sanjeev ghai irs, sanjev ghai income tax

8/11/2019 sanjeev ghai irs, sanjev ghai income tax

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Ch 20: The Blood

Discuss the composition of blood including thefunctions of the various components

Explain the anatomy and functions of the red blood cells,

including a description of blood typing

Discuss the types of white blood cells found in the bloodand give the functions of each

Give a brief accounting of the platelets

Review hemopoiesis, including RBC andleukocyte formation


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Functions of Blood

Distribution - nutrients, wastes,

hormones, gases, etc.

Self-sealinghemostasis

Disease/ infection fighting


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Blood = connective tissue

extracellularmatrix:

Plasma

specialized cells:

(= Formed elements)

RBCs

WBCs

Plateletscolor ?volume ?


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Plasma Composition

Water 92%

Plasma proteins 7%

Other solutes 1%

Transports organic and

inorganic molecules,

formed elements, and heat


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Plasma Proteins

Albumin (60%)Major contributor to osmoticconcentration of plasma. Transport of lipidsand steroid hormones

Globulins(35%) Transport ions, hormones,lipids; immune function

Fibrinogen(4%) Essential component ofclotting system (conversion to insolublefibrin)

Regulatory proteins(< 1%) ????


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Other Solutes

Electrolytes: Normal extracellularfluid ion composition (????)

Organic nutrients: glucose, FA,AA

Organic wastes: urea, bilirubin


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Difference between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid :

Plasma has more:

Dissolved O2 O2diffuses out into tissue

Dissolved proteins(too big to cross caps.) Albumins

Globulins

globulins

and globulins

Fibrinogen

Simi lar con centrat ion: Sal ts & smal l molecu les


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serum = plasma -

Difference between

plasma and serum?


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. . . . 2 more things:

Most plasma proteins are made in

liver. Exception: ?

Lipoproteins= particles containing

lipids (cholesterol & triglycerids) andproteins (albumins & globulins)


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Formed Elements

Red and WhiteBlood Cells

Platelets

Platelets

WBCs

RBCs

.1%

99.9%


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Formed Elements cont.Why whiteblood cells???


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RBCs = Erythrocytes

Measured by hematocrit or PCV

Most abundantblood cell: 1000RBCs/1 WBC

Contain hemoglobin, carry O2

Very regular shape- biconcave discs

Anucleate: Lifespan ~ 120 daysreplacement rate ~ 3 mio RBCs / sec


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Hemopoiesis = Blood Cell Formation

Hemocytoblasts:One type of stem cell for all blood cells

In red bone marrow

. . . then differentiationinto 4 types ofprogenitor stem cells:

Erythroblast

Myeloblast

Monoblast

Lymphoblast

Fig 20.8

sanjeev ghai irs, sanjev ghai income tax

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