Safavids, Mughals, and Ottomans

AP WORLD HISTORY

SAFAVID EMPIRE

Length- 1501-1722Geography- Iran

Rise of Safavids

Origins in a long established Sufi order

Sufis were Muslims who tried to connect with God through experiences such as dance, music, prayer, poetry, meditation, and fasting

Key Safavid People

Isma’il

Shah Abbas I

Society/ Religion/ Government

Integration of Turk- speaking followers with Native Iranians

Considerable development in arts

Islam

Theocracy

Trade

Decline of Safavid Empire

Shah Abbas left incompetent rulers

Excessive taxes

Poor care of state lands

Decline of trade

Weakening of military

Religious persecution

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Length- founded in 1526 ending in 1858

Geography- covered most

of Indian subcontinent

Rise of the Mughals

Founded by Babur Used superior artillery Defeated a far larger army near

Delhi

Key Mughal People

Babur

Akbar

Shah Jahan

Aurangzeb

Shah Jahan

Society/Religion/Government

Flourishing of arts/culture

Islam

Bureaucracy

Trade

Decline of the Mughal Empire

Central state weakened Patchwork of independent states

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Length- late 13th c. until dismantled in early 20th c.

Geography- extending from Balkans to Middle East and Northern Africa

Rise of Ottomans

Byzantine Empire shrinks

Seljuk Turks sultanate destroyed

Rise of ghazis- Osman

KEY OTTOMANS (or enemies)

Osman

Mehmet II

Tamerlane

Suleiman I

Suleiman I

Society/Religion/Government

Social Structure

Islam

Autocracy- Sultans

Trade- flourished/declined

Military- strong, helped spread religion

“Sultanate of the Women”

Period after Murad IV’s death

Experiencing military unrest, succession issues

Mothers of young sultans exercised power in the name of their sons

Decline of the Ottomans

Suleiman’s killing spree

Sultan’s decrease of interest in maintaining justice

Wars with Europe

Population increase

Refusal to modernize/industrialize

Corruption