saqartvelos sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis...

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro

koncefciuri dokumentis proeqti

Tbilisi

2006

sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba "bemoni"

winamdebare koncefciuri dokumenti Seiqmna saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministrTan arsebuli saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos mier. sabWos Semadgenloba:

1. Tamar sirbilaZe, sabWos Tavmjdomare sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba bemonis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare

2. merab maWavariani, sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli samedicino saqmianobis regulirebis saxelmwifo saagentos mTavari specialisti

3. xaTuna TodaZe narkologiis s/k institutis samecniero direqtori

4. Tamaz zaqaraSvili saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros specialuri operatiuli departamentis samsaxuris ufrosis moadgile

5. levan baramiZe sazogadoebrivi jandacvis departamentis Tavmjdomare

6. daviT cicqiSvili saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli wm. gabriel qiqoZis sax. fsiqologiuri daxmarebis centris fsiqologi

7. jana javaxiSvili evrokavSirisa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis samxreT kavkasiis antinarkotikuli programis sainformacio samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli

8. papuna baraTaSvili d. uznaZis sax. fsiqologiis institutis statistikis ganyofilebis TanamSromeli

9. nino nadaSvili

Sidsis, tuberkulozisa da malariis winaaRmdeg brZolis globaluri fondis proeqtis komponentebis koordinatori

saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategia

koncefciuri dokumentis proeqti

Sinaarsi:

1. winasityvaoba

2. situaciis analizi

2.1. saqarTveloSi narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis mimoxilva 2.2. saqarTvelos gamocdileba narkomaniis problemis mogvarebis

sferoSi 2.2.1. problemis daZlevis strategiebis dinamika 2.2.2. narkotikebis mowodebasa da moTxovnasTan brZolis

Sesabamisi instituciuri meqanizmebis Seqmna 2.2.3. narkotikebis moTxovnasTan brZolis saxelmwifo

programa 2.2.4. arasamTavrobo seqtoris moRvaweoba 2.2.5. kanonmdeblobis ganviTareba

2.3. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba

3. strategiis msoflmxedvelobrivi platforma

3.1. filosofia da midgoma 3.2. sabazo Rirebulebebi da principebi

3.2.1. strategiis fuZemdebluri principebi

4. strategiis mizani da amocanebi

4.1. ZiriTadi mizani 4.2. strategiuli amocanebi

5. strategiis samoqmedo areali

5.1. ZiriTadi samizne jgufebi (strategiis obieqtebi) 5.1.1. bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi 5.1.2. zrdasruli mosaxleoba 5.1.3. narkotikebis momxmareblebi

5.2. strategiis ganxorcielebis adgili

5.2.1. saswavlo dawesebulebebi 5.2.2. ojaxi 5.2.3. samsaxurebi (samuSao adgili) 5.2.4. SeiaraRebuli Zalebi 5.2.5. penitenciuri sistema 5.2.6. Temi

5.2.7. eklesia 5.2.8. rekreaciuli garemo (gasarTobi dawesebulebebi)

6. strategiis instrumentebi

6.1. strategiis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi

61.1. narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba 6.1.1.1. narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia 6.1.1.2. wamaldamokidebul pirTa mkurnaloba da

reabilitacia 6.1.1.3. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis

Semcireba

6.1.2. narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba 6.1.3. profesiuli kadrebis momzadeba 6.1.4. sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia narkomaniis samedicino, socialuri, iuridiuli, ekonomikuri aspeqtebis Sesaxeb kvalificiuri informaciis miwodebis gziT 6.1.5. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba 6.1.6. monitoringi da kvleva

7. strategiis ganxorcielebis meqanizmi - koordinacia

7.1. koordinaciis struqtura 7.2. erovnuli makoordinirebeli organos roli da funqciebi 7.3. erovnuli makoordinirebeli organos savaraudo struqtura

8. programis dafinansebis wyaroebi 9. samoqmedo gegma 10. danarTebi

danarTi 1 - raodenobrivi kvlevis Sedegebi danarTi 2 - raodenobrivi kvlevis instrumenti danarTi 3 - Tvisobrivi kvlevis Sedegebi danarTi 4 - Tvisobrivi kvlevis instrumenti danarTi 5 - narkomaniis sferoSi saqarTveloSi momuSave organizaciaTa

CamonaTvali danarTi 6 - narkomaniis sferoSi saqarTveloSi momuSave organizaciaTa

saqmianobis saregistracio kiTxvari danarTi 7 - situaciis eqspres-Sefasebis kiTxvari



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1. winasityvaoba kacobriobam XXI saukuneSi Seabija erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sayovelTao problemis - narkomaniis gavrcelebis SezRudvis efeqturi gzebis ZiebiT. dRes am problemam globaluri xasiaTi miiRo da yvela saxelmwifos zrunvis sagans warmoadgens. man ar icis rasobrivi, religiuri, nacionaluri da sxva barierebi. narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba wlidan wlamde izrdeba da es zrda ZiriTadad axalgazdebis xarjze xdeba. gaeros generaluri asambleis meoce specialuri sesiis politikur deklaraciaSi naTqvamia: "narkotikebi seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mTeli kacobriobis janmrTelobasa da keTildReobas, qveynebis damoukideblobasa da demokratias, erebis stabilurobas, milionobiT adamianebisa da ojaxebis Rirsebasa da imedebs". narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli msoflio politika ganisazRvreba saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT da saxelmwifoTaSorisi SeTanxmebebiT problemur sferoSi TanamSromlobaze. amgvarad, dRes msoflioSi mimdinareobs narkotikebis gavrcelebis problemisadmi midgomis harmonizaciis procesi. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli qveynis nacionaluri politika am sferoSi inarCunebs garkveul Taviseburebebs, konkretuli qveynis tradiciebidan da aqtualuri narkologiuri situaciidan gamomdinare. politika - es aris partniorebs Soris Tanxmoba, konsensusi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra problemebi unda gadaiWras da ra saSualebebiTa da strategiebiT unda xdebodes es. narkomaniis gavrcelebaze kontroli scildeba erTi sferos farglebs da Znelia, daasaxelo socialuri politika, romelic ufro met kiTxvebs badebs, vidre narkomaniis problemasTan dakavSirebuli politikaa. rogori unda iyos saqarTveloSi narkomaniis problemis mogvarebaze mimarTuli sistema? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema Zalian rTulia, magram erTi ramis Tqma namdvilad SeiZleba: sistema unda iyos, erTis mxriv, arsebuli situaciis adekvaturi da, meores mxriv, moqnili, anu operatiulad unda reagirebdes situaciis cvlilebaze. Cven unda SevimuSavoT pragmatuli, integrirebuli, grZelvadiani midgoma, romelic SeaCerebs problemis Semdgom eskalacias da xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi viTarebis gaumjobesebas. gamomdinare zemoTqmulidan, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganmsazRvreli sabWos winaSe ukiduresad rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo amocana idga - saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategiis dokumentis SemuSaveba.



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dokumentis SemuSavebis procesSi araerTi samuSao Sexvedra da konsultacia gaimarTa. uRrmes madlobas movaxsenebT saqarTvelos parlamentis, Sinagan saqmeTa, iusticiis, ganaTlebis saministroebis, sapatriarqos, sxvadasxva organizaciaTa warmomdgenlebs, yvelas, vinc aqtiurad monawileobda am procesSi da mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana strategiis SeqmnaSi. winamdebare dokumenti, erTis mxriv, morgebulia qarTul realobas, da, meores mxriv, iTvaliswinebs gaeros generaluri asambleis me-20 specialuri sesiisa da gaeros konvenciebis moTxovnebs da iziarebs evrokavSiris narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli strategiis ZiriTad principebsa da amocanebs. evropuli midgoma gulisxmobs dabalansebul, multidisciplinarul da integrirebul saqmianobas am sferoSi. dokumentis Seqmnas win uZRoda saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis analizi, sxva qveynebis gamocdilebis Seswavla da narkomaniis problemisadmi sazogadoebis damokidebulebis kvleva. strategiis dokumenti gvTavazobs problemis gadaWris iseT gzebs, romlebic misaRebia sazogadoebisaTvis; efeqtur da realistur strategiebs; narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis monitogingisa da narkopolitikis ganxorcielebis koordinaciis meqanizmebs. vimedovnebT, rom erToblivi ZalisxmeviT moxerxdeba saqarTveloSi narkomaniis problemis mogvareba. pativiscemiT, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis ganmsazRvrelis sabWo



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2. situaciis analizi

2.1. saqarTveloSi narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis mimoxilva

narkotikebis moxmareba da masTan dakavSirebuli janmrTelobis, socialuri Tu ekonomikuri Sedegebi umwvaves problemas warmoadgens dRes saqarTvelosTvis. 1990-iani wlebidan qveyanaSi aRiniSneba narkomaniis eskalacia. erTis mxriv, sabWoTa reJimis rRvevas mohyva narkomaniasTan brZolis totalituri saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sistemis daSla, romelic ZiriTadad amkrZalav RonisZiebebze iyo damyarebuli. meores mxriv, qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma socialurma, politikurma da ekonomikurma movlenebma warmoSva mTeli rigi faqtorebisa, romlebmac narkotikebis moxmarebis intensiur zrdas Seuwyo xeli. kerZod, daucveli sazRvrebi, ukontrolo teritoriebi, kriminaluri situaciis mkveTri gauareseba, korufcia zrdida narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobas. amave dros, socialur-ekonomikuri kolafsi, faseulobaTa krizisi sazogadoebaSi, socialuri pesimizmi, umuSevroba xels uwyobda narkotikebis moxmarebis zrdas. miuxedavad imisa, rom ukanasknel xanebSi aRiniSneba ekonomikis ganviTareba da danaSaulis Semcireba, narkotikebiT aralegaluri vaWroba da maTi moxmareba kvlav matulobs. situacias kidev ufro amZafrebs saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba, rac qveyanas aziidan evropisken narkotikebis tranzitis erT-erT mniSvnelovan trasad aqcevs. am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo mogvevlina im marSrutebis uSualo damakavSireblad, romelTa meSveobiTac narkotikebi avRaneTidan da centraluri aziidan evropisken miedineba. aRniSnuli narkotikebis nawili saqarTveloSi rCeba da xels uwyobs maTi moxmarebis zrdas qveyanaSi. ukanasknel wlebSi mkveTrad gaizarda narkotikebis evropidan Semotana. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia eqstazi da, gansakuTrebiT, subuteqsi, romlis moxmarebam 2004-2005 wlebSi saqarTveloSi sagangaSo masStabs miaRwia. narkologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis monacemebiT, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da narkomanTa oficialurad registrirebuli raodenoba 1990-dan 2004 wlamde 9-jer gaizarda. 2004 wlis bolosTvis oficialurad registirebuli iyo 24,000-mde narkotikebis momxmarebeli an maTze damokidebuli piri. magram, eqspertuli monacemebiT, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da damokidebulTa savaraudo ricxvi dRes 200-240 aTass aRwevs. maT Soris, ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da maTze damokidebul pirTa raodenoba 80-90 aTasia. ukanasknel wlebSi gafarTovda saqarTveloSi moxmarebuli narkotikuli saSualebebis speqtri. Tu 1998-99 wlebamde ineqciuri narkotikebidan ZiriTadad moixmardnen opiumisa da yayaCos namjisgan kustarulad damzadebul narkotiks, 1999-2000 wlebidan ZiriTadi ineqciuri narkotiki heroini gaxda. 2003 wels adgili



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hqonda yayaCos Teslis masobriv moxmarebas, rac Sewyda aRmkveTi RonisZiebebis Semdeg. bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebul masStabebs miaRwia buprenorfinis (subuteqsis) moxmarebam. aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis narkotikebis moxmarebis 2005 wlis angariSis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi 275 000-mde narkotikebis momxmarebelia. 2004 wels narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba 150 000-iT gaizarda mxolod subuteqsis moxmarebis xarjze. SedarebiT mcire adgili uWiravs stimulatorebis ineqciur moxmarebas.

araineqciuri narkotikuli saSualebebidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia kanafi (marixuana), romlis farTod moxmareba ukanasknel wlebSi, praqtikulad, saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze aRiniSneba. gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa axalgazrdebSi, maT Soris mozardebSi, kanafis moxmarebis mniSvnelovani mateba. yuradRebas imsaxurebs agreTve axalgazrdebis mier eqstazis moxmareba, rac umTavresad did qalaqebSi xdeba. sagangaSo masStabebs aRwevs bavSvebsa da mozardebSi, gansakuTrebiT mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebul bavSvebSi, narkotikulad moqmedi aqroladi nivTierebebis gamoyenebis maRali done.

gafarTovda agreTve narkotikebis moxmarebis sazRvrebi momxmarebelTa asakis, socialuri da geografiuli kuTvnilebis TvalsazrisiT. erTis mxriv, aRiniSneba narkotikebis, maT Soris ineqciuri narkotikebis, pirveli moxmarebis asakis gaaxalgazrdaveba. meores mxriv, gaizarda narkotikebis momxmarebelTa asakobrivi diapazoni bavSvebidan xandazmulebamde. saqarTveloSi narkotikebis moxmarebis problema karga xania gascda didi qalaqebis sazRvrebs. Tumca, dResac, narkotikebi did qalaqebSi ufro xelmisawvdomia, maTi moxmareba patara qalaqebsa da soflebSic sakmaod xSiria. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia adgilobrivad kultivirebuli kanafis farTod gamoyeneba soflad. narkotikebis moxmareba aseve aRiniSneba TiTqmis yvela socialur fenaSi. Tumca qalebis mier narkotikebis moxmareba, kulturuli da tradiciuli Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, iseTi masStabiT ar aRiniSneba, rogorc sxva qveynebSi (mag. ruseTi, ukraina, evropis zogierTi qveyana da a.S), eqspertebi miuTiTeben, rom ukanasknel wlebSi qalebsa da gogonebSi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

samwuxarod, dafinansebis simciris gamo, saxelmwifo ver axerxebs Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebas qveyanaSi narkotikebis mowodebis SezRudvis, maTi moxmarebis prevenciisa da samkurnalo-sareabilitacio programebis danergvis mxriv. yovelive amas kidev ufro arTulebs sazogadoebis umoqmedoba da problemiT arasakmarisi daintereseba. arasrulyofilia kanonmdebloba. aRsrulebis meqanizmebi moZvelebuli an naklebad qmediTia.



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2.2. saqarTvelos gamocdileba narkomaniis problemis mogvarebis sferoSi1

2.2.1. problemis daZlevis strategiebis dinamika saqarTveloSi narkomaniis problemis winaaRmdeg sapasuxo RonisZiebaTa sistemis Seqmna sabWoTa periodSi daiwyo. narkomani mxolod damnaSaved iTvleboda da narkomaniasTan brZola, ZiriTadad, policiur RonisZiebebs gulisxmobda. es ar gamoricxavda mkurnalobasac, Tumca ar arsebobda pirovnebaze orientirebuli da adamianis uflebebis dacvaze dafuZnebuli narkomaniis prevenciis, mkurnalobis Tu reabilitaciis raime sistema. narkomaniis gavrcelebis profilaqtika ZiriTadad Zalovan struqturaTa amkrZalav RonisZiebebze iyo dafuZnebuli. narkotikuli saSualebebis xelmisawvdomobis done da maTi gadineba Sav bazarze Zalian dabali iyo. XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan situacia Seicvala - samarTaldamcavi sistemis da ideologiis SedarebiTma liberalizaciam xeli Seuwyo narkomaniis gavrcelebas. miuxedavad problemis gamwvavebisa, sazogadoebaSi misi aRiareba ar xdeboda. gardamaval periodSi, damoukideblobis mopovebasTan erTad, qveynis sasazRvro da sabaJo samsaxurebis daSlis, samoqalaqo omis, ukontrolo teritoriebis gaCenis, kriminaluri situaciis mkveTri gauaresebis fonze, qveyanaSi garTulda narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan brZola. problemis ukiduresi gamwvavebis pirobebSi aucilebeli gaxda saxelmwifo doneze strategiuli reagireba. qveynis imJamindelma xelisuflebam daiwyo narkotikebis mowodebasa da moTxovnasTan brZolis Sesabamisi instituciuri meqanizmebis Seqmna. 2.2.2. narkotikebis mowodebasa da moTxovnasTan brZolis Sesabamisi instituciuri meqanizmebis Seqmna * 1992 wels saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sida samZebro ganyofilebidan gamoyofil iqna narkotikebis ukanono brunvasTan brZolis sammarTvelo, romelic SemdgomSi - 1994 wels - Sinagan saqmeTa saministros narkomaniasTan da narkobiznesTan brZolis erovnul biurod Camoyalibda. samwuxarod, verc am uwyebam auara gverdi imxanad Zalovan struqturebSi gamefebul korufcias. dReisaTvis igi reorganizebul iqna Sinagan saqmeTa saministros specialuri

1 narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi, 2004, wliuri angariSi, samxreT kavkasiis antinarkotikuli programa



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operatiuli departamentis SemadgenlobaSi Semaval narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis sammarTvelod. * 1993 wels dafuZnebul iqna narkologiis erovnuli samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, romelsac dargisaTvis meTodologiuri, organizaciuli da sxva saxis xelmZRvaneloba unda gaewia. sabiujeto krizisis mizeziT, 1995 wels, instituts CamoerTva saxelmwifo sajaro dawesebulebis statusi da igi gadaiqca kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad. am cvlilebiT saxelmwifom faqtiurad moixsna institutis ucilobeli dafinsebis valdebuleba da aRiara narkologiuri samsaxuris srulfasovani ganviTarebis naklebprioritetuloba saqarTveloSi. * 1996 wels Seiqmna erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos narkomaniis gavrcelebis, narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxelmwifo komisia, romelsac TanaTavmjdomareobdnen Sinagan saqmeTa da jandacvis ministrebi. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi gaerTianebuli iyvnen Zalovani struqturebis pirveli pirebi (ministrebi, uwyebaTa xelmZRvanelebi), agreTve jandacvis saministros, sportis komitetis, sabaJosa da sxva Sesabamis struqturaTa xelmZRvaneli pirebi. komisiis mizani iyo, moexdina qveynis sxvadasxva uwyebaTa saqmianobis integrireba narkomaniasTan brZolis sferoSi. amis miRweva mas undoda “saqarTveloSi narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxelmwifo programis” erToblivi SemuSavebiTa da ganxorcielebiT. komisiam marTlac SeimuSava narkomaniis problemis dasaZlevi mravaluwyebrivi TanamSromlobis principze agebuli ori erovnuli gegma, magram maTgan verc erTi ver ganxorcielda finansebis uqonlobis mizeziT. TviT komisia umoqmedo struqturad iqca. 2.2.3. narkotikebis moTxovnasTan brZolis saxelmwifo programa 1997 wlidan, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sazogadoebrivi jandacvis departamentis xelmZRvanelobiT, narkologiis samecniero-kvleviTma institutma daiwyo ~narkomaniis profilaqtikis saxelmwifo programis~ ganxorcieleba. programis udidesi nawili tradiciulad narkologiur eqspertizas xmardeboda2. im mokrZalebuli TanxebiT, rac rCeboda eqspertizis miRma (saSualod 250 - 200 aTasi lari weliwadSi 2005 wlamde; 2005 wlidan dafinanseba Seikveca 50 aTasamde), programa axorcielebda samuSaoebs Semdegi mimarTulebiT: 2 2005 wlidan gaerTianda sasamarTlo-samedicino, fiqiatriuli da narkologiuri eqspertizebi da gadavida iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi.



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1. saqarTveloSi narkologiuri samsaxuris qselis Seqmna:

programis ganxorcielebis procesSi Seiqmna 10 regionuli narkologiuri centri da 21 raionuli narkologiuri kabineti, romelTac respublikuri narkologiuri qseli Seadgines. agreTve, amoqmedda respublikuri sainformacio banki, romelSic Tavs iyris qselidan mowodebuli informacia narkotikuli saSualebebisa da damokidebuli pirebis Sesaxeb, ramac narkomaniis epidemiologiasa da epidzedamxedvelobas aucilebeli safuZveli Cauyara.

2. narkomaniis gavrcelebis epidemiologiuri kvleva, ramac narkostrategiis SemuSavebisaTvis niadagi moamzada.

3. uSualod profilaqtikuri muSaoba, romelic ZiriTadad saskolo doneze moqmedebda.

4. qveyanaSi narkotikebis bazris siaxleebis Sesabamisad narkologiuri Semowmebis meTodebis daxvewa, axali preparatebisa da nivTierebebis moxmarebis klinikuri da qimiur-toqsikologiuri Sedegebis dazusteba da Sesabamisi informaciis qselSi gavrceleba.

1997 wlidan 2005 wlis CaTvliT, aRwerili programa erTaderTi iyo narkologiis (da saerTod, narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcirebis) dargSi, romelic igegmeboda da finansdeboda saxelmwifos mier. 2.2.4. arasamTavrobo seqtoris mRvaweoba narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcirebaze mimarTuli saxelmwifo programebis deficits erTgvarad avsebs arasamTavrobo seqtori, romelic saerTaSoriso dafinansebiTa da meToduri daxmarebiT, 1996 wlidan muSaobs - regularulad axorcielebs Temsa da skolaze orientirebul mokrZalebuli masStabis3 prevenciul proeqtebs, xolo 1999 wlidan - zianis Semcirebis proeqtebsac. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi Svidi arasamTavrobo organizacia specializebulia wamaldamokidebulebis profilaqtikasa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri zianis Semcirebaze. 2.2.5. kanonmdeblobis ganviTareba 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi dasrulda narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli yvela saerTaSoriso kovenciis ratificireba; 1999

3 weliwadSi, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, 65 000 aSS dolaris odenobis biujeti; maqsimum 350 uSualo mosargeble.



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wels miRebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, xolo 2002 wlis 5 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb”, romelic ZalaSi 2003 wlis martSi Sevida. axali kanonmdeblobis ZiriTad principad SeiZleba CaiTvalos adamianis uflebebis gaTvaliswinebiT pirovnebis mier narkotikebis SeZenisa da moxmarebis maqsimaluri SezRudva da, amasTanave, wamaldamokidebuli adamianis avadmyofad aRiareba. axali kanoniT ganisazRvra saxelmwifo valdebulebebi narkomaniiT daavadebulTa mimarT. kanonis mixedviT, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos am kontingentis gamokvleva, eqspertiza, diagnostika, dispanserizacia, mkurnaloba da reabilitacia. Tumca, gamomdinare qveynis dRevandeli mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan, aRniSnuli daxmarebis ganxorcieleba saxelmwifoSi moqmedi programis farglebSi SeuZlebelia. dReisaTvis mkurnalobis arc erTi SemTxveva ar finansdeba saxelmwifos mier4. sxva strategiul siaxleebTan erTad, kanonma SemoiRo narkomaniiT daavadebulTa da narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebelTa aucilebeli da centralizebuli aRricxvis sistema; dauSva saqarTvelos teritoriaze CanacvlebiTi mkurnalobis danergva; misca narkologiur avadmyofebs ufleba, imkurnalon anonimurad; gansazRvra savaldebulo mkurnalobis zogadi principebi; SemoiRo narkotikuli danaSaulis gamo dakavebuli da sasjelmisjili pirebisaTvis savaldebulo mkurnaloba (dRes, samwuxarod, verc es sruldeba finansuri da instituciuri deficitis gamo). kanonis am debulebaTa Sesrulebis regulirebis mizniT, saWiro gaxda da daiwyo samuSaoebi Sesabamisi kanonqvemdebare aqtebis gamocemisa da qveyanaSi moqmed sisxlis samarTlisa da administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsebSi cvlilebebis Setanis mimarTulebiT. daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi `narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Sesruleba limitirebulia qveyanaSi arsebuli instituciuri da finansuri resursebiT.

4 qveyanaSi dReisaTvis mxolod 4 klinikaa, aqedan sami TbilisSi da erTi aWaraSi - baTumSi.



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2.3. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba

narkotikebis mowodebisa da narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcirebaze mimarTul saqmianobaSi qveyanasTan mWidrod TanamSromlobs saerTaSoriso seqtori. garda mTeli rigi mcire masStabis proeqtebisa, romelTac saerTaSoriso dafinansebiTa da meToduri daxmarebiT axorcieleben arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs ramdenime SedarebiT didi masStabis programa, romelTac saerTaSoriso fondebi uZRvebian da erToblivad axorcieleben adgilobrivi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. amJamad qveyanaSi mwvaved igrZnoba narkomaniis problemis daZlevis saqmeSi uwyeba-TaSorisi koordinaciis meqanzmebis awyobis saWiroeba. ramdenadac saxelmwifo doneze amgvari meqnizmi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs, saerTaSoriso seqtori cdilobs am deficitis Sevsebasac. qvemoT davaxasiaTebT am programebs: 1. samxreT kavkasiis antinarkotikuli programa saqarTveloSi 2001 wlidan xorcieldeba evrokavSiris iniciativiT da dafinansebiT, gaeros ganviTarebis programis mier. programis farglebSi erTdroulad mimdinareobs Semdegi proeqtebi: narkotikebis ukanono mimoqcevis problemis daZlevis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa; kontrolis gaZlierebis uzrunvelyofa saxmeleTo da sazRvao sazRvrebze da aeroportebSi; Sinagan saqmeTa saministros materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumjobeseba; narkomaniis prevencia arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa TanamSromlobis gaZlierebis gziT; narkotikebze sainformacio sistemis Seqmna. proeqtebis paralelurad, programa cdilobs sferoSi momuSave uwyebebis koordinacias. kerZod, samxreT kavkasiis anitinarkotikuli programis iniciativiT, 2002 wlidan amoqmedda informaciis sakoordinacio qseli, romelSic gaerTianebulni arian rogorc narkotikebis mowodebis Semcirebaze momuSave Zalovani struqturebi, aseve moTxovnis Semcirebaze momuSave organizaciebi (jandacvis seqtori da sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi). programis farglebSi Seqmnili informaciis sakoordinacio samsaxuri qselis wevrebisagan miRebuli informacias amuSavebs da regularulad gamoscems saqarTvelos narkoviTarebis wliur angariSs, romelic qveyanaSi narkostrategiis SemuSavebisaTvis aucilebeli dokumentia. 2004 wels sainformacio qseli saqarTvelos antinarkotikul koaliciad Camoyalibda. saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli koalicia aris uwyebaTa\organizaciaTa Tavisufali nebis principze damyarebuli araregistrirebuli gaerTianeba, romelic uwyebaTaSorisi TanamSromlobis safuZvelze miznad isaxavs da



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axorcielebs sazogadoebriv ZalTa mobilizacias narkotikebis avadmoxmarebis problemis dasaZlevad. 2. `sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi infeqciebis, aiv/Sidsis prevenciis proeqts~ saqarTveloSi 2002 wlidan axorcielebs saerTaSoriso organizacia - federacia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~, adgilobriv arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad. proeqtis mizania sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi infeqciebisa da adamianis imunodefi-citis virusis gavrcelebis masStabebis Semcireba. am infeqciebis gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, proeqti fokusirebulia maRali riskis jgufebTan muSaobaze (mdedrobiTi sqesis seqs-muSakebi da maTi klientebi; ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebi da maTi partniorebi; mamakacebi, romelTac sqesobrivi urTierToba aqvT mamakacebTan; ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi). proeqtis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia: samizne kontingentis raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi kvleva, samizne kontingentis maRali riskis qcevis Secvlaze mimarTuli intervenciebi (sainformacio da konsultaciuri uzrunvelyofa, savele samuSaoebi, TanasworTa ganaTleba da sxv.) da dargSi politikis SemuSavebaze zegavlena. 3. Sidsis, tuberkulozisa da malariis winaaRmdeg brZolis globaluri fondis proeqts `aiv/Sidsis, tuberkolozisa da malariis prevenciisa da kontrolis efeqturi ganxorcielebis mizniT arsebuli erovnuli reagirebis gaZliereba saqarTveloSi 2003-2007 wlebSi~, axorcielebs saqarTvelos janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis proeqtebis ganmaxorcielebeli centri 2003 wlidan. 2004 wels amoqmedda programis komponenti, mimarTuli narkotikebis ineqciur momxmareblebSi aiv\Sidsis prevenciaze. am komponents axorcielebs fondi `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelo~ narkologiis samecniero kvleviT institutTan TanamSromlobiT. komponenti gulisxmobs zianis Semcirebas metadoniT CanacvlebiTi Terapiis, Spricebis gacvla-darigebis programebis ganxor-cielebisa da ineqciur momxmarebelTa Sesabamisi ganaTlebis gziT; aseve, samizne kontingentis uzrunvelyofas nebayoflobiTi konsultirebiTa da testirebiT; dabolos - aiv infeqciis gavrcelebis prevencias sapatimro adgilebSi myof ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebSi. 4. narkotikebis arasamedicino moxmarebis Sedegad zianis Semcirebis programis iniciatori da xelmZRvanelia fondi `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelo~, kerZod, misi sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis programa. igi moqmedebs 1999 wlidan. programis farglebSi mimdinareobs muSaoba Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:



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Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis daxvewaSi wvlilis Setana; narkomaniis problemaze JurnalistTa informirebulobis donis amaRleba; samizne kontingentisaTvis Spricebis darigeba, maTi ganaTleba da konsultireba; CanacvlebiTi Terapiis danergvis xelSewyoba. 5. dublinis jgufis saqmianoba warmoadgens saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis magaliTs. e.w. `dublinis jgufi~ Seiqmna 1990 wels da aerTianebs aSS-s, kanadas, avstrias, iaponias da norvegias. dublinis jgufi warmoadgens araformalur sakoordinacio jgufs, romelic regularulad ikribeba sami mizniT: 1. narkotikebTan dakavSirebul saerTaSoriso problemebze (warmoeba, gadazidva, moxmareba) informaciis gacvla da analizi; 2. am problemebis daZlevaze mimarTuli reko-mendaciebis SemuSaveba rogorc wevri, aseve partniori qveynebisaTvis; 3. TanamSromlobis ganviTareba da ZalisxmevaTa koordinacia rogorc wevr qveynebs, aseve wevr da partnior qveynebs Soris. dublinis jgufi moqmedebs e.w. mini dublinis jgufebis meSveobiT. saqarTveloSi mini dublinis jgufis muSaobas uZRveba germaniis saelCo.



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3. strategiis msoflmxedvelobrivi platforma

3.1. filosofia da midgoma humanisturi fsiqologiis Tanaxmad, adamiani ganixileba, rogorc erTi mTliani, romelSic sxeuli, emociebi, azrebi da aRqma erTmaneTTan urTierTqmedebs da romelsac sakuTari Sinagani samyaro gaaCnia. es samyaro misTvis SeiZleba ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCndes, vidre obieqturi realoba. hedonizmis principis mimdevrebi amtkiceben, rom siamovneba - adamianebis qcevis wamyvani principia. epikuri, romelic Tvlida, rom siamovnebis miReba cxovrebis mizans warmoadgens, werda, rom "WeSmariti" siamovneba gulisxmobs naTel gonebas da mxolod mas SeuZlia WeSmariti siamovnebis miReba, vinc mzadaa, uari Tqvas wamier siamovnebaze ufro myari da saimedo dakmayofilebis misaRebad. fiziologiuri aucileblobiT ganpirobebuli adamianis mravali moTxovnileba (SimSili, wyurvili, Zilisa da sqesobrivi dakmayofilebis moTxovnileba) subieqturad aRiqmeba, rogorc survili da Tu didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar moxda maTi dakmayofileba, organizmi ganicdis avadmyofur daZabulobasa da diskomforts. roca es daZabuloba ixsneba, Sveba ganicdeba, rogorc siamovneba (anu dakmayofileba). dakmayofileba, romelsac adamiani grZnobs avadmyofuri daZabulobis moxsnis Semdeg, siamovnebis yvelaze martiv, primitiul da fsiqologiurad advilad miRwevad tips warmoadgens. dakmayofilebis meore tipi, romelic aseve daZabulobisagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg aRmocendeba, dakavSirebulia ara fiziologiur moTxovnilebebTan, aramed fsiqikurad ganpirobebul aucileblobasTan, moixsnas SfoTva, sulieri diskomforti (iracionaluri moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba).5 evoluciuri ganviTarebis procesSi Camoyalibda midgoma, rom siamovneba warmoadgens jildos qcevis iseTi formebisaTvis, romlebic sasargebloa individisaTvis da sazogadoebisaTvis. siamovnebis gancda dakavSirebulia kvebis, komfortis, silamazis, siyvarulis, usafrTxoebis, codnis, Semoqmedebis, garTobis, Sromis, dasvenebis, Tavisuflebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebasTan.

narkotikis moxmarebis dros, siamovnebis gancda xelovnurad, realuri safuZvlis gareSe aRmocendeba. am SemTxvevaSi sasiamovno gancdebi nervuli sistemis qimiuri stimulaciis gziT miiRweva da ara adamianis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis Sedegad.

5 Erich Fromm “Man for Himself. An inquiry into the psychology of Ethics”, 1969

narkotikebi warmoadgens bunebrivi siamovnebis saSiS surogatebs.



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normalur adamians axasiaTebs ganviTarebis, zrdisa da produqtiulobisaken swrafva. viqtor frankli werda, rom Tuki adamiani "adamianurad" cxovrobs (anu, axdens sakuTari pirovnebis realizacias), mogebuli rCeba TviTonac da sazogadoebac. sakuTari Zalebisa da unarebis arasakmarisi realizeba adamianebSi ubedurebis gancdas badebs, radgan mxolod sakuTari SesaZleblobebis produqtiuli gamoyenebis saSualebiT aRwevs adamiani harmonias sakuTar TavTan da garemosTan. Tuki individi amas ver axerxebs, igi iZabeba, survili uCndeba, gaeqces sakuTar Tavs, mowyenilobasa da uZlurebis grZnobas.

adamianebs, romlebsac uWirT garemosTan an sirTuleebTan Segueba, euflebaT SiSi arsebuli sinamdvilis winaSe. swored es SiSi badebs sxva realobaSi gaqcevis survils.

sinamdvileSi, adamiani damokidebuli xdeba ara abze, fxvnilze an siTxeze, aramed am nivTierebebis organizmze zemoqmedebis efeqtze, anu nivTierebiT miRweul fsiqikur mdgomareobaze - SiSisa da daurwmuneblobisagan droebiTi gaTavisuflebis grZnobaze.

Tuki Secdomis sapasuxod an sakuTari amaoebis gancdis dros adamiani ar iTrguneba, maSin mas araviTari stimuli ara aqvs imisaTvis, rom Seicvalos, ar arsebobs mizezi sulieri ZalisxmevisaTvis. sulieri tkivilis gancdis gareSe pirovneba ver gaizrdeba. narkotikze damokidebuleba aris adamianis mcdeloba, sakuTar Tavs nebismieri gansacdeli da satkivari aacilos. aseTi mcdeloba sxva arafriT damTavrdeba, Tu ara sulis "inflaciiTa" da sikvdiliT. narkotikebi warmoadgens virtualuri civilizaciis saqonels, wamals sindisis winaaRmdeg. " virtualuri adamiani" - es aris gancdisagan, anu sakuTari Tavisagan Tavisufali adamiani.6

kacobrioba zneobriv normebs saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi xvewda. nebismieri norma Tavisuflebis SezRudvad aRiqmeba, magram zneobrivi normebi adamianebis usafrTxo da swori qcevis sivrces gansazRvraven. adamiani TviTon irCevs sakuTari qcevis strategiasa da taqtikas. Rirebulebebisa da zneobrivi normebis arCevasa da maTi realizebisken miswrafebaSi individi absoluturad Tavisufalia, magram Tavisufleba ar aris gaigivebuli arc yovlisSemZleobasTan da arc sakuTari TavisaTvis yvelafris uflebis micemasTan (pirovnebas ara aqvs ufleba, SeiWras sxva pirovnebis Tavisuflebis velSi).

6 Алексей Данилин, «Галлюциногены, психоделия и феномен зависимости», 2003

nebismieri narkotiki SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc SiSisa da daurwmuneblobis sawinaaRmdego universaluri saSualeba.



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morali da cxovrebis wesi pirovnebis erT mniSvnelovan Tvisebas - konstruqciulobas ayalibebs. narkomanis pirovneba kargavs konstruqciulobasa da simtkices; cxovreba umizno xdeba, momavlis perspeqtiva qreba, interesebis sfero viwrovdeba - yvelafers amas narkotiki gamodevnis. narkomania - es aris garesamyarosTan urTierTobis erTgvari forma, rodesac narkotikTan SedarebiT sxva yvelafris mniSvneloba usasrulod mcirea.

narkotikebi adamianebis nebis daTrgunvisa da maTi marTvis saSualebas warmoadgens. oldos haqsli, Tavis romanSi "o, saocari axali samyaro", werda: "is, rom diqtators SeeZlo, Tuki moindomebda, am narkotikebis politikuri miznebiT gamoyeneba, araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs. mas SeeZlo, sakuTari Tavi daecva politikuri mRelvarebisagan Tavisi subieqtebis tvinis qimiis SecvliT da am fonze maTTvis monuri pirobebis SeTavazebiT. agznebulTa dasamSvideblad mas trankvilizatorebis gamoyeneba SeeZlo, stimulatorebis saSualebiT indiferetul adamianebSi enTuziazmis gamowvevas SeZlebda, xolo halucinogenebis daxmarebiT yuradRebas gadaataninebda sakuTari problemebisagan. magram rogor aiZulos diqtatorma Tavisi qveSevrdomebi, miiRon abebi, romlebic aiZulebs maT, ifiqron, igrZnon da imoqmedon ise, rogorc mas moundeba? albaT, sakmarisi iqneba mxolod is, rom es abebi xelmisawvdomi gaxdes. . . " 7

sazogadoeba pirovnebis antisocialur survilebs Trgunavs pirdapiri akrZalviT, aRzrdiTa da sxva saSualebebiT. daTrgunuli survilebi, Tavis mxriv, iwveven daZabulobas, SfoTvas, braleulobis gancdas. daZabulobis moxsnis zogierTi xerxi legaluria, sazogadoebis mier nebadarTuli, rameTu saSiSroebas ar warmoadgens sociumisaTvis. mag., cekvebis saSualebiT sustdeba seqsualuri akrZalvebi, sporti akmayofilebs agresiisaken swrafvas, koleqcioneroba akmayofilebs flobis moTxovnilebas, Teatri sxva samyaroSi droebiTi cxovrebis saSualebas iZleva da a.S. magram daZabulobas yvelaze metad amcirebs sakuTari cnobierebis Sesustebuli "marTlmsajuleba". narkotikebi aqveiTeben TviTkontrols, xels uwyoben moSvebas, modunebas, umoqmedobas. problemis saTave imaSia, Tu ramdenad srulad aris pirovneba organizebuli, ramdenad warmatebiT egueba igi sazogadoebis moTxovnebs da ramdenad Seswevs unari, gamoiyenos sazogadoebis mier nebadarTuli daZabulobis moxsnis xerxebi. kargad integrirebuli pirovneba warmatebiT arTmevs Tavs gareSe da Sinagan stress da am procesSi iyenebs socialurad misaReb gzebs; cudad organizebuli pirovneba, romelic stress advilad gamohyavs wonasworobidan, Znelad aRidgens am wonasworobas da rTul situaciebSi mas sWirdeba mdgomareobis xelovnuri gziT Semsubuqeba. rac metia dezorganizacia, miT metia

7 Алексей Данилин, «Галлюциногены, психоделия и феномен зависимости», 2003



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Semsubuqebisa da Sesustebis moTxovnileba, realobisagan gaqcevis survili.

realobisagan gansvlis mizniT, aseTi adamianebi cdiloben, xelovnuri gziT Secvalon TavianTi fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, rac maT usafrTxoebis, Sinagani wonasworobis aRdgenis iluzias uqmnis. es gaxlavT destruqciuli qceva. fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Secvla xdeba qimiuri nivTierebis miRebiT an garkveul saqmianobaze yuradRebis mudmivi gadataniT, rasac Tan axlavs intensiuri emociuri reaqcia.

fsiqologiuri komfortis aRdgenis es saSualeba problemis gadaWris iluzias qmnis da sasiamovno emociebs badebs. realobasTan "brZolis" aseTi meTodi TandaTan fiqsirdeba adamianis qcevaSi da arsebul sinamdvilesTan urTierTqmedebis myar strategiad yalibdeba. rodesac raime nivTiereba an qceva adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens, adamiani kargavs Tavisuflebas da damokidebuli xdeba siamovnebis momtan saSualebaze. damokidebuleba aris realobisagan gaqcevasa da siamovnebis miRwevis saSualebebze mudmivi fiqris mdgomareoba, rasac adamianis droisa da energiis udidesi nawili miaqvs. aseTi individebis SigniT meore, "damokidebuli pirovneba" cxovrobs, romelsac Tavisi sakuTari logika, emociebi, Rirebulebebi da fsiqologiuri dacvis sistema gaaCnia. realobidan gansvla Zlier emociur gancdebTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tuki adamiani erTxel wamoego "emociur satyuaras", mere misi marTva Zalian advili xdeba. narkomani, faqtiurad, damokidebulia ara preparatze, aramed emociaze. wamaldamokidebuli pirovnebisaTvis narkotiki "qimiur yavarjens" warmoadgens, romelic exmareba stresTan gamklavebaSi, sTavazobs mas alternatiul realobas, magram rodesac adamiani irCevs daZabulobis moxsnis aseT gzas, situacia SeiZleba ukontrolo gaxdes: dasawyisSi simSvidisa da dakmayofilebis momtani Segnebuli qmedeba droTa ganmavlobaSi dauZlevel moTxovnilebad iqceva da narkotikis moxmareba grZeldeba, miuxedavad masTan dakavSirebuli fizikuri, socialuri, emociuri da samarTlebrivi problemebisa. narkotikebis moxmareba ramdenime moTxovnilebas akmayofilebs erTdroulad - iwvevs gancxromis gancdas, aTavisuflebs adamians mudmivi SfoTvisagan, akmayofilebs misi destruqciis moTxovnilebebs. narkotikuli Trobis mdgomareoba TavisTavad da narkomania, rogorc paTologiuri procesi, sikvdilTan wilnaziarevi movlenaa. pirvel SemTxvevaSi adamiani droebiT wyvets kavSirs mis amqveyniur av-kargTan, xolo daavadebis SemTxvevaSi es procesi met-naklebi intensivobiT xangrZlivad mimdinareobs da mudmivi intoqsikaciis gamo naadrevi sikvdiliT mTavrdeba;



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yvelaze uwyinari narkomani, maSinac ki, Tu mas moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad movamaragebT narkotikiT, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebisaTvis parazitul wevrad yalibdeba, romelic avadmyofuri siamovnebis dakmayofilebasTan erTad moiTxovs socialur zrunvas, risTvisac xarjebi janmrTelma sazogadoebis wevrebma unda gaiRon. uares SemTxvevaSi ki, rasac Cveulebrivad vxvdebiT cxovrebaSi, adgili aqvs ojaxis ngrevas, desocializacias.8 narkomaniis samyaro, es aris samyaro uimedobis da uperspeqtivobis, samyaro, romelic moklebulia Rirebulebebs da adamianur Rirsebebs, samyaro, sadac adamianebi erTmaneTs Telaven, xolo adamianuri mimarTebebi dafuZnebulia eqsploataciaze, samyaro, sadac iqmneba xanmokle aliansebi da aramyari urTierTobani. aseT samyaroSi narkotikebi qmnian Tavisuflebisa da sinamdvilisagan gaqcevis iluzias. magram TviT es samyaro iluziidan Sors aris. es aris tragikulad realuri samyaro.9 pirovnebis xasiaTi (xasiaTobrivi Tvisebebi) gansazRvravs individis qcevas. amave dros, xasiaTi warmoadgens adamianis sazogadoebasTan Seguebis safuZvels. bavSvis xasiaTi formirdeba mSoblebis zegavleniT. Tavis mxriv, mSoblebis mier arCeul aRzrdis meTodebs sazogadoebis socialuri struqtura da kultura ganapirobebs. "saSualo ojaxi" sazogadoebis erTgvar "fsiqologiur Suamavals" warmoadgens, amitom, ojaxTan adaptaciis procesSi bavSvs uyalibdeba xasiaTi, romelic momavalSi misi sazogadoebasTan adaptaciisa da sxvadasxva socialuri problemis gadawyvetis safuZveli gaxdeba. bavSvs uyalibdeba iseTi xasiaTi, romlis ZiriTadi xazebi mas imave socialuri fenis, klasis an kulturis warmomadgenlebTan aaxlovebs da misTvis sasurvelia is qmedebebi, romlebsac misgan moiTxoven. is faqti, rom socialuri klasis an kulturis warmomadgenelTa umravlesoba iziarebs xasiaTis arsebiT niSnebs, da, amas garda, arsebobs tipiuri, e.w. "socialuri xasiaTi", imaze metyvelebs, rom socialuri da kulturuli modelebi zegavlenas axdens individis xasiaTis formirebaze. Cvevebi, romlebic ar aris xasiaTSi fesvgadgmuli da kulturul modelebTan individualuri Seguebis procesSi Cndeba, SeiZleba advilad Seicvalos axali socialuri modelebis zegavleniT.

narkomania SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc sazogadoebisaTvis arasasurveli movlena - socialuri deviacia. narkomaniis gavrceleba, rogorc socialuri movlena, xasiaTdeba iseTi maCveneblebiT, rogoricaa narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba, moxmarebis struqtura da xerxebi, momxmarebelTa

8 gela leJava. "narkomania, fenomenis analizi". 2003 9 manana barkalaia "narkomaniis fsiqo-socialuri faqtorebi". 1989



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socialur-demografiuli maxasiaTeblebi, socialuri kontrolis formebi da ama-Tu-im narkotikis moda.

narkomania TiTqos gamZleobaze gamocdas uwyobs mTel sazogadoebas: rogoria aRzrdis xarisxi; sazogadoebrivi zneobisa da socialuri samarTlianobis done; sazogadoebis unari, realizebuli gaxados pirovneba, mougvaros socialuri problemebi da a.S. rac ufro meti problemaa sazogadoebaSi, miT ufro noyieri niadagi eqmneba narkomaniis gavrcelebas.

nebismieri sazogadoeba cdilobs, iseTnairad moaxdinos Tavisi wevrebis xasiaTis struqturis formireba, rom sakuTari socialuri funqciebis gansaxorcieleblad moundeT imis gakeTeba, rasac unda akeTebdnen.10 sazogadoebaSi narkotikebis gavrcelebas Tavad sazogadoeba unda SeebrZolos. aucilebelia sazogadoebis zneobrivi potencialis gamoyeneba problemaze socialuri kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad. socialuri kontrolis obieqtebs warmoadgens, erTis mxriv, mosaxleoba da misi janmrTeloba, xolo, meores mxriv, narkotikebis aralegaluri bazari, anu narkobiznesi. kontrolis subieqti ki aris saxelmwifo, specializebuli institutebis (janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis, saganmanaTleblo struqturebi, samarTaldamcavi organoebi da sxv.) saxiT.

narkotikebTan da narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli strategia efuZneba 2 ZiriTad daSvebas:

1. narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas (socialuri da kriminologiuri argumenti);

2. narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis janmrTelobas (samedicino argumenti).11

sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia narkotikebis mowodebis Semcirebaze, gamoixateba represiuli RonisZiebebiT, xorcieldeba samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier, xolo sazogadoebrivi jandacvis politika xorcieldeba samedicino, socialuri, kulturis, ganaTlebis sistemebisa da mediis mier da gamomdinareobs im daSvebidan, rom sazogadoebis

10 Erich Fromm “Man for Himself. An inquiry into the psychology of Ethics”, 1969 11 Дмитрий Суворов, Теории и системы противодействия распространению наркомании и контродя за наркотическими средствами

am ori argumentis Sesabamisad, arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika da sazogadoebrivi jandacvis politika.



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yvela struqturuli elementis saboloo misias mTlianad sazogadoebis keTildReoba warmoadgens. rogorc vxedavT, narkomaniis problemis mogvarebaSi CarTul sxvadasxva uwyebebs Soris politikuri funqciebis aseTi gadanawileba srulad Seesatyviseba kompetenciebis sferoebis gayofas am fenomenis "iuridiul" da "samedicino-socialur" frTebs Soris. Tumca, kompetenciebis sferoebis gayofa sulac ar gamoricxavs maT koordinirebul moqmedebas. ufro metic, gaeros generaluri asambleis me-20 specialuri sesiis deklaraciaSi aRiniSna, rom sasurveli Sedegi da "erToblivi pasuxismgebloba uzrunvelyofili iqneba mxolod dabalansebuli midgomiT. - narkotikebze moTxovnilebas unda mieqces iseTive yuradReba, rogorc miwodebas, rac gulisxmobs profilaqtikuri da samarTaldamcavi sistemebis dabalansebul moqmedebas".

amas garda, narkotikebis problema unda gadaiWras adamianis usafrTxoebisa da ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofis ufro farTo konteqstSi.12 "adamianis usafrTxoeba - es aris adamianis fizikuri daculoba, misi dacva fizikuri da fsiqikuri Zaladobisagan, zrunva mis janmrTelobaze - kerZod, narkotikebi SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnas, rogor adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis safrTxis Semcveli. adamianTa usafrTxoebis SenarCuneba da uzrunvelyofa niSnavs sazogadoebis dacvas terorizmisagan, narkotikebiT vaWrobisa da narkotikebis moxmarebisagan, banditizmisa da adamianebis gatacebisagan da yovelive imisagan, rac Cveni moqalaqeebis keTildReobasa da janmrTelobas emuqreba".13 winamdebare strategia dafuZnebulia Semdeg ZiriTad postulatebze: a. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmareba destruqciul zegavlenas axdens Tavad momxmarebelze da mTlianad sazogadoebaze nebismieri aqtivoba, romelic adamianis TviTkontrolis unars aqveiTebs, potenciurad saSiSia rogorc TviT am adamianisaTvis,

12 World Drug Report 2004, UNDCP 13 World Drug Report 2000, UNDCP

efeqtur saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv kontrols narkomaniaze mxolod kompleqsuri, Tanmimdevruli da dabalansebuli antinarkotikuli politika daamyarebs.



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aseve sazogadoebisaTvis. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi, romlebic TviTkontrols asustebs rogorc intoqsikaciis (mwvave efeqtebi), aseve wamaldamokidebulebis (qronikuli efeqtebi) SemTxvevaSi, safrTxes warmoadgens am pirovnebisaTvis da sazogadoebisaTvis. amas garda, miuxedavad gansxvavebebisa, fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebs erTi ram aerTianebs: yvela maTgani uaryofiTad moqmedebs momxmareblis fizikur da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze, Sesabamisad, maTi moxmareba sxvadasxva xarisxis riskTan aris dakavSirebuli. b. wamaldamokidebulebis formirebas mravali faqtori ganapirobebs damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis procesis axsnas mravali samecniero TeoriiT Tu modeliT cdilobdnen - socialuri, siRrmiseul-fsiqologiuri, anTropologiuri, biologiuri da sxva. sxvadasxva modelebis kritikulma Sefasebam mkvlevarebi sinTez-modelamde miiyvana, romelic aRiarebs wamaldamokidebulebis multifaqtorul warmoSobas. am modelis mixedviT, damokidebulebis gamomwvev mizezebSi igulisxmeba im pirovnuli, narkotikTan dakavSirebuli da socialur-kulturuli faqtorebis kompleqsi, romlebic intensiurad urTierTqmedeben erTmaneTTan. sqematurad aseTi ganpirobebuloba aRiniSneba Semdegi faqtorebis urTierTkavSiriT: pirovneba - narkotiki - garemo. aqedan gamomdinare, narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi izolirebulad ar Cndeba da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli socialuri problemebis gamoZaxilia. g. narkotikebis moxmarebis masStabebi dakavSirebulia maT xelmisawvdomobasTan rac ufro xelmisawvdomia narkotikebi, miT meti adamiani moixmars maT, miT meti raodenobiT moixmars maT narkotikebis momxmareblebi da miT metia im momxmarebelTa raodenoba, visac problemebi uCndeba narkotikebis gamo. Sesabamisad, samarTlebrivi kontroli narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobaze (romelic Seicavs, magram ar Semoifargleba mxolod akrZalviT) maTi moxmarebisa da am moxmarebiT gamowveuli problemebis Semcirebisa da axalgazrdobis mier narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis Sekavebis efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens. d. samarTlebrivi kontroli: saWiroa swori balansis moZebna aralegalur narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis regulireba unda xdebodes kontrolis iseTi meqanizmebis meSveobiT,



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romlebic xels Seuwyobs rogorc mowodebis, aseve narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcirebas. narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba gamoiwvevs:

1. narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis Semcirebas; 2. narkotikebis avadmoxmarebis Semcirebas; 3. narkomaniiT daavadebul pirTa ricxvis Semcirebas; 4. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianobis

Semcirebas; 5. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebebis

Semcirebas; 6. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze

finansuri da socialuri danaxarjebis Semcirebas; 7. narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli

zianis Semcirebas. amJamad, rodesac narkomania saqarTveloSi xasiaTdeba mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT da damcavi barierebi arasakmarisad efeqturia, saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategia ar iziarebs liberalizaciisa da narkotikebis legalizaciis ideas, radgan narkotikebis legalizeba ver Secvlis im faqts, rom narkotikebi adamianebis janmrTelobasa da keTildReobaze uaryofiTad moqmedebs. meores mxriv, liberalizacia gamoiwvevs moxmarebis zrdas da, Sesabamisad, gamoiwvevs problemis gaRrmavebas. Tumca, SesaZlebelia arsebul kanonmdeblobaSi iseTi cvlilebebis Setana, romlebic ufro daxvewils gaxdis mas narkotikebis moxmareblebTan mimarTebaSi. e. wamaldamokidebuleba sazogadoebrivi jandacvis problemaa narkotikze miCveva da damokidebuleba, pirvel rigSi, sazogadoebrivi jandacvis problemaa, warmoadgens janmrTelobis zogadi politikis nawils da mimarTulia narkomaniis prevenciaze, narkomanTa mkurnalobaze, reabilitaciaze da narkotikis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebebisa da problemebis prevenciaze (zianis Semcireba).



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3.2. sabazo Rirebulebebi da principebi narkotikebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebiT gamowveuli problemebi sazogadoebas Zalian Zviri ujdeba: avadmyofoba, ubeduri SemTxvevebi, travmatizmi, kriminaluri qmedebebi, korufcia, ojaxuri da sxva urTierTobebis ngreva, pirovnebis produqtiulobis daqveiTeba, Rirsebisa da pirovnuli Tavisuflebis dakargva, gaRaribeba da sxva. axalgazrdebis mier narkotikebis moxmareba kidev ufro seriozul uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs. narkomania azianebs yvelaze ufro Sromisunarian asaks, safrTxes uqmnis qveynis mSeneblobis iseT strategiul mimarTulebebs, rogoricaa Tavdacvisunarianoba da uSiSroeba. saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, "yvela adamiani dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia, yvelas aqvs sakuTari pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis ufleba, adamianis pativi da Rirseba xelSeuvalia".14 saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs jansaRi, Rirseuli da produqtiuli cxovrebis ufleba, rac imasac gulisxmobs, rom daculi iyos narkotikebis moxmarebis uaryofiTi Sedegebisagan. saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategia unda emyarebodes Semdeg ZiriTad Rirebulebebs:

pirovnebis harmoniuli ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; pirovnebis usafrTxoebis dacva; adamianis Rirsebis pativiscema; sazogadoebis ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; adamianis uflebebis dacva; ojaxis usafrTxoebis dacva; bavSvTa uflebebis dacva

am TvalsazrisiT, dRes mozardi Taoba yvelaze daucvelia, gansakuTrebiT, informirebulobis mxriv. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, "monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela aucilebel zomas, sakanonmdeblo, administraciuli da socialuri zomebis CaTvliT, agreTve RonisZiebebs ganaTlebis sferoSi, raTa daicvan bavSvebi Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT gansazRvruli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono xmarebisagan." (mocemuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis yoveli adamiani) saqarTvelom aRniSnuli konvenciis ratificireba 1994 wlis 21 aprils moaxdina, riTac aiRo valdebuleba, Seesrulebina konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebi. aqedan gamomdinare, narkomaniis prevenciisadmi koncepciuri, sistemuri midgomis gamomuSaveba erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens.

14 saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tavi 2, saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisuflebani.



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ojaxis Tundac erTi wevris mier narkotikebis moxmareba seriozul uaryofiT gavlenas axdens mTels ojaxze: iwvevs fsiqologiur, samedicino, materialur problemebs, ojaxuri urTierTobebisa da tradiciebis ngrevas, fizikur, emociur da seqsualur Zaladobas, socialur izolacias. gansakuTrebiT cudad aisaxeba yovelive es bavSvebis fsiqikur da fizikur janmrTelobaze - bavSvebis moTxovnilebebi ugulvebelyofilia, ar arsebobs mSoblebTan srulyofili kontaqti, radgan mSoblebi bavSvebisaTvis Znelad misawvdomia. yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba, gaizardos usafrTxo da mzrunvel garemoSi. aseTi ojaxebi saxelmwifos mxridan yuradRebasa da mxardaWeras saWiroeben.

rodesac saubaria narkotikebis momxmareblis uflebebsa da misi arCevanis Tavisuflebaze, moixmaros Tu ara narkotiki, unda aRiniSnos, rom sazogadoeba narkotikebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebas miuReblad miiCnevs. amitom, iseTi piradi arCevani, romelic aSkara winaaRmdegobaSi modis sxva adamianis an mTlianad sazogadoebis interesebTan da uflebebis dacvasTan, sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos mxridan waxalisebuli ver iqneba. piradi arCevanis Tavisufleba pasuxismgeblobasac gulisxmobs da am arCevanis safasurad sxvebis arCevani an uflebebi ar unda SeizRudos. 3.2.1. strategiis fuZemdebluri principebi: 1. kompleqsuri da dabalansebuli midgoma - wamaldamokidebulebis gavrcelebis mizezebi mravalgvaria da iTvaliswinebs socialuri, ekonomikuri, ojaxuri, fsiqologiuri, kulturuli da sxva faqtorebis rols am fenomenis ganviTarebaSi. Sesabamisad, am problemis mogvareba kompleqsur midgomas moiTxovs, sadac strategiis TiToeul prioritetul mimarTulebas Tanabari mniSvneloba eniWeba. narkotikebis miwodebisa da maTze moTxovnilebis Semcireba Tanabrad mniSvnelovani da urTierTdakavSirebuli strategiebia. 2. racionaluri politikis Seqmnis safuZvels kvleva warmoadgens - erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo narkopolitikis nebismieri cvlileba unda emyarebodes mecnierul mtkicebulebebs da, meores mxriv, politikis nebismieri cvlilebis efeqti aseve samecniero kvlevis Sedegad unda Sefasdes. 3. partnioroba da erToblivi moqmedeba - sistemuri midgoma pirovnebas, Tems da mTlianad sazogadoebas ganixilavs, rogorc urTierTdakavSirebul nawilebs, romlebic erTmaneTze zemoqmedeben da erTad muSaoben. aseTi midgomiT, narkostrategiebi unda moicavdes am problemis mogvarebaSi CarTul yvela instituciasa da organizacias. lokalur, nacionalur da saerTaSoriso doneze erToblivi



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koordinirebuli moqmedeba mkveTrad gazrdis ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis efeqturobas. 4. sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia - saqmianoba, romelic mimarTulia sazogadoebis informirebasa da ganaTlebaze. sazogadoebas mudmivad unda miewodebodes mkafio da obieqturi informacia, romelic xels Seuwyobs narkomaniis problemis mimarT adekvaturi damokidebulebis formirebas. 5. grZelvadiani dagegmva - dasavleTis qveynebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom mxolod grZelvadiani strategiebi da uwyveti intervencia iZleva problemis regulirebis saSualebas.



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4. strategiis mizani da amocanebi

4.1. ZiriTadi mizani

saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategiis ZiriTadi mizania saqarTveloSi narkotikebis ukanono brunvis, narkomaniis gavrcelebisa da misgan gamowveuli saziano Sedegebis Semcireba.

4.2. strategiuli amocanebi

1. narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebis SezRudvis dasaxva

qveynis xelisuflebis erT-erT ZiriTad prioritetul mimarTulebad;

2. narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebis SezRudvisaTvis

sazogadoebis aqtivobis gazrda (mobilizeba); 3. qveynis mosaxleobaSi narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebis

Semcireba;

4. mozardebsa da axalgazrdebSi narkotikebis moxmarebis prevencia;

5. Zalovani struqturebis mizandasaxuli moqmedebis gaaqtiureba

narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesamcireblad;

6. narkotikebze damokidebul pirTa mkurnalobis, samedicino da socialuri reabilitaciis, sazogadoebaSi reintegraciis efeqturi sistemebis amoqmedeba;

7. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis

(aiv/Sidsi, hepatitebi, sikvdilianoba da sxv.) da socialuri zianis Semcireba;

8. narkotikebis mowodebis, moTxovnis da narkotikebis moxmarebis Sedegebis erTiani monitoringis sistemis daxvewa, ganviTareba, institucionalizacia da efeqturi funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofa;



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9. narkotikebis moxmarebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa da misi SesabamisobaSi moyvana qveyanaSi arsebul moTxovnebTan da saWiroebebTan;

10. narkotikebis mowodebisa da moTxovnis SezRudvis sakiTxebze momuSave sxvadasxva organizaciebis materialur-teqnikuri resursebiT da profesiuli kadrebiT uzrunvelyofis xelSewyoba;

11. narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebaTa koordinirebis donis amaRleba nacionalur da saerTaSoriso doneze;

12. narkotikebisagan Tavisufali cxovrebis xelSewyoba.



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5. strategiis samoqmedo areali

5.1. ZiriTadi samizne jgufebi (strategiis obieqtebi)

5.1.1. bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi

zrunva cxovrebis jansaRi wesis dasamkvidreblad unda daiwyos rac SeiZleba adre, radgan janmrTelobisaTvis saziano cxovrebis stilis fesvebi bavSvobaSi da, gansakuTrebiT, mozardobis periodSi unda veZeboT. bavSvis ganviTarebis adreuli wlebi safuZvels uyris momavalSi misi Camoyalibebisa da qcevis maxasiaTeblebs. am etapze mniSvnelovania swori kveba, jansaRi garemo, metyvelebiTi, motoruli da prosocialuri unarebis ganviTareba, siTbo da mzrunveloba ufrosebis mxridan. skolamdeli asakis bavSvs sWirdeba sakuTar TavSi darwmunebulobis, arCevanis gakeTebis, komunikaciuri unarebis ganviTareba, kooperaciuli TamaSisa da swavlis gamocdileba, usafrTxo garemo. dawyebiTi sakolo asaki is periodia, roca radikalurad icvleba bavSvis cxovrebis stili - mas uCndeba valdebulebebi. am asakis bavSvi swavlobs emociebis marTvas, sakuTar qcevaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebas, problemebis gadaWras. sxvadasxva sferoSi bavSvis kompetenciis ganviTarebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad viTardeba �me�- s gancda. am dros aucilebelia bavSvis pirovnuli da socialuri zrdis xelSewyoba. mozardobis periodSi axalgazrdis winaSe uamravi problema da amocana dgas, gacilebiT meti, vidre Semdgomi cxovrebis nebismier sxva periodSi: man unda moipovos aRiareba Tavis asakobriv jgufSi, iswavlos partnioruli urTierTobebi, daiwyos seqsualuri cxovreba, airCios profesia; am dros yalibdeba RirebulebaTa sistema, viTardeba TviTSemecneba. narkotikisadmi interesis aRmoceneba:

1. 8-11 weli - am asakis bavSvebisaTvis narkotiki idumalebiT moculi, ucnobi da akrZaluli samyaroa, da rogorc yvelaferi idumali, ucnobi da akrZaluli, es samyaroc gansakuTrebul cnobismoyvareobas da interess iwvevs; narkotikebis Sesaxeb yurmokruli, nawyvet-nawyveti informacia gaaCniaT; gasinjuli aqvs erTeulebs. maT garemocvaSi narkotikis moxmareba ar aris miRebuli. aqtiuri moxmareba yvelaze xSirad inhalantebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

2. 11-14 weli - am asakobriv jgufSi narkotikebis Sesaxeb sakmaod bevri ician, Tumca, informacia calmxrivia da yuradReba ZiriTadad narkotikis mimzidvel mxareze maxvildeba. informaciis ZiriTad wyaros nacnobebi warmoadgenen.



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narkotikebis mimarT ganwyoba ufro pozitiuria, romelsac Tan axlavs garkveuli "momxiblvelobis Saravandedi". narkotikebis moxmarebis safrTxe saTanadod ar fasdeba. problemaze mxolod erTmaneTSi saubroben. aqtiurad ganixileba e.w. "msubuqi" narkotikebis moxmarebis SesaZlebloba. am asakSi ufro xelmisawvdomi sayofacxovrebo qimiis nawarmi da medikamentebia (benzini, webo, acetoni, damamSvidebeli abebi), da, amave dros, gavrcelebulia mcdari mosazreba, rom es saSualebebi SedarebiT usafrTxoa. swored am saSualebebiT eziarebian xolme fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebas.

3. 14-17 weli - yvelaze kritikuli asakia nebismieri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebiT eqsperimentirebis dawyebis TvalsazrisiT. am periods xSirad damoukideblobis asaks uwodeben, narkotikTan nacnoboba ufro xSirad xdeba ufrosebis TvalTaxedvidan moSorebul adgilas - diskoTekaze, axalgazrdul wveulebaze, sadme "miyuCebul adgilas". umravlesoba ukve sakuTar Tavze scdis narkotikis efeqtebs. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis zemoqmedebisa da moxmarebis riskis Sesaxeb informaciis gafarToebis kvaldakval, yalibdeba garkveuli pozicia narkotikebis moxmarebis mimarT. cnobilia, rom specifikuri garemoebebis zegavleniT nebismieri adamiani SeiZleba gaxdes raime saSualebaze an qmedebaze damokidebuli. narkotikebisadmi ltolvis aRmocenebis mizezebi mravalgvaria. gardatexis periodSi aseT mizezebs miekuTvneba: didobisa da ufrosebis kontrolisagan gaTavisuflebis survili; amave dros, saxezea mozardis emociuri moumwifebloba, sakuTar TavSi daurwmunebloba, sakuTari qcevis gakontrolebis arasakmarisi unari, aramyari da zogjer araswori faseulobaTa sistema, Tanatolebis zegavlena, pronarkotikuli ganwyoba mikrosocialur garemoSi, narkotikebis xelmisawvdomoba, adekvaturi informaciis nakleboba, cxovrebiseuli an yofiTi problemebi da sxv. amas emateba cnobismoyvareoba da uCveulo SegrZnebebis gancdis survili. mozardobis periodis krizisi narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis mniSvnelovan risk-faqtors warmoadgens.

ufrosebma mozards ganviTarebis pirobebi unda Seuqmnan da es unda gakeTdes didi sifrTxiliTa da mzrunvelobiT - pativi scen mozardis Rirsebas, daexmaron mas swori TviTSefasebisa da faseulobebis CamoyalibebaSi da saWiroebis dros miscen sasargeblo rCevebi. yvelaferi es xels uwyobs mozardis pirovnul da socialur momwifebas.

SeuZlebelia narkotikebisagan mozardebis sruli izolireba, magram SesaZlebelia, vaswavloT maT narkotikebis gaazrebuli uaryofa.



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antinarkotikul strategiaSi aucileblad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli is bavSvebi da mozardebi, romelTac ukve aqvT narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi an am TvalsazrisiT maRali riskis jgufs warmoadgenen. esenia:

mozardebi, romlebic xSirad acdenen skolas an garicxulni arian skolidan;

usaxlkaro/quCis bavSvebi da mozardebi; SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis zonebSi an postkonfliqtur

situaciebSi myofi bavSvebi; axalgazrda samarTaldamrRvevebi.

mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom Zalian Znelia im problemebisa da riskebis Sefaseba, romlebsac es bavSvebi da mozardebi awydebian. aucilebelia aseTi kontigentisaTvis mxardaWerisa da mkurnalobis specifikuri meTodebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba.

5.1.2. zrdasruli mosaxleoba

saqarTvelos istoriuli ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapi xasiaTdeba, erTis mxriv, iseTi pozitiuri movlenebiT, rogoricaa Tavisuflebis aRdgena, demokratiis mSenebloba, qarTuli erovnuli mentalitetis dabruneba, pirovnebis mier sakuTari uflebebis, Tavisuflebis, religiuri mrwamsis mopoveba. meores mxriv, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi esoden radikaluri da swrafi cvlilebebi, maTi dadebiTi strategiuli mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, adamianebis umravlesobaze moqmedebs, rogorc stresuli faqtori, rac, bunebrivia, maT fsiqologiur mdgomareobazec aisaxa. swrafad icvleba Cveuli garemo da formirdeba axali viTareba, rac egzistencialur problemebs badebs. emociuri stabilurobis darRveva iwvevs momatebul SfoTvas da usafrTxoebis grZnobis dakargvas. sxeulis sijansaReze zrunvas naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. ekonomikuri problemebis Sedegad mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili arasrulfasovnad ikvebeba da mZime sayofacxovrebo pirobebi aqvs; Cveni mosaxleobis didi nawili distresisa da avadmyofobis simptomebs naklebad aqcevs yuradRebas manam, sanam janmrTelobis seriozuli problemebi ar gauCndeba. yovelive aman xeli Seuwyo janmrTelobisaTvis araxelsayreli garemos Camoyalibebas. janmrTelobisadmi daudevari midgoma arTulebs cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidrebas. sazogadoebaSi unda ganmtkicdes azri, rom sakuTari janmrTeloba mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebulia yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesze, rac, Cveulebrivad, mravlad Seicavs arajansaRi cxovrebis elements: Tambaqos moxmareba, narkotikebisa da alkoholis moxmarebis zrda, cudi da aradabalansebuli kveba,



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dabali fizikuri aqtivoba, fsiqoemociuri stresebi. dRes arsebuli mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba kidev ufro amZafrebs aRniSnuli mavne Cevevebis Sedegs. yovelive zemoTqmulis erToblioba qmnis cxovrebis yoveldRiur wess da misi Secvla xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia.

5.1.3. narkotikebis momxmareblebi narkotikis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli qcevebis farTo speqtri SeiZleba pirobiTad 2 ZiriTad kategoriad daiyos: narkotikis arasamedicino mizniT moxmareba da narkotikze damokidebuleba. narkotikis mavnedmoxmarebam SesaZloa specifikuri xasiaTis piradi da socialuri problemebi Seuqmnas momxmarebels; narkotikze damokidebulebis, iseve rogorc sxva qronikuli daavadebis, ganuyreli elementebia remisia da recidivi. narkotikebis moxmarebelTaTvis servisis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba gamovyoT narkotikebis momxmarebelTa Semdegi ZiriTadi qvejgufebi: a. narkotikebis momxmareblebi, romelTac ara aqvT Camoyalibebuli damokidebuleba - es qvejgufi ZiriTadad moicavs im axalgazrdebs, vinc SedarebiT cota xnis win daiwyes narkotikebis moxmareba. bevri axalgazrda narkotikebs etaneba garTobis mizniT da ar Tvlis, rom raime problema aqvs amasTan dakavSirebiT. radgan aseT adamianebi ufro seriozuli riskis - damokidebulebis daavadebis winaSe dganan; sasurvelia adreuli intervenciuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba Temisa da pirveladi jandacvis rgolis doneze. b. ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelebi - narkotikebis ineqciuri gziT moxmareba aiv-infeqcia/Sidsis gavrcelebis ZiriTadi wyaroa. adamianis imunodeficitis virusis garda, ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebis wreSi cirkulirebs iseTi daavadebebis gamomwvevi mikrobebic, rogoricaa B da C hepatitebi da sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi sxva infeqciebi. ineqciuri narkotikebis moxmareba swrafad iwvevs damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas. aseve maRalia zedozirebisa da sxva garTulebebis riski. am qvejgufSi Semaval pirebs samedicino-fsiqologiur mxardaWerasTan erTad esaWiroebaT aiv/SidsTan dakavSirebuli konsultireba. g. narkotikebis moxmareblebi, romelTac CamouyalibdaT damokidebuleba (narkomanebi) - am jgufs miekuTvneba narkotikebis momxmarebelTa is kategoria, vinc wamaldamokidebulebis kriteriumebs akmayofilebs da daxmarebisaTvis specializebul narkologiur dawesebulebebs mimarTavs. maT esaWiroeba



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narkomanTa mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciis, zianis Semcirebis programebi. d. narkotikebis momxmareblebi mwvave intoqsikaciiT (zedozireba, qceviTi aSlilobebi, intoqsikaciuri fsiqozebi) - mwvave periodSi esaWiroebaT xanmokle intensiuri Terapia da/an fsiqiatriuli daxmareba. SemdgomSi, saWiroebis mixedviT, narkologiuri daxmareba an Tanmxlebi daavadebebis mkurnaloba. e. narkotikze damokidebuli pirebi aRkveTis mdgomareobaSi - aRkveTis mdgomareoba viTardeba narkotikebis moxmarebis uecari Sewyvetis Semdeg da saWiroebs detoqsikaciur mkurnalobas specializebul narkologiur dawesebulebaSi. v. remisiis mdgomareobaSi myofi narkomaniiT daavadebuli pirebi - am qvejgufs Seadgenen adamianebi, romelTac Sewyvites narkotikebis moxmareba da gaiares detoqsikaciis kursi. maT esaWiroeba sareabilitacio kursi, fsiqo-socialuri daxmarebisa da mxardaWeris sxva programebi. qvejgufebis aRwerili klasifikaciis garda, arsebobs prioritetuli jgufebi, romlebsac gansakuTrebuli meTvalyureoba da mkurnaloba esaWiroeba. esenia:

bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi; qalebi; pirebi, romelTac narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli

problemebis garda sxva fsiqiatriuli problemebic gaaCniaT (Sereuli, anu ormagi diagnozis mqone pirebi);

aiv-inficirebuli narkomanebi; sapatimroebSi myofi narkotikebis momxmareblebi.



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5.2. strategiis ganxorcielebis adgili

5.2.1. saswavlo dawesebulebebi

narkotikebis moxmareba didi xania sayovelTaoa da, rogorc nebismieri globaluri problema, igi ar SeiZleba darCes saganmanaTleblo sistemis yuradRebis miRma. Tuki Tanamedrove skolis mizani iseTi saganmanaTleblo garemos Seqmnaa, romelic xels uwyobs bavSvis yovelmxriv ganviTarebas, skola verafriT ver auvlis gverds narkomaniis prevenciisa da cxovrebis jansaRi stilis danergvis strategiebs.

skola mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens bavSvis yoveldRiur cxovrebasa da ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze. skolas mravali funqcia akisria: codnis gadacema, kulturuli da moraluri Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba, socialuri adaptaciisa da pirovnuli zrdis xelSewyoba.

skola mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs axalgazrdebis janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis xelSewyobaSi; skolaSi SesaZlebelia grZelvadiani, uwyveti prevenciuli saqmianoba; skola saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs, moaxdinon TavianT asakobriv jgufSi TviTdamkvidreba da identifikacia. erTi mxriv, skola aris adgili, sadac TanatolTa garemocvaSi mozardi sxvadasxva qcevebis mosinjvasa da eqsperimentirebas iwyebs (maT Soris, narkotikebis gasinjva), da, meores mxriv, Cven SegviZlia, gamoviyenoT skola, rogorc sakmaod mZlavri fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri resursi, romelic xels Seuwyobs axalgazrdebSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidrebas.

5.2.2. ojaxi

ojaxi bavSvis socializaciis pirveli institutia. ojaxis funqciuri daniSnuleba mravalgvaria: aRmzrdelobiTi, emociuri, sulieri urTierTobis, pirveladi socialuri kontrolis funqciebi da sxva. pirvel rigSi, ojaxi unda uzrunvelyofdes emociur funqcias, romelic ojaxis wevrebs aRiarebis, pativiscemis, emociuri mxardaWerisa da fsiqologiuri daculobis moTxovnilebebs ukmayofilebs.

ojaxis fsiqologiuri deformacia, ojaxis wevrebs Soris urTierTobebisa da RirebulebaTa sistemis rRveva Zlier zegavlenas axdens bavSvis pirovnebis ganviTarebaze da iwvevs pirovnebis deformacias, rac sxvadasxvagvarad gamovlindeba - socialuri infantilizmiT dawyebuli da asocialuri qceviT damTavrebuli.



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ojaxma SeiZleba Tavisdauneburad gamoiwvios narkotikebis moxmarebis provocireba an narkotikze fsiqikuri damokidebulebis fiqsacia, anda remisiis dros narkotikebis moxmarebis ganaxleba; meores mxriv, ojaxi SeiZleba gaxdes narkotikis momxmareblis mier mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciis kursis gavlis mastimulirebeli faqtori.

mniSvnelovania ojaxSi iseTi resursebis formireba, romlebic, erTis mxriv, daexmareba axalgazrdebs cxovrebiseul stresebTan gamklavebaSi da daicavs maT uaryofiTi fizikuri, fsiqologiuri an socialuri Sedegebis mqone qcevebisagan; meores mxriv, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ojaxis romelime wevri narkotikis moxmarebas daiwyebs, ojaxis sxva wevrebma unda SeZlon, daexmaron mas narkotikebis moxmarebis SewyvetaSi.

5.2.3. samsaxurebi (samuSao adgili)

samuSao adgilze narkotikebis moxmarebis prevencia miznad isaxavs iseTi problemebis Tavidan acilebas, rogoricaa produqtiulobis daqveiTeba, samsaxuris gacdena, korufcia, ubeduri SemTxveva, uaryofiTi samedicino da socialuri Sedegebi da sxv.

sasurvelia, yvela dawesebulebas/organizacias hqondes mkafiod formulirebuli politika narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic cnobili iqneba yvela TanamSromlisaTvis. aseTi programebi xarjT-efeqturia da sasargebloa rogorc damqiraveblisaTvis, aseve daqiravebulisaTvis da xels uwyobs usafrTxo da produqtiuli samuSao garemos Seqmnas.

5.2.4. SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis politikis ZiriTad prioritets warmoadgens SeiaraRebuli Zalebis brZolisunarianobis amaRleba da efeqturi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Camoyalibeba.

ZiriTadad, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa umravlesoba mamakacebia, Tanac axalgazrda asakis. maTi didi nawili samxedro valdebulia da unda msaxurobdes SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. am TvalsazrisiT, narkomaniis gavrceleba emuqreba qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobisa da usafrTxoebis ganmtkicebas.



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5.2.5. penitenciuri sistema

bevr adamians, romelic Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi xvdeba, narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi aqvs. samedicino Carevis saWiroeba SeiZleba sxvadasxva etapze aRmocendes: dakavebis dros, ganaCenis gamotanis periodSi, ganaCenis dadgomis Semdeg cixeSi an sasamarTlos mier savaldebulo mkurnalobis misjis SemTxvevaSi. penitenciur sistemaSi narkomaniis mkurnalobisa da zianis Semcirebis programebma SeiZleba Seamciros ara marto wamaldamokidebulebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi (maT Soris, infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrceleba), aramed narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulic.

5.2.6. Temi Tems Seswevs unari, gaumklavdes narkomaniis problemas lokaluri resursebis mobilizaciiT: skola, ojaxebi, samezoblo, axalgazrduli da sportuli organizaciebi, moxaliseebi, eklesia, saTemo organizaciebi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi sxvadasxva adgilze sxvadasxva simwvaviT aRmocendeba, Temma Tavad unda airCios sapasuxo RonisZiebebis speqtri. adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebis mxardaWeriT SesaZlebelia maqsimalurad efeqturi strategiebis ganxorcieleba.

5.2.7. eklesia

religia metad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs sazogadoebis istoriul, kulturul da zneobriv ganviTarebaSi. kerZod, saqarTvelos tradiciul marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas, eklesias didi wvlilis Setana SeuZlia narkomaniasTan brZolis saqmeSi - sulieri da fizikuri sijansaRis aucileblobis win wamowevis, misi xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT. didia eklesiis mniSvneloba prevenciuli kuTxiTac: eklesiuri cnobierebis adamians, mas, vinc iziarebs mis zneobriv daSvebebs, normebs, icavs eklesiur wesebs, narkomanad gaxdomis safrTxe naklebad emuqreba. amasTan, metad mniSvnelovania marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis roli narkomanTa mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciis procesSi narkologiur samsaxurebTan TanamSromlobisa da yofili narkomanebis socialuri reintegraciis xelSewyobis gziT.



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5.2.8. rekreaciuli garemo (gasarTobi dawesebulebebi)

axalgazrdebis garkveuli nawili Tavisufal dros gasarTob dawesebulebebSi atarebs, amitom, narkotikebis moxmarebis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian mniSvnelovania, Tu rogori garemoa maTTvis Seqmnili am dawesebulebebSi. dRes sakmaod gavrcelebulia e.w. teqno-kultura, romelic ganuyofelia dizain-narkotikebisagan. aq axalgazrdebi cekvaven mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi. am sacekvao maraTons axalgazrdebis nawili uZlebs ualkoholo sasmelebisa da wylis daxmarebiT, nawili ki energiis mosamateblad iRebs sinTezur narkotikebs, xSirad, narkotikebis kombinacias (eqstazi, amfetaminebi, LSD). Ramis klubebisa da sxva gasarTobi dawesebulebebis xelmZRvaneloba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos axalgazrdobisaTvis usafrTxo, narkotikebisagan Tavisufali garemos Seqmna.



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6. strategiis instrumentebi

6.1. strategiis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi

6.1.1. narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcireba warmoadgens narkomaniis problemis daZlevis mTavar instruments da yvelaze perspeqtiul mimarTulebas. amasTanave, narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcirebis politika ar SeiZleba izolirebuli iyos qveynis politikisagan ekonomikis, ganaTlebis, jandacvis, kulturis, sportisa da sxva sferoebSi, romelTa erToblivi realizeba mimarTulia sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze.

termini "moTxovnilebis Semcireba" - gamoiyeneba politikasa da programebSi, romlebic miznad isaxavs gaeros konvenciebiT akrZaluli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis momxmarebaze moTxovnis SezRudvas.

am sferoSi evrokavSiris strategia miznad isaxavs narkotikebis moxmarebis, wamaldamokidebulebisa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri riskebis Semcirebas moTxovnilebis Semcirebis efeqturi da srulyofili sistemis Seqmnis gziT, romelic moicavs prevenciul, adreuli intervenciis, mkurnalobis, zianis Semcirebis, reabilitaciisa da socialuri reintegraciis RonisZiebebs.15

aseTi sistema gulisxmobs Semdeg RonisZiebebs:

narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis prevencia; narkotikebis eqsperimentuli moxmarebis regularulSi

gadasvlis prevencia; problemis adreuli amocnoba da Careva (adreuli

intervencia); samkurnalo programebis SeTavazeba; reabilitaciisa da socialuri reintegraciis programebis

SeTavazeba; narkotikebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobisa da socialuri

zianis Semcireba.

15 EU Drugs Strategy (2005-2012), COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Brussels, November, 2004



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yvela es RonisZieba erTmaneTs avsebs da moicavs prevenciis sxvadasxva doneebs. zogadad, miznebis ierarqia narkotikebze moTxovnis SezRudvis sferoSi ase gamoiyureba:

1. moxmarebis Semcireba:

pirveladi prevencia - axali momxmareblebis raodenobis Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis prevencia)

meoradi prevencia - narkotikebis arsebul momxmarebelTa raodenobis Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebis gagrZelebis prevencia);

2. zianis Semcireba:

mesameuli prevencia - narkotikebis momxmareblebisaTvis, aramomxmareblebisa da sazogadoebisaTvis narkotikebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis/samarTlebrivi/socialuri zianis donis Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba).

amgvarad, narkotikebze moTxovnilebis Semcirebis sferoSi saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategia gamohyofs Semdeg prioritetul mimarTulebebs:

1. narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia; 2. wamaldamokidebul pirTa mkurnaloba da

reabilitacia; 3. narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba



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narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia - es aris socialuri, saganmanaTleblo da samedicino-fsiqologiuri RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, romelic xels uwyobs avadmyofuri damokidebulebis gamomwvevi fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebis moxmarebis dawyebis Tavidan acilebas.

narkomaniis Tavidan acilebis Tanamedrove adreuli, anu pirveladi profilaqtika dafuZnebulia imaze, rom mis centrSi moTavsebulia mozardi da misi cxovrebis sami ZiriTadi sfero - ojaxi, saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba da Tavisufali dro. narkomaniis profilaqtikuri strategiebis gatarebisas mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom profilaqtika ara marto aqciebisa da RonisZiebebis sistemaa, aramed, pirvel rigSi, es aris mecnierulad dasabuTebuli midgoma. prevenciuli ganaTlebis arsi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: adamianma unda gaacnobieros is WeSmariteba, rom TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTar janmrTelobaze da romelime fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis gasinjvamde unda hqondes obieqturi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves am nivTierebis moxmarebas. miRebuli codna unda iqces qcevis realur motivad. amisaTvis, obieqturi informaciis garda, adamians unda gaaCndes is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic xels uwyobs konkretul situaciaSi swori gadawyvetilebis miRebas da mis ganxorcielebas.

gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis msgavsad, romelTa prevencia profilaqtikuri acrebis meSveobiT xdeba, gadamdebi arainfeqciuri, anu socialuri daavadebebis Tavidan asacileblad, TiToeul bavSvs esaWiroeba specialuri swavleba - fsiqologiuri "imunizacia".

fsiqologiuri "imunizacia", anu nebismieri qceviTi gadaxris, da maT Soris, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis profilaqtika xels uwyobs jansaRi pirovnebis formirebas da saSualebas iZleva,

6.1.1.1. narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia

narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia saqarTvelos antinarkotikuli strategiis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes prioritets warmoadgens.

prioriteti 1



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winaswar moxdes bavSvebSi iseTi orientaciisa da ganwyobis Camoyalibeba, roca fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba ar warmoadgens faseulobas da yovelgvari damokidebuleba aRiqmeba, rogorc Tavisuflebis dakargva.

efeqturi fsiqologiuri "imunizacia" Semdegi niSan-TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba:

1. universaluroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom garkveulma risk-faqtorebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios qceviTi gadaxris nebismieri forma, maT Soris, narkotikebis moxmarebac. aqedan gamomdinare, mxolod narkotikebze mimarTul profilaqtikas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves is, rom "daZabulobam" sxva gamosasvleli "arxi" ipovos. deviaciuri qceva miiRebs ara narkomaniis, aramed sxva formas (agresiuli, suiciduri, impulsuri qcevebi da a.S.). prevencia farTo gagebiT, anu fsiqologiuri imunizacia yvela formis qceviTi gadaxris profilaqtikas gulisxmobs.

2. konstruqciuli xasiaTi - fsiqologiuri imunizacia miznad ar

isaxavs araswori ganwyobebis Secvlas, igi Tavidanve sasurvel ganwyobebs ayalibebs, anu, konstruqciuli pirveladi prevencia ki ar ebrZvis deviaciuri qcevas, aramed xels uwyobs mis Tavidan acilebas da jansaRi pirovnebis Camoyalibebas. mis samizneebs warmoadgens: moralur-eTikuri principebisa da RirebulebaTa sistemis Camoyalibeba, komunikaciuri unarebis gamomuSaveba da sxv.

3. zemoqmedebis winmswrebi xasiaTi - myari, sasurveli

ganwyobebis Camoyalibeba SesaZlebelia im momentamde, sanam mozardi aiTvisebs sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebel normebsa da ganwyobebs.

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi narkomaniis profilaqtikisadmi koncefciuri, sistemuri midgomis gamomuSaveba mniSvnelovani amocanaa. rogorc wesi, profilaqtikuri saqmianoba kompleqsur midgomas efuZneba. kompleqsuri prevenciuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis saganmanaTleblo sistema erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi rgolia. yvelaze kargi da keTilsaimedo saskolo garemoc ki ver mowydeba socialur sinamdviles, romelSic axalgazrdebis mier narkotikebis moxmareba Cveulebrivi movlena gaxda. araerTi gamokvleva adasturebs, rom, erTi mxriv, mozardebma narkotikebis Sesaxeb bevrad meti ician, vidre maTma mSoblebma da pedagogebma, meores mxriv, maTi codnis ZiriTad wyaros quCa warmoadgens. quCa, ZiriTadad, romantikul saburvelSi xvevs narkotiks da arafers ambobs mis saSiSroebaze.



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skolebSi grZelvadiani, uwyveti prevenciuli muSaoba saSualebas mogvcems:

gavuRviZoT mozardebs survili, iyvnen janmrTelni; davexmaroT sakuTar Tavis ukeT SecnobaSi, cxovrebis jansaRi

stilis damkvidrebaSi; vaswavloT, rogor igrZnon Tavi komfortulad

sazogadoebaSi; ganvumtkicoT sakuTari Rirsebis grZnoba; vaswavloT mozardebs, icxovron ise, rom maT yofaSi

narkotikisaTvis adgili ar darCes. kompleqsuri prevenciuli programa warmoadgens specifikuri da araspecifikuri meTodebis erTobliobas:

1. specifikuri meTodebi: fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis adamianis organizmze zemoqmedebisa da narkomaniis Sedegebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba, narkotikebis moxmarebis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebulebis formireba.

2. araspecifikuri meTodebi: bavSvebis fsiqologiuri mxardaWera, adekvaturi TviTSefasebis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, uaris Tqmis, konfliqtebis mogvarebis unarebis formireba, sakuTar qcevebze pasuximgeblobis aRebis unaris gamomuSaveba, bavSvis sociumTan adaptaciis gaadvilebisa da socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba.

dabolos, narkomaniis prevenciis saukeTeso programa martivia: bavSvebze zrunva, maTi mxardaWera da swavleba. es prevenciuli programa iwyeba ojaxSi da grZeldeba skolaSi da sxva sociumSi. efeqturi prevenciuli strategia dafuZnebulia narkotikebis moxmarebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebis Semcirebaze da damcavi faqtorebis ganmtkicebaze da iTvaliswinebs bavSvis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva stadiaze arsebul Taviseburebebsa da saWiroebebs.

ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi: 1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevenciis koncefciis Seqmna

dRes Cvens qveyanaSi ar arsebobs skolebSi narkomaniis pirveladi prevenciis erTiani koncefcia, TiToeuli dainteresebuli organizacia Tu uwyeba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr axorcielebs prevenciul RonisZiebebs.



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saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis prevenciis koncefcia warmoadgens skolebSi jansaRi atmosferos Seqmnis efeqtur instruments da 3 ZiriTad mizans isaxavs:

narkotikebisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba; cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevebis SeZena da/an gavarjiSeba; ndobisa da keTilganwyobis atmosferos Seqmna.

koncefciis amocanebia: profilaqtikis organizaciuli struqturebis Seqmna, kadrebis momzadeba, profilaqtikuri saqmianobis yvela donisaTvis programebis SemuSaveba, normatiul-samarTlebrivi bazis momzadeba, monitoringis ganxorcieleba, da profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis efeqturobis Sefaseba. ganaTlebis saministros mier unda moxdes SemuSavebuli koncefciis damtkiceba, rogorc ZiriTadi samuSao dokumentisa, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi wamaldamokidebulebis prevenciis erovnuli programis Sesaqmnelad. 2. qveynis zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli politikis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofa

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli skolis politikis mizania saskolo garemoSi iseTi socio-kulturuli atmosferos Seqmna, romelic xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi narkotikebis moxmarebisadmi aqtiurad negatiuri poziciis Camoyalibebas. praqtikulad, narkomaniis prevenciuli RonisZiebebi emyareba skolis pozicias narkotikebTan mimarTebaSi, yovelive es ki asaxvas hpovebs skolis politikaSi. narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli politikis Seqmna saskolo atmosferos gaumjobesebisa da skolaSi grZelvadiani, kompleqsuri prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebis saSualebas iZleva, rac, saboloo jamSi, xels Seuwyobs bavSvebsa da mozardebSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis Tanamimdevrul damkvidrebas.

skolis politika narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT - es aris dokumenti (skolis kodeqsi), romelSic mkafiod aris formulirebuli skolis pozicia narkotikebTan mimarTebaSi, ganmartebulia wesebi, ZiriTadi principebi, regulaciebi, politikis realizaciis saSualebebi.



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TiToeuli skolis mier SemuSavebuli politikis dokumenti moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad sakiTxebs:

1. politikis miznebi da amoc

saqartvelos sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis...

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