïque realisee par Mucha pour la creation de la pièce est reutilisee pour le texte.

La Samaritaine, 1897. Color lithograph

Étude pour l'affiche. Encre de Chine et aquarelle sur papier.

La Samaritaine Acte I : Sarah Bernhardt et Leon Bremont sur scène

Poster for 'La Trappistine' (1897)The style developed in Mucha's posters for Sarah Bernhardt is applied to this poster, which advertises a liqueur made by

Parisian distillers..Here the graceful figure of a young woman dominates the composition against a halo

decorated with circular motifs which became one of the

characteristics of Mucha’s style. In this design, the hair is

entirely orderly but a single thick strand hangs down,

leading the viewer’s eyes to the low table where she holds the

bottle of La Trappistine.

Poster for 'La Trappistine' lithograph

Medea, Study

Poster for 'Medee', 1898

Poster for 'Medee', 1898

Here Mucha captures the

compelling stage presence of

Sarah Bernhardt in the famous

Greek tragedy Medée.

The substance of the tragedy is

embodied in the tense, wide-eyed

expression of the actress. The

stylised landscape in the

background shows the influence

of the contemporary fashion for

Japonisme, and heightens the

exotic atmosphere of the drama.

The bracelet worn by Medea is

the prototype of Mucha's Snake

Bracelet (Sakai City Collection,

Japan) commissioned by Sarah

Bernhardt from the jeweller

Georges Fouquet.

1898 Sarah Bernhardt chalk on paper 49.7 x 41.4 cm

Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt oil on canvas 146 x 80 cm © Alphonse Mucha Estate/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris

Carte postale representant l'actrice en Photine

Poster for 'La Tosca' (1899)

Hamlet (estudio)

1899 Poster for 'Hamlet' Sarah Bernhardt at the Theatre Sarah

Bernhardt.

Lithograph 205.7 x 76.5 cm Estate-Artists Rights Society,

Paris

Carte postale programme, pour la tournee americaine de l'actrice, reproduisant l'affiche du spectacle.

By Mucha, 1905, Sarah Bernhardt, Farewell American tour.

Sarah-Bernhardt / Farewell American Tour 1905-1906. Alphonse Mucha

מקורות:

http://www.muchafoundation./sarah-bernhardt

http://poulwebb./alphonse-mucha-part-1.html

http://richet.christian.free.fr/princessloin/princess.html

http://richet.christian.free.fr/samar/samaritaine.html#a2

http://www.settemuse.ii/alphonse_mucha_

http://betysman-coleccionistadeimagenes.

http://veravague.blogspot.co.il/2013/12/the-art-of-mucha.html

קלריטה ואפריםהנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו:

www.clarita-efraim.comchefetze@netvision/net.il