safety management and emergency response in...

C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7

Safety Management and Emergency Response in Mining

Dr. Ashim K Sinha

Dy. Director General

SEZ, DGMS, Ranchi

Directorate General of Mines Safety

Designed by Medha Basu Presented by Lokesh K Ray


Mining – A Hazardous Industry Worldwide

1% of World Employment

7% of Fatalities

• 41% Fatalities due to Fire & Explosion But only 15.47% incidences

• 25% Fatalities due to inundation But only 12.23% incidences

• 26.35 % fatalities due to roof / side fall But 57.55% incidences

You may ponder over the ‘paradox’


Top OHS Concerns of the Indian Mining Industry as Gleaned from Recommendations of the 11th National Safety Conference 2013 & Standing Committee of Safety in Coal Mines

TIER I

The mining industry is now talking the language of Modern OHS

R&D Safety Budget

Shortage of Statutory M.P.

Training: • Modern V.T. • Union Reps. • Animation

Contractors: • Work permit • Safety as KPI • Penalty for non-

compliance • SOP’s

Occupational Health: • PME • Noise Mapping • Vibration • Ergonomics

TIER II • Safety Audit • Electrical Safety • Local test facilities for high risk P&M

PPE: • Quality Fire Hazard: • Fire Risk Rating

Design Safety: • Planning

stage • Techno-

logy enabled

Fatalities • Rising Trend

Safety Management System: • SMP • Risk

Assessment • Emergency

Response Plan

Unorg. Sector: Mn, Asbestos, Mica: encourage associations


Ref. Annual Report 2016 2017 MOC

Coal Mining – Some Interesting Facts

Note that the death rate has levelled off at around 0.22 since 2000


Fatality rate in coal and non-coal mines per 1000 persons employed


Coal Mining – More Statistics

Note the jump in fatalities

Ref. Annual Report 2016 2017 MOC


Coal Mining – More Statistics


The Philosophy of Legislative Intervention

Traditional OHS legislation has been prescriptive

Reactive - Lags behind technology & the workplace Negative Philosophy – abide by the letter not the spirit Enforcement is wanting due to lack of inspectors

Jan Oberholzer of Simtars worked out a system suited to Indian conditions

Self Regulatory Core

Responsive Prescriptory Regime

Regulators audit based on C.O.P., Standards, Safety Management Plan.

Deviations from SMP & Regulatory violations Pointed out. Improvements suggested


• Based on the act

• Driven by legislators

• Adherence to rules & regulations

• Legislators frame the rules

• Proof is required that there • was a non-conformance

• Exemptions granted

Legislative Intervention

Prescriptive Self-regulatory

• Based on the act

• Driven by the mines

• Duty of care

• Mines come up with most of the rules

• Proof is required that where own

routes taken that adequate diligence

was shown

• Legislation enable self-regulation


Prescriptive legislation

The Prescriptions may not be the best remedy – the man at the spot knows better : Grassroot level participation


Self regulatory approach: The Philosophy of Local Consultation

The Coal Mining Regulation has been amended & is due to be notified shortly – Makes SMP a statutory requirement


• ALARA - As Low As Reasonably Achievable or

Practical

• What Would the Reasonable Man Do?

• Cost/Benefit Analysis!

Zero Risk is

Not Possible

Cost Rs.

Degree of

Risk

ALARA

Best Practicable Technology

Best Available Technology

Uneconomic

Extent of Risk Reduction Required


What is Achievable ?

See through the prism of SMP

Zero Risk is Not Achievable

Zero Disease

Zero Incidents / Accidents

Zero Lost Time Injuries

Zero Fatalities


Recommended Format

1.Objective 2.Purpose 3.Known potential dangers. 4.Controls 5.Step by step task descriptions 6. Audit

Development of Safety Management Plan (SMP)

Development of site specific SMP is key to creating and maintaining a healthy and safe work place by striving for Zero Harm

Role of Safety Committee is important for development of Safety Management Plan – Involve all knowledgeable parties

SMP is a strategy for management of OHS of the people who work at the mines: • Addresses liability issues of the owner • Instrument to demonstrate due diligence by management to maintain ‘Duty

of Care’ • Implementation reduces impact & costs of work related injury & illness


The Legislative Groundwork for SMP

New provisions added to the coal & metalliferrous mine regulations include inter alia:

Duties & Responsibilities of mine owner:

Arrange for HIRA

Ensure safety at design stage

Equip with P&M for safe & healthy operation

Prepare Emergency Response Plan

Training & retraining

Owner, agent and manager have to:

Ensure HIRA

Eliminate / minimize risks

Provide PPE

Prepare auditable SMP

Makes suppliers of P&M responsible for declaring hazards

Contractors are responsible for establishing communication with mine officials in order to:

Identify hazards

Report work related injuries

Provide safety and health hazards awareness

Duties of persons employed in consonance with ‘duty of care’:

Take care of self And other persons

Wear proper clothing

Co-operate with employer for compliance

When engaging contractors, the owner, agent and manager need to ensure that:

Provide same training to workmen & contracted workers

Ensure compliance with safety & health requirements

They have the right to stop work if risk perception points to hazard.


1. Mine Safety & Health Policy with a plan for its implementation

2. Organizational structure and resources for implementation of Mine Safety & Health Policy and SMP

• Mine Manger as team leader

• Safety officer

• Colliery Engineer

• Mechanical & Electrical Engineers

• Workmen’s Inspector

• Production Manager

• Mining Engineers

• In Charge OHS

• Civil Engineer

• In Charge Mine Surveying

• Supervisors & workmen including operators & maintenance crew

• Advisors from machine manufacturers, scientists, academics, regulators may be invited

3. Tools of Risk Management

• Minutes of Safety Committee meeting; WI’s report; Safety Officer’s Inspection report

• Contraventions, if any; Previous R.A’s; Accident/Near Miss reports

Development of a SMP


Development of a SMP

• Hazard Identification: One way to zone in on High Risk areas is to identify locations where there are chances of sudden release of energy

• This matrix provides a broad view of the hazards that may exist in the Mine

Hazards / Energies

Workplace

O.C. Mine UG Mine W.S./Store P&M Treatment

Admin

Gravitational

Chemical

Thermal

Biomechanical

Electrical

Mechanical

Pressure

Radiation

Work Env.


Development of a SMP – Risk Ranking

Risk Ranking sets priorities for hazard

control

Scale for Consequence Consequence

Several dead 5

One dead 1

Significant chance of fatality

0.3

One permanent disability / less chance of fatality

0.1

Many lost time injuries 0.01

One lost time injury 0.001

Small injury 0.0001

Scale for Exposure Exposure

Several dead 10

One dead 5


3


2.5

Many lost time injuries 2


Small injury 0.50.02

Scale for Probability Probability

Several dead 10

One dead 7


3


2

Many lost time injuries 1


Small injury 0.1


Development of a SMP – Risk ᾳ Exposure of Workers

Sl. % of Workmen Employed Impact Assessment of Exposure

1 > 40 Max

2 20 – 40 High

3 10 - 19 Medium

4 5 - 9 Low

5 < 5 Very Low

Sl. Hazard Description % Workers Exposed Cons Prob. Exposure Total

1 Existing mine fire – potential for explosion

> 40 5 10 10 500

2 Roof fall – strata control 20 – 40 5 10 10 500

3 Surface blasting & vibration 10 - 19 5 7 10 350

4 Spon. Combustion 5 - 9 5 3 10 150

5 Unauthorized entry to mine < 5 5 7 3 105

6 Noise < 5 0.1 10 10 10

7 Respirable dust < 5 0.1 10 10 10

Putting the previous tables together we arrive at H. I.


Development of a SMP – Risk Ranking & Categorization

Hazard Risk Remarks

High Risk > = 200 Requires immediate mgmt. attn.

Medium > 20 < 200 Requires management attention

Low < = 20 To be reviewed

Sl. High Risk / Major Hazard Sub Category

1 Strata Control Roof Fall

2 Side Fall

3 Skill / Lack of Skill

4 Blasting / Cutting

5 Illumination

6


Audit sheets for Hazard Identification and Control Plans A list of Hazard Control Plans with Immediate Action Flag (IAF) A list of developed Code of Practices (COPs) A list of developed schedules, schemes and strategies A list of developed SOPs A list of developed processes, protocols and systems Emergency Management Plan including TARPs and EIP

What Should a SMP Contain ?


Hazard Identification Plan ?


Risk Control Plan for Identified Hazards - Inundation ?

Assigns responsibilities and time limits for completing designated actions. Yellow flagging of activities that need to be reported to Agent &

Owner by the Manager


Hazard Control Plan for Inundation (Contd) ?

ERCI: Existing Risk Control Index


Audit of Hazard Identification & Control Plan for Fire


SMP-Overseas Experience

Risk based legislation enabled Queensland to break thro the barrier


SMP-Indian Experience

• Though sowing was done in the year 2000, the germination happened in the year 2016 after the latest DGMS Technical Circular No. 5 of 2016 followed-up with a series of proactive follow-up with industry. The High Inertia of Rest has atlast been broken but not without it’s share of problems.

• Even the beginning with formation of team itself was tough when a tendency to undermine the possible contributions specially from the workers, was noticed but was successfully offset.

• Tendency to not include adequate representation from contractual agencies, from both the principal employer and also the contractual agencies themselves.

At this nascent stage, there has been several successful introductions of SMP – Gare Palma Hindalco, Noamundi & Joda mines of Tata


DGMS Technical Circular No. 5 of 2016

C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 100 to 120 SMP’s are in formulation – should be ready in 3 months.

DGMS Technical Circular No. 5 of 2016


SMP-Indian Experience …contd.

• Being a beginner, most of the thrust and importance was attached to risk ranking on a passive scale rather than aggressive one.

• The control plan for each of the major hazard identified and short-listed was more sketchy than detailing to the finest practical terms.

• Accordingly, the responsibility apportioned in the control plan for each of the different control procedures for each hazard was tending towards the mine manager and his immediate 1 or 2 subordinate officials instead of the right person to handle the procedure.

• There was no attempt to set time lines for various procedures and the procedures were more open ended.


• In nut-shell, SMP was perceived as merely a set of formatted documents which needed to be somehow filled-in, without detailing. Resistance to detailing was due to an unwarranted fear of persecution on likely failure(s).

SMP-Indian Experience …contd.


• Encouraging mines to evolve a more realistic control plans with focussed responsibilities for various procedures with a set time line.

• Constitute Unit/Area/Corporate level, well trained Audit Teams for conducting Internal Audits.

• The role of staff functioning hierarchy involved in decision making w.r.t procurements/postings/policy making, to be made distinctly visible in the SMP wherever required by control procedure(s).

SMP in India - The Way Forward ….


SMP in India - The Way Forward ….

• Initial audits at frequent intervals of not ore than 3 months. The intervals may be suitably altered with experience gained.

• Progress made may be part of Agenda for discussions in Board Meetings.

• To ensure thorough grouting of the culture of SMP in mines, the Owners/Nominated Owners shall lead from the front.


Emergency Management Plan


Emergency Management Plan – Why?

An Indian Court of Inquiry recommended that there should be definite EMP’s for every mine & rehearsals undertaken periodically to test preparedness for evacuation, rescue, etc.

If you have not practiced, you are

not ready

What we do not want is the miners Testing out the system for the first Time when there is an emergency

Preparation and Prevention

Detection and Classification

Response and Mitigation

Re-Entry and Recovery



• Should make direct reference to the risks at the mine

• The exercise should itself be subject to rigorous risk

assessment so that new safety risks are not introduced

• Emergency scenario planning developed

• Involvement of DGMS, mines rescue brigade, neighbouring

mines and senior company officials

• Planning & design

• Training

• Debriefings by assessment teams to evaluate results

C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 38

Detection

– regular inspections

– hand held detectors

– automated continuous monitoring

– manual sampling

Classification

– Trigger Action Response Plans

– Emergency Initiation Protocols



Trigger Action Response Plans


Response and Mitigation – Escape Apparatus

40

• Belt worn, short duration (30 minute) self-contained self-rescuers (SCSR)

• oxygen caches, long duration (60-90 minute)

• compressed air breathing apparatus (CABA)

Self-Escape is the best escape

• designated escape ways

• emergency communication

• safe havens

• emergency transport

C I I S a f e t y S y m p o s i u m a n d E x p o s i t i o n 2 0 1 7 41

Aided Rescue

– Incident Management Teams

– Mines Rescue Organizations

– Control Room Protocols


Latest Developments

42

• Rescue Recovery Vehicles

• Virtual Reality 3-D Models

• Electronic Personnel Locating

• Devices

• Bio-sign Transmitters


Re-Entry and Recovery

43

Facilities

– Preparatory Seals ( panel entries )

– Emergency Seals ( surface )

– Docking facilities ( inertisation equipment )

– Large diameter bore-hole drilling and recovery systems

Risk Assessments

– barriers to re-entry

– rescue protocols and guidelines


Start Doing SMP-Best Of Luck

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