SafetyChapter 9

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• OSHA -Occupational Safety and Health Administration – Was established by congress

• NIOSH -National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health– Scientific and technical equipment testing

EPA

• Environmental Protection Agency

– I want yours kids to enjoy the outdoors it is your responsibility to protect our future

– Unfortunately people don’t make the effort so the EPA must create rules.

– Think about the water you drink

Shop accidents

• Unplanned mishaps that hurt people– Yourself and others– Reason behind a required score

• Damage parts, property, and tools• Carelessness and lack of safety habits

frequently cause accidents that result in serious injury or death

Safety program

• A safety program is a shop policy designed to protect the health and welfare of all employees

• It provides rules on every thing from equipment use to disposal of hazardous materials

• All shops should have a safety program

emergency

• All shops should have a list of emergency telephone numbers clearly posted next to all telephones

• 911- fire, intruder,• Poison control• Doctor or nearest hospital• School nurse

Eye safety

• Z87 rated• Polycarbonate lenses (tough but will scratch)• Shatter proof• Flame resistant• Lens cannot push out toward eye or face• Wrap around face to cover from side entry

debris• State law to wear in IL shops

Eye and face protection

• Safety glasses – general shop wear• Safety goggles- dust, under car, grinding• Face shields –sparks, grinding• Helmets (shaded to protect from UV light)• All must ANSI approved (American National

Safety Institute)

When to wear safety glasses

• When working in shop area!– When sanding – When drilling– When hammering – Grinding with a surface grinder– Cutting with saws hand, electric, and air

When to wear face shields

• When using cut-off grinders• When using bench grinder• When using air chisels • When heavy grinding is needed• Anytime face protection is needed• Anytime sparks can deflect

When to wear safety goggles

• When using hazardous chemicals• Mixing paint, primers, and clear coats• When spraying undercoats, topcoats, and

clear coats • When using acids or corrosives • Inside a fender/trunk area or area where

sparks can deflect • Wear overtop prescriptions

Welding helmets

• Used to protect face, eyes, parts of head, hair, and neck

• They have dark shaded lenses – Rated by number (10 or 12 weld 5 for torch)– Some auto darken

• They protect against extreme heat • They protect against sparks, and molten metal• They protect against U.V. rays (ultraviolet)– Welders Burn

Got a B + in Automotive

Acid leak

Eye wash station

Eye flushing station

• KNOW WHERE IT IS!

• NO RUBBING!

• Help a friend if in need– Calmness– Quickness

Caring for Safety glasses

• Wash with warm water and soft cloth– No chemicals (brake clean)

• Store in locker and keep safe– Do not tell instructor somebody stole them, your

responsibility• If you in the shop you are wearing….?

Eye Safety Test Time!

First aid

• All employees must know where the first aid kit is located– Bandages– Gauze– Tape– Tourniquet– Gloves– Sterilizing products

First Aid Kit

Safety signs

• Provide information that helps improve shop safety• Mark locations of fire extinguishers and fire exits• Dangerous or flammable chemicals• Compressed gas• Poisonous• Biohazardous• Corrosive materials• Warning• Danger• Caution

Signs

Types of accidents

• Burns• Chemical burns• Electrocution • Cuts• Hand and foot injuries • Air born hazards

Chemical burns

220 RECEPTACLE

Types of accidents

• Electrocution result when electricity passes through a person’s body paralyzing nervous system and stopping the heart from beating– Less than one amp will kill– Why will a car battery not shock you when you

grab both lugs? – Plugging things in– What about static electricity?

How to prevent electrocution

• Check electrical cords for (nicks/frays)• Check electrical plugs for damage and that the

plug has a ground prong, not loose.– Ground is for safety, plug will still operate

• Keep water away from electric equipment– Draining Coolant

• Unplug all electrical tools or equipment before servicing– Lock out Tag out

Jump starting/ charging

• Jump starting– Key off both cars. – Hook up positives first– Hook up negative to a remote ground onto dead car– Hook up negative to a remote ground to doner car– Turn key to run on dead car = dash lights should come on dead car when a connection is

made• Charging

– Hook up positive– Hook up negative to remote ground– Set charger to low amp– Turn charger on– Turn key to run and lights should come on dash

Volatility

• Rate at which a substance evaporates

• If it evaporates at room temp it’s probably flammable

Fire safety• Fire is a rapid oxidation of flammable material

producing high temperature.

• A burn from a fire can cause disfigurement or death

• Cumbustion – Gasses can no longer expand, so pressure builds until something gives.

Fire safety

• Never smoke around gasoline or flammable liquids

• Immediately wipe up flammable and combustible liquids

• Keep workplace doors open and ventilation system running while cleaning up spills

• Avoid making sparks

Fire Safety

• R. Rescue anyone in immediate danger and evacuate

• A. Alert fire department and explain fire origin• C. Contain the fire as much as possible, by

closing doors and windows to reduce the source of oxygen

• E. Extinguish the fire, if possible

Smoking causes fires

Fire safety terms

• Flashpoint : is the lowest temperature at which a liquid vapor and oxygen will ignite near a spark or flame. (the lower the flashpoint the more dangerous)– Similar to volatility

• Auto-ignition temperature: is the lowest temperature a vapor or gas will ignite without a spark or flame– Like boiling point but catching fire

Flashpoint safety

• Storage requirements :• Keep away from direct sunlight or extreme conditions • Well-ventilated area• Have door that can be kept closed• Keep away from electric fuse panels or fuse boxes• Storage containers:• Must be in good condition • Sealed and covered• Have proper labeling• For spill containment have secondary tray• Vented

Are you listening?

• Why should containers be sealed and covered?

• What is Volatility?• What should you be very aware of when using

any kind of devise that throws sparks?• Why should storage containers vent?

Vented Fuel Tank

Personal safety

Horseplay is unacceptable It can send someone to the hospitalNever: Air nozzle fights, creeper races, practical

jokes they have no place in a shop

What happens when I horse Play?

Spontaneous combustion

• Spontaneous combustion- can happen from the heat build up mixed with oxygen from solvent soaked rag collected in one location begin to burn– Keep any oil/solvent soaked rags in safety can– Well ventilated– Away from heat (out of sun)

Fire Proof container

Personal safety

• Proper dress is important to be safe• No : rings, bracelets, necklaces, watches, or other jewelry • These items can get caught in engines fans, belts, drive

shafts, and anything that spins or rotates • Clothing : long sleeves should be rolled up, secure long

hair to protect from getting caught in spinning or rotating parts

• The same safety precautions are use when using grinders, drills, buffers, and equipment that clothing or jewelry may get caught in

Super Sweet

At least he can still hitch hike

More fingers

Is This guy safe?

Foot safety

• Best protection- leather shoes with steel toe and nonslip soles

• Good protection- leather shoes with nonslip soles

• Leased protection- canvas or nylon shoes with nonslip soles

• Steel toe shoes protect from falling object that can injure feet

• Sandals not permitted in shops

For the Beach, not the shop

Preventing hand and arm injuries

• Hold tools correctly• Never push a wrench always pull it• Use electric or pneumatic tool to control

damage from repetitive motion• Wear gloves to protect hands from injury• Gloves protect from excessive vibration• Ergonomics

Back injuries

• Twisting, bending and heavy lifting can cause back injury

• Lift with your legs• Keep your back straight • Ask for help lifting heavy objects• Use lifting equipment for heavy items– No heroes

Picture of spine

Air borne Safety

• Asphyxiation anything that prevents normal breathingMist, dust, gasses, fumes

• Safety and Health concerns– Carcinogens– Crystallized lungs

• Volatility Rating – evaporation rate– Uses oxygen– Flammable (brake clean, thinner, gasoline)

Air born materials safety

• Air born materials cause serious health problem when exposed to them day in and day out

• Air born materials are :• Abrasive dust: from sanding, grinding paint and fillers• Welding flux: from welding or soldering fumes• Vapors: from caustic solvents, primers, paints and solutions• Spray mists: from spraying undercoats and other spray

materials• Asbestos: Barbed particle sticks in your lungs, known as a

carcinogen

Air borne

• Isocyanates- used in paint hardeners, and is a carcinogen

• Carcinogen- Cancer causing substance

Anybody want this in their lung?

Picture of a Lung

Dust mask

RespiratorProtects from isocyanates and other carcinogens

Ear protection

• Two types of hearing protection equipment ear plugs and ear muffs

• Sound is measured in decibels (db)• Hearing damage can occur at 85 db• Hearing protection is rated by noises

reduction rating (NRR)• The higher the NRR number the greater the

protection

decibel levels

• Jet engine 140 db• Air chisel 130 db• Hammering on sheet metal 100 db• Ventilating fan 90 db• Arc welder 85db• Inside a car at 50 mph 75db• Ordinary conversation 60 db• Whisper 30db

Hand protection

• Leather or cotton gloves: prevent cuts abrasions and prevent injury (mechanix glove)

• Rubber gloves: different ratings– Surgical - Chemical - electrical insulating

• Nitrile gloves: different ratings–protect from chemicals, solvents, and

adhesives– holds up to chemicals better than rubber

Hand protection

• Always wash hand thoroughly when ever leaving shop area

• Lunch time• At the end of the day• This will remove any harmful element from

your hands • Never use paint thinners or brake clean as

hand cleaner

Vehicle safety

• Driving safely inside and around shop area• Drive slowly• Have one person watch for obstacles• Drive Slowly• Have windows down to hear instruction• When giving instruction be loud and precise also use

hand signals• Drive slowly• How many students need to ride in the car when

bringing into the shop?

Care for Vehicles

• Treat each car as it were your own.• Writing in dust• Fender covers• Feet in cars• Greasy paws• Sitting inside vehicles• Radio• Opening any compartment – We will assume the worst

What if I mess with someone’s car

• Straight to office

• Then straight to counselor

• Chance of returning - 0

Tool in the pocket –Jee Thanks

Starting vehicle, Auto Trans

• Car in park• Check for brakes• Know your surroundings– Tools, wires, other students

• Clearly yell… Clear!• Then start car• Only the person with the key is in control, so

he or she is responsible

Starting car Manual Trans

• Parking brake on• In Neutral• Know your surroundings• Clutch depressed• Yell clear!• Slowly check for neutral Before releasing pedal!• If someone is not familiar with a manual trans

the shop is not the place to learn.

Moving cars In

• Check for proper brake• Window down– Hear commands– Keys not locked in it

• Slowly move vehicle (push or drive)• Have a spotter guiding on lift (not a race)• If you do not hear or understand a command, simply

stop vehicle.• Keys are left in vehicle, window down• If windows do not work, keys are on board

Moving cars out

• Check for brakes!• Windows down to hear commands– If windows are inoperative then a clear set of hand

commands must be used• Have spotters to help park• Do not turn around to back up– Look but don’t stare– Use your mirrors

• Park between the lines

Tool Hazards

• Misuse • Improper maintenance• Dirty hand tools• Hand tools in poor working condition– Chissels/punches, loose hammer heads, frayed

cords, damaged air lines, cracked socket, incorrect size

Hand tool safety

• Wipe tool clean after use• Use hand tools for task which it was designed• Always wear safety glasses when using hand

tools• Never use hardened steel hammers or punch

on hardened steel• There is a difference between use and abuse

Punch/chissel safety

Electric power tools safety

• 3 prong Plug (grounded)• GFCI (working around water) • Frayed cords (don’t stand in water)• Switch is not locked on• Keep hand off trigger until ready to use• Plugging in a 220 cord can KILL YOU!• Electrical tools are not sympathetic

Machine guards

• Keep you out of machines• Proper adjustment (see a lot of users in a day)• You may use gloves with machines only if they

have guards at your discretion– Can pull your hand in

• Machine guards are on electric and pneumatic tools

Pneumatic tools

• Are power tools that are powered by air compressed air

• Grinders, cutting tools, impact wrenches, air ratchets, blow guns, etc

• Should be oiled daily• Remember cast iron lines • What if an air hose breaks?• When do you replace an air hose?

Pneumatic tool safety

• When using pneumatic tools use Z87 safety glasses and shield

• Carry pneumatic tool by frame not by air hose• Make sure they are securely attached to air

line• Avoid blowing spinning parts such as bearings• Do not blow compressed air at each other

You are responsible

• Before you pick up a power tool or pneumatic tool

•Know your surroundings!

• Remember safety violation is a sure ticket out of CAVC

Lifting vehicles safety

• Vehicles have lift points• Lift points: a place on a vehicle frame where a

lift, jack or safety stand can be placed• Lift points are designed by manufacturer• If unsure simply ask, before destroying vehicle

or hurting someone

How lifting accident happen• Vehicle placed incorrectly on lift or jack

• Failure of floor jack or lift to support vehicles weight (your putting your life literally in trust of a rubber o-ring)

• Vehicle slipping from floor jack due to vehicle movement or imbalance (horseplay)

• Object is to heavy for jack

• failure to use safety stands

• Just as important the area in which you place your stands

Floor jacks and safety stands

• Place jack safely under vehicle ( were vehicle will not slip out)

• Communicate with each other.– If the person running the jack crushes the hand of another

student and he did not yell clear who is at fault?• Place safety stands under vehicle before going under it• Make sure that vehicle is on a flat surface before placing on

safety stands• Be sure the surface will support the vehicle on safety

stands (rocks and grass probably not goof idea)• A jack alone is never an option!

Using vehicle lifts

• Always use vehicle manufacture lift points• Check each vehicle service manual for lift

points• Never overload lift (check maximum weight

capacity• Only trained technicians should operate lifts• Keep lift area clean

Vehicle lifts

• Never lift vehicle while anyone is working under it

• Be sure lift arms are moved before driving in• Lift must be resting on safety locks before

working under vehicle• Before lowering lift clear area below vehicle

(the operator is in charge of this)

Lift and Jack Safety

• Communication is the most important tool

• The operator is in charge and responsible

UH…What do we do?

Hoists

• A hoist is used to pick up and move heavy objects

• Hoist are used to move engines and transmission assembles

• Used to raise vehicles off of engine assembly• Always make sure load rating of hoist will

support weight of load to be lifted• Make sure that any bolts used to fasten chains

to object will hold load to be lifted

Transmission jack/Engine Hoist

• Tools used to service and remove engine or transmission

• Unstable when weight is high• Always double check pins and bolts• Use proper safety chains

Engine/Transmission

Personal Hygiene• Shower once a day– Helps to clean pours– Keeps you cooler

• Look at the stuff under your nails– Nail trimming– Use a brush (you eat with those things)

• Deoderant – Anti-perperant– Roll on or spray– Cologne is a no-no

Ways to Never come back

• Spray with blow gun• Spray with brake clean/thinner• Start a fire• Theft of any kind• Damage to anybody else’s property• Damage to school property

Commandment #1

• If Thou is not busy Thy shall look busy

– Nobody likes a slug

– Nobody is to good to push a broom

– Nobody sits on shop tables or desks

– Nobody can pass class from home

– Tool clean-up time (the worst time to slug)

Commandment #2

• Thou shall not steal nor raise havok on one another or property

– Theives

– Unsafe toward anyone or anything

– Anothers vehicle

– Vehicle compartments (glove box, console, trunk)

Commandment #3

• Thou shall shut thy mouth when thine instructor stryketh me down.

– Do not let your pride over run your mouth– Your instructor is here to help you and keep you

safe.

Last Thought

• Q- Mr Schuster/Welch will you please coddle me?

• A- No from here on out you are fully responsible for your actions