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YHVCAKI PGPDV

LDPGV\EDK\ HN GIVABTM\TVD%

OGPGK AK\DVKG\AHKGM BHHPDVG\AHK GIDKBQ

Nhvetmg|ahk \dge hk |jd Lvgn|aki hn |jd

R|vg|diab Givaftrakdrr Ld~dmhpedk| Pmgk

BHEEHLA\Q RA\TG\AHK VDPHV\? EGKIH

Pvdpgvdl fq

OHRD TMQRRDR O+ MTR\VAG

Kh~defdv 6001

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Ev+ Mtr|vag ar HAB%Bjadn- Ptfmab Ak~dr|edk| Pvhivge La~arahk *PAPL!- Pmgkkaki Rdv~abd-

Ldpgv|edk| hn Givabtm|tvd+ Jd yhtml macd |h gbckhymdlid |jd grrar|gkbd hn Ev+ Gmlvak Kgbahkgm

gkl Er+ Gbwtamqk Ehvammh *\dbjkabgm Grrar|gk|r- PAPL! ak pvdpgvaki |jar vdphv|+

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aa

\GFMD HN BHK\DK\R

A+ H^DV^ADY+++++ 7

G+ Fgbcivhtkl+++++++ 7

F+ Bhk|vaft|ahk |h |jd Dbhkheq++++++++ 7

AA+ RA\TG\AHKGM GKGMQRAR++++++++++ 7

G+ Pvhltb|ahk+++++++++ 7

7 + Yhvml Pvhltb|ahk+++++++++ 7

g+ Egohv Pvhltbaki Pvh~akbdr++++++ 7

f+ Pvhltb|a~a|q gkl Bhepd|a|a~dkdrr+++++++ 2

6 + Lhedr|ab Pvhltb|ahk++++ 2

g+ Egohv Pvhltbaki Pvh~akbdr++++++++++ 2

f+ ^hmted- Gvdg pmgk|dl gkl Pvhltb|a~a|q++++++++ 2

b+ gmtd hn Pvhltb|ahk+++++++ < F+ Rtppmq gkl ldegkl+++++++ 4

7 + Rtppmq ++++++++++ 4

6 + Ldegkl+++++++++ >

g+ Yhvml Ldegkl *Dzphv|r!++++++++++ >

f+ Lhedr|ab Ldegkl+++++++++ 1

B+ gmtd%Bjgak Rqr|de++++++++++ 1

7 + Givaftrakdrr Rqr|de+++++++++ 1

6 + Hk%Ngve Bhr|r++

++

+ 7

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7

A+ H^DV^ADY

G+FgbcivhtklEgkih *Egkiandvg aklabg M+!- |jd bhtk|vqr kg|ahkgm nvta| ar bhkraldvdl gr hkd hn |jd nakdr| ak

|jd yhvml *rpdbanabgmmq |jd Bgvgfgh ~gvad|q!+ A| ar |jd |javl ehr| aephv|gk| nvta| bvhp hn |jdbhtk|vq fgrdl hk dzphv| ~hmted gkl ~gmtd kdz| |h fgkgkg gkl pakdgppmd+ A| jgr gk dr|gfmarjdl

lhedr|ab egvcd| gkl jgr fvaij| hpphv|tka|adr nhv |jd ak|dvkg|ahkgm egvcd| fh|j ak nvdrj hvpvhbdrrdl nhve *LG IEG%J^BB- 600:!+

Gr vdphv|dl fq LG%IEG%J^BB- gfht| 92 pdvbdk| hn |jd |h|gm gvdg pmgk|dl |h egkih arhykdl fq regmm ngvedvr yjamd 6< pdvbdk| hpdvg|d ngve radr fd|yddk 2 |h 1+11 jg+ \jhrd

hpdvg|aki 70 jg gkl gfh~d bhkr|a|t|d hkmq gfht| |jvdd pdvbdk|+ Egohva|q hn |jd egkih pvhbdrrhvr

gvd regmm gkl edlate dk|dvpvardr+ Egkih akltr|vq rtpphv|r gfht| 6+4 E ngvedvr ya|j 7-269-276

ngver *KRH- 6006!+ Gehki |jd egkq ~gvad|adr ak |jd Pjamappakdr- |jd )Bgvgfgh) bhkr|a|t|dr >>

pdvbdk| hn |jd bvhp gkl Pabh- 6> pdvbdk| *Egkih- 600:!+

F+ Bhk|vaft|ahk |h |jd Dbhkheq

Egkih)r dbhkheab bhk|vaft|ahk ar ivgltgmmq akbvdgraki+ Nhv |jd pdvahl 711: |h 600:- egkih

vdbhvldl gk g~dvgid bhk|vaft|ahk hn 4 pdvbdk| |h |h|gm ~gmtd hn givabtm|tvgm bvhp pvhltb|ahk gkl 6

pdvbdk| |h |h|gm ~gmtd hn givabtm|tvgm rdb|hv ht|pt| *Gkkdz 7!+

AA+ RA\TG\AHKGM GKGMQRAR

G+Pvhltb|ahk7+ Yhvml pvhltb|ahk

g! Egohv pvhltbaki bhtk|vadr+ ^hmted gkl ~gmtd hn egkih pvhltb|ahk ar giivdig|dlya|j rhed h|jdv nvta|r ak NGH lg|g+ Jhyd~dv- gbbhvlaki |h |jd Egkih R|vg| Pmgk gkl Tplg|dr

*600>!- |jd Pjamappakdr ar |jd rd~dk|j egohv pvhltbdv hn egkih ak 6004+ Ak |jd rged qdgv- |jdbhtk|vq bhk|vaft|dl 2 pdvbdk| ak yhvml pvhltb|ahk+

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mango_ars.htmlhttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mango_ars.html

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6

Naitvd 7+Egkih|hp pvhltbaki bhtk|vadr *E\!- 6004+

*Rhtvbd? Egkih R|vg| Pmgk gkl Tplg|dr- 600>!

Naitvd 6+ Egkih yhvml pvhltb|ahk- 711>%6004+

*Rhtvbd? Egkih R|vg| Pmgk gkl Tplg|dr- 600>!

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2

f! Pvhltb|a~a|q gkl bhepd|a|a~dkdrr+ Gr edk|ahkdl dgvmadv- NGH giivdig|dl egkihlg|g ya|j rhed h|jdv nvta|r+ \jtr- bhepgvarhk hn pvhltb|a~a|q gkl bhepd|a|a~dkdrr gehki |hp

pvhltbaki bhtk|vadr bgkkh| fd lhkd traki rtbj lg|g+

Gbbhvlaki |h |jd Pjamappakd Givabtm|tvd 6060 vdphv| *KGR\- 600:!- egkih ar gmrh pvabd

bhepd|a|a~d tkldv dzphv| |vgld rbdkgvah fdbgtrd dzphv| pgva|q pvabd vg|ah ar ivdg|dv |jgk 7+ A| ar

gmrh bhr| bhepd|a|a~d fdbgtrd vdrhtvbd bhr| vg|ah nhv dzphv| ar mdrr |jgk 7+

6+ Lhedr|ab pvhltb|ahk g! Egohv pvhltbaki pvh~akbdr+Ak 600:- Pgkigrakgk ar |jd mgvidr| pvhltbdv hn egkih

ak |jd bhtk|vq *FGR- 600:!+ Yjamd Pgkigrakgk jgr bhk|vaft|dl 2: pdvbdk|- h|jdv egohv pvhltbaki

pvh~akbdr jgl 2 |h > pdvbdk| rjgvdr ak |jd lhedr|ab pvhltb|ahk *Naitvd 2!+ \jdrd pvh~akbdr gvd

Argfdmg *- 927 E\!+

Naitvd 2+Egkih |hp pvhltbaki pvh~akbdr *E\!- 600:+*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6001!

f! hmted- gvdg pmgk|dl- gkl pvhltb|a~a|q+Ldrpa|d hn bhk|akthtr gvdg dzpgkrahk-

egkih pvhltb|ahk ar nmtb|tg|aki nvhe 711: |h 600:+ Ak |jd rged pdvahl- |jd jaijdr| ~hmted hn

egkih pvhltb|ahk *7-062-10> E\! |jg| |jd bhtk|vq jgr vdbhvldl ygr ak 6009+ R|vhki yaklr-

jdg~q vgakr- gkl lardgrdr jg~d ivdg|mq gnndb|dl |jd pvhltb|ahk- pgv|abtmgvmq ak |jd nmhydvaki r|gid

*LG%FGR- 600:3 Egkih R|vg| Pmgk gkl Tplg|dr- 600>!+ Dnndb|r hn |jdrd pjdkhedkg ydvd

vdnmdb|dl ak |jd lvgeg|ab ldbmakd hn pvhltb|ahk ak 600: *::

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\gfmd 7+ Rtppmq gkl t|amag|ahk hn egkih *E\! - 711:%600:+

*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6001!

6+ Ldegklg! Yhvml Ldegkl *Dzphv|r!+ Fgrdl hk NGH lg|g- ak 600|j

gehki dzphv|aki bhtk|vadr ak |dver hn dzphv| ~gmtd *Naitvd >!+

Idkdvgmmq- |jd bhtk|vqr dzphv| hn nvdrj egkih *711:%600:! jgr vdbhvldl g kdig|a~d

ivhy|j g| gk g~dvgid hn : pdvbdk|+ Ak rhed pgv|abtmgv qdgvr- dzphv|r jg~d rjhyk g kdimaiafmd

akbvdgrd+ Nhv akr|gkbd- ak 6009- |jd dzphv|dl nvdrj egkih akbvdgrdl nvhe 6>-790 E\ *600>! |h

6>-22: E\+ Jhyd~dv- |jd bhtk|vq ygr kh| gfmd |h rtr|gak rtbj akbvdgrd ak 600:+ Kh|d |jg| ak |jd

rged qdgv- egkih akltr|vq jgr gmrh dzpdvadkbdl g lvgeg|ab ldbmakd ak a|r pvhltb|ahk *\gfmd 7!+

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9

Naitvd >+ \hp dzphv|dvr hn egkih fgrdl hk ~gmtd- 600!

Ak |dver hn ~gmtd- |jd faiidr| dzphv| ar nvdrj egkihdr nhmmhydl fq lvadl+ H|jdv pvhltb|r

gvd egkih ptvdd- egkih otabd- egkih bhkbdk|vg|d- egkih imgd- ak fvakd- gkl pvdrdv~dr

*Naitvd 9!+ Gbbhvlaki |h KRH *600:!- Jhkichki ar |jd egohv egvcd| hn nvdrj egkih+ Jhyd~dv-

Jhkichki ar pvhfgfmq otr| g |vgkrrjapedk| phak|+ Hk |jd h|jdv jgkl- |jd faiidr| egvcd| nhv lvadl

egkihdr ar |jd TRG *KRH- 600:!+

Naitvd 9+ Dzphv|dl ~gmtd hn egkih *ak pdvbdk|!- fq pvhltb|- 711:%6009+

*Rhtvbd? KRH- 600:!

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:

Naitvd :+ Pjamappakdr |hp egvcd|r nhv nvdrj egkih *EE\!- 711:%6009+

*Rhtvbd? KRH- 600:!

Naitvd 1+Pjamappakdr |hp egvcd|r nhv lvadl egkih *EE\!- 711:%6009+

*Rhtvbd? KRH- 600:!

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1

f! Lhedr|ab Ldegkl+ Fgrdl hk RTG- nvhe 711: |h 600:- kd| nhhl larphrgfmd jg~dphr|dl g kdig|a~d ivhy|j g| gk g~dvgid hn 0+4< pdvbdk|+ A| ar gmrh kh|abdgfmd |jg| nhhl larphrgfmd

ar wta|d vdrphkra~d |h ~hmted hn pvhltb|ahk+ Nhv akr|gkbd- g rtlldk ldbvdgrd hn egkih

pvhltb|ahk ak 600: egq jg~d ivdg|mq aknmtdkbd |jd bt| ak kd| nhhl larphrgfmd ak |jd rged qdgv+

Ntv|jdv- pdv bgpa|g bhkrtep|ahk ar ldbvdgraki g| gk g~dvgid hn 2 pdvbdk|+ \jar ar pvhfgfmq ltd |h

mhydv rtppmq gkl akbvdgraki pvabdr+

B+ ^gmtd Bjgak Rqr|de7+ Givaftrakdrr rqr|der

\jd egkih akltr|vq jgr egkq pmgqdvr gkl gb|a~a|adr gr ldpab|dl ak |jd nhmmhyaki naitvdr+

Naitvd 70+ Egkih r|gcdjhmldvr egp+*Rhtvbd? LG% Egkih R|vg|diab Gb|ahk Pmgk-6002!

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\jd egkih akltr|vq ak |jd Pjamappakdr ak~hm~dr egkq cdq pmgqdvr gkl ak|dvedlagvadr-

kgedmq3 pvhpgig|hvr- ivhydvr- rpvgqdvr- |vgldvr- bhhpdvg|a~dr- |vgkrphv|dvr- dzphv|dvr-

fvhcdvr(nvdaij| nhvygvldvr- pvhbdrrhvr- akr|a|t|ahkgm ftqdvr- gkl dkl bhkrtedvr+ Egkih

pvhltb|ahk ak |jd bhtk|vq ar bhkbdk|vg|dl ak ktedvhtr ft| khkbhk|aithtr ngver+ \jd bheehk

pvhltb|ahk gvvgkidedk| ar nhv ngve hykdvr |h bhk|vgb| ht| egkih |vddr |h |vgldvr yjh ak |tvk

akltbd |jd |vddr |h nmhydv+ Eallmdedk ak egvcd|aki gvd bhk|vgb| ftqdvr- gidk|r- grrdefmdv%yjhmdrgmdvr- yjhmdrgmdv%dzphv|dvr- gkl yjhmdrgmdv%vd|gamdvr *PBGVVL- 6002!+

Naitvd 77+ Givaftrakdrr rqr|de hn nvdrj egkih+

*Rhtvbd? LG % Egkih R|vg|diab Gb|ahk Pmgk- 6002!

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Naitvd 76+ Egohv gb|a~a|adr gkl makcgidr ak |jd egkih akltr|vq+

*Rhtvbd? Lg~gh Vdiahk Akltr|vq Bmtr|dv Pmgk 6004%6070- Egvbj 600:!

\jd rtppmq bjgak hn |jd egkih akltr|vq jgr fddk bjgvgb|dvadl fq pvhltb|ahk%egvcd|aki

gvvgkidedk|r fd|yddk ivhydvr gkl rpvgqdvr%bhk|vgb|hvr yjh gmrh gb| gr |vgldvr+ \jdrd ivhydvr

gkl |vgldvr rdmm |h yjhmdrgmd egvcd|r- pvhbdrrhvr- yd| vd|gam egvcd|r- rtpdvegvcd|r- gkl

dzphv|dvr+ \jd egohv ba|adr rtbj gr Egkamg- Bdft- gkl Lg~gh Ba|q gvd |jd cdq |vglaki bdk|dvr nhv

egkihdr |jg| gvd rhml ak |jd mhbgm egvcd| *IEG%J^BB- 600:!+

Naitvdr 72 7> pvdrdk| |jd idhivgpjab nmhyr gkl egvcd| bjgkkdmr nhv egkih ak

lanndvdk| pvh~akbdr+

Naitvd 72+Idhivgpjab nmhy gkl egvcd|aki bjgkkdmr nhv egkih ak Pgkigrakgk- 6007+*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6006!

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76

Naitvd 7

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Naitvd 7>+ Idhivgpjab nmhy gkl egvcd|aki bjgkkdmr nhv egkih ak Lg~gh Ba|q- 6007+

*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6006!

Naitvd 79+ Idhivgpjab nmhy gkl egvcd|aki bjgkkdmr nhv egkih ak Lg~gh ldm Rtv- 6007+

*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6006!

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7

G ld|gamdl gkgmqrar hn |jd egkih pvhbdrraki akltr|vq ar ia~dk fdmhy *Pdgvm6 Pvhodb|-

600

Akltr|vq Bh~dvgid

Fgrdl hk gb|tgm bhtk| nvhe |jd mar|akir hn |jd L\A gkl akltr|vq grrhbag|ahkr- |jdvd gvd

gfht| :4 egkih%pvhbdrraki naver kg|ahkyald+ Egohva|q *4> pvhbdrrhvr- hv >>$! pvhltbd ptvdd

gkl otabd- gkl gvd bhkbdk|vg|dl ak Ed|vh Egkamg+ \jav|ddk naver- ehr|mq pvhbdrrhvr hn lvadl

egkih- gvd ak Bdft+ Regmm pvhbdrrhvr ~dk|tvaki ak h|jdv egkih%fgrdl pvhltb|r rtbj gr rgtbdr

gkl pvdrdv~dr hpdvg|d ak pvh~akbdr kdgv Ed|vh Egkamg gkl Bdft+ \jd bjgv| fdmhy ld|gamr |jd

lar|vaft|ahk hn |jd egkih pvhbdrrhvr ak |jd bhtk|vq fq gvdg+

Naitvd 60+Lar|vaft|ahk hn egkih pvhbdrrhvr fq gvdg- gr hn Otkd 600

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egkihdr hn tkanhve wtgma|q+ Bhkrhmalg|ahk ar macdyard g pvaegvq bhkbdvk nhv fh|j ngvedvr gkl

pvhbdrrhvr+ Egkihdr egq fd ivhyk gkqyjdvd ft| |jd aldgm ivhyaki bhkla|ahk ar hkd ya|j g

lar|akb| lvq gkl yd| bmaeg|d hv gvdgr ya|j mhki lvq pdvahlr gr |jdrd fvaki ht| |jd nvta|r fdr|

nmg~hv+

\jd rtppmq bjgak nhv pvhbdrrdl egkih bhkrar|r hn |jd rhtvbaki hn egkihdr- rtigv-pvdrdv~g|a~dr gkl pgbcgiaki eg|dvagmr- pvhbdrraki- pgbcaki gkl rjappaki+ \jd bva|abgm phak|r ak

|jd bjgak r|gv| ya|j eg|dvagm rhtvbaki- |jd ldegkl nhv ihhl wtgma|q egkihdr gkl mhydv pvabdr-

fdaki rjgvdl bhkbdvk hn pvhbdrrhvr+

Pvhpdv rhv|aki gkl jgklmaki g| |jd akfhtkl phv|ahk gkl ltvaki hpdvg|ahk gvd gmrh

aephv|gk| |h akbvdgrd vdbh~dvq vg|dr gkl gbjad~d fdr| dnnabadkbadr+

Pvhltb| pvdpgvg|ahk ar pvaegvamq egktgm+ \jd fgrab pvhltb|ahk dwtapedk| akbmtldr lvqdvr-

ldptmpdvr- eazaki ~g|r- bhk~dqhv fdm|r gkl rdgmaki egbjakdr+

Fdbgtrd pvhbdrrhvr |tvk ht| nhhl pvhltb|r- rgnd|q gkl jqiadkd gvd gmrh aephv|gk| arrtdr-pgv|abtmgvmq nhv |jd dzphv| egvcd|r+ Ak|dvkg|ahkgm egvcd|r jg~d r|vakidk| vdwtavdedk|r akbmtlaki

bhepmagkbd ya|j nhhl rgnd|q italdmakdr- mgfdmaki gkl lhbtedk|g|ahk vdwtavdedk|r+ \gvid|dlegvcd|r nhv pvhbdrrdl egkihdr gvd |jd eal%vgkid |h jaij%dkl rdiedk|r- fh|j nhv |jd lhedr|ab

gkl ak|dvkg|ahkgm egvcd|r+ Vd|gam egvcd|r akbmtld rtpdvegvcd|r- ivhbdvadr gkl rpdbagm|q r|hvdr+

Pvhbdrrdl Egkih Nmhy

Gr ya|j h|jdv nvta|r- egkihdr gvd pvhbdrrdl yjdk |jd gehtk| hn pvhltbd bgkkh| fd

gfrhvfdl fq |jd nvdrj nvta| egvcd| gr g vdrtm| hn dzbdrr rtppmq hv fdbgtrd |jd r|gklgvlr hn |jd

nvdrj%nvta| egvcd| bgkkh| fd ed|+ Pvhbdrrdl pvhltb|r gvd |jtr ld~dmhpdl+ Pgv| hn |jd kdih|ag|ahk

fd|yddk pvhbdrrhvr gkl ftqdvr ak~hm~dr pvhltb| glotr|edk|r |h rta| |jd ftqdvr rpdbanabg|ahkr

gkl bhepmq ya|j aephv|aki bhtk|vq r|gklgvlr+ H|jdv pvhltb| nhver gvd d~dk|tgmmq vdwtdr|dl fq

|jd ftqdvr ak vdrphkrd |h |jd ivhyaki egvcd| nhv pvhbdrrdl egkih+

\jd ~gmtd bjgak hn pvhbdrrdl egkih ar |jd rdwtdkbd hn d~dk|r nvhe |jd ngve ig|d |h |jd

bhkrhmalg|hv- |jdk |h |jd pvhbdrrhv- gkl nakgmmq |h |jd bhkrtedv+ \jd egak akpt| hn |jd akltr|vq arnvdrj egkihdr+ H|jdv akpt|r akbmtld rtigv *yjabj ar aephv|dl an mhbgm rtppmq ar rjhv|!- bjdeabgmr

*pvdrdv~g|a~dr- nhhl bhmhvr! gkl pgbcgiaki eg|dvagmr+ \jd egak ht|pt| ar lvadl egkihdr gkl

ptvdd+

Egkih rmabdr ak rqvtp gvd rtppmadl egakmq |h akr|a|t|ahkgm ftqdvr rtbj gr abd bvdge

egcdvr gkl ngr|%nhhl bjgakr3 |jdq jg~d kh rtfr|gk|agm vd|gam egvcd|+

\jd rdb|hvr ~gmtd bjgak trdr ak|dkra~d mgfhv+ Pvahv |h pvhbdrraki- egkihdr gvd ygrjdl

|jhvhtijmq ak yg|dv |vdg|dl ya|j 40 |h 700 ppe hn bjmhvakd rhmt|ahk+ Nhv |jd pvhltb|ahk hn lvadl

egkihdr- |jd nvta| ar pddmdl gkl rmabdl mdki|jyard+ Rqvtp ar pvdpgvdl fq eazaki yg|dv- rtigv gkl

rhlate ed|gfartmna|d+ \jd egkihdr gvd |jdk eazdl ak|h |jd rqvtp gkl fhamdl g| g bdv|gak

|depdvg|tvd+ Gr pvgb|abdl fq rhed pvhbdrrhvr- |jd egkih rmabdr gvd rhgcdl nhv |jvdd lgqr+ Gn|dv|jvdd lgqr- |jdrd gvd lvgakdl nvhe |jd rqvtp gkl lvadl ak edbjgkabgm lvqdvr g| rd| |depdvg|tvd

gkl jteala|q md~dmr- gkl nhv g rpdbanadl ltvg|ahk+ \jd egkihdr gvd |jdk bhhmdl g| vhhe

|depdvg|tvd hv gmmhydl |h rydg| rh |jg| |jd vdraltgm jdg| larrapg|dr+ \jd rtigv rhmalr gvd vdeh~dlnvhe |jd mh|- yjabj ar |jdvdgn|dv rhv|dl gkl pgbcdl+

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7:

Ak ptvdd pvhltb|ahk- |jd egkihdr gvd pddmdl gn|dv |jhvhtij ygrjaki+ \jd nmdrj ar rmabdl-

bt| ak|h regmm padbdr gkl |jdk ndl ak|h g *ld!ptmpdv hv jhehidkadl ak g fmdkldv nhv g rehh|j

bhkrar|dkbq+ \jd ptvdd ar jdg|dl ak g r|gakmdrr r|ddm ph| ak g ba|vab gbal eaz|tvd ya|j bhkr|gk|

r|avvaki+ \jdk a| ar pgbcdl ak fh||mdr yjabj gvd rtfrdwtdk|mq rtfedvidl ak g yg|dv fg|j nhv 20

eakt|dr+ \jd fh||mdr gvd |jdk bhhmdl vgpalmq |h 2: ldivddr Bdmratr+ \jd dzbdrr yg|dv ar yapdl

nvhe |jd bhk|gakdvr gkl r|hbcdl ak g bhhm gkl lvq pmgbd+

Pvhltb|ahk rtfbhk|vgb|aki ar kh| pvgb|abdl ya|jak |jd rdb|hv gm|jhtij glla|ahkgm mgfhv ar

depmhqdl ltvaki jgv~dr| rdgrhk nvhe Egvbj |h Otkd+ Pvhbdrrhvr hn ptvdd jg~d fddk ckhyk |h

ptvbjgrd ptvdd nvhe h|jdv rtppmadvr ak hvldv |h namm hvldvr+ G| |jd nakgm r|gid- |jd pvhltb|r gvd

pgbcgidl gkl lar|vaft|dl |h |jd egvcd|+

\jd pvhbdrr nmhy lagivge fdmhy aklabg|dr |jd ~dv|abgm makcr fd|yddk nvdrj nvta| rtppmadvr

gkl pvhbdrrhvr+ Rhed pvhbdrrhvr jg~d ~dk|tvdl ak|h |jdav hyk pvhltb|ahk hn egkih hv bhk|vgb|%

|h%ftq gvvgkidedk|r |h dkrtvd rtppmq hn |jdav vgy eg|dvagmr+ Ehr|- jhyd~dv- rd| tp |jdav hykftqaki r|g|ahkr gkl pgbcaki jhtrdr+

Naitvd 67+ Idkdvgm pvhbdrr nmhy+

\jd ehr| bva|abgm pgv|r hn |jd ~gmtd bjgak nhv |jd akltr|vq gvd |jd akfhtkl mhiar|abr

*pgv|abtmgvmq vgy eg|dvagm rhtvbaki!- hpdvg|ahkr- gkl egvcd|aki gkl rgmdr+ Vgy eg|dvagm rhtvbakiar g bhkbdvk fdbgtrd hn |jd rdgrhkgma|q hn |jd nvta|+ \jd akltr|vqr egohv arrtdr akbmtld naklaki

gm|dvkg|a~d pvdrdv~g|ahk |dbjkhmhiadr gbbdp|gfmd ak |jd ldr|akg|ahk bhtk|vadr gr ydmm gr |jd rdgvbjnhv glla|ahkgm egvcd|r- fh|j nhv |jd egkih%fgrdl pvhltb|r gkl |jd h|jdvr pvhbdrrdl nvhe h|jdv

nvta|r+

\jd ~gmtd bjgak lagivge *Naitvd 66!- ld~dmhpdl fgrdl hk vdrdgvbj gkl ak|dv~adyr ya|jcdq akltr|vq pmgqdvr- dkbgprtmg|dr gmm |jd akltr|vqr gb|a~a|adr+

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Naitvd66+

\jdpvhbdrrdlegkihrdb|hv~gmtdbjgaklagivge+

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Cdq Naklakir

\jd bheehk bhkbdvk gehki pvhbdrrhvr ar |jg| |jdvd gvd kh| dkhtij egkihdr |jdq bgk

trd g~gamgfmd g| gnnhvlgfmd pvabdr+ Gm|jhtij rtppmadr egq fd dkhtij ltvaki pdgc rdgrhk- |jdwtgma|q hn |jd nvta| egq kh| fd ihhl dkhtij nhv pvhbdrraki+

H|jdv |jgk |jd wtgma|q- pvabd ar g bhkbdvk nhv fh|j |jd rtppmadv gkl pvhbdrrhv+ Egkihdr gvdvgardl pvaegvamq nhv |jd nvdrj nvta| egvcd| fdbgtrd hn |jd fd||dv pvabdr |jar hnndvr+ Pvhbdrrhvr yamm

ftq hkmq g| g etbj mhydv pvabd+

\jd egkihdr nhv pvhbdrraki gvd |jhrd |jg| bgkkh| fd rhml hk |jd nvdrj nvta| egvcd|

fdbgtrd hn dzbdrr rtppmq hv fdbgtrd hn |jd phhv dz|dvkgm wtgma|adr hn |jd nvta|+ \jd g~gamgfama|q

gkl gnnhvlgfama|q hn vgy eg|dvagmr nhv pvhbdrrdl egkih pvhltb|ahk- |jdvdnhvd- ldpdkl hk |jd

ryaki hn ldegkl- fh|j mhbgm gkl ak|dvkg|ahkgm- hn |jd nvdrj%nvta| egvcd|+ \jd pvabdr yamm fd etbj

rhn|dv ak rtbj |aedr hn dzbdrr rtppmq hv yjdk ldegkl nvhe |jd nvdrj%nvta| egvcd| jgr fddk

rg|tvg|dl+ \jar ra|tg|ahk- yjamd fdkdnabagm nhv |jd pvhbdrrhv- ar g larakbdk|a~d nhv |jd ngvedv |h

ak~dr| ak akbvdgrdl pvhltb|ahk gkl wtgma|q aepvh~dedk|r+

Gkh|jdv bheehk pvhfmde gehki pvhbdrrhvr ar |jd akgfama|q |h lar|akitarj egkihdr ya|jak|dvkgm ldndb|r rtbj gr lgvcdkdl nmdrj- yja|d pgv|abmdr *vabdkdrr! gkl gbval |gr|d+ \jd

hbbtvvdkbd hn |jdrd ldndb|r jgr vdltbdl vdbh~dvadr gkl akbvdgrdl bhr|r gehki pvhbdrrhvr+ \jd

rdb|hv macdyard ngbdr g kddl |h fdkbjegvc gkl aepvh~d |jd dnnabadkbadr hn |jdav ngb|hvq yhvcdvr+

Pvhltb| r|gklgvlr kddl |h fd rd| gkl ehka|hvdl nhv bhepmagkbd+

H|jdv |jgk |jd rjhv|gid hn egkih rtppmq- hkd hn |jd ngb|hvr |jg| akjafa| pvhbdrrhvr nvhe

dzpgklaki ar |jd mgbc hn nakgkbaki |h ptvbjgrd kdy dwtapedk| |jg| yamm dzpgkl hv tpivgld

pvhltb|ahk hv ak|vhltbd kdy pvhltb|r+ Dr|gfmarjdl pvhbdrrhvr ya|j rdbtvd egvcd|r gkl egkih

rtppmq ba|d |jar pvhfmde+ \jdq bhkraldv grrar|gkbd ak |jd pvdpgvg|ahk hn ftrakdrr pmgkr gkl h|jdvfgkc vdwtavdedk|r g kddl+ H|jdv pvhbdrrhvr gmrh dzpdvadkbd bgrj nmhy pvhfmder- drpdbagmmq

ltvaki |jd pdgc egkih rdgrhk yjdk pvhbdrraki hpdvg|ahkr gvd 6< jhtvr g lgq+ Egkih ftqakiegq fd jgepdvdl ltd |h mgbc hn ntklr+

Pvhbdrrhvr gvd tkrtvd an |jdq gvd aepmdedk|aki IEP bhvvdb|mq+ H|jdv |jgk |jd |dbjkabgm

tkbdv|gak|q- pvhbdrrhvr mgbc ntklr |h ntmmq aepmdedk| IEP yjabj ar g pvdvdwtara|d nhv JGBBP

gbbvdla|g|ahk+

JGBBP jgr fdbhed g egohv bhkbdvk gehki pvhbdrrhvr fdbgtrd hn g vdwtavdedk| |jg|

yamm rhhk fd aephrdl fq |jd Dtvhpdgk Tkahk gkl |jd Tka|dl R|g|dr |jg| pvhbdrrdl pvhltb|r

rjhtml jg~d pgrrdl kdy rgnd|q gkl jqiadkd r|gklgvlr+ Pvhbdrrhvr gvd mhhcaki rpdbanabgmmq nhv gkgm|dvkg|a~d |h rtmna|d%fgrdl pvdrdv~g|a~dr+

\jd btvvdk| mgfdm ldraikr hn mhbgmmq egld egkih pvhltb|r gvd idkdvgmmq tkak|dvdr|aki gkl

tkgppdgmaki- ak bhk|vgr| |h |jd rhpjar|abg|dl- g||vgb|a~d pgbcgiaki hn bhkrtedv pvhltb|r ak |jd

Tka|dl R|g|dr+ \jd mgfdmr hk pvhbdrrdl egkih pvhltb|r ydvd bvdg|dl ya|jht| |jd fdkdna| hn g

bgvdntmmq |jhtij| ht| egvcd|aki r|vg|diq |jg| hher ak hk g rpdbanab egvcd| rdiedk|+ \jd pvdrdk|pgbcgiaki hn pvhbdrrdl egkih pvhltb|r- nhv dzgepmd- bhtml fd aepvh~dl ya|j |jd trd hn vd%

rdgmgfmd pgbcgidr gkl |jabcdv pmgr|ab+ H|jdv pgbcgiaki ldraikr rjhtml fd egld g~gamgfmd rh

jgklmaki |jd pvhltb| yamm fd dgradv nhv bhkrtedvr+

Hk nakgkbd- nhv gmehr| gmm vdrphkldk|r- 40 pdvbdk| hv ehvd hn hpdvg|ahkgm dzpdkrdr gvdrpdk| hk pvhltb|ahk+ Hk |jd g~dvgid- >9 pdvbdk| hn egkih pvhbdrrhvr |h|gm dzpdkrd ihdr |h

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pvhltb|ahk bhr|r+ Egvcd|aki gkl gleakar|vg|a~d(h~dvjdgl bhr|r gvd 77$ gkl 70$ vdrpdb|a~dmq+

\jd naver rpdkl mdrr |jgk 70 pdvbdk| hk V.L+

\h ia~d tr g lddpdv tkldvr|gklaki hn |jd egkih pvhbdrraki akltr|vq- g pvhfmde |vddgkgmqrar ygr nhvetmg|dl+

D vvg|ab rtppmq hn

wtgma|q nvdrj egkih

D vvg|ab rtppmq hn

wtgma|q nvdrj egkih

Mgbc hn wtgma|q

r|gklgvlr

Mgbc hn wtgma|q

r|gklgvlr

Pvdlheakgkbd hn

fgbcqgvl ivhydvr

Pvdlheakgkbd hn

fgbcqgvl ivhydvr

Ydgc makc fd|yddk

ngvedvr gkl

pvhbdrrhvr

Ydgc makc fd|yddk

ngvedvr gkl

pvhbdrrhvr

Akbvdgraki

pvhltb|ahk bhr |

ltd |h ldndb|r

Akbvdgraki

pvhltb|ahk bhr |

ltd |h ldndb|r

Akgfama|q |h lar|akitarj

egkihd r ya|j ak|dvkgm

ldndb|r

Akgfama|q |h lar|akitarj

egkihd r ya|j ak|dvkgm

ldndb|r

Jaij pvabd hn

nvdrj egki h *hnn%

rdgrhk!

Jaij pvabd hn

nvdrj egki h *hnn%

rdgrhk!

Jaij bhr| hn pvhltb|ahkJaij bhr| hn pvhltb|ahkMaea|dl egvcd| nhv |jd

pvhbdrrdl pvhltbd

Maea|dl egvcd| nhv |jd

pvhbdrrdl pvhltbd

Phhv egvcd|aki

r|vg|diq

Phhv egvcd|aki

r|vg|diq

P hhv pgbcgiakiP hhv pgbcgiaki

Mgbc hn |dbjkabgm

ckhymdlid hk Ihhl

egkgidedk|

Pvgb|abdr *IEP!

Mgbc hn |dbjkabgm

ckhymdlid hk Ihhl

egkgidedk|

Pvgb|abdr *IEP!

Bgrj nmhy

pvhfmder

Bgrj nmhy

pvhfmder

Maea|dl gbbdrr |h bvdla|Maea|dl gbbdrr |h bvdla|

Mgb c hn kdy

|dbjkhmhiq |h

dzpgkl pvhltb|ahk

Mgb c hn kdy

|dbjkhmhiq |h

dzpgkl pvhltb|ahk

R mhy dzpgkrahk hn

egkih pvhbdrrhvr

R mhy dzpgkrahk hn

egkih pvhbdrrhvr

Mgbc hn |dbjkabgm%

ckhy%jhy rcammr hn

ngb|hvq yhvcdvr

Mgbc hn |dbjkabgm%

ckhy%jhy rcammr hn

ngb|hvq yhvcdvr

Mgbc hn nhhl rgnd|q gkl

jqiadkd r|gklgvlr

Mgbc hn nhhl rgnd|q gkl

jqiadkd r|gklgvlr

Tkvdgmadl ph|dk|agmr hn

egkih pvhbdrraki akltr|vq

Tkvdgmadl ph|dk|agmr hn

egkih pvhbdrraki akltr|vq

Jaij bhr| hn

rtigv

Jaij bhr| hn

rtigv

Naitvd 62+ Pvhfmde |vdd hn pvhbdrrdl egkih+

L+ Pvabdr

7+ Yhvml PvabdrBhepgvarhk hn egkih pvabdr gehki lanndvdk| bhtk|vadr bgkkh| fd lhkd rakbd NGH

giivdig|dl egkih lg|g ya|j rhed h|jdv nvta|r+

6+ Lhedr|ab Pvabdr\jd lhedr|ab pvabdr hn egkih gvd idkdvgmmq akbvdgraki gm|jhtij |jdvd gvd nmtb|tg|ahkr+

Ngveig|d gkl yjhmdrgmd pvabdr hn ivddk bgvgfgh egkih ar akbvdgraki g| gk g~dvgid hn 0+04

pdvbdk| gkl < pdvbdk|- vdrpdb|a~dmq+ Macdyard- yjhmdrgmd gkl vd|gam pvabdr hn vapd bgvgfgh egkih

gvd akbvdgraki g| gk g~dvgid hn < pdvbdk|+

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Naitvd 6

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2+ Pvabd Nhveg|ahk(Lanndvdk|ag|ahk

Pvabd hn egkih ar fgrdl hk wtgma|q- gehki h|jdvr % nvdrj nvta|r id| pvdeate pvabdr+ H|jdv

pvabd ld|dveakgk|r gvd rdgrhkgma|q- pvhltb|ahk gkl egvcd|aki bhr|r- gkl lar|gkbd |h egvcd|r+

Egkih ar pvhltbdl egakmq nhv |jd nvdrj%nvta| egvcd|- fh|j dzphv| gkl mhbgm bhkrtep|ahk+Pvhltbdvr |gvid| egakmq |jd nvdrj nvta| egvcd| fdbgtrd |jar bheegklr fd||dv pvabdr |jgk vgaraki|jd nvta| nhv pvhbdrraki+ Nhhl pvhbdrraki ak bheedvbagm rbgmd ar fhvkd ht| hn |jd kddl |h nakl

jaijdv ~gmtd nhv dzbdrr pvhltb|ahk pvhltbd |jg| yhtml jg~d h|jdvyard dkldl tp gr ygr|d hvyhtml jg~d ptmmdl lhyk pvabdr+ *Pdgvm6 Pvhodb|- 600

Ftqdvr trtgmmq rd| |jd ngveig|d gkl yjhmdrgmd pvabdr |jvhtij bhk|vgb| gvvgkidedk|r ya|j

|jd ngvedvr+ Dzphv|dvr rd| |jdav ftqaki pvabdr fgrdl hk yhvml pvabdr+

G r|tlq Givaftrakdrr Rqr|de nhv R|g|ar|abgm Aknhveg|ahk Rdv~abdr gkl \dbjkhmhiq *GRRAR\-

711

D+ RYH\ GkgmqrarFdmhy ar |jd RYH\ gkgmqrar nhv egkih+ *Rhtvbdr? LG IEG%J^BB- 600:3 Egkih

Akltr|vq R|vg| Pmgk gkl Tplg|dr- Kh~defdv 600>3 LG Egkih R|vg|diab Gb|ahk Pmgk- Egvbj 60023

Lg~gh Vdiahk Akltr|vq Bmtr|dv Pmgk- Egvbj 600:+!

\jd r|vdki|jr gvd? bgvgfgh egkih ar bhkraldvdl hkd hn |jd fdr| ~gvad|adr3 qdgv%vhtkl

pvhltb|ahk phrrafmd3 |qpjhhk%nvdd gvdg *Eaklgkgh!3 rta|gfmq ivhyk ak lanndvdk| givh%bmaeg|d

vdiahkr ya|j g~gamgfmd gvdgr nhv dzpgkrahk3 g~gamgfama|q hn pvhltb|ahk gkl pvhbdrraki

|dbjkhmhiadr3 4|j ehr| bhkrtedl nvta| ak |jd yhvml *gn|dv ba|vtr- ivgpdr- fgkgkg gkl gppmd!3 pdgcrdgrhk bhakbaldr ya|j |jd ehr| ng~hvgfmd egvcd| ak Jhkichki(Bjakg3 pvahva|q nvta| bvhp

rtpphv|dl fq egohv pvhivger hn LG- L\A gkl LHR\3 gkl PBGGVVL jgr fddk ak |jd nhvdnvhk|

hn rd||aki tp |jd Egkih Aknhveg|ahk Kd|yhvc *EAK!- yjabj pvh~aldr aknhveg|ahk gkl tplg|dr hk

gmm grpdb|r hn |jd egkih+

\jd ydgckdrrdr gvd egkq? gfrdkbd hn |vgkrrjapedk| ngbama|adr nhv nvdrj egkih ak |jdvdiahk3 mgbc hn phr|jgv~dr| ngbama|adr3 mgbc hn nhvygvl gkl fgbcygvl makcgid fd|yddk

ivhydvr(rtppmadvr gkl ftqdvr(dzphv|dvr- yjabj jgr gnndb|dl |jd egkihr egvcd| ph|dk|agm3

akbhkrar|dk| wtgma|q gkl wtgk|a|q hn rtppmq ltd egakmq |h |jd pvdlheakgkbd hn fgbcqgvl ngver3

jaijmq pdvarjgfmd *rjhv| r|hvgid mand gkl rtrbdp|afmd |h lardgrdr!3 mgbc hn wtgma|q *bdv|anadl!pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr3 pvdlheakgkbd hn fgbcqgvl ngver jdkbd |jd pvhfmde hk akbhkrar|dk| rtppmq hn

wtgma|q nvta|r3 largiivdig|dl rdb|hv gkl etm|amgqdvdl vdrtm|aki ak egvcd|aki akdnnabadkbadr3 mhki

idr|g|ahk pdvahl3 dvvg|ab gkl vdmg|a~dmq mhy qadml3 rtrbdp|afmd |h vgkid hn akrdb| pdr|r- lardgrdr gkl

larhvldvr3 ldpdkldkbd hk aephv|dl bjdeabgmr3 gfrdkbd hn vditmg|ahkr nhv wtgma|q bhk|vhm3

pdr|abald vdraltd gkgmqrar ntkb|ahk ar ~dvq ydgc3 mgbc hn |vgbdgfama|q rqr|de3 mgbc hn gygvdkdrr hk

nhhl rgnd|q3 pvhjafa|ahk(vditmg|ahk hn glla|a~dr ak pvhbdrrdl pvhltb|r3 jaij nvdaij| bhr| gklakgldwtg|d |vgkrphv| ngbama|adr3 Akdnnabadk| larrdeakg|ahk hn |dbjkhmhiadr(aknhveg|ahk3 Akgldwtg|d

egvcd|aki gkl h|jdv bva|abgm aknhveg|ahk |h rtpphv| ldbarahk%egcaki hn akltr|vq pmgqdvr3 gkl

lannabtm|q ak gbbdrraki nakgkbagm grrar|gkbd nvhe nakgkbaki akr|a|t|ahkr

Jhyd~dv- |jd hpphv|tka|adr gfhtkl? hpphv|tka|q hn bhk|vhmmdl g|ehrpjdvd *BG! |hpvhmhki rjdmn%mand egcaki rjapedk| phrrafmd |h lar|gk| egvcd|r3 jaij ldegkl nhv rdmdb|dl pvhltb|

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6 ammtr|vg|dr |jd pvhfmde |vdd gkgmqrar nhv nvdrj egkih+

Mgbc hn aepmdedk|g|ahk

hn pvhltb| ivgldr gkl

r|gklgvlr

Mhy wtgma|q hn pvhltb|rDvvg|ab gkl vdmg|a~dmq mhy

qadml

Mhki idr|g|ahkpdvahl

Mgb c hn |dbjkabgm%

ckhy%jhy rcamm hn

ivhydvr

Mgbc hn egvcd|

aknhveg|ahk *pvabd -

~hmted- ftqdvr- wtgma|q

vdwtavdedk|r!

Mgb c hn wtgma|q

pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr

*bdv|anadl rddlr!

Pvdlheakgkbd hn

fgbcqgvl ngve

Akdnnabadk| larrdeakg|ahk

hn aknhveg|ahk(

|dbjkhmhiq

Mgb c hn nhvygvl gkl

fgbcygvl makcgid fd|yddk

ivhydvr(rtppmadvr gkl

ftqdvr(dzphv|dvr

Bhepvdjdkra~d

Givgvagk V dnhve

M gy

Lanndvdkbdr ak

jgklmaki pvgb|abdr g|

dgbj r|gid

Mgbc hn phr|%jgv~dr|

ngbama|adr

Aepvhpdv phr|%

jgv~dr| bhk|vhm

Jaij bhr | hn

givabtm|tvgm

bjdeabgmr

Rtr bdp|afmd |h vgkid hn

akrdb| pdr|r- lardgr dr

gkl larhvldvr

Akgldwtg|d gbbdrr |h

bvdla|

Jaij nvdaij|(rjappaki

bhr|

Mgbc hn egvcd| gbbdrr

Gfrdkbd hn |vgkrrjapedk|ngbama|adr nhv nvdrj egkih

ak |jd vdiahk

Lannabtm|q ak edd|aki

r|gklgvlr vdwtavdl

fq dzphv| egvcd|

REDR bgkkh| edd|

~hmted gkl wtgma|q

vdwtavdedk|r

Akbhkrar|dk| wtgma|q gkl wtgk|a|q hn rtppmq

Mhy akbhed hn

ivhydvr

Mgbc hn |vgbdgfama|q rqr|de

Naitvd 6>+ Pvhfmde |vdd hn nvdrj egkih+

\jd rtppmq bjgak hn egkih akltr|vq ak~hm~dr egkq mgqdvr hn eallmdedk(|vgldvr yjabj

vdrtm|r ak gk akdnnabadk| egvcd|aki rqr|de+ Laigm *6004! jgr kh|dl |jg| hkd hn |jd bhkbdvkr ak |jd

akltr|vq ar |jd ydgc nhvygvl gkl fgbcygvl makcgidr fd|yddk ivhydvr(rtppmadvr gkl

ftqdvr(dzphv|dvr+ \jar rd|%tp jgr gnndb|dl |jd dnnabadk| nmhy hn egvcd| aknhveg|ahk gehki |jd

pgv|abapgk|r ak |jd bjgak+ \jtr- |jd ld~dmhpedk| hn egkihr ph|dk|agm egvcd| ar jakldvdl+ + Ya|j

maea|dl egvcd| aknhveg|ahk- |jd ivhydvr gvd tkgygvd hn |jd vdwtavdedk|r hk rad gkl wtgma|q hn

|jd dzphv|dvr gkl pvhbdrrhvr fdbgtrd ehr| hn |jdav pvhltbd ar bhtvrdl |jvhtij bhk|vgb| ftqdvr-

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yjhmdrgmdvr- yjhmdrgmdv%vd|gamdv gkl ftqaki r|g|ahkr+ \jar ar ntv|jdv giivg~g|dl fq |jd mgbc hn

aepmdedk|g|ahk hn pvhltb| ivgldr gkl r|gklgvlr- yjabj mdg~d |jd ivhydvr ya|j kdimaiafmd

bheegkl h~dv |jd pvabd hn |jdav bheehla|q+ \jd pvdlheakgkbd hn fgbcqgvl ivhydvr- yjabj ar

jaijmq gnndb|dl fq |jd aepmdedk|g|ahk hn givgvagk vdnhve mgy- gmrh bhk|vaft|dr |h |jd raikanabgk|

~gvag|ahk hk |jd wtgma|q hn |jd pvhltbd+ \jar bgk fd dzpmgakdl fq |jd lanndvdkbdr ak ivhyaki

bhkla|ahkr gkl givabtm|tvgm pvgb|abdr gehki |jd regmm rbgmd ivhydvr yjabj gvd hn|dk fgbcqgvlivhydvr+ Ntv|jdv- rhed hn |jd ihhl givabtm|tvgm pvgb|abdr rtbj gr pvhpdv ivhyaki hn nvta| gkl

gbbdrr |h pvhltb|ahk |dbjkhmhiq gkl vdrhtvbdr gvd hkmq rjgvdl gehki ndy ngvedvr+ \jar jakldvr

|jd dkjgkbdedk| hn nvta| qadml gkl aepvh~aki |jd wtgma|q hn |jd bheehla|q+

Ak rhed bgrdr- ivhydvr trtgmmq dkigid bhk|vgb|hvr(rpvgqdvr nhv rdgrhkgm pvhltb|ahk hn

egkih |h g~hal pvhltb|ahk varcr+ Jhyd~dv- bhk|vgb|hvr lh kh| ndv|amad |vddr gkl bhk|vhm pdr| hkmq

ltvaki nmhydvaki gkl nvta|aki r|gid hn egkih+ \jar vdrtm|r ak mhy qadml gkl phhv wtgma|q hn nvta|+

Gmrh- vdigvlmdrr hn bjgkidr ak |jd egvcd| pvabdr- |jar rd|%tp fd|yddk ivhydvr gkl|vgldvr(eallmdedk grrtvdr |jd regmm ivhydvr g kd| akbhed+ Tkldv |jar rbjded- jhyd~dv- |jd

ivhydv ar tkgfmd |h aepvh~d kda|jdv jar akbhed khv jar pvhltb|a~a|q+

H|jdv ngb|hvr |jg| gnndb| |jd wtgma|q hn egkih nvta| gvd akgldwtg|d rtpphv| ngbama|adr-

aepvhpdv phr|%jgv~dr| bhk|vhm gkl lanndvdkbdr ak jgklmaki pvgb|abdr g| dgbj r|gid ak |jd phr|%

jgv~dr| gkl egvcd|aki bjgak+

Arrtdr |jg| gnndb| makcgid ld~dmhpedk| ak |jd rdb|hv gvd gmrh kh|gfmd ak rjappaki |jd nvta|

nvhe ngve |h |jd egvcd| ldr|akg|ahk+ \vgkrphv|g|ahk dzpdkrdr ak rjappaki |jd bheehla|q |h |jd

egvcd| gvd vdmg|a~dmq jaij ltd |h |jd gvbjapdmgiab kg|tvd hn |jd bhtk|vqr idhivgpjq+ Egkih ar kh|

bhkraldvdl pvahva|q bgvih- jdkbd- |jd jaijmq pdvarjgfmd kg|tvd hn |jd bheehla|q jg~d g rgq hk |jd

mhrrdr hn |vgldvr gkl dzphv|dvr yjdkd~dv nvdrj bheehla|q ar kh| jgklmdl pvhpdvmq gkl kh|

|vgkrphv|dl hk |aed+

G| |jd ngve pvhltb|ahk md~dm- bjhabd hn wtgma|q pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr ar gr raikanabgk| gr |jdgppvhpvag|d ckhymdlid gfht| |jd pvhpdv |dbjkawtdr ak ivhyaki egkih |h pvhltbd wtgma|q nvta|r+

KRAB%vdiar|dvdl egkih ~gvad|adr gvd g~gamgfmd g| FPA%Itaegvgr Kg|ahkgm Egkih Vdrdgvbj gklLd~dmhpedk| Bdk|dv *FPA%IKEVLB!- Rgk Eaitdm- Ohvlgk- Itaegvgr gkl ak gbbvdla|dl

ktvrdvadr+

\jdvdnhvd- ngvedvr jg~d kh grrtvgkbd hk |jd wtgma|q hn |jd pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr |jdq gvd

ptvbjgraki+ Jhyd~dv- gk arrtd hk wtgma|q pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr ar otr| hkd hn |jd egkq pvhfmder

dkbhtk|dv fq |jd ivhydvr g| |jd ngve pvhltb|ahk md~dm+ A| ar gmrh aepdvg|a~d ak pvhltbaki wtgma|q

nvta|r |h ckhy |jd gppvhpvag|d |dbjkawtdr ak ivhyaki |jd egkih+ Ngamtvd hn |jd ivhydvr |h

pvhpdvmq aepmdedk| |jd |dbjkabgm vdwtavdedk|r ar egakmq g||vaft|dl |h mgbc hn ckhymdlid gklvdrhtvbdr yjabj jgr gmrh fddk gk hfr|vtb|ahk ak gbjad~aki jaijdv wtgma|q qadml+ Vdrhtvbdr rtbj gr

|dbjkhmhiq gkl gbbdrr |h bvdla| jg~d pmgqdl g raikanabgk| vhmd ak akbvdgraki pvhltb|a~a|q-

aepvh~aki |jd wtgma|q hn nvdrj pvhltbd gkl aepvh~aki |jd akbhed hn |jd ivhydvr+ Ak ehr| bgrdr-

fgkcr lh kh| gbbdp| bhmmg|dvgm mgkl tkldv |jd Bhepvdjdkra~d Givgvagk Vdnhve Pvhivge *BGVP!+

Ak glla|ahk- rhed hn |jd g~gamgfmd mhgkr hnndvdl fq fgkcr jg~d r|vakidk| vdwtavdedk|r- yjabj gvd

lannabtm| nhv |jd ngvedvr |h edd|+ \jar mdg~dr |jd ngvedvr ya|j ~dvq maea|dl bgpa|gm |h rtr|gak |jdav

pvhltb|ahk+

Macdyard- vdrhtvbdr rtbj gr |dbjkhmhiq gvd gr aephv|gk| gr gbbdrr |h bvdla|+ Nhv akr|gkbd

ltvaki |jd hnn%rdgrhk pvhltb|ahk- rtppmadvr hn |jd bjdeabgmr drpdbagmmq ph|grrate ka|vg|dr gvd

hkmq maea|dl+ Ivhydvr- drpdbagmmq |jhrd ya|j fgbcqgvl ngve yhtml ptvbjgrd |jd bjdeabgmr akvd|gam ltd |h nakgkbagm bhkr|vgak|+ Jdkbd- ivhydvr bhtmlk| edd| |jd vdwtavdl gehtk| h n bjdeabgmr

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|h egak|gak gkl pvhltbd wtgma|q nvta|r+ \jd mgbc hn pvhpdv |dbjkhmhiq |h grrtvd bhkrar|dk| wtgma|q

gkl rtppmq jgr gmrh jakldvdl |jd gl~gkbdedk| hn egkih akltr|vq+ Rakbd fgbcqgvl ivhydvr gvd

pvdlheakgk| rtppmadv hn |jd bheehla|q- |jdvd ar kh grrtvgkbd hn tkanhve gkl bhkrar|dk| rtppmq

hn nvdrj egkihdr+ Jdkbd- |jdvd ar gk gppgvdk| mgbc hn aknhveg|ahk gkl larrdeakg|ahk hn

pvhltb|ahk gkl phr| pvhltb|ahk ngbama|adr+

Gkh|jdv pvhfmde |jg| ar pvd~gmdk| ak |jd akltr|vq ar |jd mgbc hn |vgbdgfama|q rqr|de+ Mgvid

dzphv|dvr rhtvbd |jdav nvta|r nvhe ivhydvr hv |jvhtij yjhmdrgmdv+ \jdrd dzphv|dvr egkgid |jdav

ftrakdrrdr ak g bhvphvg|d egkkdv yjdvd gmm |vgkrgb|ahkr gvd vdbhvldl gkl nhvegm bhk|vgb|r gvd

lvgyk ya|j ftqdvr(pgv|kdvr ya|jak gkl ht|rald |jd bhtk|vq |h pvh~ald fgrar nhv gb|ahk gkl

ldbarahk%egcaki+ \jd hvigkag|ahkgm r|vtb|tvd hn mgvid dzphv|dvr gmmhy nhv rdpgvg|d ntkb|ahkr gkl

vdrphkrafama|adr pgv|abtmgvmq ak rhtvbaki- phr|%jgv~dr| jgklmaki- pgbcgiaki- egvcd|aki gkl

lar|vaft|ahk hn |jdav pvhltbd+ Jhyd~dv- a| ar r|amm kh|gfmd |jg| |jdvd ar r|amm jaij akbaldkbd hn mhy

vdbh~dvq nhv dzphv|gfmd wtgma|q egkihdr+ Ldrpa|d hn |jar r|g|ar|abr- |jdvd jgr r|amm fddk kh |vgbcakihv ehka|hvaki rqr|de |h |vgbd |jd rhtvbdr gkl bgtrdr hn vdodb|ahk+

Gppgvdk|mq- akbhedr hn |jd ivhydvr gvd jaijmq gnndb|dl ya|j |jd arrtdr pvd~gamaki ak |jdegkih akltr|vq+ Ivhydvr gvd gmrh tkgfmd |h edd| |jd ~hmted gkl wtgma|q r|gklgvlr rd| fq |jd

dzphv| egvcd|+ Kh|d jhyd~dv |jg| |jd Pjamappakd egkih akltr|vq ar ngavmq bhepd|a|a~d ldrpa|d |jd

akbvdgraki ktefdv hn bhepd|a|hvr ak |jd nhvdaik egvcd|+ Jdkbd- gllvdrraki |jdrd arrtdr yhtml

pvhfgfmq cddp |jd Pjamappakd egkih akltr|vq ehvd bhepd|dk| ak |jd ak|dvkg|ahkgm egvcd|+

AAA+ RTEEGVQ- PHMABQ AEPMABG\AHKR GKL VDBHEEDKLG\AHKR

\jd egkih akltr|vq vdegakr imhfgmmq bhepd|a|a~d gmvdglq ft| fai aepvh~dedk|r bhtmlr|amm fd lhkd ak |dver hn pvhltb|ahk gkl qadml- gkl ak |jd rtppmq bjgak+ Pvhltb|ahk ar akbvdgrakiltd |h gvdg dzpgkrahk+ Jhyd~dv- qadml jgr fddk ldbvdgraki+

Idkdvgmmq- |jd bhtk|vqr dzphv| hn nvdrj egkih *711:%600:! jgr vdbhvldl g kdig|a~d

ivhy|j g| gk g~dvgid hn : pdvbdk|+ Ak rhed pgv|abtmgv qdgvr- dzphv|r jg~d rjhyk g kdimaiafmd

akbvdgrd+ Jhyd~dv- |jd bhtk|vq ygr kh| gfmd |h rtr|gak rtbj akbvdgrd+ \jtr- |jar hfrdv~g|ahk bgmmr

nhv g ivdg|dv g||dk|ahk |h gl~gkbd |jd pvhltb|a~a|q gkl bhepd|a|a~dkdrr hn |jd bhtk|vqr egkih

akltr|vq+

Rhed ak~dr|edk| hpphv|tka|adr aldk|anadl fq IEG%J^BB ydvd ndv|amadvr *akbmtlaki

hvigkab ndv|amadvr!- pdr|abaldr- fah pdr|abaldr- lvqdvr- rdgmaki gkl pgbcgiaki dwtapedk|- fmgr|nvdddvr- pvhbdrraki dwtapedk| nhv egkih ptvdd- otabd- lvadl gkl phyldvdl egkihdr- egkihptmp pvhbdrraki egbjakd- ~gphv jdg| |vdg|edk| ngbama|adr- gkl dz|dkldl jh| yg|dv |vdg|edk|

ngbama|adr+ Gppgvdk|mq- ehvd ak~dr|edk|r yhtml bhed ak an |jd igpr gvd gllvdrrdl+

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\gfmd 6+ Arrtdr gkl vdbheedklg|ahkr ak |jd egkih akltr|vq

Rtppmq bjgak Arrtd(Igp Vdbheedklg|ahk

A+ Akpt| Rtppmq Rtfrqr|de

Rddlr gkl Rddlmakir- d|b+ Akrtnnabadk| pmgk|aki

eg|dvagmr ya|j jaij

wtgma|q

Ld~dmhpedk| hn kdy ~gvad|adr-

~gvad|gm aepvh~dedk| |jvhtij

fah|dbjkhmhiq- gbbvdla|g|ahk hn

ktvrdvadr- gkl ak|dkranabg|ahk hn V. L |jvhtij RTBr+

Ndv|amadv gkl Pdr|abald Akbvdgraki bhr|r Aepvh~dedk| hn mhiar|abr3

t|amag|ahk hn hvigkab ndv|amadvr

Givabtm|tvgm

Egbjakdvq(dwtapedk|

Kddl nhv r|gklgvlr ak

ngve dwtapedk|

Dr|gfmarjedk| hn r|gklgvlr

Mgfhv Akbvdgraki bhr| hn mgfhv Egzaeag|ahk hn ngeamq mgfhv

AA+ Pvhltb|ahk Rtfrqr|de Akbhkrar|dk| rtppmq3

nvgiedk|dl pvhltb|ahk

Dzpgkrahk hn pvhltb|ahk gvdgr3

ak|divg|ahk hn rtppmq

AAA+ Egvcd|aki Rtfrqr|de Akdnnabadk| egvcd|aki

rqr|de

Aepvh~dedk| hn mhiar|abr *|h

gllvdrr jaij phr|jgv~dr| mhrrdr!3

dr|gfmarjedk| hn |vgkr%rjapedk|

ngbama|adr3 vd~ara| |jd Nhhl \dveakgmgppvhgbj3 aepvh~d egvcd|

aknhveg|ahk rqr|der

A^+ Pvhbdrraki Rtfrqr|de Akgldwtg|d phr|jgv~dr|gkl pvhbdrraki ngbama|adr3

kddl nhv r|gklgvlr ak

dwtapedk|

Akbvdgrd gkl aepvh~dedk| akpvhbdrraki gkl phr|jgv~dr|

ngbama|adr3 t|amag|ahk hn

fah|dbjkhmhiq

^+ Rtpphv| Rtfrqr|de Akgldwtg|d rtpphv|

rqr|der

Pvh~arahk hn ehvd rtpphv| ngbama|adr

rtbj gr phv|r- ngve%|h%egvcd|

vhglr- bhml bjgak rqr|der-avvaig|ahk ngbama|adr3 gmrh vditmg|hvqgkl nhhl rgnd|q rqr|de *d+i+-

|vgbdgfama|q- lg|gfgrd(r!3 pvheh|ahkhn IGP3 bvdla| gkl bvhp akrtvgkbd

ngbama|adr3 r|vdki|jdk VLD rqr|de

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\jd gfh~dedk|ahkdl arrtdr gkl vdbheedklg|ahkr ydvd vdaknhvbdl fq akltr|vq pmgqdvr

ltvaki gk givaftrakdrr r|gcdjhmldv bhkrtm|g|ahk *LG- 600:!+ Rhed hn |jdav akraij|r gvd gr

nhmmhyr?

7+ Ev+ Vhfdv|h Fhffq Gehvdr? ak |dver hn phmabq- |jdvd ygr kh rpdbanabphmabq g||dklaki |jd arrtdr hn EVM+ An yd bhtml pvhpdvmq gllvdrr |jar- |jdkegvcd| ar otr| g wtdr|ahk hn pvabaki gkl wtgma|q hn Pjamappakd egkih+ Jd

ndm| |jd aephv|gkbd hn bmhrd ak|dvgb|ahk hv bhmmgfhvg|ahk hn pva~g|d rdb|hv

gkl |jd ih~dvkedk|+ Jd rtiidr|dl |vdg|aki ih~dvkedk| gr g ftrakdrr

pgv|kdv+ \jd nhmmhyaki gvdgr rjhtml fd ia~dk g||dk|ahk hn |jd ih~dvkedk|?

*7! ngve |h egvcd| vhglr |h aepvh~d phr| jgv~dr|- *6! ihhl givabtm|tvgm

pvgb|abdr d+i+ wtgma|q tkldv kg|ahkgm gkl ak|dvkg|ahkgm r|gklgvlr- |aeaki hn

pdr|abald gppmabg|ahk yjabj gvd |jd ehvd aephv|gk| bhkbdvkr3 *2!

glgp|g|ahk |h bmaeg|d bjgkid imhfgmmq givabtm|tvd ar gnndb|dl fq bmaeg|dbjgkid3 *

egkih fq ygq hn vdltbaki akpt|r ak ndv|amadvr- |gzdr- |gvannr gkl h|jdvr+

Jd gmrh dkbhtvgidl ngvedvr |h glgp| IGP kh| hkmq nhv dzphv| ft| gmrh nhvmhbgm egvcd| rakbd ehvd gkl ehvd pdhpmd gvd fdbheaki jdgm|j bhkrbahtr

khyglgqr+

6+ Ev+ Vh~ad ld mhr Rgk|hr *Vhfakg% Giva Pgv|kdvr!? dkbhtvgid pvtkaki hn hmlegkih |vddr gr a| bgk jdmp akbvdgrd pvhltb|ahk+ Ivgn|dl egkih jgr gmrh

mhkidv mand rpgk+ Jd dkbhtvgidr |jd ih~dvkedk| gr ydmm gr |jd MITr |h

nhbtr ak |dver hn pvhltb|ahk gkl ak|dkra~d |dbjkhmhiq+

2+ Ev+ Eabjgdm Mgh *Dzdbt|a~d ^abd Pvdraldk| CM\ Nvta|r% dzphv|dv hn egkihgkl h|jdv |vhpabgm nvta| pvhltb|r!? nhv |jd rtbbdrr hn |jd akltr|vq yd rjhtml

r|gv| ya|j |jd fgrab hk jhy |h aepvh~d |jd pvhltb|ahk bhr| gkl jhy |hjg~d g |dbjkhmhiq kddldl fq |jd pgv|adr+ Jd gmrh r|vdrrdl |jd aephv|gkbd

hn ih~dvkedk| gkl pva~g|d rdb|hv pgv|kdvrjap+ \jdvd ar g mh| |jg| bgk fd

lhkd ya|j |jd |dbjkhmhiq |h aepvh~d pvhltb|ahk bhr|+ \jvhtij |jd jdmp hn

|dbjkhmhiq yd bgk pvhltbd wtgma|q pvhltb|r gkl |jdk yd bgk bjhhrd htvhyk egvcd| g| g ~dvq bhepd|a|a~d pvabd+ Htv bhepd|a|a~dkdrr jgr fdbhed

mdrr gkl mdrr3 hkd ygq |h vdltbd bhr| ar |h nakl bmadk| |jg| yamm bh~dv |jd

h~dvjdglr hv aknvgr|vtb|tvdr+ Jd gmrh dkbhtvgidl ngvedvr |h nhve g

bhhpdvg|a~d |jg| yamm mdgl |h hvigkad pvhltb|ahk+ Jd rtiidr|dl |jg|Bhhpdvg|a~d Ld~dmhpedk| Gidkbq rjhtml bhkltb| ehvd |vgakaki hk

bhhpdvg|a~d egkgidedk|+ Jd gmrh depjgradl |jg| EVM arrtd rjhtml gmrh

fd gllvdrrdl+

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>+ Ev+ Lheakih Egegrai *Wtdhk!? LG rjhtml pvh~ald aknhveg|ahk yjdvdegkih bhtml fd fdr| ivhyk+

Ak g RGLP yhvcrjhp *6001! jdml ak Lg~gh- Ev+ Gk|hkah \dj- Pvdraldk| hn |jd Rht|jdvkEaklgkgh Egkih Akltr|vq Ld~dmhpedk| Bhtkbam *REEALB! vdbheedkldl |jg| pvhltb|ahk gkl

jgv~dr|aki rjhtml fd pvhivgeedl gehki pvhltbdvr rh |jg| rtppmq bhtml fd egld ehvd r|gfmdgkl g| |jd rged |aed eakaeaaki pvabd nmtb|tg|ahkr *a+d+- mhy pvabdr ltd |h h~dvrtppmq!+

\jd LG gmrh bhk|aktdr |h rtpphv| |jd egkih akltr|vq |jvhtij g kakd%phak| pvhivge

bhepvardl hn |jd nhmmhyaki *LG- 6001!?

Pvh~arahk hn bjdeabgmr nhv nmhydv akltb|ahk3

Bhkltb| hn |vgakaki gkl |vgakaki%vdmg|dl d~dk|r hk pdr| egkgidedk|3

Egak|dkgkbd hn dzar|aki ktvrdvadr gkl rbahk ivh~dr |h dkrtvd |jd g~gamgfama|q hn jaij wtgma|q

pmgk|aki eg|dvagmr3

Ftamlaki hn glla|ahkgm phr|jgv~dr| ngbama|adr *d+i+ pgbcakijhtrd- dz|dkldl jh| yg|dv

|vdg|edk| ngbama|adr- d|b+! Egcaki bvdla| ehvd gnnhvlgfmd gkl dgradv |h hf|gak ak rtpphv| hn ngvedvr dzpgkrahk pmgkr

gkl h|jdv aka|ag|a~dr3

Fvakiaki Namapakh nvta| ngvedvr |aedmq egvcd| aknhveg|ahk- gkl ngbama|g|d gmm |jd makcgidr |jdqvdwtavd |h egcd nvta| ngveaki pvhna|gfmd- pvhltb|a~d- gkl imhfgmmq bhepd|a|a~d3

Dkjgkbaki kg|ahkgm vditmg|hvq rdv~abdr- akbmtlaki htv bdv|anabg|ahk rqr|der- gkl htv pdr| varc

gkgmqrar gkl nhhl rgnd|q rdv~abdr3

Ld~dmhpaki gkl pvheh|aki fd||dv egkih ngveaki |dbjkhmhiadr kg|ahkyald fq dkjgkbaki htv

Vdrdgvbj- Ld~dmhpedk| gkl Dz|dkrahk rdv~abdr3 gkl

Dkrtvaki |jg| gk ak|divg|dl gppvhgbj ar |gcdk g| |jd ngve md~dm rh |jg| htv ngvedvr g| gmm |aedr

jg~d |jd kdbdrrgvq vdwtara|dr |h pvhltbd jaijdv qadmlr hn |jd fdr| phrrafmd wtgma|q+

\jd Pjamappakd Egkih Akltr|vq Ndldvg|ahk *PEAN! gkl h|jdv r|gcdjhmldvr bgk

bhepmdedk| |jar pvhivge |jvhtij |jd pvhltb|ahk gkl pvh~arahk hn akpt|r *hvigkab ndv|amadvr-pdr|abaldr gkl h|jdv fah%pdr|abaldr!3 bhkr|vtb|ahk hn g pgbcakijhtrd pdv gvdg gr bheehk rdv~abd

ngbama|q |h dkrtvd |jd rtppmq hn wtgma|q egkih nvta|r3 gkl bvdg|ahk hn g egvcd|aki gve |jg| yamm

rddc kdygkl dzpgkl dzar|akiegvcd|r- |vglaki pgv|kdvrjapr gkl ak~dr|edk|r- jdvd gkl

gfvhgl+ *LG- 6001!

Ehvdh~dv- vd~adyr hk |jd dzar|aki pvhivger nhvetmg|dl fq |jd ih~dvkedk| |h rhm~d |jd

bhkbdvkr hn |jd akltr|vq % nvhe gbbdrr |h givabtm|tvgm vdrhtvbdr gkl rdv~abdr |h egvcd|aknhveg|ahk% ar aepdvg|a~d ak r|vdki|jdkaki a|r bhepd|dkbd ak ldgmaki ya|j |jd pvd~gamaki arrtdrhn |jd nvta| akltr|vq+ Hkd ihhl dzgepmd ar |jd Nhhl \dveakgm Bhkbdp| yjabj ar ld~dmhpdl fq

LG+ \jar bhkbdp| ar drpdbagmmq ldraikdl |h ld~dmhp egvcd| aknvgr|vtb|tvd hn |jd akltr|vq fqdr|gfmarjaki bjgak hn egvcd|aki ngbama|adr nvhe ngve |h bhkrtedvr gkl ld~dmhpaki lar|vaft|ahk

bdk|dvr *nhhl |dveakgm jtfr! yjabj gvd ldraikg|dl vdiahkgm hv pvh~akbagm givh%akltr|vagm bdk|dvr

nhv pvhzaea|q |h ~gmtd%gllaki gkl pvhbdrraki gb|a~a|adr+ Gb|a~d ak~hm~dedk| hn MITr- KIHr-

pva~g|d rdb|hv- IHBBr- gkl ohak|%~dk|tvd fd|yddk gkq hn |jd pgv|adr gfh~d ar jaijmq dkbhtvgidl

|h hpdvg|d |jd jtfr rh |jg| |vglaki rqr|de yamm fd ehvd dnnabadk| gkl |vgkrpgvdk| gkl egvcd|

aknhveg|ahk yamm fd ehvd gbbdrrafmd |h |jd gidk|r hn |jd egvcd|+

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A^+ VDNDVDKBDRGivaftrakdrr Rqr|de nhv R|g|ar|abgm Aknhveg|ahk Rdv~abdr gkl \dbjkhmhiq+ GRRAR\+ *711

Egvcd|aki ak Kakd Rdmdb|dl Gvdgr ak |jd Pjamappakdr+ Rdp|defdv 711+

Kg|ahkgm Gbgldeq hn Rbadkbd gkl \dbjkhmhiq- Ldpgv|edk| hn Rbadkbd gkl \dbjkhmhiq+ *600:!+

Pjamappakd Givabtm|tvd 6060? G R|vg|diq nhv Ph~dv|q Vdltb|ahk- Nhhl Rdbtva|q-

Bhepd|a|a~dkdrr- Rtr|gakgfama|q- Otr|abd gkl Pdgbd+ Egak vdphv|+ Ogktgvq 600:+

Kg|ahkgm R|g|ar|abr Hnnabd+ *6006!+ Bdkrtr hn Givabtm|tvd gkl Narjdvadr+

Kg|ahkgm R|g|ar|abr Hnnabd+ *600:!+ Wtgk|a|q gkl gmtd hn Dzphv|r gkl Aephv|r- 711RGLP Vdiahk ZA Bhkrtm|g|a~d Yhvcrjhp+ Lg~gh Ba|q+ 6001+

RGLP Cdq Aknhvegk| Ak|dv~ady ya|j Ev+ Ohrdma|h Qgp- EAR Hnnabdv- Pvhnhhlr Ak|dvkg|ahkgmBhvphvg|ahk+ Bdft Ba|q+ 6001+

http://www.countrystat.bas.gov.ph/http://www.countrystat.bas.gov.ph/

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^+ GKKDZDR

Gkkdz 7+ Ivhrr ~gmtd ht|pt| hn rdmdb|dl nvta|r- g| bhkr|gk| pvabdr- 711:%600:+

*Rhtvbd? FGR- 6001!

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Gkkdz 6+ Mhiar|abr pvgb|abdr ak |jd egkih akltr|vq+

Dz|vgb|dl nvhe Bdk|dv nhv Vdrdgvbj gkl Bheetkabg|ahk+ Dkjgkbaki |jd Imhfgm Bhepd|a|a~dkdrr hn

Givaftrakdrr |jvhtij g R|vg|diab gkl Ak|divg|dl \vgkrphv|g|ahk Gb|ahk Pvhivge+ 7111+

Pgbcgiaki

\jd pgbcgiaki pvgb|abdr fq ivhydvr % Gn|dv jgv~dr|- |jd hkmq gb|a~a|q trtgmmq lhkd ar

pgbcaki rh |jg| |jdq yamm ckhy jhy etbj cgakir gvd |h fd ia~dk |h |jd ftqdvr+ \jd vdr| lhkh| lh gkq h|jdv gb|a~a|q gn|dv jgv~dr| rakbd |jdq pvgb|abd |jd Pgcqgy rqr|de+

Rakbd egkihdr gvd lavdb|mq rhml gn|dv jgv~dr|- phr| pvhltb|ahk gb|a~a|adr gvd khy

pgrrdl hk |h |jd ~agodvhr gkl |vgldvr+ \jar pvgb|abd hn lavdb| ftqaki hv ftqaki nvhe |jd |vdd

dmaeakg|dr |jd kddl nhv r|hvgid ngbama|adr+

Egkihdr gvd trtgmmq pmgbdl ak cgakir egld hn fgefhh+ \jar ar g ~dvq phptmgv

pgbcgiaki eg|dvagm ltd |h a|r gnnhvlgfama|q gkl g~gamgfama|q+ Dgbj cgaki bhk|gakr 7:%67 camhrhn egkihdr+ Hkd ivhydv trdr vdb|gkitmgv bgv|hkr gr pgbcgiaki eg|dvagm ya|j dgbj ydaijaki

gvhtkl 7: camhr dgbj+ \jar |qpd hn pgbcgiaki ar idgvdl |hygvlr |jd dzphv| egvcd|+

\jd pgbcgiaki pvgb|abdr hn Yjhmdrgmdvr(Vd|gamdvr(\vgldvr(^agodvhr(Dzphv|dvr(Ftqaki

Gidk|r % Gehki |jd egkq egkih ~gvad|adr- |jd ehr| bheehk ~gvad|adr fhtij| gkl rhml gvd

Bgvgfgh- Pabh gkl Aklagk egkih+ Gb|a~a|adr lhkd fq |jar ivhtp gvd eazdl+ Egohva|q lh

rhv|aki%vdpgbcaki yjamd |jd vdr| otr| lh rhv|aki- pgbcaki- ivglaki- bmdgkaki%ivglaki gkl

rhv|aki%pgbcaki+

Bmdgkaki ar lhkd egakmq |h vdeh~d rgp gkl aepvh~d |jd gppdgvgkbd hn egkihdr nhv

rdmmaki+ Rhv|aki ar egakmq |h bmgrranq |jd egkihdr fq rad(bmgrr |h ld|dveakd |jd rdmmaki pvabd+

\jar ar gmrh lhkd |h rdd yjabj egkihdr gvd ltd |h vapdk dgvmq |jgk |jd vdr|+ Fgl egkihdr hvvdodb|r gvd macdyard- rdivdig|dl g| |jar r|gid+ Ivglaki ar lhkd |h gvvgkid |jd egkihdr fq radr

gkl bmgrrdr+ Pgbcaki ar lhkd |h pvh|db| |jd egkihdr ltvaki |vgkrphv|+ Pgbcaki eg|dvagmr trdlgvd fgrcd|- cgaki- fhz- bgv|hk gkl bvg|d ya|j dgbj ydaijaki nvhe 60 |h 64 camhr+ Rhed

egkihdr gvd gmrh pgbcdl traki |jd famgh yjabj ydaijr

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2- edlate 710%60%7:1 rtpdv%regmm+ Tkldvradl nvta|r gkl |jhrd

ya|j d~aldk| fvtardr rjhtml fd rdpgvg|dl ak hvldv kh| |h lgegid |jd h|jdv nvta|r gkl |h

eakaead ntv|jdv jgklmaki hn |jd nvta| fdnhvd pgbcaki+ Rhv|aki ar rdmlhe pvgb|abdl jhyd~dv fq

ivhydvr+ Fdbgtrd r|vgaij| ftqaki ar |jd pvd~gamaki givddedk|- |jar ar trtgmmq pdvnhvedl g| |jd

dzphv|dvr mhbgm |vgldvr pgbcakijhtrd+

\vgkrphv|

Ehr| egkihdr gvd |vgkrphv|dl fq mgkl- ya|j oddpr gr |jd ehr| bheehk edgkr+Egkihdr gvd idkdvgmmq pmgbdl ak cgakir nhv |vgkrphv| hn yjabj 60%64 cgakir bgk fd mhgldl ak

g oddpkdq+ Gk g~dvgid hn 99+4 cgakir pdv yddc ya|j dgbj cgaki ydaijaki gk g~dvgid hn 62

camhr dgbj hn g |h|gm hn 7-9:6+4 camhr ar rjappdl d~dvq yddc+ Ldr|akg|ahkr hn |jd egkihdr gvd

|jd mhbgm egvcd| ak _gefgmdr gkl Ed|vh Egkamg+ Gmm pvhltbd gvd |vgkrphv|dl ak |jd ehvkaki

ya|j g egohva|q gr ngv gr La~arhvag+

Gav |vgkrphv| ar jgvlmq trdl- dzbdp| nhv dzphv|- fdbgtrd hn |jd jaij bhr| ak~hm~dl+

Nvta|r ak|dkldl nhv |jd mhbgm egvcd| gvd |qpabgmmq rjappdl fq mgkl hv rdg+ Kdy pgbcgiaki|dbjkhmhiq egq rhhk gmmhy mhki rjdmn mand gkl egcd ndgrafmd |jd rjapedk| hn dzphv|r fq rdg

|h ngv ldr|akg|ahkr+ Nhv rdg |vgkrphv|- nvta| ~gkr rjhtml fd trdl3 bjammdv fgkr gvd fdr| ftq ehvd

dzpdkra~d+ Nhv mgkl- vdnvaidvg|dl |vtbcr gvd fdr|- ft| nhv rjhv| lar|gkbdr- akrtmg|dl fgkr egqfd rtnnabadk|+

R|hvgid gkl Ygvdjhtraki

Bt||aki- r|hvgid- bjammaki gkl nvddaki gb|a~a|adr gvd kh| lhkd fgrdl hk |jd rtv~dq+

Jhyd~dv- gehki |jd fdr| pvgb|abdr |jg| bgk fd pvgb|abdl ar |jd trd hn mhy |depdvg|tvd r|hvgid

|h dz|dkl |jd ivddk mand hn g egkih+ Bgvgfgh egkihdr eg|tvd gfht| 70 lgqr gn|dv jgv~dr|+

\jhrd dzphrdl |h jh| yg|dv |vdg|edk| vapdk etbj dgvmadv+ G| 70 ldivddr bdk|aivgld- egkihbgk fd r|hvdl rgndmq nhv |yh yddcr gkl bgk fd dz|dkldl nhv hkd ehvd yddc an pmgbdl ak rdgmdl

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phmqd|jqmdkd fgi+ Jhyd~dv- bjammaki akotvq fdbhedr g pvhfmde ltvaki pvhmhkidl bjammdl

r|hvgid+ Tknhv|tkg|dmq- |jd pdvarjgfama|q hn egkihdr egcdr |jar pvhbdrr rdmlhe pvgb|abdl fq

ivhydvr+ Nvta|r gvd rhml aeedlag|dmq gn|dv jgv~dr| fdbgtrd ngvedvr gvd gnvgal hn akbtvvaki

mhrrdr+

\vgkrphv| Bhr|

Ak |vgkrphv|aki |jd egkihdr- hkmq |yh ngvedvr(ivhydvr ldma~dv |jd nvta|r |h |jdav

ftqdvr ak |jd ehvkaki fq trd hn |jdav hyk oddpr+ \jd wtgk|a|q |vgkrphv|dl pdv yddc vgkidr

nvhe 60 |h 70 cgakir+ Ldr|akg|ahkr hn |jd egkihdr gvd |jd mhbgm egvcd| ak _gefgmdr gkl

Ed|vh Egkamg+ \jd ndd bjgvidl pdv mhgl ar P20 |h P40+ Ak ehr| bgrdr- kh |vgkrphv| bhr| ar

akbtvvdl fq |jd ivhydv fdbgtrd |vgkrphv| ar pvh~aldl fq |jd ftqdv+ \vgkrphv|aki hkbd hv |yabd

g yddc- d~dvq mhgl yhtml bhr| gvhtkl P700%P2000+

Mhiar|abr Vdmg|dl Pvhfmder ak |jd Egkih Rdb|hv

\jd nhmmhyaki gvd gehki |jd mhiar|abr vdmg|dl pvhfmder ak |jd egkih rdb|hv? *7! phhv

jgklmaki ltvaki pgbcgiaki gkl |vgkrphv|g|ahk3 *6! akgldwtg|d jgklmaki dwtapedk|3 *2! mgbcrhn gppvhpvag|d r|hvgid ngbama|adr3 *

ld|dvahvg|ahk+ A| ar kh| r|vhki dkhtij |h jhml |jd nvta|r |jtr bgtraki a| |h rpamm ht| hn a|r

pgbcgiaki3 *4! mgbc hn phr| jgv~dr| ngbama|adr3 *>! phhv ngve%|h%egvcd| vhglr gr ydmm gr |jd

aepmdedk|g|ahk hn |jd |vtbc fgk3 *9! akgldwtg|d |dbjkabgm aknhveg|ahk larrdeakg|ahk pvhivge

hk phr| pvhltb|ahk |dbjkhmhiadr *a+d+- gmm |jd ngvedvr(ivhydvr akbmtldl ak |jd rtv~dq gvd

|h|gmmq kh| gygvd hn kdy |dbjkhmhiadr ak bhml bjgak- bhk|vhmmdl g|ehrpjdvd- r|hvgid gkl

|vgkrphv|+ Hkd ngvedv jgr jdgvl gfht| kdy pgbcgiaki |dbjkhmhiadr ft| jgr kh| glhp|dl |jd

|dbjkhmhiq+!3 *:! bhmmdb|ahk hn fgvgkigq nddr *a+d+- rhed edk|ahk |jd kddl nhv g ftrakdrrpdvea| ak hvldv |h hpdvg|d yjabj dk|gamr g qdgvmq ndd hn P900! gkl |hkir+ Ak glla|ahk- g pdvea|

nvhe |jd Ftvdgt hn Pmgk| Akltr|vq jgr |h fd rdbtvdl fdnhvd egkihdr bgk fd |vgkrphv|dl fq gavhv rdg+3 *1! Mgbc hn yhvcaki bgpa|gm gkl jaij ak|dvdr| vg|dr3 *70! nvta|r nvhe |jd mhbgm egvcd|

pgrr |jvhtij mgqdvr hn eallmdedk fdnhvd nakgmmq vdgbjaki |jd bhkrtedvr+ Navr|- |jd nvta|r pgrr|jvhtij |jd jgklr hn mhbgm grrdefmdvr- |jdk |h ~agodvhr- yjhmdrgmdvr gkl nakgmmq- |jd vd|gamdv+

\jar rqr|de egcdr |jd egvcd|aki bhr| ak~gvagfmq jaij- |jtr kddlr r|vdgemakaki+

H|jdv pvhfmder gvd? *77! jaij nvdaij| fq |jd mhbgm rjappaki akltr|vq3 *76! |jd rjhv|

rjdmn%mand hn egkihdr maea|r htv dzphv|r |h kdgvfq egvcd|r3 *72! egak bhkbdvkr fdrd||aki |jd

egvcd|aki hn egkih? rdgrhkgma|q hn pvhltb|ahk- jaij pdvarjgfama|q- akgldwtg|d nakgkbaki- gkl

phhv lar|vaft|ahk bjgkkdm+

Ak |dver hn |dbjkhmhiq- ngvedvr gvd |h|gmmq kh| gygvd hn kdy |dbjkhmhiadr ak bhml

bjgak- bhk|vhmmdl g|ehrpjdvd- gkl r|hvgid |vgkrphv|+ Hkd ngvedv jgr jdgvl gfht| kdypgbcgiaki |dbjkhmhiadr ftq |jd vdegakaki 4 ngvedvr ak|dv~adydl gvd kh| gygvd+

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2>

Gkkdz 2+ Pvabd nhveg|ahk nhv |jd egkih akltr|vq+

*Rhtvbd? GRRAR\+ Egkih Egvcd|aki ak Kakd Rdmdb|dl Gvdgr ak |jd Pjamappakdr- 711

\jar r|tlq rjhyr |jg| pvabd nhveg|ahk ar gvdg% gkl egkih |qpd%rpdbanab gkl gnndb|dl fq

egkq h|jdv ngb|hvr+

Ftqdvr rd| |jd pvabdr gr ydmm gr |jd ivglaki r|gklgvlr g| dgbj ftqdv%rdmmdv bjgak+ Nhvdzgepmd- fgvgkigq grrdefmdvr rd| |jd pvabd fgrdl hk r|gklgvlr trdl fq mgvid lar|vaft|hvr hv

grrdefmdvr(mgvid lar|vaft|hvr- yjh- ak |tvk- nhmmhy |jd r|gklgvlr *yjabj egqfd lanndvdk| nvhe

yjg| |jd fgvgkigq grrdefmdvr trd! gkl pvabdr rd| fq dzphv|dvr gkl dzphv|dvr(pvhbdrrhvr+ \jd

akltr|vqr pvabd%rd||dvr gvd |jd dzphv|dvr gkl dzphv|dv(pvhbdrrhv+

Pvabdr hn egkih lanndv gbvhrr radr gkl rdgrhkr+ G| |jd ngve md~dm- egkihdr egq fd

fhtij| fq fgvgkigq grrdefmdvr- grrdefmdvr(mgvid lar|vaft|hvr- gkl mgvid lar|vaft|hvr da|jdv hk

r|vgaij| pvabaki *mhbgmmq bgmmdl bhvvalg! hv hk pdv rad fgrar+

Yjhmdrgmd ftqaki pvabdr vgkid nvhe P:+00 |h P76+00 pdv camhivge ltvaki |jd pdgcrdgrhk nhv bhvvalg+ An egkihdr gvd rhml hk pdv rad fgrar- |jd pvabd lanndvdkbd gbvhrr radr

vgkidr nvhe P6+00 |h P2+00 pdv camhivge gr ammtr|vg|dl fdmhy?

Rad Yjhmd rgmd ftqaki pvabd

*P pdv camhivge!

Dz|vg mgvidMgvid- edlate

Regmm- ~dvq regmmMdn|%h~dv *MH!

7:+00 |h 60+0074+00 |h 7>+00

76+00 |h 7

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Amhamh

\jd pvabd hn egkih nhv lhedr|ab bhkrtep|ahk ldpdklr hk |jd nhmmhyaki ngb|hvr?

ldegkl gkl rtppmq md~dmr- rad- wtgma|q gkl bmgrr+

\jdvd ar g pvabd lanndvdkbd hn P4+00%P9+00 pdv camhivge fd|yddk bmgrrdr nhv yjhmdrgmdftqaki gkl yjhmdrgmd rdmmaki+ Nhv vd|gam rdmmaki- |jd pvabd lanndvdkbd fd|yddk bmgrrdr ar P7+00pdv camhivge+ Ltvaki mdgk ehk|jr yjdk ldegkl nhv egkihdr ar r|vhki- |jd pvabd ar jaijdv fq

P60+00 pdv camhivge+ Ak |jd rged egkkdv- an rtppmq ar gftklgk| |jd pvabd pmtkidr fq P60+00

pdv camhivge+

Dzphv|dvr- hk |jd h|jdv jgkl- gvd jaijmq ldpdkldk| hk yhvml egvcd| pvabdr+ \jd jdgl

hnnabdr hn egkih dzphv|dvr- trtgmmq mhbg|dl ak Egkamg- gvd ak bhkr|gk| |htbj ya|j dzphv|

egvcd|r |h ehka|hv pvd~gamaki pvabdr+ Rg|dmma|d bdk|dvr- rtbj gr |jd pmgk|g|ahkr ak Amhamh gkl

Itaegvgr- gmrh ehka|hv pvabdr wth|dl fq |jd jdgl hnnabd+

Ngvedvr hv ngvedvr(rpvgqdvr- bheearrahk gidk|r gkl |jd ~gvahtr |qpdr hn |vgldvr kddl|jd yjhmdrgmd ftqaki pvabd hn |jd VG(ML mhbg|dl g| |jd A\E+ A| ar g| |jar md~dm yjdvd pvabd

nhveg|ahk |gcdr pmgbd+ Egkih |vgldvr ak Amhamh ak idkdvgm dzpvdrrdl ak|dvdr| |h vdbda~dyjhmdrgmd ftqaki pvabd hn ivddk egkihdr ak Egkamg+

Ak |jd egkih bheehla|q rqr|de- Bdft gkl Egkamg ftqdvr trtgmmq rd| |jd pvabdr+

Rhv|aki ar lhkd g| |jd ngve md~dm fgrdl pvaegvamq hk |jd rpdbanabg|ahkr rd| fq ftqdvr+ Ak Amaigk-

egkihdr gvd bmgrranadl gbbhvlaki |h rad? dz|vg mgvid *ZM!- navr| bmgrr- rdbhkl bmgrr- |javl bmgrr

gkl nhtv|j bmgrr+ \jd ZM gkl navr| bmgrr egkihdr gvd fhtij| fq |vgldvr g| |jd rged pvabd

yjamd h|jdv radr jg~d gk g~dvgid hn P7+00 pdv camhivge pvabd lanndvdkbd+ Gehki |jd na~d

bmgrranabg|ahkr- ZM gkl navr| bmgrr gvd bhkraldvdl nvh dzphv| gkl |jd h|jdvr nhv mhbgm

bhkrtep|ahk+

Nhv Bgigqgk ld Hvh ftqdvr- pvabaki ar fgrdl hk |jd ydaij| hn |jd nvta|+ \jhrd nhv

dzphv| ydaij 600 ivger hv ehvd pdv padbd hk |jd g~dvgid+ Nhv fh|j bdk|dvr- |jd bhkla|ahk hn|jd nvta|- yjd|jdv | ar fvtardl hv rehh|j- ar gmrh bhkraldvdl+

Egkihdr pvhltbdl ya|jht| |jd gppmabg|ahk hn bjdeabgmr gvd macdyard rhml ak |jd mhbgm egvcd|r

gkl gvd rhml g| mhydv pvabdr+

\jd pvabd hn egkihdr nmtb|tg|dr raikanabgk|mq ltvaki pdgc pvhbtvdedk| ehk|jr+

Lg~gh

Lg~gh Ba|q |vgldvr yjh jg~d bhk|vgb| ftqdvr ak Bdft fgrd |jdav ftqaki pvabd hk Bdft

pvabdr+ An Bdft ftqr g| P72+00 pdv camhivge |jdq ftq |jd nvta|r nvhe |jd ngver g| P70+00 pdv

camhivge+ \jd P2+00 lanndvdkbd bh~dvr |jd hpdvg|aki dzpdkrdr- rjvakcgid gmmhygkbd gkl |jd

P7+00 pvhna|+ H|jdv |vgldvr fgrd |jdav ftqaki pvabd hk |jd rtppmq gkl ldegkl ra|tg|ahk- pvabd

hn h|jdv |vgldvr gkl |jd rad gkl wtgma|q hn nvta|r+

Nhv pgcqgy- ftqdvr pgq g mhydv pvabd rakbd |jdq bhkraldv |jd dzpdkrdr |jg| |jdq

yhtml akbtv ak |jd egak|dkgkbd hn |jd |vddr nvhe |jd r|gv| hn |jd bhk|vgb| tk|am jgv~dr|aki+Pgqedk| ar egld g| |jd r|gv| hn |jd bhk|vgb|+

Akpvdklg gvvadklh- ngvedvr vdbda~d gk d~dk etbj mhydv pvabd rakbd nvta|r gvd fhtij|qdgvr hv ehk|jr fdnhvd gb|tgm jgv~dr|+

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Rht|j Bh|gfg|h

Ak Rht|j Bh|gfg|h- fai |vgldvr fgrd |jdav rdmmaki pvabdr hk |jd pvabdr wth|dl fq

grrdefmdvr gkl mgvid lar|vaft|hvr ak Bdft gkl hk |jd rtppmq ldegkl ra|tg|ahk+ Mdgk ehk|jrgvd egvcdl fq jaijdv pvabdr |jgk pdgc ehk|jr+

Regmm lar|vaft|hvr gkl vd|gamdvr nhve |jdav pvabdr fq ngb|hvaki ak btvvdk| egvcd| pvabdr-wtgma|q gkl nvta| eg|tva|q+ Ivddk- eg|tvd egkihdr bheegkl jaijdv pvabdr |jgk vapd hkdr+

Ed|vh Egkamg

Yjhmdrgmd ftqaki pvabdr hn egkihdr gvd aknmtdkbdl fq Ed|vh Egkamg |vgldvr-

pgv|abtmgvmq ltvaki pdgc rdgrhkr+ Ltvaki mdgk ehk|jr- ngvedvr(rpvgqdvr g||dep| |h rd| |jdav

rdmmaki pvabd ft| |jd |vgldvr gmygqr kdih|ag|d+

Dzphv|dvr lab|g|d |jd pvabd hn egkihdr rtppmadl fq gt|jhvadl ldgmdvr+ A| ar kh| bdv|gak

an dzphv|dvr- ak |tvk- gvd lab|g|dl fq aephv|dvr nvhe h|jdv bhtk|vadr+

Yjhmdrgmd ftqaki pvabdr hn dzphv|dvr gvd jaijdv |jgk |jd ftqaki pvabdr hn mhbgm |vgldvr+

Ehvdh~dv- egkihdr nhv pvhbdrraki gvd pvabdl mhydv |jgk |jd pvd~gamaki pvabd ak |jd mhbgm

egvcd|- pgv|abtmgvmq h~dvvapd nvta|r+

Gbvhrr ~gvad|adr- bgvgfgh egkihdr bheegkl g fd||dv pvabd+ Pabh nhmmhyr ya|j gk

g~dvgid pvabd lanndvdkbd hn P4+00 pdv camhivge+ Aklagk egkih jgr |jd mhydr| pvabd gkl ar rhmlfq padbd+ Gbvhrr radr hn rged ~gvad|q- mgvid egkihdr gvd |jd ehr| dzpdkra~d+ G pvabd

lanndvdkbd hn P4+00 pdv camhivge dzar|r fd|yddk radr+

\jd regmmdr| bgvgfgh egkihdr bheegkl |jd jaijdr| vd|gam ak |jd Bjakdrd bheetka|q+

Bgmmdl fahbh- |jdq gvd kh|dl nhv |jdav rydd|kdrr gkl gvd pvgb|abgmmq rddlmdrr+ \jdq gvd ehvd

dzpdkra~d fq P70+00%P74+00 pdv camhivge+