sanskrut lesson 61 - month 16

8/8/2019 Sanskrut Lesson 61 - Month 16

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Lesson 61.

Swara Sandhi and Visarga Sandhi.

mJjmvO: / Jmi&mvO:

In my early days of enthusiastic Sanskrit studies, I picked up the

Panchatantra to 'improve' my language skills. One look at the text a long

never ending word that filled 25 lines (if I exaggerate, it is only for

effect.believe me, I do not lie. Ever.) and I figured that I had to get my

Sandhi rules firmly understood first.

Sandhi is the joining of two words into a single word. The last letter of a

word and the first letter of the adjoining word form one letter.

Sandhi-vicheda,mvOJso:, describes the process by which one letter

( whether single or cojoined) is broken to form two words. Part of thebroken letter remains as the last letter of the first word and part of the

letter forms the first letter of the next letter.

Over time I still find it easier to break words than to join them but here

are a few tips that have kept me in good stead either way:

1. Sandhis take place whenever there is a presence of a swara.avowel ; the presence of a consonant WITH a halanta ( for example

kd); the presence of a visarga (for examplek:)2.Siren's on!! Trip up alert:

Whenever I see a, J, S, S, D, D, md, Md,


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Swar Sandhi.

The name

of the

sandhi

The first word

should end in:

The second

word should

begin with:

Result

of the

sandhi

Example

1. oI&mqvO

Dor D Dor D D nc+ Du:=ncu: ~J+ DLa=JLa ~

For F& For F& F& kJ+Fv:=kJv: ~

+F&M:=M: ~Gor T Gor T T Yv +Go:

= Yvo: ~JO+Go:=JOo: ~

2. iCmqvO Dor D For F& S mj+F&M: =mjM:~

jc+F&M: =jcM: ~

Dor D Gor T D m&+Go=mxo ~i+Gc&=

ic&: ~Dor D $or $= Djd cn+$


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3. J=mqvO

Dor D Sor S S cc+Sk: =cck:~oJ+S&cd

=oJ&cd ~Dor D D or D D G


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mqvO Dif theSending is that

of a declined

noun.

=nj ~Jl&vl +Fl=Jl&vll /

Jl&vl FlS any vowel Dd v + Dk: =vk: ~lmc + DH=lmcH /lmc DH ~

D any vowel(except for

Dif the Dending is that

of a declined

noun.

DJd H+ Dv: =

HJv: ~Yv+ Focd= YvJocd /Yv Focd

D any vowel DJd H + Dk: =HJk:~GY+ DH=

GYJH /GY DH

6. HJ&HmqvO

A declined noun

ending in an Sor an D

D einstead

of D

kJ +D$=kJe$ ~mO +D$=mOe$ ~

7. HjHmqvO

a prefix ending in an

Da conjugated

verb

beginning with

an Sor an D

Diselided.

DJ+Sn=DJn~GH+D


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8.k=lYJ

mqvO

Jvwords endingin F&, T , S

Jvwordwhere its

first letter is

a vowel.

Sandhi

does not

take

place

kJ +Sl= kJ Sl

i+Fc=i Fc

Indeclinables

(DJs) ending in anan Dor an D

vowel Sandhi

does not

takeplace

Dn D$YJvdD SJb vcvm

I came across very peculiar sandhis during the course of my study.

Unfortunately, I have not been able to find a rule in grammar texts that

authenticates such sandhis. However, I'll place them before you and if

you do come across references regarding this please let me know so that

I may share it with others.

1. Words that end in D/Dand when combined with words beginningwith D/D have sometimes been written like this:

lL+ DH=lLeHl$+ DH=l$eH

l+D$= le$

2. The occurrence of two DJns ( ee ) togethertell you thatan D is present at that point.


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Visarga Sandhi:

Before we do the Visarga Sandhi, it is important to have a table that

differentiates the soft consonants from the hard ones.

The shaded consonants are thekj-Jvv - hard consonants.The rest arec=oJvv - soft consonants.

The following table should be helpful

visarga preceded by followed by results in

D any softconsonant OR D

coalesces into D (fora soft consonant)

ORDe (for an D)k: + DH =keH ~

An indeclinable

(DJ) ending inanD

any vowel OR anysoft consonant

except forj

is replaced byjdHv: + D$=Hvj$ ~Hv: +isl=Hvi&sl ~

An indeclinable(DJ) ending inanD

j visarga is dropped andthe Dbecomes DHv: +jcl =Hv jcl ~

The vocative case,mcyOv, of a$

any vowel OR any

soft consonantchanges tojd


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ending noun Hl: +Jvo =HlJ&vo ~D any vowel except

Dis elided

k: +GJ=k GJ~

D any vowel OR anysoft consonant

is elided

yu: + D$=yu D$~l: +isqvl= lisqvl ~

any vowel except

D, Dany vowel OR any

soft consonant

exceptjd

changes intojdcv: +Fl=cvjl ~

any short vowel

except Dj the short vowel

becomes long

YHl: +jpl = YHljpl ~

any vowel

d , sd ,d , d ,ld , LdMd ,


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Name of

the

sandhi

visarga

preceded

by

followed

by

effect example

1.GlJ D: j D j cv:+jL: =cvjL:~D: u D u k:+ uKl=k uKl ~D: J D J s$: +Jol =s$ Jol ~D: i D i M: +ivcd=M ivcd ~D: O D O lp: + Ovcd=lp Ovcd ~D: D D e k: + DH =keH ~

m: + DH =meH ~

2. mlJ D: ld Dmld vc: +l =vcml ~D: d Dd jc: + kl =jckl ~D: d D k: +ld= kld ~

3. lJ G: D Gjd D Yv: + Dcd= Yvjcd ~ G: n Gn& M$:+nqvl=M$n&qvl ~

F: i Fi& cv:+il: =cvi&l: ~

4. uH D: D D D cnv: + Disl =cnvDisl ~

D: F D F jc: + Fsl=jc Fsl ~D: G D G k: +GJ=k GJ ~D: D D D vj: + Dqvl =vj Dqvl ~

yu: + Disvl =yuDisqvl ~

D: i D i oJ: +isqvl=oJ isqvl ~


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Lesson 61 A B C

Faith in the Guru

I've dared to label this lesson 61 ABC because it incorporates a story and a

set of exercises for you as well. To make things easier, I've marked thesandhis bold. Please try and break the sandhis.

ij v ~

Yov vcmjlmljmlk Dc: ~l$j vcx vJmlmc ~DcmHjmjelvl: cvn&mld~ F&Mb Mvlb jcCb JlJjCb JoOv

kwlcmld ~ DvkJL&vml$Ovm nlv&Jmqvlmc ~ l DjmJovdMm$CHv


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JL&v F&MH# vmldFl ~ lovvljb lv lmcld DOkb mnb v ocd ~MMv v: k=l: ldDOkv cC kb pvcd ~ :Y=lnb #$H vvHl

sanskrut lesson 61 - month 16

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