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IBM Global Business Services
HR ABAP Jan-2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
HR ABAP Technical Overview
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List of Topics
Logical DatabasesJoin & ProjectionReports / Repetitive StructuresClustersTime Data Infosets & Infoset Queries InfotypesLogical Database PCH
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Logical Databases
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What is a Logical Database ?
Logical databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. The most common use of logical databases is still to read data from database tables and linking them to executable ABAP programs while setting the program contents
Logical databases contain Open SQL statements that read data from the database. You do not therefore need to use SQL in your own programs
A logical database can read the lines of these tables one after the other into an executable program in a sequence which is normally defined by the hierarchical structure
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Functions of the Logical Database PNP
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Logical Databases provided by SAP
HR Logical Databases In Human Resources (HR), the following logical databases can be used as a data source for HR InfoSets:
PNP / PNPCE PAP PCH By selecting a logical database, you determine the HR data that can be reported on
using an InfoSet. Logical Database PCH This logical database generally enables you to report on all HR infotypes. However,
you are advised not to use this logical database unless you want to report on Personnel Planning data.
Logical Database PNP Use logical database PNP to report on HR master data. It is possible to use logical
database PCH to access this data, but PNP meets such reporting requirements more quickly because it is best suited to the task of selecting persons.
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Structure of Logical Database
StructureThe structure defines the data view of the logical database.
SelectionsThe selections define a selection screen, which forms the user interface of the executable programs that use the logical database.
Database ProgramThe database program contains the ABAP statements used to read the data and pass it to the user of the logical database.
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Structure of Logical Database
The structure of a logical database is usually based on the foreign key relationships between hierarchical tables in the SAP System.
Logical databases have a tree-like structure
The nodes must be structures defined in the ABAP Dictionary or data types from a type group
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Linking a Logical Database to an Executable Program
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Logical Structures and DB Tables in PA
SAP AG 1999
Logical Structures and Database Tables in PA
Logical structures
PnnnnKEY fields
Data fields
PSnnnn
Database tables
PAnnnnPAnnnn PBnnnnPBnnnnScreenfields
Qnnnn
Selectionfields PNP
PERNR
PCLnPCLn
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LDB : Infotype Data Structure
SAP AG 1999
Infotype - Data Structures
PA0002PA0002
DB structure PAnnnn using infotype 0002 as an example
Infotype structure Pnnnn using infotype 0002 as an example
MANDT PAKEY PSHD1 PS0002
PSKEY PSHD1 PS0002
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LDB - Screening
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LDB – Data Retrieval
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Calling a Logical Database Using a Function Module
LDB_PROCESS Function module is used to call logical databases independently from any ABAP program
Selection screen is not displayed The logical database does not trigger any GET events in the calling program, but
passes the data back to the caller in callback routines The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by specifying a
node name in the CALLBACK parameter For the GET event, the callback routine is executed directly after the data has
been read for the node, and before the subordinate nodes are processed. For the GET LATE event, the callback routine is processed after the subordinate
nodes have been processed.
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Processing Infotypes in Logical Database
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LDB – Processing Master Data Using Provide
SAP AG 1999
Processing Master Data
TABLES: PERNR.INFOTYPES: 0001, "Actions
0002, "Personal Data0006, "Addresses....
GET PERNR.PROVIDE * FROM P0002 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.
WRITE...
ENDPROVIDE.
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LDB - Loop Nesting
SAP AG 1999
Loop Nesting
GET PERNR.PROVIDE * FROM P0002 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA
AND PN-ENDDA.WRITE...
ENDPROVIDE.
PROVIDE * FROM P0006BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.WRITE...
ENDPROVIDE.
END-OF-SELECTION.
Infotypeloop
Infotypeloop
Employeeloop
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LDB – Period Based Data - 1
SAP AG 1999
JANUARY - APRIL
MAY - AUGUST
SEPTEMBER - DECEMBER
Ms YMs Y
Period-Based Data (1)
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LDB – Period Based Data - 2
SAP AG 1999
Org.Assignment
Data Selection
January December
January December
Org.Assignment
January December
Period-Based Data (2)
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LDB – Screening Criteria
SAP AG 1999
Screening Criteria
Data selection
Person selection
PAnnnnPAnnnn
INFOTYPES: ...
GET PERNR.
PROVIDE...
WRITE...
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LDB – Sort Order
SAP AG 1999
Sort Order
...
GET PERNR....
190919101899
Pers.areaPerNo. Name
100010001100
Sam Hawkins David Lindsay Karl May
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LDB – Flow Control of Logical Database
SAP AG 1999
Flow Control for Logical Database
View of HR report attributes - flow control for logical database
Program Batch Online
ZPLIST00
ZPLIST10
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
Forward select options
Array fetch is active
Array fetch active and forward select options
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Join and Projection
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Joins and Projection
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Joins in PROVIDE
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Join / Subtypes
SAP AG 1999
Join / Subtypes
TABLES: PERNR.INFOTYPES: 0001, "Organizational Assignment
0002, "Personal Data0006, "Addresses....
GET PERNR.PROVIDE * FROM P0002
* FROM P0006 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
WHERE P0006-SUBTY = '1'.IF P0006_VALID = 'X'.
WRITE...ENDIF.
ENDPROVIDE.
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Joins and Projection / Coding
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Reading Time-Dependent Table Entries
SAP AG 1999
Reading Time-Dependent Table Entries
BEGDA
P0001-BEGDA
T513SENDDA
SELECT * FROM T513SWHERE SPRSL = SY-LANGUAND STELL = P0001-STELLAND ENDDA GE P0001-BEGDAAND BEGDA LE P0001-BEGDA.
ENDSELECT.
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HR Macros
RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST
RP_PROVIDE_FROM_FIRST
RP_SET_DATA_INTERVAL
RP_READ_INFOTYPE
RP-READ-ALL-TIME-ITY
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Options for Defining Modules
Macros can be defined in reports or includes using the ABAP command DEFINE
If a macro is changed, each report using this macro is automatically regenerated when it is executed
Macros can also be defined as RMAC macros. The source code of these modules is stored in the function section of the control table TRMAC
When you change an RMAC macro in the table TRMAC, the reports that use this macro are not regenerated automatically. You must regenerate them manually.
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Macro Modules
SAP AG 1999
Macro Modules
TABLES: PERNR.INFOTYPES: 0001, "Organizational Assignment
0002, "Personal Data0006, "Addresses....
GET PERNR.RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST P0001 SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.
WRITE...
* * * Include program DBPNPMAC.
DEFINE RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST.PNP-SW-FOUND = '0'.. . .
END-OF-DEFINITION.
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Processing a Specific Infotype Record
SAP AG 1999
Processing a Specific Infotype Record
Data selection January December
TablePnnnn
January December
GET PERNR.RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST <Pnnnn> SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.IF PNP-SW-FOUND = 1.
WRITE...ENDIF.
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Reading Infotype without using LDB (1)
SAP AG 1999
Reading Infotypes Without Logical DB (1)
PAnnnnPAnnnn
INFOTYPES: <nnnn>....CALL FUNCTION'HR_READ_INFOTYPE'...
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Reading Infotype Without Using LDB (2)
SAP AG 1999
Reading Infotypes Without Logical DB (2)
INFOTYPES: 0002.DATA: return LIKE SY-SUBRC.
CALL FUNCTION 'HR_READ_INFOTYPE'EXPORTING. . .
PERNR = <person>INFTY = '0002'BEGDA = <begdat>ENDDA = <enddat>
IMPORTINGSUBRC = return
TABLESINFTY_TAB = P0002
EXCEPTIONSINFTY_NOT_FOUND = 1OTHERS = 2.
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Updating Infotype Record
SAP AG 1999
Updating Infotype Records
PARAMETERS:persnum LIKE P0002-PERNR, natio_o LIKE P0002-NATIO DEFAULT 'DE',natio_n LIKE P0002-NATIO DEFAULT 'D'.
* Update infotype records
UPDATE PA0002SET NATIO = natio_nWHERE PERNR = persnumAND NATIO = natio_o.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.WRITE: 'Modified records', SY-DBCNT.
ENDIF.
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Reading Planning Infotypes with Function Module
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Determining The Entry Date
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Dynamic Actions
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Indicator for Step
P Check conditions I Maintain infotype record W Set default values when creating a new record V Reference to another step F Call routine M Send mail
Tables used PSAVE To check old values of field PSPAR Transaction classes T001P Start dates and molga
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Function character of step
02 for Change
04 for Create
06 for Change and create
08 for Delete
10 for Change and delete
12 for Create and delete
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Calling Reports Using Dynamic Actions
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Reports / Repetitive Structures
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Infotype with repetitive Structure
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Repetitive Structure / Evaluation (1)
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Repetitive Structure / Evaluation (2)
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ALV Data Structures
SAP AG 1999
ALV Data Structures
. . .TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.. . .DATA: alv_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
alv_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv.. . .
TYPES: BEGIN OF data_struc,pernr LIKE PERNR-PERNR,ename LIKE P0001-ENAME,. . .dar LIKE P0041-DAR01,. . .
END OF data_struc.
DATA: data_tab TYPE TABLE OF data_struc,data_tab_wa TYPE data_struc.
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ALV Field Catalog
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AVL Interface
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Clusters
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Clusters
Definition It is a database object, It is a file or table which link with Relid It combines the data from several tables with identical keys.
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Clusters
Different Types Of Clusters PCL1 : Database for HR – Work Area PCL2 : Accounting Results ( Time / Payroll Results ) PCL3 : Recruitment/Applicant Tracking Data PCL4 : Documents Data PCL5 : Personnel Cost Planning
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Clusters
PCL2 – Accounting Results table PCL2 is a Transparent table. PCL2-relid then it is called Cluster. PCL2- (XX) Where XX : - IN – India RX- International RU- USA FI- Finland RQ- Australia
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Importing Data
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Importing / Exporting with Macros
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Importing/Exporting using a Buffer
SAP AG 1999
Importing/Exporting Using a Buffer
Import
Export
Program
UPDATE
PCLnPCLn
Buffer
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Importing Using a Buffer
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Data flow in Payroll
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Payroll Results
SAP AG 1999
Payroll Results
Payroll result
Suzanne Werner January 19xx
WT01 Standard salary 5000 DMWT02 Bonus 300 DMWT03 Overtime 200 DM/101 Tot. gross amt 5500 DM. . . .
REPORT RPCLSTxy.
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Reading the Cluster Directory
SAP AG 1999
Reading the Cluster Directory
*Table containing directory of payroll resultsDATA: BEGIN OF RGDIR OCCURS 100. INCLUDE STRUCTURE PC261. DATA: END OF RGDIR. DATA: COUNTRY LIKE T001P-MOLGA.... CALL FUNCTION 'CU_READ_RGDIR' EXPORTING PERSNR = PERNR-PERNR
IMPORTING MOLGA = country TABLES IN_RGDIR = RGDIR EXCEPTIONS NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1 OTHERS = 2.
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Determining Current Payroll Result (1)
SAP AG 1999
Determining Current Payroll Result (1)
DATA: number LIKE PC261-SEQNR.. . .GET PERNR.
. . .CALL FUNCTION 'CU_READ_RGDIR'. . .
CALL FUNCTION 'CD_READ_LAST' EXPORTING BEGIN_DATE = PN-BEGDA END_DATE = PN-ENDDA IMPORTING OUT_SEQNR = number TABLES RGDIR = RGDIR EXCEPTIONS NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1 OTHERS = 2.
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Determining Current Payroll Result (2)
SAP AG 1999
Determining Current Payroll Result (2)
DATA: result TYPE PAY99_RESULT.DATA: rt_header TYPE LINE OF HRPAY99_RT. . . .
CALL FUNCTION 'PYXX_READ_PAYROLL_RESULT' EXPORTING CLUSTERID = 'RX' EMPLOYEENUMBER = p0001-pernr SEQUENCENUMBER = number * READ_ONLY_BUFFER = ' ' * READ_ONLY_INTERNATIONAL = ' ' * CHECK_READ_AUTHORITY = 'X'
. . . CHANGING PAYROLL_RESULT = result EXCEPTIONS . .LOOP AT result-INTER-RT INTO rt_header.
WRITE: / rt_header-LGART, ...ENDLOOP.
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Clusters – Data Structure for Payroll Result
Structure for Payroll Results
DATA: result TYPE PAY99_RESULT . DATA: rt _ header TYPE LINE OF HRPAY99_RT . . . .
* Access to payroll result data WRITE: result -INTER-VERSC-FPPER,
. . . LOOP AT result -INTER-RT INTO rt _ header .
WRITE: / rt _ header -LGART, . . . ENDLOOP.
Structure : PAY99_RESULT
EVP Structure PC261
INTER Structure PAY99_INTERNATIONAL NAT Dummy for national part
VERSC Type PC202
RT Type HRPAY99_RT
BT CRT Type HRPAY99_CRT
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Table Types for Payroll Results (1)
SAP AG 1999
Table Type for Payroll Results (1)
Payroll result
Dictionary
Table type: HRPAY99_TAB_OF_RESULTS
Aggregated data types:
Structures (field strings)
Tables
Line type: PAY99_RESULT
EVPStructure PC261
INTER Structure PAY99_INTERNATIONAL NATVERSCType PC202
RTType HRPAY99_RT
BTCRTType HRPAY99_CRT
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Table Types for Payroll Results (2)
SAP AG 1999
Table Type for Payroll Results (2)
DATA: result_tab TYPE HRPAY99_TAB_OF_RESULTS,result_header TYPE PAY99_RESULT.
DATA: rt_header TYPE LINE OF HRPAY99_RT.DATA: rgdir LIKE PC261 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE....CALL FUNCTION 'PYXX_GET_EVALUATION_PERIODS'
EXPORTING CLUSTERID = <Cluster>
EMPLOYEENUMBER = PERNR-PERNR INPER_MODIF = <Period parameter>
INPER = <In-period>TABLES
RGDIR = rgdirEVALUATED_PERIODS = result_tab
EXCEPTIONSNO_PAYROLL_RESULTS = 1NO_ENTRY_FOUND_ON_CU = 2.
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Table Types for Payroll Results (1)
SAP AG 1999
Table Type for Payroll Results (3)
CALL FUNCTION 'PYXX_GET_EVALUATION_PERIODS' EXPORTING . . .
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.LOOP AT result_tab INTO result_header.
WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR, P0001-ENAME,result_header-INTER-VERSC-FPPER,. . .
LOOP AT result_header-INTER-RT INTO rt_header.WRITE: / rt_header-LGART, . . .
ENDLOOP.ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
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Clusters - Display of Payroll Result(PC00_M40_CLSTR)
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Clusters - Display of Cluster data – Payroll Result
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Clusters - Display of Cluster data – Payroll Result
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Clusters - Important Structures to read Payroll data
1 . Payxx_result ( internal structures EVP/ INTER / NAT )
Where xx :- 99 = International DE = Germany IN = India FI = Finland 2. HRPAYxx_RT/ CRT/ WPBP……. Where xx :- 99 = International DE = Germany IN = India FI = Finland
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Clusters - Function Modules To Read Payroll data
1. PYXX_GET_RELID_FROM_PERNR
2. CU_READ_RGDIR
3. CD_READ_LAST 4. PYXX_READ_PAYROLL_RESULT
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Time Data
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Time Data
SAP AG 1999
Time Data
Dependency of Time Data on Validity Period
Importing Time Data
Processing Time Data Using Internal Tables
Contents:
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Time data and Validity Period
SAP AG 1999
Time Data and Validity Period
Leave
Data selectionperiod
15 days
PROVIDE...WRITE...
ENDPROVIDE. 15 days
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Importing Time Data (1)
SAP AG 1999
Importing Time Data (1)
PAnnnnPAnnnn
Data selection period
INFOTYPES: 2001, "Absences2002, "Attendances2005, "Overtime2010. "Employee
Remuneration Info GET PERNR.
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Importing Time Data (2)
SAP AG 1999
Importing Time Data (2)
INFOTYPES: 0001,0002,...2005 MODE N.
GET PERNR.RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST P0001 SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.. . . .RP_READ_ALL_TIME_ITY PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.. . . .
LOOP AT P2005.WRITE...
ENDLOOP.
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Importing Time Data to Internal Tables
SAP AG 1999
Importing Time Data to Internal Tables
TYPES:BEGIN OF overtime,bukrs LIKE P0001-BUKRS,werks LIKE P0001-WERKS,btrtl LIKE P0001-BTRTL,stdaz LIKE P2005-STDAZ,
END OF overtime.DATA: tab TYPE TABLE OF overtime WITH HEADER LINE.
GET PERNR.RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST P0001 SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.MOVE-CORRESPONDING P0001 TO tab.RP_READ_ALL_TIME_ITY PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA.
LOOP AT P2005.MOVE-CORRESPONDING P2005 TO tab.COLLECT tab. (oder: APPEND tab.)
ENDLOOP. bukrs werks btrtl stdaz Work area(header line)
Data area
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Processing Time Data with Internal Tables
SAP AG 1999
Processing Time Data with Internal Tables
WERKSBUKRStab - BTRTL
0001
0001
0002
0002
0001
0001
0002
0002
0001
0002
0003
0004
Footer processing
Header processingEND-OF-SELECTION.LOOP AT tab.AT FIRST....ENDAT.
AT NEW bukrs....ENDAT.
AT NEW werks....ENDAT.
Single recordprocessingAT END OF werks....ENDAT.
AT END OF bukrs....ENDAT.
AT LAST....ENDAT.
ENDLOOP.
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Infosets and Infoset Query
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Infosets and User Groups
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Assign Infosets to User Groups ( Transaction SQ03 )
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Reporting on Data from PNP/PNPCE and PCH
Logical database
PNP PCH PAP
Selection of Persons Objects from Personnel Planning
Applicants
Infotypes that can be included in the InfoSet
Infotypes for Personnel
Administration (0000-0999)
Time Management (2000-2999)
Payroll infotypes Infotypes for Personnel
Planning objects that can be related to persons
If the object type is specified:
Infotypes for the object type
Infotypes for objects that can be related to the specified object type
If the object type is not specified:
All infotypes
Infotypes for Recruitment (4000-4999)
Some infotypes for Personnel Administration (such as 0001 and 0002)
Customer infotypes
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Procedure for Creating and Changing Infosets (SQ02)
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Initial Maintenance Screen for Reporting on Person/Applicants
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Ad Hoc Query
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Creating Queries II
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Ad Hoc Query: Overview
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Restricting Reporting Set
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Creating Queries
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Infotypes
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Infotype Data Structure
Four digit number nnnn
Unique identification
9000 to 9999 reserved for customer infotypes
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Naming Conventions for Infotypes
0000 to 0999 – HR Master data / Applicant data
1000 to 1999 – Organizational Management
2000 to 2999 – Time data
4000 to 4999 – Applicant data
5000 to 5999 – Planning Infotypes
9000 to 9999 – Customer defined
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Personnel Administration Transparent Tables
Key Fields
Administration Fields
Custom Fields
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Database Table For Applicant Infotypes
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Components of an Infotype
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subroutinesMPnnnn40
PAI modules for the screensMPnnnn30
PBO modules for the screensMPnnnn20
The PROGRAM statement andthe declaration of common data objects
MPnnnn10
The include containsName of include
Infotype specific include programs
The main program MPnnnn00 only contains INCLUDE statements. If you create the main program using transaction PM01 Dialogs in HR, the system also creates the following four includes:
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Each infotype has at least three screens: An initial screen ( 1000 )
Initial screen is used as technical interface Processed in background and not displayed
A single screen ( 2000 ) Its an interface between the system and the user It enables to create, display or maintain data records
A list screen ( 3000 ) Enables to list all records in info type
Infotype Screens
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Initial Screens
Initial screen is used as technical interface
Screen 1000 is used for all infotypes
Processed in background.
Performs general initialization procedures
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Initial Screen - Preview
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Single Screen - Preview
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List Screen - Preview
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Infotype Time Constraint
A time constraint indicates whether more than one infotype record may be available at one time.
The following time constraint indicators are permissible: 1 No overlapping and no gaps. Eg : Infotype 0000 - Actions
2 No overlapping but time gaps are permitted. Eg : Infotype 0021 - Family Details
3 Overlapping and and time gaps are permitted. Eg : Infotype 0019 Monitoring of Task
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Other Possible Time Constraints
A Only one record may exist, valid from 01/01/1800 to 12/31/9999. Splitting and deletion is not permissible.
B Only one record may exist, valid from 01/01/1800 to 12/31/9999. Splitting is not permissible, but may be deleted.
T The time constraint varies depending on the subtype.
Z Refers to time management infotypes.
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The following tables must be maintained for each infotype:
Name of table Task
T582A Basic infotype characteristics
(database tables, single screen, list screen, time constraint, dialogmodule, and so on)
T582S Infotype short texts
T777A Technical Characteristics of Infotype (database table, dialog module, andso on)
T77ID Name of data field structure (PSnnnn)
Infotype Characteristics
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 1
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 2
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 3
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Created Objects
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Enhancing Personnel Administration Infotypes – Overview
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Enhancing Personnel Administration Infotypes – Procedure
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Enhancing Infotypes – Created Objects
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Creating HRP info types
Transaction code : ‘PPCI’.
(Personnel Planning Infotype Copier)
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Creating HRP info types
We can create the following kinds of info types:
Language-dependent field info types Language-independent field info types Language-dependent table info types Language-independent table info types
We can also specify whether an info type is country-specific or not
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
Start the Data Dictionary (SE11)
Select the Radio button Data Type Enter the HRI9nnn ( Where 9nnn is info type no).
Click on Create Button, and Create the required Structure
Save , Check and Activate the Structure
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Creating HRP info types
IBM Global Business Services
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
Go to T Code : PPCI
Enter Info the details
Info type : 9nnn Info type name : xxxxx
Click on Create, it will display Extended screen
IBM Global Business Services
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
♠ Here you can select Field info type / Table Info Type
♠ Language Dependent/ Independent
♠ Country Specific / not
♠ After selecting these options click on Create Button
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
After Creation of Infotype Maintain the Following Details using TCode: OOIT
Time Constraint
Infotype Per Object Type
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Logical Database PCH(PNP)
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Data Model
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Relationship Between Basic Object Type
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Table Infotype
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Sequential Evaluation
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Structural Evaluation
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Evaluation Path
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Maintaining Evaluation Path
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Sequential Evaluation Coding
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Structural Evaluations Coding
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Structure Parameters
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Setting Structure Condition
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Filling Fields in the Selection Screen
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Evaluating Additional Data on Relationship
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Evaluating Table Infotype
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Evaluating the Infotype Index
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Questions ?
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Thank You