samkaleen bharat (5) - प्राकृतिक वनस्पति तथा वन्य...
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8/13/2019 Samkaleen Bharat (5) -
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izko`Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh
;k vkius dHkh vius Ldwy , ?kj ;k vklikl osQ eS nkuks a es a Hkk¡ fr&Hkk¡fr os Q o`{k , >kfM+ ;k¡ ,
?kkl rFkk if {k;ks a dks ns[kk gS\ D;k og ,d gh iz dkj os Q gS a ;k vy x&vyx rjg os Q gSa \ Hkkjr ,d fo'kky ns'k gSA vr% blesa vki vus d izdkj dh tS o :iksa dh dYiuk dj ldrs gSa A
gekjk ns'k Hkkjr fo'o osQ eq [; 12 tSo fofo/rk okys ns'kksa es a ls , d gSA yxHkx 47,000 fofHkUu tkfr;ksa os Q ikS/s ik, tkus os Q dkj.k ;g ns 'k fo'o es a nloas LFkku ij vkS j ,f'k;k osQ ns 'kks a esa pkSFks LFkku ij gSA Hkkjr esa yxHkx 15,000 iQwyks a os Q ikS/s gSa tks fd fo'o esa iwQyks a os Q i kS/ks a dk 6 iz fr'kr gSA bl ns 'k es a cgqr ls fcuk iwQyks s a os Q ikS/s gS a tS ls fd iQuZ , 'kS oky (,ys xh) rFkk dod (ia QtkbZ ) Hkh ik, tkrs ga SA Hkkjr es a yxHkx 89,000 tkfr; ks a os Q tkuoj rFkk fofHkUu iz dkj dh eNfy;k¡ , rkts rFkk l eq nz h ikuh dh ikbZ tkrh gS a A
iz ko` Qfrd ouLif r dk vFkZ gS fd ouLifr dk og Hkkx , tks fd euq "; dh lgk;rk osQ fcuk vius vki iS nk gks rk gS vkSj ya c s le; rd ml ij ekuoh izHkko ugha iM+ rkA bls v{kr ouLifr dgrs gSa A vr% fofHkUu iz dkj dh o`Qf"ko`Qr iQlysa , iQy vkSj ckxku , ouLifr
dk Hkkx rks gS a ija rq iz ko` Qfrd ouLifr ugha gSA
og ouLifr tks fd ew y:i lsHkkjrh; gS mls ns 'kt* dgrs gS a ys fdu
tks ikS/s Hkkjr os Q ckgj ls vk, gS a mUgas ^fons 'kt ikS/s* dgrs gS a A
ouLifr&txr 'kCn dk vFkZ fdlh fo'ks"k {ks=k esa , fdlh le; es a ikS/ks a dh mRifÙk ls gSA bl rjg iz kf.k
D
txr tkuojks a os Q fo"k; es a crykrk gSA ouLifr rFkk oU; iz kf.k;ks a es a bruh fofo/rk fuEufyf [kr dkj.kks a ls gSA
/jkry Hkw Hkkx
Hkwfe dk ouLifr ij iz R;{k ,oa viz R;{k izHkko iM+rk gSA D;k ioZr , iBkj rFkk eS nku vkS j 'khrks ".k dfVca/ks a es a ,d gh iz dkj dh ouLifr ug ha gks ldrh\ /jkry osQ LoHkko dk ouLifr ij c gq r izHkko iM+ rk gSA mitkmQ Hkw fe ij iz k;% o Qf"k dh tkrh gSA ÅcM++ rFkk vlery Hkw Hkkx ij , taxy rFkk ? kkl os Q eS nku gSa , ftu
es a oU; iz kf.k;ks a dks vkJ; feyr k gSA e`nk
fofHkUu LFkkuks a ij vyx&vyx iz d kj dh e` nk ikbZ tkrh gS, tks fofo/ iz dkj dh ouLifr dk vk/kj gSA e#LFky dh cyq bZ e nk es a oaQVhyh >kfM+ ;k¡ rFkk ufn;ks a os Q Ms YVk {ks =k es s a i.kZ ikrh ou ik, tkrs gS a A i oZ rks a dh <ykuks a es a tgk¡ e` nk dh ijr xgjh gS 'ka oq Q/kjh o u ik, tkrs gS a A
tyok;q
rkieku
ouLifr dh fofo/rk rFkk fo'ks "krk,¡ rkieku vkS j ok;q dh ueh ij Hkh fuHkZ j djrh gS a A fgeky; ioZ r dh <ykuks a rFkk iz k;}hi os Q igkfM+ ;ks a ij 915 ehñ dh mQ¡ pkbZ ls Åij rkieku es a fxjkoV ouLifr os Q iuius vkS j c<+ us dks izHkkfor djrh gS vkS j mls m".k dfVca èkh; ls miks ".k , 'khrks ".k rFkk vYikbu ouLifr;ks a es a ifjofrZ r djrh gSA
5
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ledkyhu Hkkjr 46
vkS j i'kq vks a os Q fy, pkjs dh O;oLFkk os Q dkj.k oU; {ks =k de gks jgk gSA
ifj;kstuk dk; Z
vius Low Qy ;k xyh&eq gYys ess a ou egksRlo dk vk;ks tu djks vkS j o{kks a oQh i kS/ yxkvksA mudh
ns [kHkky djks vkS j ns[kks os oS Qls c<+ rs gS aA
lu~ 2003 es a ouksa dk oq Qy { ks=kiQy 68 yk[k oxZ fdñehñ FkkA Hkkjr os Q cgqr ls H kkx esa ou {ks =k lgh ek;us esa iz ko`Qfrd ugha gSA oqQ N vxE; {ks =kksa dks NksM+ dj tS ls fgeky; vkS j eè; Hkkjr os Q oq QN Hkkx rFkk e#LFky , tgk¡ izko`Qfrd ouL ifr gS, 'ks "k Hkkxks sa esa
euq "; osQ gLr{ksi ls iz ko` Qfrd ouLifr vka f'kd ;k la iw .kZ :i ls ifjo£rr gks pq dh gS ;k fiQj fcYoq Qy fuEu dks fV dh gks xbZ gSA
ifj;kstuk dk; Z fp=k 5-1 es a fn, x, naM vkj s [k dk vè;;u
dhft, vkS j fuEufyf[kr iz 'uks a os Q mÙkj nhft,A
(i) fdl jkT; es a ouks a dk {ks =kiQ y lcls vf/d gS\(ii) fdl os a Qnz 'kkflr iz ns 'k es a o uks a dk {ks =kiQy lcls
de gS vkSj ,s lk D;ks a gS\
lu~ 2001 es a ouks a dk dq y {ks =kiQy Hkkjr ds {ks =kiQy dk 20-55 izfr'kr FkkA
ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k i`Foh ij ikniks a rFkk thoks a dk forj.k eq[;r% tyok;q }kjk fu/kZ fjr gks rk gSA fdlh {ks =k os Q ikniksa dh iz o` Qfr
lw ;Z dk izdk'k
fdlh Hkh LFkku ij l w ;Z osQ izdk'k dk le; , ml LFkku
os Q v{kka'k ,
leq nz r y ls m¡ QpkbZ ,oa Írq ij fuHkZ j djrk gSA iz dk'k vf /d le; rd feyus os Q dkj.k o{k xehZ dh Írq e sa tYnh c<+rs gSa A
fgeky; ioZr dh nf{k.kh <ykuksa ij mÙkjh <ykuksa dh vis{kk T;knk l?ku ouLifr D;ks as gS\
o"kZ .k
Hkkjr esa yxHkx lkjh o"kkZ vkxs c<+ rs gq , nf{k.k&if'peh ekulw u (tw u ls flra cj rd) ,oa ihNs gVrs mÙkj&iwohZ
ekulw u ls gks rh gSA v f/d o"kkZ okys {ks =kksa esa de o"kkZ okys {ks =kksa dh vis{kk l?ku ou ik, tkrs s gSa A
if'peh ?k kV dh if'peh <ykuks a ij iw ohZ <ykuks a dh vis{k k vf/d l?ku ouLifr D;ksa gS\
D;k vkius dHkh lks pk gS fd ou euq "; os Q fy, D;ks a vko';d ga S\ o u uohdj.k ;ks X; la lk/u gS a vkS j okrkj.k dh xq.koÙkk c <+ kus es a eq [; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gS a A ;s LFkkuh; tyok;q , e` nk vijnu rFkk ufn;ks a dh /kjk fu;a f=kr djrs gS a A ;s cgqr lkjs m|ksxksa osQ vk/kj gSa rFkk dbZ leq nk;ksa dks thfodk iz nku djrs gS aA ;s euks je iz ko` Qfrd n` ';ks a osQ dkj.k i;ZVdks a dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSa A ;s iou rFkk rkieku dks fu;af=kr djrs gS a vkS j o"kkZ ykus es a Hkh lgk;rk djrs gS aA buls e`nk dks thok'e feyrk gS vkSj oU; iz kf.k;ks a dks vkJ;A
Hkkjrh; iz ko` Qfrd ouLifr esa dbZ dkj.kks a ls cgqr cnyko vk;k gS tS ls fd o`Qf"k osQ fy, vfèkd {ks =k dh ek¡ x , m|ks xks a dk fodkl , 'kgjhdj.k dh ifj;kstuk,¡
lkj.kh 5-1 % ouLifr [ka Mksa os Q rkieku dh fo'ks"krk,¡
ouLifr [kaM vkS lr okf"kZ d tuojh esa vkSlr fVIi.kh rkieku (fMxzh ls ú) rkieku (fMxzh lsú)
m".k 24ú lsú ls vf/d 18ú lsú ls vf/d dksbZ ikyk ugha
miks ".k 17ú lsú ls 24ú lsú 10ú lsú ls 18ú lsú ikyk dHkh&dHkh
'khr ks".k 7ú lsú ls 17ú lsú &1ú lsú ls (&10)ú lsú dHkh ikyk dHkh ciZQ
vYikbu 7ú lsú de &1ú lsú de ciZ Q
Ïks r % Hkkjr dk i;kZ oj.k ,Vyl , tw u 2001, os aQnzh; iznw"k.k fu;a=k.k cks MZ , fnYYkh
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izko` Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh 47
dkiQh gn rd ml {ks =k osQ iz k.kh thou dks izHkkfor djrh gSA tc ouL ifr cny tkrh gS rks izk.kh thou Hkh cny tkrk gSA f dlh Hkh {ks=k osQ ikni rFkk izk.kh vkil esa rFkk viu s HkkS frd i;kZoj.k ls varla Zcaf/r
gks rs gS a vkS j ,d ikfj fLFkfrd ra =k dk fuekZ .k djrs gS aA euq"; Hkh bl ikfjfLF kfrd ra =k dk vfofPNUu Hkkx gSA ekuo oS Qls fdlh LFkk u os Q ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k dks izHkkfor djrk gS\ euq"; , oU ; thou vkSj ouLifr dks vius ykHk osQ fy, iz;ks x djrk gSA euq "; vius ykyp os Q dkj.k bu lalk/uksa dk vf/dre iz ;ksx djrk gSA og o{kksa dks dkV dj vkS j tkuojksa dks ekj dj ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k es sa vla rqyu iS n k djrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i oq QN iz tkfr;ksa osQ foyqIr gks us dk Hk; gksrk gSA
D;k vki tkurs gS a fd /jkry ij ,d fof'k"V izdkj dh ouLifr ;k izk.kh thou okys fo'kky ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k dks thokse* (Biome) dgrs gS a A thoks e dh igpku ikni ij vk/kfjr gks rh gSA
ouLifr os Q iz dkj gekjs ns'k es a fuEu iz dkj dh izko Qfrd ouLifr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh ga S (fp=k 5-3)A
fp=k 5-1 % ouks a dk {ks=k iQy Ïksr % Hkkjr dk i;kZ oj.k ,Vyl , tw u 200 2 , osa Qnzh; iznw"k.k fu;a =k.k cks MZ
fp=k 5-2 % m".k dfVca/h; lnkcgkj ou
(i) m".k dfVca /h; lnkcgkj o u m".k dfVca /h; i.kZikrh ou m".k dfVca /h; oa QVhys ou rFkk >kfM+ ;k¡ ioZ rh; ou
eS axz kso ou
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ledkyhu Hkkjr 48
ekufp=k dks ns [kdj irk yxk, fd oq QN jkT;ks a es a ouks a dk foLrkj vf/d D;ksa gS \ fp=k 5-3 % izko`Qfrd ouLifr
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izko` Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh 49
m".k dfVca /h; o"kkZ ou
;s ou if'peh ?kkVksa osQ vf/d o"kkZ okys {ks=kksa ,
y{k}hi ,
va Meku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewgksa ,
vle os Q Åijh Hkkxks a rFkk rfeyukMq osQ rV rd lhfer gSa A ;s mu {ks =kks a es a Hkyh&Hkk¡ fr fodflr gS a tgk¡ 200 lsñehñ lsvf/d o"kkZ osQ lkFk ,d FkksM+ s le; osQ fy, 'kq "d Írq ikbZ tkrh gSA bu ouksa esa o{k 60 ehñ ;k bllsvf/d mQ¡ pkbZ rd igq ¡ prs gS aA pw¡ fd ;s {ks =k o"kZ Hkj xeZ rFkk vknz Z jgrs gS a vr% ;gk¡ gj iz dkj dh ouLifr & o`{k , >kfM+ ;k¡ o yrk,¡ mxrh gS a vkS j ouks a es a budh fofHkUu Å¡ pkbZ ;ks a ls dbZ Lrj ns [kus dks feyrs gS a A o{kks a
es a ir>M+ gks us dk d ks bZ fuf'pr le; ugha gks rkA vr% ;g ou lky Hkj gj s&Hkjs yxrs gS a A bu ouks a es a ik, tkus okys O;kikfjd egÙo os Q oq QN
o{k vkcuw l (,cks u h), egks xuh , jks ”koq M , jcM+ vkS j ¯ldks uk gS a A
bu ouks a es a lkek U; :i ls ik , tkus okys tkuoj gkFkh , ca nj , yS ew j v kS j fgj.k gS a A ,d lha x okys xS a Ms,vle vkS j if'peh c a xky os Q nynyh {ks =k es a feyrs gS a A blos Q vfrfjDr bu ta xyks a es a dbZ iz dkj os Q i{kh ,
pexknM+ rFkk dbZ js a xus okys tho Hkh ik, tkrs gS a A
m".k dfVca /h; i. kZ ikrh ou
;s Hkkjr esa lcls c M+ s {ks =k es a iS Qys gq , ou gS a A bUgs a ekulw uh ou Hkh dgr s gS a vkS j ;s mu {ks =kks a es a foLr` r gS a tgk¡ 70 lsñehñ ls 200 lsñehñ rd o"kkZ gksrh gSA bl iz dkj osQ ouksa es a o`{ k 'kq"d xz h"e ½rq esa N% ls vkB lIrkg os Q fy, viu h ifÙk;k¡ fxjk ns rs gS aA
ty dh miyfC/ os Q vk/kj ij bu ouks a dks vknz Z
rFkk 'kq "d i.kZ ikrh ouks a es a foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA bues a ls vknz Z ;k ue i.kZ ikrh ou mu {ks =kks a es a ik, tkrs gS a tgk¡ 100 lsñehñ 200 lsñehñ rd o"kkZ gks rh gSA vr% ,s ls ou ns 'k os Q iw ohZ Hkkxks a , mÙkjh&iw ohZ jkT;ks a , fgeky; os Q fxfjin iz ns 'kks a , >kj[ka M , if'peh mM+ hlk , NÙkhlx<+ rFkk if'peh ?kkVks a os Q iw ohZ <kyks a es a ik, tkrs gS a A lkxks u bu ouks a dh lcls iz eq [k iz tkfr gSA ck¡ l , lky , 'kh'ke , pa nu , joS j , oq Qlq e , vtq Z u rFkk 'kgrw r os Q o{k O;kikfjd egÙo okyh
iz tkfr;k¡ gS a A 'kq "d i.kZ ikrh ou mu {ks =kks a es a ik, tkrs gS a tgk¡ o"kkZ
70 lsñehñ ls 100 lsñehñ os Q c hp gks rh gSA ;s ou iz k;}hih; iBkj os Q ,s ls o"kkZ okys {ks =kks a , mÙkj iz ns 'k rFkk fcgkj os Q eS nkuks a es a ik, tkrs gS aA foLr` r {ks =kks a es a iz k;% lkxks u , lky , ihiy rFkk uhe os Q o{k mxrs gS a A bu {ks =kks a os Q cgq r cM+ s Hkkx o` Qf"k dk;Z esa iz ;ks x gs rq lkiQ dj fy, x, gS a vkS j oq QN Hkkxks a es a i 'kq pkj.k Hkh gks rk gSA
bu ta xyks a es a ik, tkus okys t kuoj iz k;% lg , 'ks j ,
lw vj , fgj.k vkS j gkFkh gS a A fof o/ iz dkj os Q i{kh , fNidyh , lk¡ i vkS j dNq , Hkh ; gk¡ ik, tkrs gS a A
oaQVhys ou rFkk >kfM+;k¡
ftu {ks =kksa es a 70 lsñehñ ls de o"kkZ gks rh gS, ogk¡ iz ko` Qfrd ouLifr es a oaQVhys ou r Fkk >kfM+ ;k¡ ikbZ tkrh
fp=k 5-5% da Vhys ou rFkk >kfM+;k¡
fp=k 5-4% m".k dfVca/h; i.kZikrh ou
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ledkyhu Hkkjr 50
fp=k 5-7% eSa xzks o ou
fp=k 5-6% ioZ rh; ou
gS a A bl iz dkj dh ouLifr ns 'k os Q mÙkjh&if'peh Hkkxks a es a ikbZ tkrh gS ftues a xq tjkr , jktLFkku , NÙkhlx<+, eè; iz ns 'k , mÙkj iz ns 'k rFkk gfj;k.kk os Q v/Z 'kq "d {ks =k
lfEefyr gS a A vdkfl;k , [ktw j (ike), ;w i+ Qks jfc;k rFkk ukxi+ Quh (oS QDVkbZ ) ;gk¡ dh eq [; ikni iz tkfr;k¡ gS aa A bu ouks a os Q o{k fc[kjs gq , gks rs gS aA budh tM+ s a ya ch rFkk ty dh ryk'k es a pkjks a vksj iS Qyh gks rh gS a A ifÙk;k¡ iz k;% Nks Vh gks rh gS a ftuls ok"ihdj.k de ls de gks losQA 'kq "d Hkkxks a es a >kfM+;k¡ vkS j oa QVhys ikni ik, tkrs gS a A
bu ta xyks a es a iz k;% pw gs, [kjxks 'k , ykseM+ h , Hks fM+ , , 'ks j , ¯lg , ta xyh x/ k , ?kks M+ s rFkk Å¡ V ik, tkrs gS a A
ioZ rh; ou
ioZ rh; {ks=kks a esa rk ieku dh deh rFkk Å¡pkbZ osQ lkFk&lkFk iz ko` Qfrd ouLifr es a Hkh va rj fn[kkbZ ns rk gSA ouLifr es a ftl iz d kj dk va rj ge m".k dfVca /h; iz ns 'kks a ls Vq a Mª k dh v ks j ns [krs gS a mlh iz dkj dk va rj ioZ rh; Hkkxks a es a Å¡ pk bZ os Q lkFk&lkFk ns [kus dks feyrk gSA 1,000 ehñ ls 2,000 ehñ rd dh Å¡ pkbZ okys {ks=kksa es a vknz Z 'khrks ".k dfV ca /h; ou ik, tkrs gS a A bues a pkS M+ h
iÙkh okys vks d rFkk psLVuV tS ls o{kks a dh izèkkurk gks rh gSA 1,500 ls 3,000 ehñ dh Å¡ pkbZ os Q chp 'ka oq Qèkkjh o`{k tS ls phM+ (ik bu), ns onkj , flYoj&iQj , Liz w l , lhMj vkfn ik, tk rs gS a A ;s ou iz k;% fgeky; dh
nf{k.kh <ykuks a , nf{k.k vkS j mÙkj&iw oZ Hkkjr ds vfèkd Å¡ pkbZ okys Hkkxks a es a ik, tkrs gS a a A vf/d Å¡ pkbZ ij iz k;% 'khrks ".k dfVcaèkh; ?kkl osQ eS nku ik, tkrs gS a A
iz k;% 3,600 ehñ ls vf/d Å¡ pkbZ ij 'khrks ".k dfVca /h; ouks a rFkk ?kkl os Q eS nkuksa dk LFkku vYikbu ouLifr ys ys rh gSA flYoj&iQj , tw fuij , ikbu o cpZ bu ouks a os Q eq [; o{k gS a A tS ls&tS ls fgejs[kk os Q fudV igq ¡ prs gS a bu o{kka s a os Q vkdkj Nks Vs gks rs tkrs gS a A va rr% >kfM+ ;ks a os Q :i os Q ckn os vYikbu ?kkl os Q eS nkuksa esa foyhu gks tkrs gS a a A budk mi;ks x xqTtj rFkk cDdjoky tS lh ?kqeDdM+ tkfr;ks a }kjk i'kqpkj.k os Q fy, fd;k tkrk gSA vf/d Å¡ pkbZ okys Hkkxks a es a ekW l , fypu ?kkl ,
Va q Mª k ouLifr dk ,d Hkkx gSA bu ouks a es a iz k;% d'ehjh e gke` x , fprjk fgj.k ,
ta xyh Hks M+, [kjxks 'k , frCcrh; c kjg¯l?kk , ;kd , fge rs a nq vk , fxygjh , jhN , vkbcS Dl , dgha &dgha yky ika Mk , ?kus ckyks a okyh Hks M+ rFkk cdfj; k¡ ikbZ tkrh gS a A
eSaxzks o ou
;g ouLifr rVorhZ ; {ks =kks a es a tgk¡ Tokj&HkkVk vkrs gS a , dh lcls egÙoiw .kZ ouLifr gSA feV~ Vh vkS j ckyw bu rVks a ij ,df=kr gks tkrh gSA ?kus eS a xz ks o ,d iz dkj dh ouLifr gS ftles a ikS/ks a dh tM+ s a ikuh es a Mw ch jgrh gS a A xa xk , cz ãiq =k , egkunh , xks nkojh , o`Q".kk rFkk dkos jh
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izko` Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh 51
ufn;ksa osQ MsYVk Hkkx esa ;g ouLifr feyrh gSA xa xk&cz ãiq=k Ms YVk es a lq a njh o{k ik, tkrs gS a ftuls etcw r ydM+ h iz kIr gks rh gSA ukfj;y , rkM+, D;ks M+k , oa ,a s xkj os Q o`{k Hkh bu Hkkxks a es a ik, tkrs gS aA
bl {ks =k dk jkW ;y ca xky Vkbxj iz fl¼ tkuoj gSA blos Q vfrfjDr dNq , , exjePN , ?kfM+ ;ky ,oa dbZ iz dkj os Q lk¡ i Hkh bu ta xyks a es a feyrs gS a A
Ïksr % esMhfluy IykWV] MWkñ , lñ osQñ tSu] ik¡ pok¡ laLdj.k] 1994] us 'kuy cqd VªLV vkW iQ ba fM;k
vkvks fopkj djsa % ;fn ouLifr vkSj tkuoj /jrh ls vn`'; gks tk ,¡\ D;k euq"; mu
voLFkkvksa esa thfor jg ik,xk\ tSo fofoèkrk D;k sa vfuok;Z gS vk Sj bldk laj{k.k D;k sa vko';d gS\
oU; izk.kh ouLifr dh Hkk¡fr gh , Hkkjr fofHkUu izdkj dh izk.kh laifÙk esa Hkh /uh gSA ;gk¡ thoksa dh 89,000 iztkfr;k¡ feyrh gSaA ns'k esa 1,200 ls vf/d if{k;ksa dh iztkfr;k¡ ikbZ
tkrh gSaA ;g oqQy fo'o dk 13 izfr'kr gSA ;gk¡ eNfy;ksa dh 2,500 iztkfr;k¡ gSa tks fo'o dh yxHkx 12 izfr'kr gSA Hkkjr esa fo'o osQ 5 ls 8 izfr'kr rd mHk;pjh , ljhl i rFkk Lru/kjh tkuoj Hkh ik, tkrs gS a A
Lruèkkjh tkuojks a es a gkFkh lcls vf/d egÙoiw .kZ gSA ;s vle , dukZ Vd vkS j os Qjy os Q m".k rFkk vknz Z ouksa esa ik, tkrs gS a A ,d lha x okys xS a Ms vU; tkuoj gS a
vkS "k/h; ikni
Hkkjr iz kphu le; ls vius elkyks a rFkk tM+ h&cwfV;ks a os Q fy, fo[;kr jgk gSA vk;qosZ n es a yxHkx 2,000 ikniks a dk o.kZu gS
vkS j de ls de 500 rks fujarj iz ;ks x es a vkrs jgs gSa A fo'o la j{k.k la?k* us yky lw ph osQ va rxZr 352 ikniksa dh x.kuk dh gS ftles a ls 52 ikni vfr la dVxz Lr gSa vkS j 49 ikniksa dks fou"V gksus dk [krjk gSA Hkkjr esa iz k;% vkS "kf/ os Q fy, iz ;ks x gksus okys oqQN fuEufyf[kr ikni gSa %
liZxa/k : ;g jDrpki os Q funku osQ fy, iz ;ks x gks rk gS vkSj osQoy Hkkjr es a gh ik;k tkrk gSA tkeq u : iosQ gq , iQy ls fljdk cuk;k tkrk gS tks fd ok;q lkjh vkS j ew =ko/Z d gS vkS j bles a ikpu 'kfDr osQ Hkh xq .k
gS aA cht dk cuk;k gq vk ikmMj e/qes g (Diabetes) jksx es a lgk;rk djrk gSAvtq Z u : rkts iÙkks a dk fudkyk gqvk jl dku osQ nnZ os Q bykt es a lgk;rk djrk gSA ;g jDrpki dh fu;ferk os Q
fy, Hkh ykHknk;d gSA ccw y : blds iÙks vk¡ [k dh iq a Qlh os Q fy, ykHknk;d gS a a A blls iz kIr xksa n dk iz ;ks x 'kkjhfjd 'kfDr dh o` f¼ osQ fy,
g ksrk gSA uhe : t S o vkS j thok.kq izfrjks/d gSA
rq ylh ikni : t q dke vkS j [kk¡lh dh nok es a bldk iz ;ks x gksrk gSA dpukj : i QksM+k (vYlj) o nek jksxksa osQ fy, iz ;ks x gks rk gSA bl ikS/s dh tM+ vkSj dyh ikp u 'kfDr es a lgk;rk
djrh gSA
vius {ks=k os Q vkS"k/h; ikniks a dh igpku djksA dkSu&ls ikS/s vkS"kf/ osQ fy, iz ;ks x gks rs gS a vkS j ml LFkku osQ yksx mudk dkS u&lh chekfj;ks a osQ fy, iz ;ks x djrs gS aA izko` Qfrd ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k euq "; osQ thou os Q fy, vfuok;Z gSA D;k ;g la Hko gS fd izko` Qfrd i;kZo j.k dk fuja rj gksrk tk jgk fouk'k jksdk tk losQ\
fØ;kdyki% D; k vki fp=k ns [kdj crk ldrs gSa fd ;g fdl iz dkj dk ou gS\ b l fp=k esa vki fdrus iz dkj osQ o`{kksa dks igpku ldrs gS a\ vius {ks= k esa ikbZ tkus okyh ouLifr rFkk bl ouLifr es a
vki fdl iz dkj dh lekurk@vlekurk ikrs gS aA
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ledkyhu Hkkjr 52
fp=k 5-8% oU; izk.kh fup;
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izko` Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh 53
tks if'peh ca xky rFkk vle os Q nynyh {ks =kks a es a jgrs gS a A dPN os Q ju rFkk Fkkj e#LFky es a Øe'k% ta xyh xèks rFkk Å¡V jgrs gaSA Hkkjrh; HkS a lk , uhy xk; , pkS ¯l?kk ,
Nks Vk e` x (xS ty) rFkk fofHkUu iz tkfr;ks a okys fgj.k vkfn oqQN vU; tkuoj gS a tks Hkkjr esa ik, tkrs gS a A ;gk¡ canjks a dh Hkh vus d iz tkfr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gS a A
• Hkkjr tho lq j{kk vf/fu;e lu~ 1972 es a ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA
Hkkjr fo'o dk vosQyk ns 'k gS tgk¡ 'ksj rFkk ck?k nks uks a ik, tkrs gS a A Hkkjrh; 'ksjks a dk iz ko` Qfrd okl LFky xq tjkr es a fxj ta xy gSA ck?k eè; iz ns 'k rFkk >kj[ka M
os Q ouks a , if'peh ca xk y os Q lq a njou rFkk fgeky;h {ks =kks a
ifj;kstuk dk;Z (i) mijks Dr lekpkj i=kks a ds va 'kks a esa dk S u&ls lekpkj egÙoiw.kZ izrhr gks rs gSa \(ii) bl izdkj dh ladVxz Lr iz tkfr;ksa dh vkS j lw puk, lekpkj i=k vkS j if=kdkvks a ls ,d=k dhft,A(iii) Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk buos Q laj{k.k ds fy, mBk, x, dneks a ds fo"k; es a tkudkjh iz kIr dhft,A(iv ) vki la dVxz Lr tkuoj vkS j if{k;ksa dks cpkus os Q fy, D;k lgk;rk dj ldrs gS a \
esa ik, tkrs gS a A fcYyh tkfr os Q lnL;ksa es a ra s nq vk Hkh gSA ;g f'kdkjh tkuojks a es a eq [; gSA
fgeky;h {ks =kks a es a ik, tkus okys tkuoj vis{kko`Qr
dBks j tyok;q dks lgu djus okys gks rs gS a tks vR;fèkd Ba M es a Hkh thfor jgrs gS a a A yík[k dh ciQhZ yh Å¡ pkb;ks a esa ;kd ik, tkrs gS a tks xq PNs nkj lha xks okyk cS y tS lk tho gS ftldk Hkkj yxHkx ,d Vu gks rk gSA frCcrh; ckjg¯l?kk , Hkkjy (uhyh Hks M+), ta xyh Hks M+ rFkk fd;ka x (frCcrh ta xyh xèks) Hkh ;gk¡ ik, tkrs gS a A dgha &dgha yky ika Mk Hkh oq QN Hkkxks a es a feyrs gS a A
ufn;ks a , >hyks a rFkk leq nz h {ks =k ks a es a dNq , , exjePN vkS j ?kfM+ ;ky ik, tkrs gS a A ?kf M+ ;ky , exjePN dh
iz tkfr dk ,d ,s lk iz frfuf/ gS tks fo'o es a os Qoy Hkkjr es a ik;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr es a vus d ja x&fcja xs i{ kh ik, tkrs gS aA eks j , cÙk[k , rksrk , eS uk , lkjl rFkk d cw rj vkfn oq QN i{kh iz tkfr;k¡ gS a tks ns 'k os Q ouks a rFkk vknz Z {ks =kks a es a jgrh gS aa A
D;k vki tkurs gS a ,f'k;kbZ 'ks j osQoy xq tjkr osQ fxj ta xyks a es a ik, tkrs gS a A
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ledkyhu Hkkjr 54
ca xky), ua nkns oh (mÙkjk[k.M), e kj dh [kkM+ h (rfeyukMq )vkS j uhyfxjh (os Qjy , dukZ Vd , rFkk rfeyukMq ) dh x.kuk fo'o os Q tho ea My fu p; es a dh xbZ gSA
pkSng tho eaMy fup; (vkjf{kr {ks =k)
• lq a njou • fleyhik y
• eÂkj dh [kkM+h • fngka x fn ckax
• uhyfxjh • fMcz q lkb doks ok
• uankns oh • vxLR;e ykbZ
• ukdjs d • oa Qputq a xk
• xz s V fudks ckj • ia pe<+ h
• ekul • vpude j&vejoa QVd
(ii) lu~ 1992 ls ljdkj }kjk ik ni m|kuks a dks foÙkh; rFkk rduhdh lgk;rk ns us dh ;ks tuk cukbZ gSA
'ks j la j{k.k , xS aMk la j{k.k , Hkkj rh; HkS lk la j{k.k rFkk ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k os Q la rq yu os Q fy, dbZ ;ks tuk,¡ cukbZ xbZ gS a A
89 us 'kuy ikoZ Q , 490 oU; iz k.kh vHk;ou vkS j dbZ fpfM+ ;k?kj jk"Vª dh ikni vkS j tho la ifÙk dh j{kk os Q fy, cuk, x, gS a A
ge lHkh dks viuh vfr thfork os Q fy, iz ko` Qfrd ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k os Q egRo dks le>uk pkfg,A ;g rc la Hko gS tc iz ko` Qfrd i;kZ oj.k dk va èkfouk'k rRdky lekIr dj fn;k tk,A
geus viuh iQl ys a tS o&fofoèk i;kZ oj.k ls pq uh gS ;kfu [kkus ;ks X; ikS/ks a os Q fup; lsA geus cgq r lsvkS "kf/ ikniks a dk iz ; ks x dj mudk pq uko fd;k gSA nw / ns us okys i'kq Hkh iz o` Qfr }kjk fn, cgq r lkjs tkuojks a es a ls pq us x, gS a A tkuo j ges a cks >k <ks us, o Qf"k dk;Z rFkk ;krk;kr os Q lk/u os Q :i es a enn djrs gS a A buls ek¡ l , ,oa va Ms Hkh iz kIr g ksrs gS a A eNyh ls ikS f"Vd vkgkj feyrk gSA cgq r ls dhM+ s&edkS M+ s iQlyks a , iQyksa vkS j o{kks a os Q ijkx.k es a e nn djrs gS a vkS j gkfudkjd dhM+ ks a
ij tS fod fu;a =k.k j[k rs gS a A iz R;s d iz tkfr dk ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k es a ;ks xnku gSA v r% mudk la j{k.k vfuok;Z gSA tS lk igys crk;k x;k gS f d euq ";ks a }kjk ikniks a vkS j thoks a os Q vR;fèkd mi;ksx os Q dkj.k ikfjLFkfrd ra =k vla rq fyr gks x;k gSA yxHkx 1,300 ikni iz tkfr;k¡ la dV es a gS a rFkk 20 iz tkfr;k¡ fou "V gks pq dh gS a A dkiQh oU; thou iz tkfr;k¡ Hkh ladV e sa gS a vkS j oq QN fou"V gks pq dh gS a A
ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k o s Q vla rq yu dk eq [; dkj.k ykyph O;kikfj;ks a dk vius O;olk; os Q fy, vR;fèkd f'kdkj djuk gSA jklk;fud vkS j vkS |ks fxd vof'k"V rFkk rs T + kkch teko osQ dkj.k iz nw "k.k , fons 'kh iz tkfr;ks a dk iz os 'k , o` Qf"k rFkk fuokl os Q fy, ouks a dh va èkkèkqu dVkbZ ikfjfLFkfrd ra =k os Q vla rq yu dk dkj.k gS a a A
vius ns 'k dh ikni vkS j tho la ifÙk dh lq j{kk os Q fy, ljdkj us dbZ dne mBk, gS a %
(i ) ns 'k es a pkS ng tho ea My fup; (vkjf{kr {ks =k) LFkkfir fd, x, gS a A bues a ls pkj lq a njou (if'pe
izoklh i{kh
Hkkjr osQ oqQN nynyh Hkkx izoklh if{k;ksa osQ fy,
izfl¼ gS A 'khr ½rq es a lkbcs fj;u lkjl cgq r la [;k es a ;gk¡ vkrs gS aA bu if{k;ks a dk ,d euiLka n LFkku dPN dk ju gSA ftl LFkku ij e#Hkw fe leq nz ls feyrh gS ogk¡ yky lq a nj dyaxh okyh ÝyS exks , gtkjks a dh la[;k es a vkrh gS a vkS j [kkjs dhpM+ osQ <sj cukdj muesa ?kks a lys cukrh gS vkS j cPpksa dks ikyrh gSA ns'k esa vus dksa n'kZ uh; n`';ks a es a ls ;g Hkh ,d gS A D;k ;g gekjh dherh /jks gj ugha gS\
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izko` Qfrd ouLifr rFkk oU; izk.kh 55
1. oSdfYid iz'u (i ) jcM+ dk laca / fdl iz dkj dh ouLifr ls gS\
(d) Vq a Mª k ([k) fgeky; (x) eS a xzks o (?k) m".k dfVca /h; o"kkZ ou
(ii) fludksuk os Q o{k fdruh o"kkZ okys {ks=k es a ik, tkrs gSa \(d) 100 lsúehú ([k) 70 lsúehú(x) 50 lsúehú (?k) 50 lsúehú ls de o"kkZ
(iii) fleyhiky tho eaMy fup; dkS u&ls jkT; es a fLFkr gS\(d) iatkc ([k) fnYyh (x ) mM+ hlk (?k) if'pe ca xky
(iv) Hkk jr os Q dkSu&ls tho eaMy fup; fo'o os Q tho eaMy fup;ks a es a fy, x, gSa \
( d) ekul ([k) eÂkj dh [kkM+h (x ) uhyfxjh (?k) ua nkns oh
2. la f{kIr mÙkj okys iz 'u %(i) ik fjfLFkfrd ra =k fdls dgrs gS a\(ii) Hkk jr esa ikniks a rFkk thoks a dk forj.k fdu rÙoks a }kjk fu/kZ fjr gksrk gS\(iii) t ho eaMy fup; ls D;k vfHkiz k; gS , dks bZ nks mnkgj.k nksA(iv) d ksbZ nks oU; izkf.k;ksa osQ uke crkb, tks fd m".k dfVca/h; o"kkZ vkS j ioZrh; ouLif r ea s feyrs gS aA
3. fuEufyf [kr es a va rj dhft, %(i ) ou Lifr txr rFkk izk.kh txr (ii) l nkcgkj vkS j i.kZ ikrh ou
4. Hkkjr es a fofHkUu iz dkj dh ikbZ tkus okyh ouLifr os Q uke crk,¡ vkS j vfèkd Å¡ pkbZ ij ikbZ tkus okyh ouLifr dk C;kSjk nhft,A5. Hkkjr esa cgq r la [;k es a tho vkS j ikni iz tkfr;k¡ la dVxz Lr gS a & mnkgj.k lfgr dkj.k nhft ,A6. Hkkjr o uLifr txr rFkk iz k.kh txr dh /jksgj es a èkuh D;ksa gS\
ekufp=k dkS 'ky
Hkkjr osQ ekufp=k ij fuEufyf[kr fn[kk,¡ vkS j va fdr djsa (i) m ".k dfVca /h; o"kkZ ou (ii) m ".k dfVca/h; i.kZ ikrh ou
(iii) nks tho eaMy fup; Hkkjr osQ mÙkjh, nf{k.kh, iwohZ vkS j if'peh Hkkxksa es aA
ifj;kstuk dk;Z
(i) vius iM+ ks l es a ik, tkus okys oqQN vkS "kf/ ikni dk irk yxk,¡A(ii) fdUgha nl O;olk;ks a os Q uke Kkr djks ftUgs a ta xy vkS j ta xyh tkuojks a ls dPpk eky iz kIr gks rk gSA(iii) oU; iz kf.k;ksa dk egÙo crkrs gq , ,d i|ka 'k ;k x|ka 'k fyf[k,A(iv) o{kksa dk egÙo crkrs gq, ,d uq DdM+ ukVd dh jpuk djks vksj mldk vius xyh&eq gYys es a eapu
djksA(v) vius ;k vius ifjokj osQ fdlh Hkh lnL; os Q tUefnu ij fdlh Hkh ikS/s dks yxkb, vkS j ns f[k, fd
og oSQls cM+k gksrk gS vkS j fdl ekSle es a tYnh c<+ rk gS\
vH;kl