Salmo trutta

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Genus Salmo

SPECIESSalmo carpio

SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] trutta

SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] marmoratus

SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] macrostigma

SPECIESSalmo trutta

GENUSSalmo

GENUSSalvelinus

GENUSOnchorynchus

FAMILYSalmonidae

?Atlantic Strain

Mediterranean Strain

By the Courtesy of Prof. G. Forneris

TaxonomyKingdom: Animalia

Phylum: ChordataSubphylum: Vertebrata

Superclass: Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Class: Actinopterygii (spiny rayed fishes)

Subclass: NeopterygiiInfraclass: Teleostei

Superorder: ProtacanthopterygiiOrder: Salmoniformes

Family: SalmonidaeSubfamily: Salmoninae

Genus: Salmo Linnaeus, 1758Species: Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758

Trout and ParasitesAcanthocephala: Acanthocephalus clavula, Neoechinorhynchus rutili,

Pomphorhynchus laevisCestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, Eubothrium crassum and E.salvelini,

Proteocephalus longicollis Ectoparasitic: Argulus coregoni, Caligus elongatus, Lepeophtheirus salmonisMonogeneans: Gyrodactylus derjavini, truttae and G. salaris Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Raphidascaris

acusTrematoda:Crepidostomum farionis, C. metoecus

Fungi: Ichthyophonus hoferi spores

Links

Taxonomy browser, NCBIFish BaseIntegrated Taxonomy Information System , ITISIstituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR-ISECenter for Fish Disease Research, Oregon State University

Salmo trutta fario

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Morphology

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Max. Length: 1 m (adultsfor reproduction). 30-50 cm in natural habitatsMax. Weight: 20.0 kgMax. Age: 5 years

Body fusiform, mouth in terminal position, with well developed teeth.Many different colours, mainly silver-grey, spotted on flanks and head. Spots red, or brown, or black.Fins: 1 caudal, 2 dorsal, 1 anal. Paired: 2 pectoral, 2 pelvic.Diagnostic: Caudal fin with 18 to 20 soft rays.Vertebrae: 56-59.

Habitat and feedingHabitat: demersal; non-migratory; freshwater. Often found in fast-flowing streams of mountain and sub-mountainous regions andsometimes even valleys. Even in brackish and marine waters. Temperature: 2-16°C.Distribution: southward to southern Norway; Iceland; southern Greenland. Frequent on Italian Alps in natural habitats. Populationsare mostly introduced or hybrid.Feeding: Feeds on benthic invertebrates, insect larvae,aerial insects (in rivers) and molluscs. In addition, adults consume fish and frogs. Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Torrente a flusso veloce, Provincia di Torino,Italy

Reproduction

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Reproduction: dioecism, external fertilization.Spawning : 1500-2000 eggs/Kg body weight, once per year, later in autumn and at the beginning of winter. Eggs: spherical, 4-6 mm in diameter, orange. White ifnon fertilized.Hatching: at 10°C, 41 days after

spawning.Sexual maturity: at 3-5 years.

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Salmo trutta fario (adapted to lacustrine habitat)

MorphologyMax. Length: 40-50 cm (over 1 m in intensive aquaculture).Max. weight: 15 Kg.

Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi

Body fusiform, but shorter than in the previous subspecies. Colour: blue-green on upper part of body, silver-grey and spottedon flanks. Spots are quite dark, or blackish, sometimes X shaped. Other features are similar to those previously described.

Habitat and feeding.

Habitat: pelagic, anadromous.Prefers cold, well-oxygenated upland waters and large streams in the prealpine areas. Species is pelagic, with seasonal migration at different depths.Feeding: Juveniles feed mainly on zooplankton andterrestrial insects; adults onmollusks, crustaceans andsmall fishes.

Foto

: A.G

.Cat

tane

o

Reproduction

Deposition: 1600-2700 eggs/Kg body weight, once per year, later in autumn until early winter, in tributaryrivers (“homing”). Female with its caudalfin buries a nest, in which eggs are spawned before nest isclosed. Sexual maturity isreached at 4-7 years(earlier in male). Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi