s1 : stadium roof design – design decisions p1. what are the 6 biggest stadiums in the uk?...
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S1 : StadiumS1 : Stadium Roof Roof Design – Design Design – Design
DecisionsDecisions
P1
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What are the 6 biggest Stadiums in
the UK?
Capacity1. Wembley 90,0002. Twickenham 82,0003. Old Trafford 76,0004. Millennium stadium 74,5005. Murrayfield 67,8006. Emirates 60,400
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Wembley
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Location : London
Home to : National Football, Rugby Challenge Cup, 2012 Olympics, Music Concerts
Capacity : 90,000
The arch allows part of the roof to be retracted allowing additional sunlight to the pitch between matches.
The Arch is 315m long and is the longest single roof structure in the worldAt 133m high the London Eye can fit underneath it.
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Twickenham
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Location : London
Home to : England’s Rugby Football Union
Capacity : 82,000
= 1025 full Double Decker buses
Originally built in 1909
Renovated 5 times to increase capacity and usage during the off seasonRoof Structure is a free hanging cantilevered roof.
P4
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Old Trafford
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Location : Manchester
Home to : Manchester United FC
Capacity : 76,000
Built in : 1910
The capacity has been steadily increased from 40,000 in 1989 by filling in the corners with seating.
The stadium is know as “The Theatre of Dreams”.
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Millennium Stadium
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Location : Cardiff
Home to : The Welsh Rugby Union, The Football Association, The Football League, The Football Association of Wales and the British Speedway Association.
Capacity : 74,500
Built in : 1999First retractable roof in the UK. Opening/closing time of 20 minutes.27000m2 of fixed roof.8960m2 of closing roof.
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Murrayfield
Location : Edinburgh
Home to : Scottish Rugby
Capacity : 67,800
Built in : 1925
The cold climate meant that the ground often froze.
The first under pitch heating was installed in the form of an electric blanket in 1959. Total cost £10,000.
Upgraded for 1991 World Cup by a new heated system of hot water pipes. Total cost £250,000.
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Emirates
Location : London
Home to : Arsenal FC
Capacity : 60,400
Built in : 2006
Had to replace Highbury as there was little room for expansion.
Sloping roof encourages as much sunlight and airflow to the pitch as possible whilst maintaining an exhilarating atmosphere.
Construction was completed ahead of schedule and on budget.
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Client Brief Exercise• Divide into the 3 clients for a new
premiership football club stadium;– Spectators– Owners/Operators– Participants
• Discuss the needs and wants of your particular group.
• Formulate a brief for the stadium designer and present your brief to the rest of the class.
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Roof Types• Goal Post structures;
– Best suited for rectangular Stadia– Cheap– Needs regular Maintenance
• Cantilever Structure;– Useful for continuous bowl-
shaped structures and isolated stands
– Unobstructed view– Can appear tall and intimidating
from the outside
Roof
Single Girder
Stands
Stands
Roof
“Tie-down” the weight of the roof
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Roof Types• Space Frame Structure;
– Can create dramatic shapes– Capable of spanning large
distances– Expensive
• Tension Structure;– Carries tension forces
through cables and covered with fabric
– Festive and light in appearance
– Requires sophisticated design
Al Ain Stadium
Olympiastadion Muenchen
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Grass Pitches• Grass needs ample light, air movement and strict
controls over its humidity & temperature to ensure healthy growth.
• The degree of enclosure effects the amount of sunlight and air that reaches the grass.
• Flexible, multi-use stadiums will have a way to either remove the grass or cover it up so music concerts can take place.
• A permanently or partly roofed stadium can increase the quality of the playing surface through use of a– Roll-In/Roll-out pitch– Pitch on jacks, allowing it to be raised– Retractable roof– Partly, or completely translucent roof covering
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Environmental Factors• Visual Impact• Flexibility
– Stadiums which stand dormant for almost half the year are not sustainable structures.
– Multi-use stadiums have a much better impact on the surrounding area and also generate more income.
• Design Life– Incorporate possible expansion options into design.
• Use of materials• Maintenance
– Incorporate a strategy early on to prevent wastage.
• Lighting– Optimise the amount of daylight into the structure.– Distribute floodlights evenly. P13
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Design Decisions Exercise
• Re-group into a design team made up of at least one from each client group.
• By choosing one option from – Degree of enclosure– Roof Type– Pitch system– Roof CoveringOptimise the value you are adding to the
stadium above the cost.
P14