Safavids, Mughals, and Ottomans

AP WORLD HISTORY

SAFAVID EMPIRE

Length- 1501-1722Geography- Iran

Rise of Safavids

Origins in a long established Sufi order

Sufis were Muslims who tried to connect with God through experiences such as dance, music, prayer, poetry, meditation, and fasting

Key Safavid People

Isma’ilShah Abbas I

Society/ Religion/ Government

Integration of Turk- speaking followers with Native IraniansConsiderable development in artsIslamTheocracyTrade

Decline of Safavid Empire

Shah Abbas left incompetent rulersExcessive taxesPoor care of state landsDecline of trade Weakening of militaryReligious persecution

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Length- founded in 1526 ending in 1858Geography- covered most of Indian subcontinent

Rise of the Mughals

Founded by Babur Used superior artillery Defeated a far larger army near

Delhi

Key Mughal People

BaburAkbarShah JahanAurangzeb

Shah Jahan

Society/Religion/Government

Flourishing of arts/cultureIslamBureaucracyTrade

Decline of the Mughal Empire

Central state weakened Patchwork of independent states

OTTOMAN EMPIRELength- late 13th c. until dismantled in early 20th c.Geography- extending from Balkans to Middle East and Northern Africa

Rise of Ottomans

Byzantine Empire shrinksSeljuk Turks sultanate destroyedRise of ghazis- Osman

KEY OTTOMANS (or enemies)

OsmanMehmet IITamerlaneSuleiman I

Suleiman I

Society/Religion/Government

Social StructureIslamAutocracy- SultansTrade- flourished/declinedMilitary- strong, helped spread religion

“Sultanate of the Women”

Period after Murad IV’s deathExperiencing military unrest, succession issuesMothers of young sultans exercised power in the name of their sons

Decline of the Ottomans

Suleiman’s killing spreeSultan’s decrease of interest in maintaining justiceWars with EuropePopulation increaseRefusal to modernize/industrializeCorruption