s7 graph sfc siemens

Preface, Contents

Product Overview 1

Installation and Authorization 2Designing a Sequential ControlSystem Based on the Exampleof a Drill

3

Working with an S7 Graph 4

Creating a Project 5Programming the Structure of aSequencer 6Programming Actions andConditions 7

Saving and Compiling 8S7 Graph FB ParameterAssignment and Call 9Downloading the S7 Graph-FBand Instance-DB 10Monitoring and Testing theSequential Control System 11

Printing the Sequencer 12

Overview of all Actions 13

Configuration Instructions 14

Instance DB 15Glossary, Index

SIMATIC

S7 Graph V5.1 for S7-300/400Programming SequentialControl Systems

Manual

This manual has the order number:6ES7 811-0CC04-8BA0

Edition 05/2001A5E00105265-01

Copyright Siemens AG 2001 All rights reservedThe reproduction, transmission or use of this document or itscontents is not permitted without express written authority.Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rightscreated by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design,are reserved.

Siemens AGBereich Automatisierungs- und AntriebstechnikGeschaeftsgebiet Industrie-AutomatisierungssystemePostfach 4848, D- 90327 Nuernberg

Disclaimer of LiabilityWe have checked the contents of this manual for agreement withthe hardware and software described. Since deviations cannot beprecluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement. However,the data in this manual are reviewed regularly and any necessarycorrections included in subsequent editions. Suggestions forimprovement are welcomed.

Siemens AG 2001Technical data subject to change.

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 6ES7 811-0CC04-8BA0

Safety Guidelines

This manual contains notices intended to ensure personal safety, as well as to protect the products andconnected equipment against damage. These notices are highlighted by the symbols shown below andgraded according to severity by the following texts:

! Dangerindicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage will result if properprecautions are not taken.

! Warningindicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage can result if properprecautions are not taken.

! Cautionindicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.Cautionindicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.

Noticedraws your attention to particularly important information on the product, handling the product, or to aparticular part of the documentation.

Qualified Personnel

Only qualified personnel should be allowed to install and work on this equipment. Qualified persons aredefined as persons who are authorized to commission, to ground and to tag circuits, equipment, andsystems in accordance with established safety practices and standards.

Correct Usage

Note the following:

! WarningThis device and its components may only be used for the applications described in the catalog or thetechnical description, and only in connection with devices or components from other manufacturerswhich have been approved or recommended by Siemens.

This product can only function correctly and safely if it is transported, stored, set up, and installedcorrectly, and operated and maintained as recommended.

TrademarksSIMATIC, SIMATIC HMI and SIMATIC NET are registered trademarks of SIEMENS AG.

Third parties using for their own purposes any other names in this document which refer to trademarks mightinfringe upon the rights of the trademark owners.

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 iii

Preface

Purpose of the ManualThis manual provides you with a complete overview of programming withS7 Graph. It supports you during the installation and setting up of the software. Itincludes explanations of how to create a program, the structure of user programs,and the individual language elements.The manual is intended for persons with the appropriate qualifications who areinvolved in programming, configuration, commissioning, and service ofprogrammable logic controllers.We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the example in Chapter 3"Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill". This willhelp you to get to know S7 Graph quickly.

Required ExperienceTo understand the manual, you should have general experience of automationengineering.You should also be familiar with working on computers or PC-type machines (forexample programming devices with the Windows 95/98/2000 or NT operatingsystems. Since S7 Graph uses the STEP 7 platform, you should also be familiarwith working with the standard software described in the "Programming withSTEP 7 V5.1" manual.

Scope of the ManualThe manual is valid for the S7 Graph V5.1 software package.

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S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systemsiv A5E00105265-01

Documentation Packages for S7 Graph and the STEP 7 Standard SoftwareThe following table provides you with an overview of the STEP 7 and S7 Graphdocumentation:

Manuals Purpose Order NumberS7-SCL V5.1 for S7-300/400 Basic and reference information

explaining how to create aprogram, the structure of userprograms and the individuallanguage elements.

6ES7 811-0CC04-8BA0

Basics of STEP 7: Getting Started and Exercises with

STEP 7 V5.1 Programming with STEP 7 V5.1 Configuring Hardware and

Connections withSTEP 7 V5.1

Converting from S5 to S7

The basics for technicalpersonnel describing how toimplement control tasks withSTEP 7 and S7-300/400.

6ES7810-4CA05-8BA0

STEP 7 reference: LAD/FBD/STL manuals

for S7-300/400 Standard and System Functions

for S7-300/400

Reference work describing theLAD, FBD and STL programminglanguages as well as standardand system functions as asupplement to the STEP 7 basics.

6ES7810-4CA05-8BR0

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Preface

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 v

Manual and Online HelpThis manual is an extract from the Online Help. The manual describes the basicknowledge you require to work with S7 Graph. The online help contains detailed,step-by-step instructions and reference sections. Since the manual and online helphave the same structure, you can change easily between manual and online help.

Access to Online HelpThe help system is integrated in the software with several interfaces: The Help menu provides numerous menu commands: Contents opens the

contents of the S7 Graph help system. Introduction provides an overview ofprogramming with S7 Graph. Using Help provides detailed instructions onworking with the online help system.

The context-sensitive help system provides information about the currentcontext, for example help on an open dialog box or active window. This can bedisplayed by clicking the "Help" button or pressing the F1 key.

The status bar is another form of context-sensitive help. A brief explanation ofeach menu command is displayed here when you position the mouse pointeron a menu command.

A brief explanation of the buttons in the toolbar is also displayed if you positionthe mouse pointer briefly over a button.

If you prefer to have a printout of the information in the online help system, you canprint individual topics, books or the entire help system.

Documentation Reply FormTo provide you and future S7 Graph users with the best possible documentation,we need your support. If you have comments about this manual or the online help,please fill out the questionnaire at the end of this manual and send it the addressshown. Please take the time to add your own evaluation grade.

Training CentersSiemens offers a number of training courses to familiarize you with the SIMATICS7 automation system. Please contact your regional training center or our centraltraining center in D 90327 Nuremberg, Germany for details:Telephone: +49 (911) 8953200.http://www.ad.siemens.de/training

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SIMATIC Documentation on the Internet / IntranetYou will find the documentation on the internet at:http://www.ad.siemens.de/supportUse the Knowledge Manager to find the documentation you need quickly. If youhave any questions or suggestions concerning the documentation you can use the"Documentation" conference in the internet forum.Visit the SIMATIC documentation homepage. Here you can find out about newproducts and innovations, ask questions concerning the documentation and giveus your suggestions, criticism, praise or requests.http://intra1.khe.siemens.de/e8_doku/index.htm

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Preface

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 vii

Automation and Drives, Service & SupportAvailable worldwide, around the clock:

Johnson City

Nuremberg

Singapore

SIMATIC Basic Hotline

Worldwide (Nuremberg)Technical Support

Worldwide (Nuremberg)Technical Support

(Free Contact)Local time: Mo.-Fr. 7:00 to 17:00Phone: +49 (180) 5050 222Fax: +49 (180) 5050 223E-mail: techsupport@

ad.siemens.deGMT: +1:00

(charged, only withSIMATIC Card)Local time: Mo.-Fr. 0:00 to 24:00Phone: +49 (911) 895-7777Fax: +49 (911) 895-7001GMT: +01:00

Europe / Africa (Nuremberg)Authorization

America (Johnson City)Technical Support andAuthorization

Asia / Australia (Singapore)Technical Support andAuthorization

Local time: Mo.-Fr. 7:00 to 17:00Phone: +49 (911) 895-7200Fax: +49 (911) 895-7201E-mail: authorization@

nbgm.siemens.deGMT: +1:00

Local time: Mo.-Fr. 8:00 to 19:00Phone: +1 423 461-2522Fax: +1 423 461-2289E-mail: simatic.hotline@

sea.siemens.comGMT: -5:00

Local time: Mo.-Fr. 8:30 to 17:30Phone: +65 740-7000Fax: +65 740-7001E-mail: simatic.hotline@

sae.siemens.com.sgGMT: +8:00

German and English are spoken on all the SIMATIC hotlines, French, Italian and Spanish are also spoken on theauthorization hotline.

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S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systemsviii A5E00105265-01

Service & Support on the InternetIn addition to our documentation, we offer our Know-how online on the internet at:

http://www.ad.siemens.de/supportwhere you will find the following: Current Product Information leaflets, FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions),

Downloads, Tips and Tricks. A newsletter giving you the most up-to-date information on our products. The Knowledge Manager helps you find the documents you need. Users and specialists from all over the world share information in the forum. Your local customer service representative for Automation & Drives in our

customer service representative data bank. Information on field service, repairs, spare parts and more under "Services".

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S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 ix

Contents

1 Product Overview1.1 Whats New? .....................................................................................................1-4

2 Installation and Authorization2.1 Authorization .....................................................................................................2-12.2 Installing the Authorization ................................................................................2-32.3 Upgrading the Authorization..............................................................................2-42.4 Uninstalling the Authorization............................................................................2-52.5 Rules for Handling Authorizations.....................................................................2-62.6 Installing S7 Graph............................................................................................2-82.7 Uninstalling S7 Graph .....................................................................................2-10

3 Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill3.1 Technological Task and Functional Diagram....................................................3-33.2 Selecting the Structure of the Sequencer .........................................................3-53.3 Defining the System Signals .............................................................................3-73.4 Creating the Drill Project in the SIMATIC Manager ..........................................3-83.5 Creating a Symbol Table...................................................................................3-93.6 Creating an S7 Graph FB and Programming a Sequencer ............................3-103.7 Programming Step Actions .............................................................................3-123.8 Programming Transitions ................................................................................3-133.9 Programming Monitoring Functions ................................................................3-153.10 Specifying the Standard Function Block .........................................................3-163.11 Saving and Closing the Sequencer.................................................................3-173.12 Including the Sequencer in the STEP 7 Program ...........................................3-183.13 Downloading the Program to the CPU and Testing the Sequencer ...............3-203.14 Test Function: Control Sequencer ..................................................................3-213.15 Modifying the Sequencer ................................................................................3-22

4 Working with an S7 Graph4.1 Starting S7 Graph .............................................................................................4-14.2 The S7 Graph User Interface............................................................................4-24.3 Settings for the Work Area................................................................................4-84.4 Customizing a Display Level, Colors and Fonts .............................................4-104.5 Tools for Editing the Sequencer......................................................................4-134.5.1 Display and Position of the Toolbars ..............................................................4-134.5.2 Editing the Sequencer with the Toolbars ........................................................4-144.5.3 Navigating in the Sequencer ...........................................................................4-15

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Contents

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systemsx A5E00105265-01

5 Creating a Project5.1 Creating the Project in the SIMATIC Manager..................................................5-15.2 S7 Graph FB or S7 Graph Source File? ...........................................................5-25.3 S7 Graph FB .....................................................................................................5-35.4 S7 Graph Source File........................................................................................5-35.5 Opening an S7 Graph FB or an S7 Graph Source File.....................................5-4

6 Programming the Structure of a Sequencer6.1 Sequencer - Principle........................................................................................6-26.2 Structures of a Sequencer ................................................................................6-36.3 Rules for the Structure of a Sequencer.............................................................6-46.4 Elements of a Sequencer..................................................................................6-56.5 Step-Transition Pair and Initial Step..................................................................6-56.6 Jump..................................................................................................................6-66.7 Alternative Branch.............................................................................................6-76.8 Simultaneous Branch ........................................................................................6-86.9 Branch Stop.......................................................................................................6-96.10 New Sequencer.................................................................................................6-96.11 Permanent Instructions ...................................................................................6-106.12 Block Comment...............................................................................................6-11

7 Programming Actions and Conditions7.1 Actions...............................................................................................................7-37.2 Standard Actions...............................................................................................7-47.3 Event-Dependent Actions .................................................................................7-67.4 Counters, Timers, and Arithmetic in Actions.....................................................7-97.5 Conditions .......................................................................................................7-147.6 Ladder Logic Elements for Programming Conditions .....................................7-187.7 Logic Operations with Ladder Logic Elements................................................7-207.8 FBD Elements for Programming Conditions ...................................................7-227.9 S7 Graph Addresses in Conditions.................................................................7-257.10 Supervision Errors and Acknowledgment .......................................................7-267.11 Comment, Extended Name, Number, Name ..................................................7-287.12 Programming with Symbolic Addresses .........................................................7-297.13 Editing Variables .............................................................................................7-30

8 Saving and Compiling8.1 Saving and Compiling .......................................................................................8-18.2 Rules for Saving an S7 Graph FB.....................................................................8-28.3 Rules for Saving an S7 Graph Source File .......................................................8-28.4 Settings for Saving and Compiling ....................................................................8-38.4.1 Settings in the "General" Tab............................................................................8-48.4.2 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: FB Parameters........................................8-68.4.3 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Executability............................................8-78.4.4 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Interface Description...............................8-88.4.5 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Sequencer Properties .............................8-98.4.6 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Warnings...............................................8-108.4.7 Settings in the "Messages" Tab ......................................................................8-108.5 Saving .............................................................................................................8-118.6 Compiling ........................................................................................................8-14

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Contents

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 xi

9 S7 Graph FB Parameter Assignment and Call9.1 Calling the S7 Graph FB in the S7 Program.....................................................9-19.2 Calling the S7 Graph FB ...................................................................................9-29.3 Selecting an FB Parameter Set.........................................................................9-39.4 Parameter Sets of the FB..................................................................................9-49.5 Input Parameters of the S7 Graph FB ..............................................................9-69.6 Output Parameters of the S7 Graph FB............................................................9-99.7 The Modes of the Sequential Control System ................................................9-109.7.1 Automatic Mode (SW_AUTO).........................................................................9-119.7.2 Manual mode (SW_MAN) ...............................................................................9-129.7.3 Inching mode (SW_TAP) ................................................................................9-139.7.4 Automatic or Switch to Next Mode (SW_TOP) ...............................................9-149.7.5 Selecting a Step with S_SEL ..........................................................................9-159.7.6 Selecting a Step with S_PREV or S_NEXT....................................................9-159.7.7 Progressing to the next Step with T_PUSH....................................................9-16

10 Downloading the S7 Graph-FB and Instance-DB10.1 Downloading Blocks from the Programming Device to the CPU....................10-110.2 Uploading Blocks from the CPU to the Programming Device.........................10-3

11 Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System11.1 Monitoring and Test Functions in the S7 Graph .............................................11-211.1.1 Monitoring the Status Information ...................................................................11-211.1.2 Control Sequencer ..........................................................................................11-411.1.3 Synchronization...............................................................................................11-411.2 Test Functions of STEP 7 ...............................................................................11-5

12 Printing the Sequencer

13 Overview of all Actions13.1 Standard Actions with and without Interlock ...................................................13-113.2 Event-Dependent Actions - with and without Interlock ...................................13-213.3 Counters in Actions .......................................................................................13-1013.4 Timers in Actions...........................................................................................13-1613.5 Arithmetic in Actions......................................................................................13-22

14 Configuration Instructions14.1 General Level and Program Structure ............................................................14-214.2 Points to Note about Programming Sequencers.............................................14-814.3 Linking to Operator Control and Monitoring Systems ...................................14-12

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Contents

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systemsxii A5E00105265-01

15 Instance DB15.1 Settings for the Instance DB ...........................................................................15-115.2 Assignment of Instance DB and S7 Graph FB................................................15-215.3 Automatic Creation of the Instance DB on Saving..........................................15-315.4 Creating the Instance DB Later.......................................................................15-315.5 Displaying and Printing the Content of the Instance DB.................................15-315.6 Accessing the Instance DB .............................................................................15-415.7 Structure of an Instance DB............................................................................15-415.8 Outline of the Structure of the Instance DB ....................................................15-415.9 FB Parameters ................................................................................................15-515.10 The Transition Structure..................................................................................15-915.11 The Step Structure ........................................................................................15-1115.12 Sequencer Status..........................................................................................15-1315.13 Internal Data Area .........................................................................................15-18

Glossary

Index

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S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control SystemsA5E00105265-01 1-1

1 Product Overview

S7 Graph Programming LanguageThe S7 Graph programming language extends the range of functions of STEP 7 byallowing you to program sequential control systems graphically.With S7 Graph, you can configure and write programs to control sequentialprocesses with a SIMATIC programmable logic controller (PLC). The process isdivided into single steps with a clearly defined range of functions. The processsequence is represented graphically and can be documented both as graphics andtext.

In the steps, you specify the actions to be executed. The progression from one stepto the next is controlled by transitions (step enabling conditions). The definitions,interlocks and monitoring of the transitions are programmed using a subset of theLadder Logic (LAD) or FBD (Function Block Diagram) programming languages.S7 Graph for the S7-300/400 complies with the sequential control language"Sequential Function Chart" specified in the DIN EN 61131-3 (IEC 1131-3)standard.

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Product Overview

S7 Graph for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems1-2 A5E00105265-01

The Blocks of a Sequential Control SystemA sequential control system controls the process in a fixed order dependent oncertain conditions.The complexity of the sequential control system depends on the automation task.However, even the simplest system requires at least the three following blocks: A STEP 7 block (1) in which the S7 Graph FB (function block) is called. This

block can be an organization block (OB), a function (FC), or another FB. An S7 Graph FB (2) that describes the individual subtasks and

interdependencies of the sequential control system. These subtasks (steps)and interdependencies (transitions) can be organized in one or moresequencers.

An instance DB (3) that contains data and parameters of the sequential controlsystem. The instance DB is assigned to the S7 Graph FB and can be createdautomatically by the system.

OB/FB/FC

FC70/71/72

T2

T1S2

S1

Comments for...

FB i(1)

CALL FBi,DBiINIT_SQ:=

(2) (3)

DB i

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Product Overview


Section of a Sequencer with Steps and TransitionsYou program sequencers in the S7 Graph FB. A sequencer consists of a sequenceof steps that are activated in a fixed order depending on transitions (step-enablingconditions).

Motor Limit switch

S1Step1

T1

Step1Action

S2Step2

Step2Action

T2

Input1 Input2

Conditions

Action

Transition1

Transition2

Conditions

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Product Overview


1.1 Whats New?Version 5.1 of the S7 Graph programming software has the following extendedfunctions and modifications compared with Version 5.0:

PLCopen Basis LevelS7 Graph V5.1 complies with the PLCopen Basis Level for sequential controlsystems as stipulated in the DIN EN 61131-3 standard.If you have a sequential control system that conforms with the standard, you cannow import it into the STEP 7 data management as an ASCII file using theSIMATIC Manager and then edit it in S7 Graph.To create sequential control systems complying with the standard, select the"Application Settings" dialog box and activate the "IEC-compliant" in the "General"tab.

Compiler Expansions Minimizing the memory requirements for the S7 Graph FB

You can reduce the memory required by the S7 Graph FB considerably byselecting the compilation option "Interface Description: Memory minimized" andusing the new standard function FC73.

Safe activation mode:There is now a new compilation option known as "Safe activation mode". Thishas the effect that when a step is activated, the system locates and deactivatesall steps that cannot be active at the same time as the step being activated dueto the sequencer structure.

Checking the standard functions used:When you compile, the compiler checks whether the FC used is adequate toexecute the functions used in the sequencer. If the FC is not adequate, acompilation error is indicated.

Expanded block information:When you compile a block, the compiler checks whether the block uses theextended functionality of the current S7 Graph version or only the restrictedfunctionality from previous versions. You can see this information in the fileproperties (menu command File > Properties).

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Product Overview


Improved Editor Functions Optimization of the display

You can choose between three types of display:- At the sequencer display level, one of the sequencers contained in the FB

is displayed. Here you program the sequencer structure. As required, youcan display or hide actions and conditions.

- At the single step display level, one step and its successor transition aredisplayed. Here, programming actions and conditions

- The third display level allows you to program permanent instructions. Improved window structure:

The S7 Graph working window now contains only the sequencer you areediting. All "additional information" required for programming are displayed inadditional windows that you can display or hide as required:- Information on the block interface (block parameters and variables)- Addresses used- Cross-references to other points of use of addresses in the program- Symbols from the symbol table, etc.

Simultaneous selection of several objects:You can now select several objects in the working area using the techniquestypical in all Windows applications:- You select a group of elements by dragging a lasso around the required

elements.

- If elements are not located next to each other, you can select them byholding down the CTRL key and clicking the required elements one afterthe other.

Once you have selected several elements, you can perform actions on all ofthem together, for example moving them to a different location with the mouse.

User-friendly address selection when programming actionsYou can display a list of the addresses used up to now in the program andselect the required address from the list.

You can now also delete branches of a sequencer as long as they are notlocated exclusively in the right branch of a simultaneous or alternative branch.

You can now replace LAD or FBD elements in conditions in the overwritemode.

You can now close branches simply with the mouse: Hold down the mousebutton and move the mouse pointer to the location at which you want to closethe branch.

Opening blocks used in actions:The block used in the action table of a step can be opened with the relevanteditor by selecting and double-clicking it. It is also possible to open the blockwith the relevant editor by selecting the block in the action table and thenselecting the new menu command Edit > Open Block.

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Product Overview


Other New Features New system function: FC73

A new system function is supplied with the package allowing you to reduce thememory requirements of the S7 Graph FB considerably. Due to its size of lessthan 8 Kbytes, FC73 can also be processed by smaller CPUs.FC73 provides the functionality of S7 Graph V5.0. However, the followingrestrictions apply: The blocks created do not have diagnostic capability.Visualization of the blocks is also restricted.

New versions of FC70/FC71S7 Graph blocks that use arithmetic or word instructions in actions can now beoperated with the FC70 and FC71 system functions.

Setting the address priorityIn the SIMATIC Manager, you can decide whether the symbol or the absolutevalue has priority when blocks are opened following modifications in thesymbol table. This setting is possible from STEP 7 V5.0 onwards, it alsoapplies to S7 Graph blocks from S7 Graph V5.1 onwards.

Limiting the maximum number of status jobs usedYou can also specify the maximum number of status jobs for S7 Graph. Youmake this setting in the "General" tab (application settings). Limiting thenumber of status jobs can be useful if you are working with a smaller CPU andwant a status display for several applications at the same time.

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2 Installation and Authorization

2.1 AuthorizationA product authorization is required to use the S7 Graph software package.Software protected by this mechanism can only be used when the authorizationrequired by the program or software package is detected on the hard disk of theprogramming device.Different authorizations are necessary, for example for STEP 7 and for the optionalpackages.

Authorization DisketteTo authorize the product, you require the copy-protected authorization disketteshipped with the package. This contains the actual authorization. The "AuthorsW"program required to display, install, and uninstall the authorization is on theinstallation CD-ROM that also contains S7 Graph.

Number of AuthorizationsThe number of possible authorizations depends on an authorization counter on theauthorization diskette. When you install an authorization, the counter isdecremented by 1. Once the counter reaches the value 0, there are no moreauthorizations on the diskette.

NoteYou receive a yellow authorization diskette for the STEP 7 standard software witha corresponding authorization. You do not need an authorization for STEP 7 Mini.With each optional software package, you receive a red authorization diskettecontaining one authorization.

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Installation and Authorization


Loss of the Authorization...You can lose an authorization, for example, due to a defect on the hard disk thatprevents you from uninstalling the authorization from the defective hard disk.If you lose the authorization, you can use the emergency authorization. This is alsoon the authorization diskette. The emergency authorization allows you to continueto use the software for a restricted time. In this case, when you start S7 Graph, thetime until the authorization expires is displayed. Before this time expires, youshould obtain a replacement for the lost authorization from your Siemens distributoror sales office.

CautionThe restricted period of the emergency authorization begins from the moment youinstall it, even if you do not start S7 Graph. You cannot extend this period even bytransferring the authorization back to the diskette.

Installing AuthorsWThe "AuthorsW" program required to display, install, and uninstall the authorizationis on the same CD-ROM as S7 Graph V5.0. You can install this program on yourhard disk and start it there when you want to install and uninstall authorizations.

NoteThe default location for the AuthorsW program is the AuthorsW folder and you canstart it from the taskbar (START > SIMATIC > AuthorsW > AuthorsW).

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2.2 Installing the Authorization

Handling the Authorization During InstallationYou should transfer the authorization when prompted by Setup when you installS7 Graph for the first time. Follow the steps below:1. Insert the authorization diskette when Setup asks you for it.2. Then confirm the next prompt.3. The authorization is transferred to a physical drive.

Installing the Authorization LaterIf you start the S7 Graph software and there is no authorization on your system, amessage to this effect is displayed. To install the authorization at a later point intime:

1. Insert the authorization diskette in your floppy disk drive, for example, drive A.2. Start the "Authorsw.exe" program on the hard disk drive.3. Select drive A:\. The authorizations on the authorization diskette are displayed.4. Select the full authorization for S7 Graph (validity: unlimited).5. Holding down the left mouse button, drag the selected authorization to the

destination drive. The authorization is transferred to the destination drive.

CautionThe authorization is effective in Windows NT only when full access to both harddisk "C:" and the source drive is possible.

Recovering the AuthorizationIf you have a problem with your authorization (defective etc.), please contact thehotline. If a problem occurs, it may be possible to avoid loss of the authorizationusing the menu command Authorization > Recover.

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2.3 Upgrading the AuthorizationUse the "Upgrade" menu command to upgrade authorizations. To use this function,you require:1. The authorization diskette of the authorization you want to upgrade2. The latest version of the "AuthorsW" authorization program on the hard disk3. The new S7 Graph upgrade on diskette4. The old authorization on diskette or hard diskWhen you upgrade, the old authorizations are deleted and replaced by new ones.For this reason, the authorization diskette must never be made read-only.1. Insert the new authorization diskette.2. Start the "Authorsw.exe" program on the hard disk drive.3. Select the menu command Authorization > Upgrade. A dialog box is opened.

Select the upgrade program in the dialog box. You will then be asked to insertthe authorization diskette of the old authorization.

4. Insert the required authorization diskette. You will then be asked whether youreally want to upgrade. This is the last opportunity to cancel the upgrade. Afteryou confirm this prompt, do not interrupt the upgrade procedure under anycircumstances otherwise you will lose the authorization.

5. After clicking the OK button, you will be prompted to insert the authorizationdiskette with the new authorization.

All the necessary requirements are checked. If these requirements are met, theupgrade is completed by activating the new authorization.

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2.4 Uninstalling the AuthorizationIf, for example, you want to reformat the hard disk containing the authorization, youmust first transfer the authorizations back to the authorization diskette (uninstall).You require the yellow original authorization diskette of the STEP 7 standardsoftware. You can also transfer the authorizations of the optional packages you areusing back to this authorization diskette.To transfer the authorization back to the authorization diskette:1. Insert the yellow original authorization diskette in your floppy disk drive, for

example, drive A.2. Start the "Authorsw.exe" program on the hard disk drive.3. Select the drive on which your authorization is located. All the authorizations

found on this drive are displayed.4. Select the relevant authorization.5. Holding down the left mouse button, drag the selected authorization to drive

A:\. The authorization is transferred to the authorization diskette.6. Close the dialog box if you do not want to remove any further authorizations.

You can use this diskette again to install the authorization.

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2.5 Rules for Handling Authorizations

CautionRead the instructions in this section and in the README.WRI file on theauthorization diskette. If you do not keep to the instructions in this file, you maydestroy the authorization.

When is it necessary to uninstall authorizations?Before you format, compress, or restore your hard disk drive, or before you install anew operating system, you must first uninstall existing authorizations.

BackupIf a backup of your hard disk contains copies of your authorizations, there is a riskthat the valid, installed authorizations will be overwritten and destroyed when youwrite the backup data to the hard disk.To avoid loss of the authorization by overwriting an authorized system with abackup: Either remove all authorizations before you make your backup Or exclude the authorizations from the backup.

Hard Disk OptimizationIf you use an optimization program that allows fixed blocks to be moved on thehard disk, you should only use this function after first transferring all authorizationsfrom the hard disk back to the authorization diskette.

Defective SectorsAfter installing an authorization, a special cluster is created on the hard disk that issometimes indicated as "defective". Do not attempt to repair this. Otherwise, youwill destroy the authorization.

Read-Only and Copy ProtectionThe authorization diskette must not be made read-only.Files on the authorization diskette can be copied to a different drive (for examplehard disk) and used there. It is, however, not possible to install an authorizationwith the copied data; this is only possible with the original authorization diskette.

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Permitted DrivesThe authorization can only be installed on a hard disk drive. If you have acompressed drive (for example DBLSPACE), you can install on its host drive.The authorization tool prevents installation on unsuitable drives.

LocationWhen you install an authorization, the files are transferred to the protected folder"AX NF ZZ" with the attributes "system" and "hidden". Do not change these attributes. The files must not be modified or deleted. The folder must not be moved. Files copied from the folder (authorizations) are

detected as invalid authorizations and cannot be used.If you do not keep to these rules, the authorization will be irretrievably lost.The protected folder "AX NF ZZ" is created only once per drive. It contains all theauthorizations installed on the drive. It is created when you first install anauthorization and is deleted when you remove the last authorization from it.For each authorization, two files with the same name but with different extensionsare created. These files are given the authorization name as the file name.

Number of AuthorizationsYou can install any number of authorizations on one drive providing there isenough space; however, only one of each version (for example only one S7 GraphV4.x and only one S7 Graph V5.x). These authorizations do not affect each other.

Defective AuthorizationDefective authorizations on a hard disk can no longer be removed with theAuthorsW authorization tool. They can even block the installation of new, validauthorizations. In this case, contact your Siemens distributor or sales office.

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Authorization ToolUse the supplied or latest version of the AuthorsW authorization tool and wherepossible avoid using older versions.

CautionSince the supplied version does not recognize all older authorizations, you maynevertheless need to use an older AUTHORS version (DOS version) < V3.x.

2.6 Installing S7 GraphS7 Graph contains a Setup program that installs the package automatically.Prompts on the screen guide you step by step through the entire installation. TheSetup program is started as usual when installing software in Windows.The essential phases of installation are as follows: Copying the data to your programming device/PC Installing the authorization (if required)

Requirements for Installation Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/2000 or Windows NT as the operating system SIMATIC STEP 7 standard package (for the required version, refer to the

Readme.wri file). PC or programming device equipped as explained in the readme fileA programming device (PG) is a personal computer designed specifically for use inan industrial environment. It is fully equipped for programming SIMATICprogrammable controllers. Disk space:

For the space required on your hard disk, refer to the "Readme". MPI interface (optional):

You only require the MPI interface between the programming device or PC)and PLC if you want to communicate with the PLC via MPI. For this connectionyou require either:- a PC/MPI cable connected to the communications port of your device or- an MPI board installed in your device.An MPI port is integrated in some programming devices.

External Prommer (optional):An external prommer is only required when you want to blow EPROMs usingyour PC.

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Preparations for InstallationBefore you start the installation, Windows must first be started.To install from CD-ROM, insert the CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive of your PC.

Starting the Installation ProgramTo install the software:1. In Windows, open the dialog for installing/uninstalling programs by double-

clicking the "Add/Remove Programs" icon in the "Control Panel".2. Follow the instructions for installing the program step by step.The program guides you step by step through the installation. You can move on tothe next step or back to the previous step.During installation, you will be prompted to answer questions and to select options.Please read the following notes so that you have the information you require forthese dialog boxes.

If you already have a version of S7 Graph installed ...If the installation program detects an S7 Graph installation on your programmingdevice/PC, a message is displayed and you then have the following options: Cancel the installation (you can then uninstall the old S7 Graph version under

Windows and then start the new installation again) or Continue the installation and overwrite the old version with the new version.In the interests of "clean" data management, you should uninstall an olderinstallation before installing the new version. Simply overwriting an older versionalso has the disadvantage that when you later uninstall the program, existing partsof the older installation will not be removed.

Notes on AuthorizationDuring the installation, the program checks whether an authorization already existson the hard disk. If no authorization is found, a message appears informing youthat the software can only be used with an authorization. You can either install theauthorization immediately or continue the installation and install the authorizationlater. If you decide to install immediately, insert the authorization diskette whenprompted to.

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Errors During InstallationThe following errors lead to the installation being canceled: If an initialization error occurs immediately after starting Setup, the most

probable reason is that Setup was not started under Windows. Not enough space on the disk: You must have enough space on your hard disk

for the type of installation you have selected (see readme). Defective CD/diskette: If you discover that a CD/diskette is defective, please

contact your Siemens distributor or sales office. If you make a mistake: Start the installation again and follow the instructions

carefully.

Completion of the installation ...Successful installation is indicated by a message on the screen.If changes were made to DOS files during installation, you will be prompted torestart Windows. Following the restart, you can also start S7 Graph.If DOS files were not changed, you can start S7 Graph in the last installationdialog.

2.7 Uninstalling S7 GraphTo uninstall the software, use the usual method under Windows:1. Under Windows, open the dialog for installing/uninstalling programs by double-

clicking the "Add/Remove Programs" icon in the "Control Panel".2. Select the STEP 7 entry in the list of installed programs. Click the

"Add/Remove" button to uninstall the program.If the "Remove Released File" dialogs appear, click the "No" button if you areunsure whether you want to remove the file or not.

CautionThis method does not uninstall the authorization. If you also want to uninstall theauthorization, follow the instructions in the section on Authorization.

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3 Designing a Sequential Control SystemBased on the Example of a Drill

Welcome to the S7 Graph Beginners ExampleIf you take an hour to work through the beginners example, you will learn how tocreate a sequential control system for automating the drill as described below.

You first learn how to configure a sequential control system efficiently and will thenbe guided step by step through the tasks you need to perform in the SIMATICManager and in S7 Graph so that you can create the sequential control system, download it to the CPU and test it.

The correctly programmed sample is supplied with S7 Graph as a project called"ZEn02_01_S7Graph_Drill".

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill


RequirementsTo allow you to program and test the "drill" example, you require the followinghardware and software: Programming device/PC with

- STEP 7 standard package and the S7 Graph optional package- MPI connection to the programmable logic controller

A programmable logic controller (in our example an S7-300) consisting of thefollowing: standard rail, 24V power supply, CPU 314, and a digital input/outputmodule (8DI + 8DO)

As an alternative to the PLC: The "PLC Simulation" S7 optional package

Procedure for Creating a Sequential Control SystemThe flow diagram illustrates the procedure for creating the sequential controlsystem for the drill example:

Create symbol table

Specify structure of sequencerand define signals for system

Create drill project in theSIMATIC Manager

Create sequencer: create and open S7 Graph FB1 in

the SIMATIC Manager Program sequencer

Program OB1 with FB1 call andcorresponding instance DB (DB1)

Download sample program (DB1, FB1,OB1) to the CPU in the SIMATICManager and test the sequencer

Symbolicprogramming

yes

no

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3.1 Technological Task and Functional Diagram

TaskYou want to program a sequential control system to automate a drill. The setup ofthe drill is shown by a technological drawing and the process sequence in the formof a function diagram.

Technological Drawing - Set Up of the DrillThe drill consists of the following elements: Drill motor with feedback signals for drill running/stopped Start button and coolant switch Cooling pump with feedback signal for coolant pressure reached Clamping device with feedback signal for selected clamp pressure reached Carriage raise/lower drill with limit switches for drill up/down

Raise drillDrill motor onFeedback signal:- Drill running- Drill stopped

Cooling pump onFeedback signalCoolant pressure reached

Start button

Feedback signal:Selected clamping pressurereached

Limit switch:Drill up

Limit switch:Drill down

Coolant switch

Drill motor

Carriage

Clamp deviceCooling pump

Lower drill

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Initial StateThe initial state of the drill is defined as follows: The drill motor and cooling pump are stopped The carriage/drill is in the upper position There is no work piece in the clamping device

Functional Diagram - Drilling SequenceThe entire drilling sequence can be divided into the following sections: Insert work piece (manual) If required, set switch for coolant (depending on the material) Start the machine with the start button (drill motor starts up) Clamp the work piece with the selected clamp pressure Start the cooling pump (if coolant selected) Lower drill and carriage to the bottom target position (drill) Wait 0.5 seconds at lower target position (drill) Raise drill with carriage to upper target position Remove work piece, turn off drill motor and cooling pump Remove work piece (manual)

Motorrunningstopped

Carriageupdown

Element State

Clampingdevice-

OnOff

Start

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3.2 Selecting the Structure of the SequencerBefore you create the program for the sequencer, you should include a conceptphase in which you break down the drilling operation into single steps. The basis ofthe concept design is the technological drawing and the flowchart.

Dividing the Drilling Process into Individual Steps - Structure of the SequencerThe drilling process is described by S7 Graph in the form of a sequencer. Asequencer represents a sequence of single steps and conditions that control howthe process moves on to the next single step. To specify the structure of thesequencer, follow the steps outlined below:1. Break down the drilling process into steps and specify the order of the steps

(for example "step S2 follows S1" or "step S3 follows either step S4 or S7").2. For each step, specify the actions that must be performed in the step (for

example in S1 the action "Drill ready" or in S3 the action "Turn on drill motor").3. Then decide for every step which conditions must be met so that the process

can move on to the next step (for example for T1 the condition "Drill started -start button pressed" or for T5 the condition "Drill in upper position").

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T2

S2

T8

T3

T7

S3

S1

T4

T1

T6

S7

S4

Drill ready (initial step)

Clamp work piece

Turn on drill motor

Turn on cooling pump

Lower drill (start drilling)

Drill program started (start buttonpressed)

Work piece clamped with selectedpressure

Drill motor running at selected speed(without coolant)

Coolant pressure reached

Drill in lower position

Drill motor running at selected speed(with coolant)

S5

S6

T5

T6

S1

Raise drill

Release work piece, turn off drill motorand cooling pump

Drill in upper position

Work piece is released, coolingpump stopped, drill motor stoppedWaiting time 500 ms

S = stepT = transition

Monitor clamping

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3.3 Defining the System SignalsOnce you have broken down the drilling operation into individual steps, you shouldthen define the input and output parameters for each step. The basis of theconcept design is the technological drawing and the flowchart.

Defining Inputs and OutputsList the inputs and outputs for the drill in the form of a table.If you want to program symbolically, enter the required symbolic names (forexample input I 0.4 "Cl_press_ok") for the absolute inputs and outputs and anycomments that will make the program easier to understand (for example"Workpiece clamping pressure reached").In the drill example, it is assumed that the switches and contactors of the drill arecontrolled via the inputs and outputs of the digital input/output module of theS7-300 programmable controller. The input/output module has 8 inputs and 8outputs. The default values of the input and output addresses of the moduleinserted in slot 4 are as follows: I 0 to I 0.7 and Q =0.0 to Q 0.7.

AbsoluteAddresses

Symbolicaddresses

Explanation

Inputs in the program (I)I 0.0 Dr_mot_running Feedback signal for drill running at selected speedI 0.1 Dr_mot_stopped Feedback signal for drill stoppedI 0.2 Drill_down Limit switch for drill in lower positionI 0.3 Drill_up Limit switch for drill in upper positionI 0.4 Cl_press_ok Feedback signal for work piece clamping pressure

reachedI 0.5 Coolant_sel Selector for coolant (dependent on work piece)I 0.6 Cool_press_ok Feedback signal for coolant pressure reachedI 0.7 Start_button Start button of the drillOutputs in the program (Q)Q 0.0 Dr_mot_on Turn on drill motorQ 0.1 Cool_pump_on Turn on cooling pump (dependent on work piece)Q 0.2 Lower_drill Lower drill and carriage to bottom limit positionQ 0.3 Raise_drill Raise drill and carriage to the upper limit positionQ 0.4 Clamp_workp Clamp work piece at required pressure

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3.4 Creating the Drill Project in the SIMATIC Manager

Creating a ProjectProjects for sequential control systems do not differ from other projects in STEP 7.To create a new project in the SIMATIC Manager, follow the steps outlined below:1. Select the menu command File > New.2. Name the project "Drill".

Inserting an S7 ProgramIn this example, hardware configuration is unnecessary since the defaultaddressing of the input/output module in slot 4 is used. You can thereforeimmediately insert an S7 program in the project folder in the SIMATIC Manager.The S7 program serves as a folder for the blocks of the user program, the sourcefiles and the symbols. Follow the steps below:1. Select the "Drill" project.2. Select the menu command Insert > Program > S7 Program.3. Name the S7 program "Drill Program".The folders for source files, blocks, and symbols are created automatically whenyou insert an S7 program. An empty OB1 is also created in the Blocks folder.

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3.5 Creating a Symbol TableWhen you program in STEP 7, you work with addresses such as I/O signals,memory bits, counters, timers, data blocks, and function blocks. You can accessthese addresses in your program in absolute format (for example I1.1, M2.0,FB21).You will find the program much clearer and easier to read if you use symbols (forexample Motor_A_on) instead of the absolute addresses. To allow the use ofsymbols, you can enter a name, the absolute address, the data type and acomment for every address used.Once you have defined a symbol, it can be used throughout the entire userprogram of a programmable module.

Creating a Symbol TableIf you want to write your program using symbolic addresses, it is advisable tocreate the symbol table at this point.1. Open the symbol table in the "Drill Program" folder by double-clicking

"Symbols".2. Edit the table as shown below.3. Save the symbol table using the menu command Table > Save.The entries 1 to 14 are required for symbolic representation of the inputs andoutputs. The entries 15 to 18 allow symbolic representation of the blocks.

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3.6 Creating an S7 Graph FB and Programming a Sequencer

Creating an S7 Graph FBThe S7 Graph FB will contain the sequencer. To create an S7 Graph FB, follow thesteps outlined below:1. Open the "Blocks" folder in "Drill Program" in the SIMATIC Manager.2. Select the menu command Insert > S7 Block > Function Block.3. Set "S7 Graph" as the language in the "Properties" dialog box.

Result: The empty FB with the default number 1 is created in the "Blocks"folder.

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Programming a SequencerAfter you have started the S7 Graph editor by double-clicking FB1 the systeminserts the first step (initial step) and the first transition. It is advisable to create thestructure at the "Sequencer" display level. To display conditions and actions,activate the View > Display With > Conditions and Actions menu command.Using the mouse and the "Sequencer" toolbar at the left-hand edge of the screen,you can then position all the remaining steps and transitions, the alternativebranch and the jump from the end of the sequencer to the start of the sequencer.There are two ways of doing this and both are illustrated here.

Method 1: "Direct" Mode1. Select transition 1 and click with the mouse until the icon

insert step + transitionuntil you arrive at step/transition 6.

2. Select step 3 and then select the icon

open alternative branch.This opens the alternative branch for supplying coolant. The branch beginswith transition 7.

3. With the mouse, select the icon

insert step + transition,and insert step 7 (S7) and transition 8 (T8).

4. Select the icon

close alternative branchand then select transition 3.

5. Now complete the sequencer structure by first selecting transition 6 and thenclicking on the icon

insert jumpand then selecting step 1.

Method 2: "Drag-and-Drop"1. Return to the SIMATIC Manager and create function block FB2 in the "Blocks"

folder as described above. Once again select "GRAPH" as the sourcelanguage.

2. Start the S7 Graph editor by double-clicking FB2 in the "Blocks" folder.3. Select the menu command Insert > Drag-and-Drop.

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insert step + transitionand then click on the last transition of the individual elements until you arrive atstep/transition 6.

5. Select the icon

open alternative branchand open the alternative branch for the coolant by clicking on step 3. Thebranch begins with transition 7.


insert step + transition,to insert step 7 (S7) and transition 8 (T8).

7. Select the icon

close alternative branchand first select transition 8 and then transition 3.

8. Now complete the sequencer structure with

insert jumpby first selecting transition 6 and then step 1.

NoteBefore you start to program step actions, close function block FB2. You onlycreated this FB to try out the second method of creating a sequencer structure.When you close the FB, answer all prompts with "No". For the rest of the exercise,you will be working in FB1.

3.7 Programming Step ActionsThere are also two methods available for programming step actions andtransitions: Direct and Drag-and-Drop. The procedure described below assumesyou have selected the menu command Insert > Drag-and-Drop:1. Select the menu command Insert > .

Result: The mouse pointer then appears as shown below:

2. Insert an empty action line by clicking the action box.3. Enter the actions.

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An action consists of an instruction and an address. For the drill program, fourdifferent instructions are necessary in the steps: S Set output R Reset output N Non holding: As long as the step is active, the signal state of the

address is 1. D Delay: The address is set to 1 after the defined time has elapsed

following activation of the step and is reset when the step is deactivated.

3.8 Programming TransitionsThe bit logic instructions "normally open contact", "normally closed contact" and"comparator" are used for the step enabling conditions in the transitions. Toprogram transitions:1. Set the "LAD" view and select the appropriate icons in the "LAD/FBD" toolbar

insert normally-open contact

insert normally-closed contact

insert comparator2. Position the symbols at the appropriate points by clicking the transition lines.

You can exit the insert mode at any time with the ESC key.3. Enter the addresses. Click the placeholder "??.?" of the required text field.

Then enter an absolute or symbolic address (for example I 0.7, "Start_switch").4. If you wish, you can also enter a comment for the sequencer. In the

"sequencer" view, the comment field is at the top left and can be opened byclicking it with the mouse.

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The following figure shows the completed sequencer.

GRAPH: Programming s7 Sequential Control Systems - Drill\...File Edit Insert PLC Debug View Options Window Help

Drill

T1Trans1

T4Trans4

"Drill_down"

S2Cla...

T2Trans2

S3Mo...

T3Trans3

T7Trans7

T8

Trans8

Drill_ready

Clamp_onS "Clamp_workp"

Motor_onS "Dr_mot_on"

Coolant_onS "Cool_pump_on"

Lower_drillN "Lower_drill""

S4Low...

S7Coo...

T6

"Start_button"

Clamp_press_ok"

"Drill_motor_running"

"Coolant_sel"

"Cool_press_ok"

S1Dr...

"Drill_motor_running"

"Coolant_sel"

S5Rai...

T5Trans5

"Drill_up"

"Cl_press_ok" T6

Trans6

"Cool_press_ok"

S6Cla...

S1

CMPTerm_M_pump_off.T

T#500MS

Raise_drillD "Raise_drill""

T#500MS

Term_M_pump_offR ""Clamp_workp"R "Dr_mot_on"R "Cool_pump_on"

"Drill_motor_stopped"

>=

When programming comparators, you can use the system information for steps asthe addresses. The addresses have the following significance:

Step_name.T: current or last activation time of the step Step_name.U: current or last activation time of the step without the time of a

disturbance

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3.9 Programming Monitoring FunctionsTo program monitoring functions:1. Double-click on step 2 to change from the "sequencer" view to the "single step"

view.

2. Select the icon

insert comparator in the "LAD/FBD" toolbar3. Position the comparator at the appropriate point on the supervision line and

enter the required monitoring time.

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3.10 Specifying the Standard Function Block

Executability of the S7 Graph FBS7 Graph has two options available for creating FBs. Full code:

The entire code required to execute each S7 Graph FB is included in the FB. Ifyou have several S7 Graph FBs, this means a considerable increase inmemory requirements.

Standard FC required:To reduce memory requirements, S7 Graph has the two following alternatives:You use a standard FC containing the main code sections for all FBs. This FCis copied to your project automatically when you select this option. The FBsproduced using this method are considerably smaller.

For this example, use the compilation option "Full code".The most suitable FC depends on the performance of your CPU. Select one of thefollowing standard FCs:

FC Number FunctionalityFC72 As default, you work with FC72. Remember, that your CPU must be capable of processing

blocks with more than 8 Kbytes.FC70/FC71 These two FCs are less than 8 Kbytes in size and can therefore be loaded on a smaller

CPU. FC70 uses the diagnostic functionality of SFC17/18 and can only be used on CPUsthat have these functions available. If your CPU does not have these functions, you mustuse FC71 and do without diagnostic capability.If you want to check whether or not your CPU contains these SFCs, select the menucommand PLC > Obtainable Nodes in the SIMATIC Manager or click the correspondingbutton in the toolbar. Open the "Blocks" folder in the S7 program.

FC73 This block requires less than 8 Kbytes of memory so that it can be executed on all CPUs.Using this FC considerably reduces the memory requirements of the S7 Graph FBs. Youmust also select the option "Interface Description: Memory minimized" in the blocksettings.The following restrictions, do, however, apply:The blocks created do not have diagnostic capabilityWhen you monitor the sequential control system, you will see the status display only forthe selected active element.

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Setting the ExecutabilitySelect the menu command Options > Block Settings and specify that theS7 Graph FB can be executed with a standard FC in the Compile/Save tab. Enterthe FC number that matches the performance of your CPU.The block is automatically copied to the user project if you select FC70/71, FC72 orFC73 as the block number and there is not yet an FC with this number in the targetproject. If you want to use a different number for the standard block, you must copyand renumber yourself.

3.11 Saving and Closing the SequencerWhen you save the sequencer, it is automatically compiled.1. Select the menu command File > Save.Result: The "Select Instance DB" dialog box is opened with the default instanceDB (DB1).2. Accept the settings by clicking "OK".Result: The instance data block is automatically created in the "Blocks" folder.

NoteThe warning "S1 without content" in the compiler log simply means that no actionis programmed in step 1.

3. To close the sequencer, select the menu command File > Close.

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3.12 Including the Sequencer in the STEP 7 Program

Programming OB1The sequential control program for the drill is called and started in organizationblock OB1. You can create OB1 in LAD, FBD, STL or SCL (here it was created inLAD). Program OB1 as shown in the following diagram. Follow the steps below:1. Open the "Blocks" folder in the "Drill Program" S7 program in the SIMATIC

Manager.2. Start the LAD/STL/FBD editor by double-clicking OB1.3. With the menu command View, select the programming language LAD.4. Select segment 1 and insert the sequencer call using the program element

catalog by double-clicking FB1 (Seq_drill).5. Type in the name of the corresponding instance data block (IDB_Seq_drill)

above the LAD box.6. Select the input parameter INIT_SQ, insert a normally open element using the

"LAD" toolbar and label it M0.0 ("INIT_SQ"). Using this parameter, you can setthe sequencer to the initial step (in the example step 1) in the online mode.

7. Select the menu command File > Save and close the organization block withthe menu command File > Close.

NoteAll other block parameters can be ignored for the example.

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3.13 Downloading the Program to the CPU and Testing theSequencer

Downloading the User ProgramTo allow you to download the program to the CPU, you must download all theblocks (DB1, FB1, OB1, FC70/71, FC72 and/or. FC73) to the CPU of theprogrammable controller in the SIMATIC Manager. Follow the steps outlined below:1. Open the "Drill Program" S7 program in the SIMATIC Manager and select the

"Blocks" folder.2. Select the menu command PLC > Download.

CautionIt is best to download the S7 Graph block in the STOP mode since followingdownloading of the instance DB, the sequencer is automatically set to the initialstate.You should only download S7 Graph blocks in the RUN-P mode when thesequencer is in the initial state or in the OFF state. If you download the blocks thesequencer in a different state, for example when overwriting an old block,problems may occur in the synchronization of the sequencer with the process.

Testing the User ProgramTo test the user program, you require an online connection to a CPU.3. Open the project window in the SIMATIC Manager.4. Open the sequencer by double-clicking FB1.5. Select the menu command Debug > Monitor.

Result: The program status is displayed (the initial step is active). Active stepsare displayed in color.

CautionA monitoring time is programmed in step 2. If the step activation time exceeds theconfigured monitoring time (500 ms) in the supervision condition, the systemrecognizes a supervision error and the disturbed step is displayed in red. If a faultoccurs, you must first satisfy the condition for progressing to the next transition.Using the PG function Debug > Control Sequencer you can then enter anacknowledgment (see also "Control Sequencer").This does not apply to the inching mode, since the step enabling condition mustbe satisfied and the acknowledgment received within one cycle.

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3.14 Test Function: Control SequencerControl Sequencer is a test function with which you can test the sequencer inS7 Graph in all modes. All the settings and entries for the dialog box have thesame effect as the corresponding FB parameters.The entries in the "Control Sequencer" dialog box can be different from the settingsyou used to compile the sequencers. The dialog box settings have priority.

"Control Sequencer" Dialog boxThe "Control Sequencer" dialog box is used both as an output field that displaysthe current settings and as an input field in which you can change the currentstatus.

If you acknowledge an error, initialize the sequencer, or want to change the step inthe manual mode, call the dialog box with the menu command Debug > ControlSequencer.

AcknowledgeIf the "Acknowledge errors" option is clicked, you acknowledge a pending errormessage with the "Acknowledge" button. In this way, you can acknowledge adisturbance caused, for example, by the configured monitoring time in Step 2 beingexceeded.Note, however, that before you acknowledge the error you must make sure that thesupervision or interlock conditions that led to the error are no longer satisfied.After an error has occurred, you can enable the next step in the sequencer bysatisfying the step enable condition because the last step enable condition in thecycle in which you acknowledge has priority over the supervision. You mustnevertheless acknowledge the error.If the error was caused because the undisturbed activation time Step name.U hasexceeded the configured monitoring time, you can move on the sequencer byclicking the "Acknowledge" button.This is possible because the Step name.U variable is set to "0" when youacknowledge.

InitializeWith the "Initialize" button, you can restart the sequencer completely with thedefined initial step.

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Setting the ModeIf you click one of the round option buttons, you switch the sequencer to theselected mode.You can, for example, run your sequencer in the manual mode instead of theautomatic mode. In the manual mode, you can activate or deactivate any step.Follow the steps outlined below:1. Enter the step number of the step you want to process in the "Step number"

box or simply click the required step.2. Select the action to be executed with the step:

- Activate The selected step is activated even if the preceding transition isnot satisfied.

- Deactivate The selected step is deactivated.Note that before you activate a step you must first deactivate the currently activestep since only one step can be active at any one time in a linear sequencer. Inother words, you can only activate the required step when you have deactivatedthe currently active step.If you have set a new mode, the original mode is indicated in bold face.After you have controlled your sequencer in the manual mode, you can return tothe automatic mode and close the "Control Sequencer" dialog box.

3.15 Modifying the SequencerOften, a program does not run as required at the first attempt. This means thatchanges and modifications are required. This is also the case in our sampleprogram. The configured monitoring time in Step 2 is too short and the programhangs at this step. The following section explains how to make the requiredchanges. You must first change to the "offline" mode.

Modifying the Monitoring TimeThe monitoring time configured in Step 2 is 500 ms. To give you more time forsetting the "Cl_press_ok" variable, change the monitoring time to 5 s as explainedbelow:1. Double-click on step 2 to change from the "sequencer" view to the "single step"

view.

2. Close the status by selecting the menu command Debug > Monitor or clicking

the following button: .3. Enter the value 5 s for the monitoring time.4. Save the sequencer with the menu command File > Save, since the sequencer

must be recompiled.

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Downloading the Modified SequencerOnce you have compiled the sequencer, you must download it to the CPU. Youcan download the sequencer in the SIMATIC Manager or in the S7 Graph editor. Inthe S7 Graph editor, follow the steps outlined below:1. With the FB open, select the menu command PLC > Download or click on the

Download button . The "Download" dialog box is opened.2. Accept the defaults by clicking "OK".3. Confirm the prompt to overwrite the existing blocks.

Include Instance DBIf you have not cleared the system default "Include Instance DB", S7 Graph checkswhether the instance DB has changed since it was last downloaded and whether itmust be updated. The option "Download with Instance DB" is clicked in the"Download" dialog box.Otherwise, S7 Graph does not check the instance DB and leaves you to decidewhether or not to download the instance DB again. The option "Download withInstance DB" is not clicked in the "Download" dialog box.

Restarting the StatusTo be able to monitor or control the sequencer again, restart Status by selecting

the menu command Debug > Monitor or by selecting the Monitor button.

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4 Working with an S7 Graph

4.1 Starting S7 Graph

Requirements for Starting S7 Graph The STEP 7 standard package is installed on your PC/programming device. S7 Graph is installed on your PC/programming device. You have installed the authorization for S7 Graph.

Starting S7 GraphThere are two ways of starting S7 Graph: Starting in Windows

Start S7 Graph by clicking the "Start" button on the taskbar in Windows.The S7 Graph entry is under Simatic > STEP 7 > S7 Graph - ProgrammingSequential Control Systems.

Starting in the SIMATIC managerIn the SIMATIC manager, double-click an S7 Graph FB or an S7 Graph sourcefile.S7 Graph is started and displays the selected block in the default view.

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Working with an S7 Graph


4.2 The S7 Graph User Interface

Elements of the S7 Graph User Interface

These sections describe the elements of the user interface numbered in the figure.(1) Toolbars(2) Work area(3) Menu bar(4) Title bar(5) Overview window(6) "Details" window(7) Status bar

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Title BarThe title bar is at the upper edge of a window. Apart from the standard Windowsbuttons, the title bars contain the following information: Title of the software Name and number of the open FB and DB Selected display level Name of the source with complete path

Working AreaThe working area is a window within S7 Graph in which the sequences of anS7 Graph FB or an S7 Graph source file are displayed and can be edited.Within the main window of S7 Graph, you can open up to 10 windows at the sametime. You can cascade or tile these windows.

Menu BarJust like other Windows applications, S7 Graph has a menu bar below the title barof the main window. The display of the menu commands is context-sensitive. Themenu commands are either active (black) or inactive (gray) depending on whetheror not the command can be applied to the currently selected object.

ToolbarsThe toolbars contain buttons with which you can start frequently required andcurrently available menu commands.The names of the toolbars in S7 Graph are visible when the toolbars are positionedwithin the main window.

Name ContentStandard Contains functions for handling files (opening, saving etc.) and for editing

(copying, pasting etc.).View Contains symbols for selecting various views (for example how S7 Graph

FBs are displayed, display of symbolic names etc.).Sequencer Contains buttons for editing the sequencer (for example inserting a

step-transition pair).LAD/FBD Contains buttons for inserting Ladder Logic/FBD elements (for example

comparator).

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Overview WindowThe overview window is displayed to the left of the working area and contains twotabs:

Variables TabDisplays the variable declaration with the sections IN, OUT, IN_OUT, STAT andTEMP. Further program elements are also displayed: Symbols from the symboltable, preprogrammed blocks from the block folder, blocks from libraries, and stepsand transitions along with their components used in S7 Graph FBs.In this tab, you can modify existing parameter sets, system parameters can bedeleted but cannot be edited. It is also possible to extend your own parameters.If you want to use a parameter or a program element in the sequencer, you candrag it from the variable declaration window to the sequencer using the mouse andposition it at the required location.Changes you have made to the parameters in the variable declaration window areautomatically updated in the sequencer so that no inconsistencies can result.With the F1 key, detailed help is available on declaring variables in the variabledeclaration window.For more detailed information on the declared variables and program elements,refer to the "Details" window (Variables tab). You can open this window with themenu command View > Details.

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"Schematic" TabIn this tab, the entire system structure with all the sequencers contained in the FBis displayed. Several sequencers are displayed one above the other.The following elements are displayed: All the sequencers contained in the FB The arrangement of the steps, transitions and branches - however not their

contents

Permanent Instructions

If you select an area of the structure in the "Schematic" tab, this is displayed in theworking window where you can edit it.

"Details" WindowThe "Details" window is displayed at the bottom edge of the screen and includesthe following tabs:

Compile / Decompile MessagesThe tab is used to display errors and warnings that occur for example aftercompiling the sequencer.

VariablesThe content of this tab depends on the selection you made in the "Variables" tab ofthe overview window. Depending on the selections made, the following detailedinformation can be displayed: Information on variables Information on symbols from the symbol table Information on programmed blocks from the block folder Information on blocks from librariesIn this tab, you can declare new variables with the menu command Insert >Declaration Line.

If you want to use a variable, block parameter or a program element in thesequencer, you can drag it from the variable declaration window to the sequencerusing the mouse and position it at the required location.

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AddressesThis tab contains a list of the addresses used in the block with their locations,symbols, and data types. During monitoring, the tab displays a further columnwhen "Single Step" or "Permanent Instructions" is set displaying the current statusvalue of the address during program execution.Whether or not this is displayed depends on the setting for the working area.

Setting for the Working Area Displayed AddressesSequencer Addresses in the programSingle step display Addresses of the step and corresponding transitionPermanent Instructions Addresses used in the permanent instruction

Forward Cross ReferencesShow the use of addresses in the memory areas Q, M, T, and C within the userprogram.The forward cross-references tab displays all the addresses supplied with values inthe

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