„s cripta manent“

samecniero Jurnali

„S cripta manent“saqarTvelo

#3 (35)

2017

Jurnali dafuZnebulia Ria diplomatiis asociaciis mier

Scr ipta manent

saerTaSoriso recenzirebadi multilingvuri

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

Multilingual Reviewing International Scientific Magazine

Международный рецензионный мультилингвальный научный журнал

„S cripta manent“

GEORGIA

ГРУЗИЯ

#3 (35)

2017

OPEN DIPLOMATIC ASSOCIATION

АССОЦИАЦИЯ ОТКРЫТОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ

GEORGIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ГРУЗИНСКИЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

ISSN 1987-7390UDK (uak) 81+82 S-41

saredaqcio kolegia:

maia CxeiZe

mTavari redaqtori

rusudan TabukaSvili

mTavari redaqtoris moadgile

ia CiqviniZe

pasuxismgebeli mdivani

redkolegiis wevrebi:

viola furcelaZe, hans rudiger fluki, kulpaS beibitova, silvia boteva,

tania grishameri, qeTevan gabunia, maria mixailova, tatiana megreliSvili,

alba graciano, alesandra spadafora, giorgi yufaraZe,

rusudan gociriZe.

misamarTi:

saqarTvelo, Tbilisi, 0175, kostavas 77, korpusi VI, sarTuli VIII

tel. : 236 51 76

E-mail. : r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa: karina xaraziSvili

E-mail. : k-kharazishvili@mail. ru scripta.manentmagazine@gmail. com

Jurnalis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsebulia Ria diplomatiis asociaciis vebgverdze:

www. odageorgia.ge

4

Editorial Board:

Maia Chkheidze, Viola Purtseladze, Rusudan Tabukashvili, Ia Chikvinidze, Hans Rudiger Fluck, Kulpash Beibitova, Tania Grieskhammer, Ketevan Gabunia, Maria Mikhailova, Silvia Boteva, Tatiana Megrelishvili, Alba Graziano, Alessandra Spadafora, Georgi Kuparadze, Rusudan Gotsiridze.

Adress: Kostava str. 77, 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. : (995 32) 236 51 76E-mail: r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

Electronic version: www. odageorgia. ge

Редакционная коллегия:

Майя Чхеидзе, Виола Пурцеладзе, Русудан Табукашвили, Ия Чиквинидзе, Ганс Рудигер Флук, Кульпаш Бейбитова, Таня Грисхаммер, Кетеван Габуния, Мария Михайлова, Сильвия Ботева, Татьяна Мегрелишвили, Альба Грациано, Алессандра Спадафора, Георгий Купарадзе, Русудан Гоциридзе.

Адрес: Ул. Костава 77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел. : (995 32) 236 51 76E-mail: r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

Электронная версия: www. odageorgia. ge

5

redaqciisagan

„Scripta manent~ saerTaSoriso recenzirebadi multilingvuri

samecniero Jurnalia, romelic aqveynebs humanitarul da socia

lur mecnierebaTa rogorc tradiciul, ise Tanamedroveobaze

dafuZnebul Teoriul Tu praqtikul naSromebs. amas garda, igi

adgils uTmobs recenziebs, Targmanebsa da sxvadasxva tipis

SemoqmedebiT naSroms.

profesionalTa naSromebis gamoqveynebis garda Jurnali

miznad isaxavs humanitarul da socialur mecnierebaTa po

pularizacias momaval TaobebSi. Jurnalis redkolegia gansa

kuTrebuli interesiTa da yuradRebiT ekideba doqtorantTa da

axalgazrda mecnierTa naSromebs.

Jurnali recenzirebadia, uaryofiTi recenziiT naSromi av

tors ar ubrundeba. Jurnalis samuSao enebia: qarTuli, ru

suli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli, espanuri da italiuri.

saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi moRvaweoben saqarTvelos

(Tbilisi), germaniis (boxumi, berlini), ruseTis (moskovi), yaza

xeTis (astana), bulgareTis (sofia) da italiis (tuscia) univer

sitetebSi.

6

sarCevi

filologia

ciuri axvlediani, qeTevan gabunialaTinizmTa asimilacia saSualfrangul periodSi ...................................................................... 10

nino zaaliSvilinumeraciuli frazeologizmebis simbolika da semantika ricxviTi saxeliT `sami~ ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15

marina zoranianikonceptualuri Sereva rogorc Semecnebis Teoria .................................................................... 19

nino falavandiSviliformaucvleli semiotikuri niSnebis Targmnis problema mxatvrul literaturaSi g. grasis nawarmoebebis qarTuli Targmanebis magaliTze ............ 24

lia ruxiaSviliiuridiuli termini da profesiuli komunikacia ............................................................................. 32

fiqria WuluxaZemagiuri elementebi qorwilis scenarSi .................................................................................................... 39

marine jaSistilisturad markirebuli sintaqsis sakiTxisaTvis germanul enaSi ....................... 45 maia javaxiZezoonimebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli leqsikis kulturuli konotaciisaTvis italiur enaSi ..................................................................................................................... 51

Tamar jafoSviliinterteqstualobis koncepti boris akuninis deteqtiur romanebSi .......................... 66

Targmani

svetlana barbaqaZe

d. langis mier inglisur enaze Targmnili „qarTveli

wmindanebis cxovrebaTa da wamebaTa krebulis“ u. e. d.

aleniseuli recenzia qarTul enaze ............................................................................................................. 73

7

Contents

Tsiuri Akhvlediani, Ketevan GabuniaLatinizms Assimilation in the Middle French Period ....................................................................... 10

Nino ZaalishviliSymbolism and semantics numerativ phraseologisms with the numeral "three" ............................ 15

Marina ZoranyanConceptual Blending as a Theory of Human Cognition ................................................................... 19

Nino PalavandishviliThe Translation Problem of the Non Changed Characters of the Semiotics Forms in Fiction which bases on Examples of the G. Grasse works Translations Onto Georgian Language ........................................................................................................................................... 24

Lia RukhiashviliLegal Terms and Professional Communication ................................................................................ 32

Pikria ChulukhadzeThe Magical Elements in Wedding Scenario .................................................................................... 39

Marina JashiTo the Question of Stylistically Marked Syntax in German ............................................................. 45 Maia JavakhidzeCultural Connotation of the Names of Animals in Italian ................................................................ 51

Tamar JaphoshviliThe concept of Intertextuality in Detective Novels .......................................................................... 66

Svetlana BarbakadzeD. Alain review on D. Lang's Translation onto English „Lives and Martyrdoms of the Georgian Saints“ .............................................................................. 73

Philology

Translation

8

Содержание

Циури Ахвледиани, Кетеван ГабунияАссимиляция латинизмов в среднефранцузский период .................................................................10

Нино ЗаалишвилиСимволика и семантика нумеративных фразеологизмов с числительным «три» .........................15

Марина Зоранян Концептуальное смешение как теория человеческого познания.....................................................19

Нино ПалавандишвилиПроблема перевода формонеизменяемых семиотических знаков в художественной литературе на примере грузинских переводов произведений Г. Грасса ........................................24

Лия РухиашвилиЮридический термин и профессиональная коммуникация ............................................................32

Пикрия ЧулухадзеМагические элементы в свадебном сценарии ...................................................................................39 Марина ДжашиК вопросу стилистически маркированного синтаксиса в немецком языке....................................45

Майя ДжавахидзеО культурных коннотациях зоонимов и связанной с ними лексики в итальянском языке ...........15

Тамар ДжапошвилиКонцепт интертекстуальности в детективных романах Б. Акунина .............................................66

Светлана БарбакадзеРецензия У. Е. Д. Алена на сборник перевода Лангом на Англиский язык „Житие

и мученичество грузинских святых“ ................................................................................................. 73

Филология

Перевод

9

filologia

PhilologyФилология

10

laTinizmTa asimilacia saSualfrangul periodSi

ciuri axvlediani

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel. 599 508 607

E-mail: [email protected]

qeTevan gabunia




saqarTvelo

tel.: 599 201 099


reziumelaTinuri da franguli enebi monaTe

save enebia; isini, mravali saukunis man

Zilze, mudmivad ganicdidnen urTierT

zemoqmedebas. safrangeTis mosaxleobis

ganaTlebul fenaTa bilingvizmis Sede

gad, Sua saukuneebSi, xdeboda laTi

nuri enis fonetikuri mimsgavseba fran

gulTan, ris Sedegadac, laTinur enaSi,

zogi laTinuri bgera Seicvala fran

gul enaSi arsebuli maTTan miaxloe

buli bgerebiT. es movlena amsubuqeb

da sesxebis process da xels uwyobda

laTinizmTa masiur SeRwevas frangul

enaSi. laTinuri enis fonologiuri

sistema ver axdenda arsebiT gavlenas

laTinizmebze da maTi saSualebiT XIV

XV saukuneebis frangul enazec, radgan

TviTon iyo srulad asimilirebuli am

ukanasknelisagan (franguli enisagan).

sakvanZo sityvebi: asimilacia, laTinizmebi, bilingviz

mi, fonetikuri kanonzomiereba.

Sesavalifonologiur doneze asimilaciis

dros, mimReb enaSi ucxo bgerebi icvle

ba mSobliuri enis ucxo bgerebTan miax

loebuli bgerebiT; Tumca, laTinizmTa

fonetikur asimilacias frangul enaSi

gaaCnia maxasiaTebeli niSnebi, romle

bic ganpirobebulia laTinuri enisagan

nasesxobaTa zogierTi TaviseburebiT.

laTinuri da franguli enebi monaTe

save enebia; isini, mravali saukunis man

Zilze, mudmivad ganicdidnen urTierT

zemoqmedebas. radgan laTinuri nasesxo

bebi frangul enaSi aRwevda wignuri

(samecniero) gziT, am wignTa bilingv

avtorebs hqondaT bunebrivi miswrafe

ba, rom SeenarCunebinaT laTinuri enis

memkvidreobiToba, laTinuri enis or

Tografiisa da struqturis gadataniT

frangul enaSi.

ZiriTadi nawiliXIV-XV saukuneebis laTinurma nase

sxo bebma ver hpoves farTo gavrceleba

frang xalxs Soris da rCebodnen ga

naTlebul adamianTa viwro wris mo

napovrad. ganaTlebulTaTvis gasagebi

iyo laTinizmTa struqtura da amito

mac, maTTvis aucileblobas ar war

moadgenda, rom srulad miemsgavsebinaT

laTinuri nasesxobebi mkvidri sityvebi

saTvis. amgvari Taviseburebebis wyalo

biT, laTinizmebi, xvdebodnen ra fran

gul enaSi, fonetikur asimilacias ki

ar ganicdidnen, aramed mxolod maTi

bolokiduri nawilebi icvleboda mate

rialuri gaformebis gziT; laTinizmTa

materialur gaformebebSi vgulisxmobT

11

im minimalur fonetikur da orTo

grafiul cvlilebebs, romlebsac eqvem

debarebodnen laTinizmTa bolokiduri

nawilebi, franguli da laTinuri enebis

fonologiuri sistemebis gavleniT.

rodesac vsaubrobT frangul ena

Si laTinur nasesxobaTa materialuri

gaformebis kanonzomierebebze, rom

lebic ganpirobebulia fonetikuri

faqtorebiT, unda aRiniSnos is faqti,

rom frangul enaSi moxvedrili laTi

nizmebi ganicdian ori urTierTsawi

naaRmdego tendenciis zemoqmedebas.

erTi mxriv, Seini Sneba miswrafeba, rom

analogiis gziT mova TavsoT isini ukve

arsebul mkvidr sityva Ta rigebSi, meore

mxriv ki – miswrafeba, rom SenarCunebul

iqnas laTinuri enis fonetikuri struq

tura. aRniSnul tendenciaTa Sedegad,

laTinizmebi, metna klebad, uTavsdebian

(emsga vsebian) mkvidr sityvebs an fran

gul enaSi SemoaqvT sityvis laTinuri

struqturis elementebi.

XIV saukuneSi, frangul enaSi arse

bobda sityvaTa ori tipi: 1. mamrobiTi,

maxviliT bolo marcvalze (maison, ami); 2. mdedrobiTi, maxviliT boloswina

marcvalze (porte, chose).frangul enaSi gaCenili yvela neolo

gizmi, maT Soris laTinuri nasesxo

bebic, nawildebodnen sityvaTa am ori

tipis mixedviT. ama Tu im tipis arCeva

damokidebuli iyo laTinuri fuZis da

boloebaze, radgan saxeldobr is war

moadgenda laTinuri enidan nasesxobaTa

amosaval formas. laTinuri enis sity

vaTcvalebadi morfemebi ukuigdeboda,

radgan wyaroenisaTvis damaxasiaTebe

li gramatikuli formebis sistema ar

aRiqmeboda msesxebeli enis mier; nase

sxobaTa baza iyo saxelobiTi brunva,

Tu is emTxveoda fuZes; magaliTad: ac-cusator, m – accusateur, m; adulator, m – adula-

teur, m; agricola, m – agricole, m; aphorismus, m – aphorism, m; barbarus, m – barbare,f.

Tumca laTinuri enis yvela sa xels

ar hqonda sruli fuZe saxelobiT brun

vaSi; kerZod, mesame brunebis mravali

arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelis fuZe

srulad vlindeboda mxolod irib

brunvebSi, romelTa safuZvelzec Se

saZlebeli iyo fuZis gamoyofa; magali

Tad, fuZe arsebiTi saxelisa abstraction, f SeiZleba gamoiyos mxolod irib brun

vebSi: N. abstractio acceleration G. abstactionis accelerationis da a.S.

radganac laTinur sityvaTa saxe lo

biTi fuZeebis umetesi nawili bolov

deba Tanxmovanze, amitomac Tavdapirve

lad xdeboda maTi klasifikacia fran

gul enaSi, saZiebel sityvaTa arsebuli

rigebisa an mamrobiTi tipis adreul

nasesxobaTa analogiis mixedviT; ma ga

liTad: regimentum, n – regiment, m ; supple-mentum, n – supplement, m; fermentum, m – fer-ment, m – analogiiT ornament; m; serment, m da a.S. sityvebisa.

frangul enaSi, im periodSi moqmed

fonetikur kanonzomierebaTa gavleniT,

laTinuri fuZis bolokiduri Tanxmo vani

ganicdida gansazRvrul cvli lebebs;

magaliTad, radganac jer kidev V-VII saukuneebidan xdeboda bolo gaormage

buli Tanxmovnebis dayrueba ZvelisZvel

(mkvidr) nasesxobebSic ki, laTinizmebi

emorCilebodnen am kanonzomierebas: ac-tivum – actif, - ve; captivus – captive, -ve (magram captiver); collectivus – collectif, - ve; successivus-succesif, -ve; coactivus – coactive, -ve; subjectivus – subjectif, -ve – vif, naïf da a. S. analogiiT.

laTinizmTa bolokiduri Tanxmovani

SeiZleba ganicdides ufro arsebiT

cvli lebebsac im Zireul sityvaTa ze

moqmedebis Sedegad, romelTac igive

fuZe gaaCniaT, rac nasesxeb sityvebs;

magaliTad: conscriptus – conscrit, e (ecrit, e

12

–is analogiiT); abstractus – absrtait, e (trait, e –is analogiiT). laTinizm devolutus > devolu, e –s bolokiduri nawilis fone

tikuri evolucia moxda ufro adreuli

laTinuri nasesxobebis gavleniT, ro

gorebicaa: dissolutus – dissolu, e; absolutus – absolu, e. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu frangul

enaSi ar arsebobda Zireuli sityvebis

rigi, laTinuri nasesxebi fuZe imateb

da daboloeba – e –s da amgvarad, warmoiSoboda laTinizmTa klasifikaciis

axali SesaZlebloba, magram ukve – mde

drobiTi tipis mixedviT. amasTanave,

SeiniSneboda laTinuri sityvis imgvari

warmoTqmis tendenciis SenarCuneba, ro

melic mas axasiaTebda laTinur enaSi

sesxebis dros; magaliTad: pedagogus [pe-da-go-gys] – pedagogique (m); hipotheca [i-po-te-ka] – hipothèque; auspicium [ao-pi-sjo] – auspice (m).

SemdgomSi, mravalma nasesxobam Sei

cva la warmoTqmac da orTografiac da

es iyo mizezi imisa, rasac acxadebdnen

frangi lingvistebi frangul enaSi

laTinizmTa materialuri gaformebis

TviTnebobaze. Tumca, laTinizmTa didi

raodenoba zustad asaxavda laTinur

sityvaTa warmoTqmas sesxebis momentSi,

rasac mowmobs dafiqsirebuli orTo

grafiuli variantebi: subrogare [syb-ro-gá-re] – subroger (XVI s.-mde subroguer), derogare [de-ro-ga-re] – deroger ( XVI s.-mde deroguer).

unda gvaxsovdes, rom enaSi funq

cionirebis procesSi, laTinur nasesxo

bebSi, iseve rogorc Zireul sityvebSi,

miuxedavad sityvaTa warmoSobisa, Sei

Zleboda momxdariyo sxvadasxva foneti

kuri da orTografiuli cvlilebebi.

sainteresoa Tvalyuri mivadevnoT “i” –s warmoTqmis cvlilebas prefiqsSi – in (-im) XIII – XVI saukuneebis nasesxobebSi. aRniSnul prefiqsebSi, [i] warmoiTqmoda

rogorc [ẽ] fuZis Semdegi Tanxmovnebis

win: [p] [b] - impossible < impossibilis (XIV s.)im-becile < imbecillus (1495); [k] [g]: inconnu (1392), ingouvernable (XVI s.); [t] [d]: intarissable (XVI s.), indû (XIV s.); [s]: insalubre (1528) < insalu-bris.

warmoiTqmoda rogorc [i] Semdegi

Tanxmovnebis win: [r], [l], [n]: illitré (1560), irritable (XV s.), innomé; [m]: immortal (XIII s.) < immortalis; [I]: inimaginable; [o]: inaudible [inodibl]; [u]: inoubliable; [y]: inutile [inytil].

XIII–XVI saukuneebis nasesxobaTa

analo giiT, ufro gviani nasesxobebi

(XVII s.) inarCunebdnen imave warmoTqmas,

imave poziciebSi. aqedan Cans, rom XIV–XV saukuneebis laTinuri nasesxobebi,

asimilirebulni frangul enaSi, zemo

qmedebas axdendnen franguli enis war

moTqmis wesebis formirebaze.

amgvarad, frangul enaSi, laTinizm

Ta fonetikuri da orTografiuli

gaforme bis, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda,

TviTnebureba, eqvemdebareboda gansa

zRvrul kanonzomierebebs. es kanonzo

mierebani gamoixatebodnen laTinizmTa

bolokiduri nawilebis gansazRvruli

gardaqmne biT, frangul da laTinur ena

Ta fonologiuri sistemebis gavleniT.

am ori enis fonologiur sistemaTa ga

vlena winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTisa iyo;

im dros, rodesac franguli enis fono

logiuri sistema gardamqmnelad zemo

qmedebda laTinizmTa bolokidur nawi

lebze, laTinuri enis fonologiuri

sistema konservatiuli xasiaTisa iyo.

pirveli fonologiuri sistemis zemoq

medebiT, laTinuri nasesxobebi nawil

debodnen sityvaTa mamrobiTi tipis

mixedviT, ris Sedegadac laTinuri fu

Zis bolokiduri Tanxmovani ganicdida

fonetikur cvlilebebs Zireul sityve

bTan erTad; meore fonologiuri siste

mis gavleniT ki, laTinuri fuZe iRebda

daboloeba –e –s, inarCunebda ra am gziT

13

Tanxmovans fonetikuri cvlilebebisa

gan. amgvarfuZiani laTinuri na sesxobebi

nawildebodnen frangul enaSi sityvaTa

mdedrobiTi tipis mixedviT. ama Tu im

fonologiuri sistemis gavlenis gaZlie

rebis gadamwyveti faqtori iyo Zireul

sityvaTa Sesabamisi rigis arseboba an

ararseboba frangul enaSi. magaliTad,

– if-ze daboloebul Zireul sityvaTa

rigis gavleniT, laTinuri zedsarTa

vi saxelebi, – ivus-ze daboloebulni,

sesxebis momentSi, ar iRebdnen bolo

– e-s Tanxmovnis Semdeg da franguli

enis fonetikuri tendenciebis Sesabami

sad, xdeboda bolokiduri Tanxmovnis

dayrueba gabmul metyvelebaSi; xolo

–icusze daboloebul laTinur zedsar

Tav saxelTa sesxebis dros, emateboda

bolo -e, romelic icavda mas fonetiku

ri cvlilebebisagan da cvlida grafema

_ cs _ que-Ti, anu, am SemTxvevaSi, laTi

nuri sityvis warmoTqma SenarCunebulia

sesxebis momentSi. es aixsneba im faqtiT,

rom frangul enaSi ar arsebobs Zireul

sityvaTa Sesabamisi rigi.

daskvnalaTinuri enis fonologiuri sistema

ver axdenda arsebiT gavlenas laTi

nizmebze da maTi saSualebiT XIVXV

saukuneebis frangul enazec, radgan

TviTon iyo srulad asimilirebuli

am ukanasknelisagan (franguli enisa

gan). es gavlena gamoixateboda mxolod

im miswrafebiT, rom sesxebis momentSi

asaxuliyo laTinizmebSi laTinur si

tyvaTa gafrangulebuli warmoTqma. ami

tomac, fonetikur faqtorTa zemoqmede

ba rogorc erTi, aseve meore mxridan,

mxolod minimaluri fonetikuri cvli

lebebiT gamoixateboda, kerZod, nasesxe

bi sityvis bolokiduri nawiliT.

literatura

1. Clédat L. (1930): Précis d’ortographe française. Paris

2. Guiraud P. (1966): Le moyen français. Paris

Ассимиляция латинизмов в среднефранцузский период

Ахвледиани Циури АлександровнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 508 607E-mail: [email protected]

Габуния Кетеван УчаевнаТбилисский государственный университет Факультет гуманитарных наукПр.И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, Грузия Teл.: 599 201 099E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеЛатинские и французские языки являются

родственными. На протяжении многих веков они находились в постоянном взаимодействии. Вследствие билингвизма образованных слоев населения во Франции в средние века произо-шло фонетическое уподобление латинского язы-ка французскому, в результате чего уже в латин-

14

ском языке были заменены латинские звуки наи-более близкими звуками французского языка. Это облегчало процесс заимствования и способ-ствовало массовому проникновению латинизмов во французский язык. Фонологическая система латинского языка не могла оказать существенно-го влияния на латинизмы, а через них и на фран-цузский язык в XIV-XV веках, так как сама была полностью ассимилирована последним.

Ключевые слова:ассимиляция, латинизмы, билингвизм, фоне-

тическая закономерность.

Latinizms Assimilation in the Middle French Period

Tsiuri AkhvledianiTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:599 508 607E-mail: [email protected]

Ketevan GabuniaTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:599 201 099E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Latin and French languages are related. For many

centuries they were in constant interaction. Due the bilingualism of population in France in the middle centuries occured the assimilation of Latin and French languages, therefore in Latin language the la-tin sounds had been changed onto the closest french sounds. This lightened the borrowing process and as the result it led to massive infiltration of latinizms in French. In XIV-XV centuries the phonological sys-tem of Latin language and it could not have influence on latinisms and through them onto French language because it was fully assimilated by the last.

Keywords:Assimilation, latinisms, bilingualism, phonetical

appropriateness.

15

El símbolo y la semántica de los fraseologismos numerales con el numeral “tres”en la base de las lenguas: georgiana, rusa y española

Nino ZaalishviliUniversidad Publica de TelaviTel.:571 011 972E-mail: [email protected]

ResumenEl artículo está dedicado de la semántica de los

fraseologismos numerales con el numeral “tres”. Se trata del símbolo del número cardinal “tres” en tres lenguas de diferente estructura, en particular, georgiano, ruso y español. También en el artículo nos damos los ejemplos del origen de los fraseologismos con el numeral “tres”. Es evidente, que los numerales entran en la estructura de los fraseologismos y crean el grupo, que se llama los fraseologismos numerales.

Palabras claves: el símbolo, la semántica, el origen, los

fraseologismos numerales.

IntroduccionEn los estudios lingüísticos, la fraseología

ha empezado a tomar protagonismo, en primer lugar, porque el conocimiento de las unidades fraseológicas es de gran importancia desde el punto de vista teórico para el estudio de algunos aspectos de las lenguas humanas, como la naturaleza del

llamado discurso repetido [Coseriu. 1986:113-117] y sus elementos integrantes, algunos de los cuales cumplen una función muy destacada en la comunicación lingüística. En segundo lugar, y en un plano más práctico, porque las frases hechas forman parte del componente léxico de las lenguas, al que se dirigen preferentemente varias especialidades de la lingüística aplicada (enseñanza de lenguas, lexicografía, traducción, estudios estilísticos, etc.).

La terminología con la que los diferentes estudiosos se han referido a este tipo de unidades es muy variada. El término más generalizado en la actualidad para denominar este conjunto de unidades es el de unidades fraseológicas (UUFF).

Parte esencialNuestra investigación es condicionada por la

necesidad del examen de los numerales en calidad de la parte integrante en los fraseologismos, también desde el punto de vista del reflejo en ellos de los rasgos etnoculturales de la noción del número, la importancia del estudio de las representaciones sobre el número y las cuentas expresadas en la lengua para la reconstrucción.

La investigación ha confirmado que en el georgiano hay - 3 unidades fraseológicas con el numeral “tres”; en el ruso - 18; en el español – 12.

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Históricamente sabemos que entre los antiguos pobladores, el tres era el más Sagrado de los números; aun cuando es una figura Aritmética, a la que se le han atribuido algunas virtudes místicas, al asegurar que es la base de los Signos de la perfección, y por eso vemos que en la Filosofía de Platón se. le consideraba, como la Imagen del ser supremo en sus tres personalidades: la Material, la espiritual, y a Intelectual que es lo que tácitamente, determina a la unidad hombre, por cuya razón, tal vez Aristóteles llegó al convencimiento de que el tres contiene en sí; al principio, al medio y al fin, lo que también viene a indicamos, que es el Símbolo de la Perfecta armonía, del factor de conservación y del progreso natural, entre todos los seres y las cosas.

En la Mitología Griega y Romana, al número tres se le ha considerado como el principal atributo de los sucesos legendarios, como por ejemplo: se dice que el rayo de Jove era tridente; que el astro Rey tenía tres nombres, Sol, Apolo y Líber y que, igualmente al planeta nocturno, se le designaba de tres maneras: Luna, Diana y Hécate; que también había tres Furias y se conocían tres Parcas, que influían en el ánimo de los hombres.

El numeral tres se encuentra en la composición de los fraseologismos numerales. A pesar de que en las lenguas analizadas “tres” sea sagrado, su número en los fraseologismos no es grande.

Distinguimos los significados semánticos:1. El significado “cuantitativo”:En georgiano - sami dRis goWi sami dRis

savalze wavao [sami dgis gotši sami dgis savalze tsavao];

En ruso- За три вещи не ручайся: за честь, за молодость, за жену [za tri veštši ne rutšajsja //za tšests/ za molodosts/ za ženu].

2. Forma la oposición:En georgiano: sami dRis goWi Cemsken, ori

qali _ Sensken [sami gotši tšemsken/ ori qali šensken];

En ruso: Три бабы – базар, а семь – ярмарка; [tri babi bazar/ a sem jarmarka];

En español: A cada tres por cuatro;

Tres zapatos al buey, cuatro ha menester.3. El significado semántico “la desgracia”:Este grupo es caracterizado para el ruso. Por ejemplo: В поле тебе лебеди, да в дом три

беды; [v pole tebe lebedi/ da v dom tri bedi];Беда беду родит – третья сама бежит; [beda

bedu radit/ tretja sama bežit].En español y en georgiano a nosotros no se

encontró los fraseologismos numerales de tal semántica.

4. El significado semántico “flaco de cabeza”:En georgiano: samamde ver daiTvlis

[samamde ver daitvlis];En ruso: трех не перечтет; [trjox ne peretštiot];En español: no saber cuántas son tres y dos.5. El significado semántico “mucho”:En ruso: С три короба; [strikoroba]Три чулка с языка. [tritšulkasjazika].En español y en georgiano a nosotros no se

encontró los fraseologismos numerales de tal semántica.

6. El significado semántico “el tiempo irreal”:Enruso: На то лето, не на это, а на третий год,

когда черт умрет; [natoleto/ nenaeto. Anatretijgod/ tšjortumrjot];

Не страшны злыдни в три дни, страшны в три года.[ne strašni zlidni v tri dni/ strašni v tri goda].

Al diferencia del ruso, en las lenguas georgiana y española de los ejemplos semejantes no resultó.

Quizás uno de los aspectos más interesantes y curiosos a la hora de hacer un análisis semántico dc los fraseologismos, sea detenerse en ver cuál ha sido su origen y cómo se han llegado a formar. Con el término «origen» nos referimos a los diversos «mundos» en los que surgieron este tipo de expresiones que en un primer estadio designaban normalmente realidades, y que más tarde pasaron a constituir unidades fraseológicas a través de diversos mecanismos que queremos comentar a continuación. Hemos tratado de agrupar, en la mayor medida posible, los campos de origen y hemos logrado sintetizarlos en tres grandes bloques que admitirían, a su vez, posibles subdivisiones:

17

fraseologismos con origen en un hecho histórico o cultural, fraseologismos con origen en tradiciones y usos populares, y fraseologismos que provienen de lo que podríamos llamar «vida cotidiana».

Procedente del derecho medieval cuando se impartía justicia tres veces al año, eran necesarios tres jueces y el juicio se celebraba entre tres árboles, tres robles. La utilización del número tres se debe, sin duda, a su calidad de número mágico.

En español:– Mantenerse en sus trece (= no cambiar de

opinión), que «Suponen muchos [...] tiene su origen en la terquedad con que el antipapa Pedro de Luna mantuvo su derecho al pontificado con el nombre de Benedicto XIII, durante el cisma de Occidente. En diversas ocasiones prometió renunciar a su alto cargo, pero cuando llegaba el momento de la renuncia volvía atrás de sus promesas. Después de muchas aventuras se encerró en el castillo de Peñíscola, y contra todas las comunicaciones dc reyes y príncipes para que depusiera su actitud, se mantuvo tercamente en sus trece y murió, ya nonagenario, en 1424, titulándose Benedicto XIII.» [José M A Iribarren. 1996: 71-22]. Aunque también existe otra teoría que sitúa el origen de este fraseologismo en un juego de cartas y — Donde Cristo dio las tres voces (muy lejos), que es una «Locución que alude al desierto donde se retiró Jesús durante cuarenta días para orar y donde fue tentado por el diablo tres veces, según el relato bíblico. Como se sabe, Jesús rechazó las tentaciones diabólicas con tres frases o voces, a saber: “No sólo de pan vive el hombre, sino de toda palabra que sale de la boca de Dios”; “No tentarás al Señor, tu Dios,” y “Vete, Satanás, porque escrito está: Al Señor, tu Dios, adorarás, y a Él solo servirás”. La alusión al desierto en el que permaneció Jesús durante cuarenta días seguidos sin ver a nadie explica el sentido con que se usa la locución» [Gregorio Doval, 1995: 103].

El fraseologismo ruso – наговоритьстрикороба [nagovorits s tri koroba] (significa, decir la mentira; mucho decir).

Por una de las versiones el origen de este fraseologismo es pagano, es vinculado a la Tía-Yaga.

La Tía-Yaga (La bruja vieja en los cuentos rusos) siempre daba al héroe el pelotón de los hilos, la guía original. Se Considera que Tía –Yaga guardaba estos pelotones en la caja de corteza de abedul. fue posible mentir con tres cajas significó que Tia-Yaga daba, por decirlo así, «incorrecto» - no trabajador-pelotones en una gran cantidad.

Hay una segunda versión, más realista. En el libro de Daly «Los Proverbios y los proverbios del pueblo ruso» son tal proverbio: «Ha llegado la tía de la ciudad, ha traído las noticias con tres cajas». En el proverbio va el habla sobre una tía que ha llegado y ha traído consigo muchos novedades.

Queremos subrayar la reiterada aparición del número tres, tanto en los ejemplos citados hasta ahora como en otros muchos que aparecerán a lo largo de este análisis, que es fiel reflejo de la importancia de los números mágicos, y en general de la simbología de los números, en la tradición cultural de los diferentes países, tanto orientales como occidentales.

ConclusionLa simbología numérica que pensábamos, a priori,

que podría ser el origen de muchas expresiones, está, sin embargo, muy poco presente salvo en lo que afecta al número tres, sobre todo este último, que se utiliza a menudo sin justificación alguna y por la única razón de ser un número mágico, así, por ejemplo, tanto en georgiano, como en español y en ruso, indica, con mucha frecuencia, una cantidad grande, cuando de hecho el número tres no es muy elevado. La única justificación para ello es la importancia y la magia del número tres a lo largo de la historia cultural universal. Como observación final, queremos resaltar la diversidad tan grande de contenidos semánticos que se expresan en las lenguas examinadas por medio de un único campo léxico como es el de los numerales.

18

Literatura

1. Academia Española. Gramática de la lengua española. Madrid.1959

2. Gracián T. (1946): Fraseología de la lengua española. Madrid

3. Larousse (2001): Gran diccionario de frases hechas Larousse, Spas editorial. S. L. Barcelona

4. Coseriu E. (1986): Introducción a la lingüística, Madrid

5. Gregorio D. (1995): Nuevo diccionario de historia: términos, acontecimientos e instituciones, Madrid

6. Русская грамматика (1980): Главный ред. Н.Ю. Шведова. – М.: Академия Наук СССР. Т. 1.

7. Виноградов В. В. (1977): Об основных типах фразеологических единиц в русском языке. М.

Символика и семантика нумера-тивных фразеологизмов с числи-

тельным «три»/на материале грузинского, русского и

испанского языков/

Заалишвили НиноТелавский государственный университетим. Я. ГогебашвилиТел.: 571 011 972E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеСтатья посвящена семантике нумеративных

фразеологизмов с числительным «три». Речь идет о символике количественного числитель-ного «три» в трех разноструктурных языках, в частности, в грузинском, русском и испанском языках. В статье приведены примеры происхож-дения фразеологизмов с числительным «три». Очевидно, что числительные входят в состав фразеологизмов и создают группу, которая назы-вается "нумеративные фразеологизмы".

Ключевые слова: символ, семантика, происхождение, нумера-

тивные фразеологизмы.

numeraciuli frazeologizmebis simbolika da semantika ricxviTi saxeliT `sami~

nino zaaliSvili

i. gogebaSvilis sax. Telavis saxelm

wifo universiteti

tel.: 571 011 972E-mail: [email protected]

reziumestatia eZRvneba numeratiul frazeo eZRvneba numeratiul frazeoeZRvneba numeratiul frazeo numeratiul frazeonumeratiul frazeo frazeofrazeo

logizmTa semantikas ricxviTi saxe liT

“sami�. ganixileba raodenobiTi ricxvisami�. ganixileba raodenobiTi ricxvi�. ganixileba raodenobiTi ricxviganixileba raodenobiTi ricxvi raodenobiTi ricxviraodenobiTi ricxvi ricxviricxvi

Ti saxelis “sami� simbolika sami gan

sxvavebuli struqturis mqone enaSi, ker struqturis mqone enaSi, kerstruqturis mqone enaSi, ker mqone enaSi, kermqone enaSi, ker enaSi, kerenaSi, ker, kerker

Zod, qarTul, rusul da espanur enebSi.

statiaSi mocemulia ricxvis “sami�

Semcvel frazeologizmTa warmoSobis

nimuSebi. ricxviTi saxeli “samis� Sem. ricxviTi saxeli “samis� SemricxviTi saxeli “samis� Sem saxeli “samis� Semsaxeli “samis� Sem “samis� Semsamis� Sem� SemSem

cveli frazeologiuri erTeulebi er frazeologiuri erTeulebi erfrazeologiuri erTeulebi er erTeulebi ererTeulebi er erer

Tiandebian im jgufSi, romelsac numera im jgufSi, romelsac numeraim jgufSi, romelsac numera jgufSi, romelsac numerajgufSi, romelsac numera, romelsac numeraromelsac numera numeranumera

tiuli frazeologizmebi ewodeba.

sakvanZo sityvebi: simbolo, semantika, warmoSoba, numera

tiuli frazeologizmebi.

19

Conceptual Blending as a Theory of Human Cognition

Marina ZoranyanGeorgian Technical UniversityDepartment of Liberal Sciences77 Kostava st., 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. : 593 783 826E-mail: [email protected]

AbstractThe article deals with the notion of conceptual

blending in cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Blend-ing Theory is a methodological basis for analyzing the process of creation of new meanings. It was in-troduced by Fauconnier and Turner as a general the-ory of human cognition. Conceptual blending theory claims that elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process. The blend is the core of the Blending Theory. Emer-gent structure is a result of three blending processes: composition, completion and elaboration. Conceptu-al blending is described and studied scientifically in terms of conceptual integration networks, which are the mechanisms that enable the creation of meaning. A conceptual integration network basically consists of four connected mental spaces: two input spaces, a generic space and the blended space.

Keywords: Conceptual blending, conceptual integration the-

ory, mental spaces, conceptual integration network, input space, generic space, blended space, composi-tion, completion, elaboration.

IntroductionConceptual Blending Theory (CBT), also called

Conceptual Integration or Blending Theory is a methodological basis for analyzing the process of creation of new meanings. Initially, the theory was used mainly to explain linguistic phenomena (lin-guistic blends), especially metaphorical expressions,

but soon its application was extended to the analysis of non-linguistic blends. Conceptual blending is a crucial cognitive process occupying the central place in human thought and manifesting itself in various aspects of human activity.

Main BodyBlending theory emerged from two theories of

cognitive linguistics: conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and mental spaces theory (MS). It differs from both CMT and MS in the way it describes the cognitive process of meaning creation via the exis-tence of certain emergent structures (the blends) not considered by either of the other two frameworks. “Blending Theory focuses specifically on the dy-namic construction of meaning." [Murphy and Ko-skela. 2010:38] Conceptual blending is a deep cog-nitive activity that "makes new meanings out of old" [Fauconnier and Turner. 1999:397]. Conceptual blending theory claims that elements and vital rela-tions from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a sub-conscious process.

Conceptual blending theory was introduced by Fauconnier and Turner (1994, 1998, 2002, 2003) as a general theory of human cognition and further de-veloped by Coulson (2001, 2006), Oakley (2000) and Grady (1999, 2005). Conceptual blending is “a basic mental operation that leads to new meaning, global insight and conceptual compressions useful for mem-ory and manipulation of otherwise diffuse ranges of meaning.” [Fauconnier and Turner. 2003:57] It plays a significant role in the construction of meaning in our everyday life, in both arts and sciences (especially in the social and behavioral sciences).

As it was mentioned above, blending developed from the mental space theory. According to Faucon-nier (2007) our both long-term schematic and long-term specific knowledge, its frames and basic struc-tures, are incorporated in a series of mental spaces. Mental spaces are defined as “small conceptual

20

packets constructed as we think and talk, for pur-poses of local understanding and action” [Faucon-nier and Turner. 2003:58]. These spaces can be sche-matic when they refer to simple image schemas, e.g. ”path”, and imply a simple frame of walking along a direct path, or they can be specific when they refer to an individual experience of such a frame [as for instance, a memory of the time you climbed Mount Rainier in 2001] [Fauconnier. 2007:351]. In both cases they are stored in our long term memory and used dynamically in the working memory as well.

Mental spaces consist of elements that are usu-ally structured by frames. They are connected with each other and can be modified as thought and dis-course change. Mental spaces are often used to di-vide and organize incoming pieces of information within the referential representation [Coulson and Oakley. 2000: 177]. Different spaces contain dif-ferent information on the same elements, but each space contains a representation that is logically orga-nized (ibid.: 177). Elements within one mental space usually have counterparts in other mental spaces. They are connected with the set of correspondences. These correspondences are referred to as mappings and they are developed from different kinds of re-lations, including change, identity, time, and space. Fauconnier (2007: 355) gives a simple example, that is the frame “x is in love with y”, which can eas-ily build many possible spaces in accordance to our cultural background, e.g. Romeo is in love with Ju-liet, etc. This connecting mental power which works over mental spaces is called conceptual integration or blending.

Blending theory gives insight into our way of thinking, creating and understanding the world around us. This theory deals with both linguistic and non-linguistic blends. The term "blends" is used to refer to a type of data in which very visibly two or more inputs are partially mapped onto each other and selectively projected to a new mental space in which novel structure can emerge.

Conceptual blending is described and studied scientifically in terms of conceptual integration net-works, which are the mechanisms that enable the

creation of meaning. Conceptual blending is a ba-sic mental operation, which is essential for the sim-plest kinds of thought and conceptual integration is an unconscious activity embedded in every aspect of human life [Fauconnier and Turner. 2002: 18]. In its most basic form, a conceptual integration net-work consists of four connected mental spaces: two partially matched input spaces, a generic space con-stituted by structure common to the inputs, and the blended space.

The blended space is connected to the generic space and it develops the emergent structure that is not present in the inputs. The generic structure pres-ent in the generic space is included in the blended space. The blended space also contains structures that cannot be found in the inputs. It is the compo-sition of elements that makes relations that do not exist in the inputs possible in the blend. Fauconnier and Turner (ibid.: 20) claim that “conceptual blend-ing or conceptual integration, is a matter of finding correspondences that look as if they are objectively there, but that require the construction of new imag-inative meaning that is indisputably not ‘there’.”

The blend is the core of the Blending Theory. Emergent structure is a result of three blending pro-cesses: composition, completion and elaboration. Composition is a blending process in which a rela-tion from one mental space is ascribed to an element or elements from other input spaces.

Completion is a blending process that takes place when information in long term memory is matched to the structure in the blend. According to Faucon-nier and Turner (ibid.: 43), completion raises addi-tional structure to the blend and when this structure is added the blend is integrated.

Elaboration is closely related to completion. Running of the blend or its elaboration modifies the blend. During the elaboration, links to the inputs are preserved, and Fauconnier and Turner (ibid.: 44) add that “… all these ‘sameness’ connections across spaces seem to pop out automatically, yielding to a flash of comprehension…” They further claim that this flash will take place only if counterpart links are unconsciously preserved.

21

Conceptual blending theory provides interesting insights into the possible creation of metaphors. Al-though not all blends are metaphorical, all metaphors at some stage in their development involve blend-ing. In a metaphorical blend, prominent counterparts from the input spaces project to a single element in the blended space – they are 'fused' A single element in the blend corresponds to an element in each of the input spaces [Grady et al. 1999:114]. By contrast, in other sorts of blends, such as non-metaphorical, these counterparts may project to distinct elements in the blended space.

In metaphorical blend “this lawyer is a shark”, “a lawyer” shares some characteristics with a shark. It doesn’t mean he has sharp teeth or a big mouth like a shark. Here, the metaphorical attributes of shark: vicious, predatory, aggressive, and tenacious are assigned to lawyer. “Lawyer” is a target domain, which we try to understand, “shark” is source do-main from which metaphorical expression is drawn. The metaphor is formed by the blending of these two conceptual domains. Thus, the statement “this law-yer is a shark” creates an imaginary space in which “shark” and “lawyer” no longer mean what they each meant separately; instead, they interact and emerge as a new concept: “It’s only within the blend that the intended structure emerges” [Fauconnier & Turner. 2003: 23].

Let’s view an example of metaphorical blend from poem “Tulips” by Sylvia Plath (2008):

My husband and child smiling out of the family photo;

Their smiles catch onto my skin, little smiling hooks.

The metaphorical expressions ‘catch onto’ and ‘hooks’ construct the conventional smiles of the family photograph as objects that both force an un-welcome physical connection with the speaker and cause her physical pain. “Smiling hooks,” here is a paradox and a peculiar blend of positivity and negativity. The blended space contains a concept of SMILE and the SMILING HOOKS as being one and the same. “Smiling” appears to present a cheerful, lovely image of her family, beaming, reminding the

speaker that she is loved. However, she feels suffo-cated in such love, noting that “their smiles” become “hooks”, reaching under her skin, causing her physi-cal pain. Plath here is conflicted in her perception of motherhood, realizing her love for her children, her “loving associations” as well as the burdens of motherhood.

ConclusionConceptual blending plays a fundamental role in

the construction of meaning in everyday life, in the arts and sciences, and especially in the social and behavioral sciences. The essence of the theory is the unique ability of human beings to create new mean-ings from existing ones. The main way to implement this ability is to construct a partial match between inputs, to project selectively from those inputs into a novel “blended” mental space, which then dynami-cally develops emergent structure.

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Fiction cited from:13. Plath S. (2008): Collected Poems USA:

Harper Perennial Modern Classics

Концептуальное смешение как теория человеческого познания

Зоранян Марина ГеоргиевнаГрузинский технический университетДепартамент либеральных наукУл. Костава №77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 593 783 826E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеВ статье рассматривается понятие концепту-

ального смешения в когнитивной лингвистике. Теория смешения является методологической ос-новой для анализа процесса создания новых зна-чений. Она была представлена Фоконье и Терне-ром как общая теория человеческого познания.

Теория концептуального смешения утверждает, что элементы различных областей смешиваются, в результате чего происходит смешение менталь-ных пространств в подсознании человека. Бленд является основой теории смешения. Возникшая структура является результатом трех процессов смешения: композиции, завершения и развития.Концептуальное смешение рассматривается и изу чается в научном плане с точки зрения кон-цептуальных интеграционных сетей, являющих-ся механизмами, позволяющими создавать но-вые значения. Концептуальная интеграционная сеть в основном состоит из четырех связанных ментальных пространств: двух исходных (вход-ных) пространств, общего (родового) простран-ства и смешанного (выходного) пространства (бленда).

Ключевые слова: концептуальное смешение, теория концеп-

туальной интеграции, ментальные протранства, концептуальная интеграционная сеть, исходное (входное) пространство, общее (родовое) про-странство, смешанное (выходное) пространство, композиция, завершение, развитие.

konceptualuri Sereva rogorc Semecnebis Teoria

marina zoraniani

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti

kostavas q. #77, 0175, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 593 783 826


reziumestatia ixilavs konceptualuri Sere

vis cnebas kognitur lingvistikaSi.

23

konceptualuri Serevis Teoria axali

mniSvnelobebis Seqmnis procesis anali

zis meTodologiuri safuZvelia. igi

wardgenil iqna fokoniesa da Terneris

mier rogorc Semecnebis zogadi Teoria.

konceptualuri Serevis Teoriis mixed

viT, mravalferovani scenarebis ele

mentebi da sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani

ur TierTobebi “ireva� qvecnobier pro

cesSi. e.w. blendi aris konceptua luri

Serevis Teoriis birTvi. Seqmnili mniS

vneloba Serevis samnairi procesis

Sedegia: kompoziciis, dasrulebis da

ganviTarebisa. konceptualuri Sereva

mecnierulad aRwerili da Seswavlilia

konceptualuri integrirebis qselebis

kuTxiT, romelic aris mniSvnelobaTa

Seqmnis xelSemwyobi meqanizmi. koncep

tualuri integrirebis qseli ZiriTa

dad Sedgeba oTxi urTierTdakavSire

buli mentaluri sivrcisgan: ori Sema

vali sivrcisgan, zogadi sivrcisgan da

Sereuli sivrcisgan.

sakvanZo sityvebi:

konceptualuri Sereva, konceptua

luri integrirebis Teoria, mentaluri

sivrceebi, konceptualuri integrirebis

qseli, Semavali sivrce, zogadi sivrce,

Sereuli sivrce, kompozicia, dasruleba,

ganviTareba.

24

formaucvleli semiotikuri niSnebis Targmnis problema

mxatvrul literaturaSi g. grasis nawarmoebebis qarTuli

Targmanebis magaliTze

nino falavandiSvili

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli

universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti.

WavWavaZis gamziri #53a, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 597 999 184


reziume

rogorc Targmnili teqstebis analiz

ma gviCvena, miuxedavad modalobis ga

momxatveli niSnebis universaluri xasi

aTisa, isini xSirad gansxvavebul funq

ciebs asruleben wyaroenis da mizanenis

sintaqsursemantikur struqturebSi da

konkretul doneze TvalsaCinos xdian

TavianT konvergentul specifikas wina

dadebis, abzacebis da mTliani teqstis

doneze.

modaluri sityvebi qmnian funqciur

jgufebs, romelTa sintaqsuri damouki

debloba gasaTvaliswinebelia Targmnis

procesSi, imisda mixedviT, ra modalur

mimarTebas gamoxataven isini gamonaTq

vamTan dakavSirebiT.

sakvanZo sityvebi: koheziuri mimarTebebi, interpretire

ba, modaluri nawilakebi, semiotikuri

niSnebi,mTavari sazrisi, konteqstua

luri.

Sesavalira TvalsazrisiTac ar unda vikvlev

deT teqstebs, obieqturad maTi analizi

mainc lingvistikis safuZvelze xdeba.

lingvistikis mniSvneloba metad aqtua

luria translatikisTvis, sadac „teqs

tis lingvizacia“ anu misi enis siste

maSi moqceva, ori enis semantikuri, sin

taqsuri da pragmatikuli monacemebis

gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba. wyaroteqstis

analizis dros, mTargmnelisaTvis

mizanteqstis Sesabamis struqturebs

Soris koheziuri mimarTebebis dadgena

swored am ori enis gramatikuli siste

mis safuZvelze xdeba, radgan Targmnis

procesSi gramatika is „xerxemalia“,

romelic Targmnil teqsts Sinaganad

amyarebs da semantikurad amTlianebs. es

ki am mTlianobis „garantis“, koherencis

cnebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba.

struqturulad da semantikurad

ise Ti gansxvavebuli enebis Targmanis

procesSi, rogorc germanuli da qar

Tuli enebia, mxatvruli teqsti analo

giur, naxevrad analogiur an srulad

gan sxvavebul metaforul komponentebs

Seicavs. mTargmnelma „xatovani sa

myaroseuli suraTebis“ Targmnisas, up

irveles yovlisa, unda gaiTvaliswinos

wyaro teqstis kulturulad specifi

kuri parametrebi. am faqtoris gauT

valiswineblobam, SesaZloa, avtoris

Canafiqrsa da mTargmnelis azrovnebis

wess Soris „gagebis~ problema warmo

qmnas.

ramdenadac mxatvruli teqsti meta

forebis araekvivalenturi variantebiT

Canacvldeba, Targmna „kulturuli So

kis“ gaCenis safrTxes qmnis, mTargmnel

ma am dros kontrastuli meTodis sa

25

SualebiT unda daadginos maTi sruli,

nawilobrivi an gansxvavebuli Sesaba

misobis xarisxi.

Cveni mizania gavarkvioT, qarTuli

Targmanebis ekvivalenturobis xarisxi

da ramdenad SeZles mTargmnelebma, ori

enis kulturuli fenomenebis codnis

safuZvelze, wyaro _ enis xatovanebis

interpretireba da Sesabamisad, gageba

semiotikur doneze.

kulturis winaswari determinaciis

dros umTavresad gamovlindeba „gagebis“

gadaulaxavi barierebi. rogorc harald

vainraixi ambobs, calkeuli metaforis

gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia nawilobriv

mSobliuri enis metaforul tradicia

sTan, nawilobriv ki, xasiaTdeba ama

Tu im enis literaturaSi arsebuli

„samyaroseuli suraTebis“ damkvidre

biT [Weinreich. 1976:44]. vinaidan Cveni

Tema uSualod mxatvruli, kerZod ki

g.grasis teqstebis qarTul Targmanebs

exeba, amitom teqstis mraval saxeobas

Soris „mxatvruli teqstis“ specifika

da mniSvneloba unda gamovyoT. swored

mxatvruli teqstis Targmnis procesSi

warmoCndeba mTargmnelis Semoqmedebi

Ti SesaZleblobebi, ris gamoc mas „in

terpretaciad“ (der Interpret) moixsenieben xolme. es ki imas niSnavs, rom mTargm

nels ara mxolod gadmoaqvs mxatvruli

teqstis sazrisi Targmanis enaze, ara

med, imavdroulad, ganmartavs mas da in

terpretatoris funqciasac asrulebs,

rac Targmanmcodneobis enaze origina

lis teqstis „samyaros modelirebas“

niSnavs. mxatvruli teqstis samyaros

modelirebis siZnele, Targmnis siZnele

Targmnis procesSi misi sazrisis dafa

rulobaSi ki ar mdgomareobs, aramed

imaSi, rom igi sagnebisa da obieqtebis

saxiT ar mogvecema, Tumca mxatvruli

teqstebis samyaros modelirebis dros,

realuri sagnebi subieqtis sakuTrebad

iqceva da amis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli

xdeba realobis aRqmis, warmodgenis,

emociebis da ideebis repertuari subi

eqturad iqnas gardasaxuli mTargmne

lis mier [gogolaSvili. 2001:3233].

ZiriTadi nawilimodalobis gamomxatveli sityvebi

ZiriTadad gvxvdeba im sityvebTan, ro

mle bic gamoiyenebian gramatikuli kate

goriebis (uaryofa, kilo, brunva) kodi

rebisaTvis. aseTebi arian Semavseble bi

an diskursis markerebi. saqme exeba sa

metyvelo aqtis iseT mniSvnelovan kate_

gorias, rogoricaa modaloba, romelic

Tavisi arsiT gansazRvravs molapara

kebis damokidebulebas gamonaTqvamis

mimarT. es is mTavari mimarTebaa, ro

melic mTel teqsts gasdevs da Targmnis

procesSi mTargmneli mudmivad masze

unda iyos orientirebuli.

g.grasis qarTuli Targmanebis Seda

rebam originalur teqstebTan dagvana

xa, ra did rols asruleben Targmnis

procesSi, erTi SexedviT, umniSvnelo si

tyvebi, romlebic modaluri nawilakebis

saxeliT gavaerTianeT. es is formaucv

leli sityvebia, romlebsac ar aqvT

winadadebis wevris funqcia, magram wi

nadadebas mTlianad modalur semanti

kas aniWeben. es sityvebi, romlebic um

Tavresad zepirmetyvelebaSi ixmareba,

uxvad gamoiyeneba mxatvrul teqstebSi.

isini winadadebis an gamonaTqvamebis

modalobas gamoxataven, romelsac Sei

Zleba hqondes uaryofis, Sefasebis, gao

cebis, interesis, ganzraxvis, dapirebis

26

da sxvadasxva emociis mniSvneloba.

Sifrinis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli na wi

lakebi asruleben sxvadasxva funqciebs:

gamodian konteqstualuri koordina

torebis rolSi da gamonaTqvamebs aTav

se ben diskursis ama Tu im sibrtyeze; uz

runvelyofen mimdebare gamonaTqva mebis

indeqsacias mTqmelTan, msme nelTan an

orivesTan; uzrunvelyofen gamonaTqva

mebis indeqsacias wina an momdevno dis

kursTan. nawilakebs aqvT integraciuli

funqcia da uzrunvelyofen diskursis

koherentulobas [Schiffrin. 1987].nawilakebi warmoadgenen sityvebs,

winadadebebs, frazebs Tu abzacebs So

ris gamoyenebuli, im funqcionalurad

gansazRvruli sityvebis arCevans, rom

lebic Cveulebriv arasrulfasovan si

tyvebs ganekuTvnebian, damoukideblad

ar ixmarebian da mxolod Targmnis

procesis srulyofilad warmarTvas

uwyoben xels, Tuki teqstis Targma

nis procesSi am sityvebis gamoyeneba

teqstis Targmnis paralelurad mimdi

nareobs. maTi Sefaseba, rogorc saWiro

da aucilebeli Sefaseba Targmnili te

qstis analizis procesSi, translatikis

sferoSi SedarebiT axali wamowyebaa,

radgan nawilakebs tradiciulad ga

nixilaven, rogorc zedmet enobriv sa

Sualebebs, romlebic teqsts gadatvir

Taven da mis Sinaarss ufro gaurkvev

els xdian, vidre garkveulobas aniWeben.

amis mizezi ki is aris, rom am sityvebis

funqciebs zepirmetyvelebaSi ar ikv

levdnen, xolo werilobiT teqstebSi

yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen im garemoebas,

rom am SemTxvevaSi es sityvebi mxatvru

li teqstebis dialogebSi mniSvnelovan

funqciebs iZenen da maT sruliad gansx

vavebul gamomsaxvelobas, ase vTqvaT, „ma

cocxlebel Zalas“ aniWeben. nawilakebi

gamoxataven adresatis damokidebulebas,

Sexedulebas, emociebs adresantisa an

faqtis mimarT, romelzec aris saubari

diskursSi.

mxatvruli teqstis Targmnis proces

Si gansakuTrebulad aqtualobas iZenen

formaucvleli semiotikuri niSnebi,

romlebic enobriv universaliebs gane

kuTvneba da gvxvdeba, rogorc wyaro

enis, aseve mizanenis teqstebSi.

semantikurad modaluri sityvebi iyo

fa sam jgufad da ZiriTadad gamoxatavs:

darwmunebulobas, survils, varauds.

modaluri nawilakebidan g.grasis

teqstebSi xSirad gamoiyeneba Semdegi

formaucvleli sityvebi: also, auch, bloss, den, doch, eben, erst, gerade, ja, mal, noch, nun, schon, so zu, zumal. aRniSnuli sityvebi da

moukideblad Zalian mcire semantikuri

mniSvnelobis mqoneni arian, samagierod

isini emociurad an azrobrivad acocx

leben winadadebas da sxvadasxva xarisx

is modalobas gamoxataven.

unda aRiniSnos, rom grasis nawarmoe

bebSi Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba nawilaki

doch anu _ xom, marTlac. Doch winadadebaSi iTargmneba xan rogorc nawilaki, xan

asrulebs kavSiris rols. TargmanebSi

ki vawydebiT Semdeg mniSvnelobebs: xom,

marTla, ha...raa, ha, raRa, netav ki, ki magram,

aba...erTi. is gvevlineba zmnizedis rol

Sic da amjerad uSualod zmna sTan aris

dakavSirebuli. mag: ,,mainc“. magram Tu

mas kavSiris saxiT vxmarobT, is mxolod

da mxolod „magram“is aRmniSvnelia.

,,doch� garda. grasis romanebSi uxvad gvxvdeba sxva nawilakebic, rogorebicaa eben, ebenfalls halt,ganz und gar,sooft, kurzrum, jedenfalls, insgesammt, zudem, immerhin, sonst, je-doch.

magaliTebi ,,dedali virTagva“dan

“DIE RAETTIN”(mTargmneli nana gogolaSvili)

27

1) ,,Doch, mein Monitor zeigte einzig die Raet-tin“(69)

,,magram Cems monitorze marto deda

li virTagva moCanda“(65).

unda aRiniSnos, rom mTargmneli nana

gogolaSvili dochs xSirad Targmnis

kavSiriT ,,magram“, radgan garkveul

SemTxvevevbSi Tvlis, rom an nawilakis

primaruli mniSvnelobiT Targmna cota

gaauferulebda teqstis sazriss.

msgavsi magaliTebis moyvana uxvad

SeiZleba,

2) `Capitaen Bertman blieb an Bord, doch gab es keinen Schiffkurs’’(84)

,,kapitani bertmani jerac gemze rCe

boda, magram misTvis ucnobi iyo, ra kur

si SeiZleboda aeRo gems’’ (100)

Doch is primaruli mniSvneloba

„mainc“ aq namdvilad uadgilo iqne

boda, amitom igi TargmanSi Seicvala

nawilakiT „magram“, rac ufro Sesaf

erisi da Sesatyvisia azrobrivad. (,,ki

borCxalas nabijiT“)

3) ,,Jedenfalls sahen wir das Flagellantentum ge-gen Schluss der Humangeschichte abermals aufhe-ben’’ (71)

,,ase iyo Tu ise, vnaxeT, kvlavac ro

gor aRzevdnen flagelantebi humanTa

istoriis miwuruls, Tumca isini Cven da

ebraelebs ar gverCodnen“(68) qarTulad

aq ar xdeba damTxveva.

Jedenfalls niSnavs `yovel SemTxvevaSi~,

aq ki, rogorc vxedavT, mTargmnelma

modalobis gamomxatveli gamoTqma ,,ase

iyo Tu ise~ gamoiyena da arc Tu ise

urigod.

4) ,,Insgesammt wurde des Malers Arbeit...in zahlreichen Gutachten gewurdigt“ (113)

,,da Tumca malkastis gvari da saxe

li arsad ewera da Tu ewera, ...misi namu

Sevrebi didi pativiT moixseneboda mra

valricxovan recenziebSi“ (109)

Insgesammt germanulad niSnavs `saer

To jamSi~, ,,mTlianad“, TargmanSi ki

is gadmosulia rogorc daTmobiTi wi

nadadeba Einraeumungssatz. nawilaki Sei

Zleba TargmanSi gadmovides ubralod

kavSiriT, Cven SemTxvevaSi kavSiri ,,Tum

ca“ igive azris matarebelia da gansaz

Rvravs mizanteqstSi bmulobis xarisxs.

5) ,,Sicher, es geht um den Kurs, doch unter-schwellig fuehren die Frauen privaten und nichtver-jaehrten Streit mit sich’ (174)

,,saqme namdvilad gemis mier aRebul

kurss exeba, magram qalebs qvecnobierad

piraduli da mudmivi kamaTi aqvT gamar

Tuli“ (168)

aq srul damTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme,

anu germanul modalur sityvas kargad

gamoxatavs misi Sesatyvisi qarTuli

nawilaki.

6) ,,Sogleich beginnt aus der Oednis zwischen den toten Baeumen eine Dornehecke zuwachsen“ (286)

,,imave wams, ukacriel adgilas, mkvdar

xeebs Soris, amoizrdeba ekalbardiani

Robe~ (274)

,,Sogleich’“ anu ,,maSinve“ germanul wi

nadadebaSi ZiriTadad kavSiris rols

asrulebs, magram mas nawilakis fun

qciac gaaCnia. mTargmnels rom aq kav

Siris mniSvnelobiT gadmoeca avtoris

saTqmeli, bunebrivia, azri daikargeboda.

rogorc nawilaki ki, zustad emTxveva av

toris saTqmels.

7) ,,Die Raettin jedoch durfte“ (440) ,,virTxas Turme araferi ekrZalebo

da“ (417)

nawilaki Jedoch qarTulad niSnavs

,,Tumca“ da ara ,,Turme“, ise rogorc es

mTargmnelma gamoiyena. aq saubaria zus

tad imaze, rom avtori iseT ambavs gvi

yveba, rasac ar daswrebia da ar unaxavs.

mizanenaSi gamoyenebulia Turmeobi

28

Ti forma, romelic mTel winadadebaze

vrceldeba, rogorc gramatikuli mov

lena, gadadis mTlianad sintaqsSi. anu

morfologiidan sintaqsSi, sintaqsur

sistemaSi, anu maTi semantika mTel wina

dadebaze moqmedebs.

imis mixedviT, Tu gamoxatvis romel

saSualebas eZleva upiratesoba ama Tu im

enaSi, modalobis gamoxatvis formebic

enaTa mixedviT gansxvavebulia. modalo

bis kvlevis sferoSi kriteriumebis si

zuste SeiZleba iyos ufro miaxloebi

Ti, vidre realuri. es gasagebia, ram

denadac aRniSnul sferoSi operireba

xdeba iseTi cnebebiT, rogoricaa: ire

aloba, arafaqtobrioba, subieqturoba,

SesaZlebloba, aucilebloba da misT [F. R. Palmer: 2-7 1995].

mocemuli magaliTebiT vrwmundebiT,

rom nawilakebs udidesi mniSvneloba

aqvs winadadebis mTavari sazrisis, emo

ciis, ganwyobis da a. S. gamosaxatavad.

rogorc enaTmecnieri bali ganmartavs

,,ar SeiZleba winadadebis mniSvneloba

mivaniWoT gamonaTqvams, Tu masSi ar

aris modalobis raime gamoxatuleba

mainc~ [bali. 1995:4445].

magaliTebi ,, kiborCxalas nabijiT“

(mTargmneli nana gogolaSvili)

1) ,,Alexsander Marinenko wurde 1913 geboren,

und zwar in der Hafenstadt Odessa“

,,aleqsandre marinenko 1913 wels

dabadebula, rogorc Cans SavizRvi

spireTis erTerTi didebuli qalaqi

unda yofiliyo“(18)

Zwar _ aris ,,saxeldobr, Tumca“,

mTargmnelma ki sityva „rogorc Cans“

mourgo. roca Semdeg winadadebaSi igive

nawilaki ,,Zwar“ Targmnilia, rogorc

,,marTalia“.

rogorc mecnieri liaponi asabuTebs,

,,subieqturi modaloba molaparakis

mier faqtis sxvadasxvagvar, subieqtur

kvalifikacias, Sefasebas gamoxatavs.

igi gamoirCeva Sinaarsisa da gamoxatvis

saSualebaTa mravalferovnebiT. obieq

turi modalobisgan gansxvavebiT, subi

eqturi modaloba ufro metad fakul

taturia [liaponi. 1990: 303304].

2) ,,Dennoch konnte ich den Gedanken nicht abweisen“ (72)

is azri vera da ver momeSorebina Ta

vidan(87)

Dennoch, romelic qarTulad niS

navs „da mainc“, an „miuxedavad amisa“,

mTargmnelma „vera da ver“ Seavso mizan

enaSi, radganac winadadebaSi mocemul

ma uaryofam ,,nicht“ misca mas saSualeba

aRniSnuli nawilaki amdagvarad eTargm

na.

3) ,,Genau wusste Mutter das nicht, ausserdem taten ihr nur die Hunde leid“ (107)

,,dedam amis Sesaxeb zustad araferi

icoda, magram am dros mas guli mxo lod

ZaRlebze Sestkioda“ (126)

am SemTxvevaSi germanuli sityva ,,gar

da amisa“, „magram“iT Caanacvla qar

TulSi, radganac ausserdem (garda amisa)

sruliad Secvlida winadadebis azrs.

11) Doch nicht nur Gabi, auch Mutter hat in mir den typischen Versager gesehen(43)

,,marto gabi ki ara, dedac tipiur

uqnaras xedavda CemSi.“

nawilaks ,, Doch’’ uamravi mniSvnelo

bebi aqvs germanul enaSi, qarTulSi ki

arc Tu ise bevri. konteqstidan gamom

dinare, mTargmneli zustad argebs aq

formaucvlel sityvas ,,marto“, riTac

kidev ufro aZlierebs erTi personaJis

damokidebulebas meoresTan. es is Sem

Txvevaa, rodesac mTargmneli zogjer

modalur mniSvnelobas molaparakis

emociureqspresiuli damokidebulebis

SemotaniT afarToebs.

29

,,BLECHTROMMEL“ ,,Tunuqis doli“

(mTargmnelebi eka raisneri/ natalia

nadareiSvili)

1) „Dennoch soll hier nicht behauptet werden“ (59)

„amis miuxedavad sulac ar minda

gimtkicoT...“

Dennoch aq mTargmnelebs gadmotani li

aqvT rogorc „amis miuxedavad~ ungeachtet dessen�. vfiqrobT, ufro Sesaferi iqne

boda nawilaki ,,da mainc“, radgan, kon

teqstidan gamomdinare, avtors surs mo

saubris mier gamoTqmuli azris kidev

erTxel dasabuTeba da ara raRac mizez

is Cveneba

4). „Immerhin eine Minute lang durfte sich Os-kar ungestraft den Mond ansehen“ (481)

,,da sxva rom araferi, oskars erTi

wuTiTac mainc SeeZlo dausjelad eyu

rebina mTvarisaTvis“ (402).

aq mTargmnels modaluri konstruq

ciiT ,,da sxva rom araferi“ aqvs gadmo

cemuli germanuli modalobis gamomxa

tveli sityva ,,Immerhin, romlis primaru

li mniSvnelobaa ,,yvela SemTxvevaSi“ da

vfiqrobT, rom es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac

mTargmneli kreatulobiT zustad usa

dagebs Sesaferis sityvas an gamoTqmas

avtoriseuls.

5) ,,batonma maceratmac, romelic im

dros mxolod TxuTmetiode wlisa Tu

iqneboda, yvelaferi icoda, naxevrad brma

icno kidec“ (638)

,,Herr Matzerath, der zu dem Zeitpunkt allenfalls fuenfzehn Jahre gezaehlt hatte, auf dem laufenden verkannte sogar den Halbblindenden“ (757).

TargmanSi gamoyenebuli ,,mxolod~

ar gvaqvs wyaroteqstSi. mTargmnels am

nawilakis Semotana mxolod da mxolod

imisaTvis dasWirda, rom gaeZlierebina

avtoris sentencia. Surufsi nawilakebs

marTebulad uwodebs „damadastureb

lebs“ da Tvlis, rom isini moqmedeben

kognitiur doneze, amJRavneben adresan

tis kognitiuri procesebisa da azro

vnebis meTods, romelsac igi iyenebs ama

Tu im diskursis fragmentis warmoebis

dros [Schourup. 1985:2223].mxatvruli teqstis Targmanis proce

sSi mTargmnelis azrovneba esTetikuri

da xatovani enis ganzomilebaSi gadaina

cvlebs. xatovani enis kodSi am dros

xdeba cvlileba. gamoyenebis SesaZle

blobebs mis hibridul anu sxvadasxva

enobriv SreebTan erTad, metaforebis

klasebic qmnian, romelTa xSiri rea

lizacia wyaroteqstebSi mTargmnelis

mier ekvivalenturi variantebis moZe

bnas da SerCevas moiTxovs.

daskvnaSegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom translati

kaSi ar arsebobs centraluri da margi

naluri problemebi, radgan mxatvruli

teqstis procesSi, SesaZloa, win wamoi

wios sruliad umniSvnelo enobrivma

movlenam, romelsac arc wyaroenis da

arc mizanenis sistemaSi didi roli ar

aqvs. samagierod, SesaZloa, man swored

teqstSi miiRos iseTi semantikursinta

qsuri, azrobrivi da emociuri datvirT

va, romlis gareSec teqstis mTeli ab

zaci an Tavi, mTlianad dakargavs Tavis

funqcias.

iseTi enobrivi, formaluri semioti

kuri niSnebi, am SemTxvevaSi modalo

bis gamomxatveli, romlebsac TiTqosda

enaSi funqcia ar aqvT xSirad Targmnis

procesSi did yuradRebas da codnas sa

Wiroeben lingvistur Tu emociur done

ze. nawilakebi xSirad konteqstualuri

mniSvnelobis niuansebs gamoxataven da

30

mkafios xdian adresatis damokidebu

lebas gamoTqmuli mosazrebis mimarT.

Sesabamisad, maT didi pragmatuli dat

virTva gaaCniaT.

literatura

1. Heinemann M. (2002): Heinemann Wolfgang. Grundlagen der Textlingwistik; Interaktion-Text-DiskursMax Niemejer Verlag, Tubingen

2. Kleine Enzyklopädie Deutsche Sprache. (1983): Leipzig.

3. Palmer F. R. (1995): Mood and Modality. Cambridge University Press

4. Schiffrin D. (1987): Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

5. Schourup L. C. (1985): Common Discourse Particles in English Conversation. New York and London: Garland Press

6. Weinrich H. (1976): Sprache in Texten.Stuttgart

7. Балли Ш. (1955): Общая лингвистика и во-просы французского языка, пер. с франц.

8. Ляпон М. В. (1990): Лингвистический энци-клопедический словарь. Сов. энцикл.

9. gogolaSvili n. (2011): giunter

grasi `dedali virTagva�. Tb., Sps �ba kur

sulakauris gamomcemloba“

10. gogolaSvili n. (2008): giunter

grasi `kiborCxalas nabijiT~. Tbilisi

11. gogolaSvili n. (2001): saenaT

mecniero Ziebani. (X. gamomc, Ed.) Tbilisi:

qarTuli ena

12. gogolaSvili n. (2001): samyaros

modelirebis problema mxatvruli

teqstis Targmnis procesSi. Tbilisi

Проблема перевода формонеизменяемых

семиотических знаков в художественной литературе на примере грузинских переводов

произведений Г. Грасса

Палавандишвили НиноГрузинский университет им. Андрея ПервозванногоФакультет гуманитарных наукул. И.Чавчавадзе №53 а; Грузия, ТбилисиТел.: 597 999 184


РезюмеАнализ переведённых текстов показал, что

несмотря на универсальный характер знаков, выражающих модальность, они часто выполня-ют особенные функции в синтаксико-семантиче-ских структурах в языке-источнике и в языке пе-ревода, и на конкретном уровне делают нагляд-ной свою конвергентную специфику, на уровне предложения, абзацев или целого текста.

Модальные слова создают функцийные груп-пы, синтаксическую независимость которых сле-дует учитывать в процессе перевода, в зависимо-сти от того, какую модальную направленность они выражают по отношению к высказыванию.

Ключевые слова: когезивные соотношения, интерпретация, мо-

дальные частицы, семиотические знаки, главная мысль, контекстуальный.

31

The Translation Problem of the Non Changed Characters of the Semiotics

Forms in Fiction Which Bases on Examples of the G. Grasse works

Translations Onto Georgian Language

Nino PalavandishviliAndrey Pervozvanni's Georgian UniversityFaculty of Hummanitarian Sciences53a, Chavchavadze av., Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 597 999 184

Е-mail: [email protected]

AbstractAs the analyse of the translated text showed, in

spite of modality sign’s universal character, they of-

ten carry out different functions between thesyntac-tic semantic structures of the source and the target language. On a specific level they obviously show their convergent specificity within the sentences, paragraph and the whole text.

Modal words which make functional groups, their syntactic independency isconsidered during the translation according to what modal connections they express within the expressions.

Keywords:coherence connections, interpretation, modal

particle, semiotic signs, main option, contextual.

32

iuridiuli termini da profesiuli komunikacia

lia ruxiaSvili




saqarTvelo

tel. 577 306 306E-mail: [email protected]

reziumetermini gansazRvruli enis leqsiku

ri erTeulia, romelic specialuri

miznebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. is aRniSnavs

konkretuls an abstraqtuls, codnis

an qmedebis gansazRvruli specialuri

sferos Teoriis cnebas. termini rTuli

movlenaa. termini sityvaa an Sesityve

ba, romelic specialur cnebas gamoxa

tavs. terminologia ki specialur enas

ganekuTvneba. specialuri enis ZiriTadi

amocanaa sityvebis gamoyeneba sagnebisa

da movlenebis definiciisaTvis. unda

aRvniSnoT, rom es definiciebi unda

iyos zusti da ekonomiuri. Cveni kvlevis

obieqtia saojaxo samarTlis terminebis

kvleva qarTul, inglisur da frangul

enebSi, im mizniT, rom dadgindes, Tu ra

msgavseba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris da

is xerxebi, riTac xdeba am terminebis

formireba zemoxsenebul enebSi.

sakvanZo sityvebi: termini, specialuri ena, saojaxo sa

marTali, profesiuli komunikacia, in

ternacionalizaciis procesi.

Sesavalitermini specialuri sityvaa an si

tyvaTSeTanxmeba, romelic miRebulia

profesiul saqmianobaSi da gamoiyeneba

gansakuTrebul pirobebSi. termini cne

bis sityvieri gamoxatulebaa, romelic

Sedis profesiuli codnis gansazRvrul

sferos cnebaTa sistemis Semadgenlo

baSi. termini enis ZiriTadi cnebiTi

elementia, romelic gankuTvnilia spe

cialuri miznebisaTvis [superanskaia,

podolskaia, vasilieva. 2003:14].

termini simboloa, romelic fiqsire

bul sistemaSi aRniSnavs koordinats,

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gansazRvrul

samecniero sferoSi erTaderT obieqts.

lingvistikaSi ar arsebobs terminolo

giisadmi erTgvarovani midgoma. zogier

Ti lingvisti termins ganixilavs ro

gorc samecniero sferos cnebiTi sis

temis nawils, meoreni terminSi xedaven

,pirvel rigSi, sityvas, romelic saerTo

enis leqsikis nawilia. dRes lingviste

bi ar davoben imaze, rom termini sity

vaa an Sesityveba, romelic specialur

cnebas gamoxatavs. Tumca sakiTxi imis

Sesaxeb, Tu metyvelebis ra nawilebiT

SeiZleba iqnas warmodgenili termini,

araerTgvarovnad wydeba. lingvistebis

umetesi nawili fiqrobs, rom termine

bis enobrivi forma mxolod arsebiTi

saxeli an mis safuZvelze Seqmnili Se

sityveba SeiZleba iyos.

is sakiTxi, rom termini specialur

sferos ganekuTvneba, ganpirobebulia

imiT, rom is gamoiyeneba cnebebis nomi

naciisaTvis. terminis es Tviseba war

moadgens yvelaze mniSvnelovan movle

nas da ganapirobebs imas, rom is mieku

Tvneba codnis specialur sferos. cno

bilia, rom cnebebis aRniSvnis funqcia

SeiZleba Seasrulos ara marto specia

lurma, aramed sayovelTao sityvebma da

maTma Sesityvebebma. g. vinokuri werda,

rom terminebi gansakuTrebuli sityve

bi ki ara, aramed gansakuTrebuli fun

33

qciis mqone sityvebia [vinokuri. 1939:5].

Tuki termins funqciuri TvalsazrisiT

mivudgebiT, is enobrivi niSania, romlis

ZiriTadi funqcia adamianis SegnebaSi

qmnis mocemul obieqtze srul warmod

genas, romelic mTeli misi TvisebebiT

codnis gansakuTrebul sferos ganeku

Tvneba [kapanaZe. 1965:79; moiseevi. 1970:138;

reformatski. 1961: 4748].

nominacia, semantikuri sizuste, mono

semanturoba, simokle, motivirebuloba

da derivaciis unari terminis specialur

metyvelebaSi CarTvas uzrunvelyofs.

rogorc aRvniSneT, termini sityvaa an

Sesityveba, romelic specialur cnebas

gamoxatavs. terminologia ki specialur

enas ganekuTvneba. cneba _ specialuri

ena da misi lingvisturi buneba didi xa

nia damkvidrda enaTmecnierebaSi. am sfe

roSi pirveli naSromebi ucxour ling

vistikaSi XIX saukuneSi gaCnda. Tumca am

movlenis pirveli Teoriuli safuZveli

XX saukuneSi gvxdeba. es dakavSirebu

li iyo mecnierebisa da teqnikis inten

siur ganviTarebasTan, rodesac enobri

vi saSualebebis meSveobiT SeZle bdnen

zustad gamoexataT samecnie ro cnebebi.

termini _ specialuri ena lingvistikaSi

praRis lingvisturi wris warmomadgen

lebma gamoiyenes. maT warmodgenaSi ena

iyo niSanTa sistema, romlisTvisac eno

brivi funqciis cneba mTavaria. lingvis

tur analizs funqciurad udgebodnen,

radganac enas, maTi azriT, mizanmimar

Tuli gezi aqvs.

specialuri enis ZiriTadi amocanaa

sityvebis gamoyeneba sagnebisa da movle

nebis definiciisaTvis. unda aRvniSnoT,

rom es definiciebi zusti da ekonomiu

ri unda iyos. amitom, specialuri enebi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc gamoyene

biTi daniSnulebis enobrivi sistemebi.

ase udgeba am sakiTxs praRis lingvis

turi skola. maTi gagebiT, specialuri

ena Sedgeba sagnobrivpraqtikuli da

samecnieroTeoriuli Sreebisagan. ase

Ti definicia araa sruli, vinaidan spe

cialuri enebi arsebobs ara mxolod

weriTi, aramed zepiri formiTac. amgva

rad, unda gaviTvaliswinoT funqciur

stilisturi aspeqtic. yvela es faqtori

r. bartma gaaerTiana Tavis TeoriaSi

specialuri enebis Sesaxeb.

is ganixilavs profesiul enas, ro

gorc enobrivi sistemis tipur reali

zacias [barti. 1976:211]. es sistema ar

sebobs ara mxolod gansakuTrebuli

lingvisturi, aramed socialuri wesebi

Tac. Tumca es Teoria sadavoa, radganac

ZiriTadi aqcenti leqsikis socialur

bunebaze keTdeba, Tumca ar xsnis, riTaa

ganpirobebuli leqsikuri da sintaqsu

ri saSualebebis SerCeva.

ZiriTadi nawilispecialuri enis ganviTarebis tenden

cia umetesad ganpirobebulia termino

logiis TaviseburebebiTa da ganviTa

rebis doniT, romlebic maT semantikur

birTvs qmnian, Tumca mxolod termino

logiuri TaviseburebebiT ar amoiwure

ba es sakiTxi. k. averbuxi gamoyofs spe

cialuri enis ganviTarebis xuT tenden

cias: integracia, diferneciacia, inter

nacionalizacia, unifikacia, ekonomia

[averbuxi. 2004:2747].

Tanamedrove mecnierebis ganviTarebis

arsi samecniero codnis integracias da

masTan dakavSirebuli mravali samec

niero disciplinis daaxloebas gansazR

vravs. yvelaze saintereso da aqtualu

ri samecniero problemebi ori an meti

mecnierebis Sesayarze Cndeba. ase xdeba

samecniero codnis integrireba. enis

34

sferoSi amis uSualo asaxva imiT xdeba,

rom sxvadasxva samecniero discipline

bis yvelaze aqtiuri kontaqtebis adgi

las maTi enebi erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba,

isini erTmaneTs avseben, aseve qmnian

axal specifikur terminebs warmoqnili

kompleqsuri problemisaTvis. amgvarad,

samecniero disciplinebis integraciis

paralelurad xdeba enaTa integracia.

integraciis procesebi samarTlis

enasac Seexo. samarTali mudmiv zegavle

nas ganicdis codnis mravali sferosa

gan, Tumca yvelaze meti TanamSromloba

arsebobs samarTlis enasa da ekonomikis

enas Soris. ekonomikuri saqmianoba xor

cieldeba samarTlebriv CarCoSi, amitom,

zogierTi iuridiuli termini uSualo

daa dakavSirebuli ekonomikis enasTan,

kerZod, SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc

ekonomikuri termini. magaliTad: loan-prêt-sesxi; contract-contract of service, contract of employement-contrat-contrat de travail – SromiTi xelSekruleba; annuity-rente-renta; mortgage, bond, pledge-hypothèque-hipoTeka; redemption-rachat – yidva, Sesyidva; accep-tance-acceptation-aqcepti; émission-issue, issuing, drawing _ emisia da sxva.

am terminebis CarTvis dasturi eko

nomikisa da samarTlis enebis leqsiko

nebSi specialuri aRniSvnebiTaa moce

muli. terminebi aqcepti, ipoTeka, emisia

erTdroulad aris rogorc ekonomiku

ri, ise samarTlis terminebi. mecniere

baSi diferenciacia ZiriTadad Cndeba im

dros, rodesac samecniero discipli

nebis kontaqtis adgilebSi axali mec

nierebebi gaCnda, rogorebicaa: maTema

tikuri lingvistika, bionika, genetika,

kibernetika da a.S. komunikaciis sfero

Si maTi realizeba axali enebis warmo

qmniT xdeba, romlebsac maTTvis damaxa

siaTebeli Taviseburebebi gaaCnia.

internacionalizaciis procesi fran

guli, inglisuri da qarTuli samarTlis

enebSi Taviseburad warimarTa. franguli

samarTlis enam didi zegavlena moxdina

inglisuri samarTlis enaze. qarTulSi

gvaqvs saerTaSoriso terminebi, Tumca

gvaqvs sufTa qarTuli sityvebic. maga

liTad: advokati, veqili- avocat-barrister, counsel, advocate, lawyer; alimenti-pension alimen-taire-maintenance; alimony; aqcepti-acceptance-acceptation da sxva. qarTul saojaxo sa

marTalSi mravali sityvisagan Se mdgari

terminebi gvaqvs. magaliTad: meuRleebis

qorwinebamde arsebuli qoneba; qorwine

bis baTilad cnoba; qorwinebis Semdeg

SeZenili qoneba; mamobis prezumfcia;

Tumca gvaqvs mokle terminebic: qorwine

ba, uunaroba; frangulSi igive termine

bi Semdegi sityvebiT gadmoicema: mariage; aquêts; biens; annulation de mariage; présomption de paternité; invalidité; inglisuri termine

bia: marriage; presumption of paternity; disability; goods; acquests; annulment da sxva.

termins axasiaTebs derivaciuloba.

terminis derivaciuloba isaa, rom is

mosaxerxebeli unda iyos sxva axali

terminebis sawarmoeblad. es moTxovni

leba savaldebuloa axali terminebis

Sesaqmnelad, is uzrunvelyofs SemdegSi

terminebis sistemurobas da simokles.

terminis derivaciuloba gulisxmobs

aseve imas, rom is SeiZleba gaxdes pro

duqtiuli baza erTfuZiani terminebis

warmosaqmnelad. magaliTad: franguli

termini epoux-épouse awarmoebs sityva

Ta ojaxebs: épouserqorwineba, gaTxove

ba; épousaillesqorwili; épouséepatarZali;

épouseursaqmro. inglisurSi imave sity

vebisaTvis gvaqvs Semdegi terminebi:

spouse; spouseless; marry; nuptials; married; suitor da sxva. TvalSi sacemi isaa, rom fran

gulSi terminebi erTi fuZisganaa war

moqmnili, xolo inglisurSi ki gansxva

vebuli fuZeebisagan.

35

k. averbuxis azriT, terminologiuri

unifikacia miiRweva sami saxis saqmiano

bis Sedegad: terminografia, romlis Se

degia sxvadasxva terminTa leqsikonebi;

samecniero terminologiis mowesrigeba,

romlis Sedegadac Cndeba egreTwodebu

li terminebis krebulebi da samrewve

loteqnikuri terminologiis standar

tizacia, romlis produqtia mravalri

cxovani terminologiuri standartebi.

Tu ganvixilavT yvela CamoTvlil pro

duqts, terminebis unificirebas gene

tikur aspeqtSi, maSin SeiZleba vamtki

coT, rom yvela dasaxelebuli saxeoba,

arsebiTad, terminografiis produq

tia, an kidev terminebis leqsikonis

saxesxvaobas warmoadgens.

profesiuli komunikaciis ena mudmi

vad miiswrafvis kompaqturobisaken, rac

ekonomiis kanonis WeSmaritebas adas

turebs. kacobriobam xerxebisa da ra

cionaluri meTodebis mTeli arsenali

SeimuSava, romelic saSualebas gvaZle

vs, rom arsebiTad SevamciroT dro da

adgili, rac miRebuli informaciis

miRebasa da aRqmaze ixarjeba. kompresiis

meTodebsa da xerxebs Soris ganixileba

terminebis sintaqsuri SekumSvis meTo

debi (elifsi, abreviacia, simboloebis

xerxebiT Sekveca), specialur teqstebSi

enobriv sistemebTan erTad araenobrivi

nominaciis xerxebis Semoyvana. magali

Tad, qimiur teqstebSi funqcionirebs

formulebi. aRsaniSnavia aseve semanti

kurad datvirTuli grafikuli informa

cia: sqemebi, naxazebi, grafikuli gamo

saxulebebi, romlebic Setyobinebis fi

zikuri ganfenilobis ekonomiur efeqts,

aseve aRqmis ubraloebas da TvalsaCi

noebas uzrunvelyofen.

ekonomiis kanonis moqmedeba samarT

lis enaSi SeiZleba abreviaciis magali

Tebze ganvixiloT. abreviacias umetesad

normatiuli aqtebi da samarTlebrivi

aqtebi ganicdis. magaliTad franguli

Semoklebebia: BLD-Bulletin législatif Dal-lozdalosis sakanonmdeblo biuleteni;

CA-Cour d'appel – saapelacio sasamarTlo;

TI-Tribunal d'instance – pirveli instanciis

sasamarTlo; C. fam.-Code de la famille – saojaxo kodeqsi; JAM-Juge aux affaires matrimo-niales – saojaxo saqmeebis mosamarTle;

NCPC-Nouveau Code de procédure civile – axali

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi. ingli

suri abreviaturebia: ABLE-Advocates for Basic Legal Equality – advokatebi fundamenturi iuridiuli TanasworobisaTvis;

All ER-All England Law Reports – inglisis

samarTlis yvela angariSi; CentCrimCt-Central Criminal Court – sisxlis samarTlis

centraluri sasamarTlo; EWCACiv-Court of Appeal of England and Wales – inglisisa da

uelsis saapelacio sasamarTlo; EWHC (Fam)-High Court of England and Wales Decisions – inglisisa da uelsis umaRlesi sasa

marTlos gadawyvetilebebi; Adv.-advokati; hcoj-high council of justice – saapelacio

sasamarTlo; Civ. Lawsamoqalaqo samar

Tali da sxva. qarTuli Semoklebebidan

SeiZleba davasaxeloT: ssksisxlis sa

marTlis kodeqsi; sssksisxlis samar

Tlis saproceso kodeqsi; sksamoqalaqo

kodeqsi; ssksamoqalaqo saproceso ko

deqsi; mux.muxli; ssmsaqarTvelos sa

kanonmdeblo macne; ssipsajaro samar

Tlis iuridiuli piri da sxva. qarTuli

samarTlis ena arc ise xSirad mimar

Tavs Semoklebebs, rogorc es gvxdeba

inglisur da frangul enebSi.

dRes terminologia intensiurad sxva

dasxva mimarTulebiT viTardeba. terminis

ZiriTadi amocana isaa, rom moaxdinos pro

fesiulsamecniero komunikaciis optimi

zacia. amis Sesabamisad, terminebi zustad

unda asaxavdnen adamianTa gamocdilebisa

da praqtikuli saqmianobis Sedegebs, afiq

36

sirebdnen profesiulsamecniero codnas

terminiT gamoxatuli obieqtebis Tvisebe

bis Sesaxeb da Slidnen maT arsebiT maxa

siaTeblebs. rogorc cnobilia, axali cne

bebi formirdeba enis saSualebebiT ukve

arsebuli cnebebis safuZvelze, xolo

terminologiuri informaciis arsi isaa,

rom erTi obieqti informacias Seicavs

meore obieqtis Sesaxeb.

terminologiuri informacia, rome

lic kodirebulia konkretuli ter

minologiuri elementebis meSveobiT,

invariantuli informaciaa, romelic

gansazRvravs imas, Tu romel termi

nologiur rigs miekuTvneba esa Tu is

termini. zogierTi terminis informa

ciuli datvirTva da pragmatuli mizan

mimarTuleba uSualodaa dakavSirebuli

cnebiTterminologiuri rigebis kla

sifikaciurkategorialur bunebasTan,

romelTa Semadgenel elementebs termi

nebi warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, terminebi

enis yvelaze informaciuli erTeule

bia sityvebisa da Sesityvebebis doneze,

romelTac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli

kognitiurkomunikaciuri mniSvneloba,

romlebic specialuri komunikaciis

Suamavlebad gvevlinebian [volodina.

2000:35]. nebismieri termini unda iqmne

bodes enis specialistebisa da dargis

specialistebis SeTanxmebiT, rac qar

Tul realobaSi xSirad irRveva.

daskvna

daskvnis saxiT aRvniSnavT, rom dRes

termini ganisazRvreba rogorc lite

raturuli enis erTeuli. igi yvela im

Tvisebas flobs, romliTac termins ga

moyofen, rogorc gansakuTrebul si tyvas.

terminologiaSi ar arsebobs terminis

erTgvarovani definicia, iseve ,rogorc

ar arsebobs imaze SeTanxmeba, Tu mety

velebis ra nawilebiT unda iyos war

modgenili termini. Cven kvlevaSi ter

mins ganvixilavT, rogorc specialur

sityvas an Sesityvebas, romelic miRebu

lia profesiul saqmianobaSi da gamoiye

neba gansakuTrebul pirobebSi. is aris

cnebis sityvieri gamoxatuleba, rome

lic profesiuli codnis gansa zRvruli

sferos cnebaTa sistemaSi Sedis. ter

mini flobs mTeli rig maxasiaTeblebs,

romelTa safuZvelze SeiZleba agebul

iqnas misi definicia. ZiriTadi Tvisebaa

specialuri cnebis aRniSvna. danarCeni

Tvisebebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos arasa

valdebulod. ra Tqma unda, termins aqvs

teqsturi buneba. vinaidan termini teqs

tis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs, is mudam

konteqstzea damokidebuli.

termini erTerTi mTavari elementia

profesiul komunikaciaSi. termini spe

cialur enaSi gamoiyeneba. specialu

ri ena profesiuli enaa, romelic ar

gansxvavdeba sasaubro da zogadi leq

sikisagan gramatikuli da sintaqsuri

kanonzomierebiT, mxolod specialuri

leqsikuri maragiT, romelic praqtikul

moTxovnebs pasuxobs.

literatura

1. Авербух К. Я. (2004): Общая теория терми-на, Иваново: Изд-во Иван. гос. ун-та

2. Barthes R. (1973): Le Plaisir du texte, Paris. Éditions du Seuil

3. Винокур Г. О. (1939): О некоторых явлени-ях словообразования в русской технической тер-минологии. М.: Тр. МИИФЛ

4. Code Civil Français. (2015): http://droit-finan-

37

ces.commentcamarche.net/download/tele charger-198-code-civil-2015-pdf-en-ligne, 14.05.2017

5. Code Civil Géorgien, (1997). http://tcc.gov.ge/uploads/kanonebi/samoqalaqo_kodeqsi.pdf, 5.06.2017.

6. Every Family Matters, A Policy Report by the Family Law Review Chaired by David Hodson SECOND EDITION, Reprinted August 2010, http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/core/wpcontent/uploads/2016/08/CSJEveryFamilyMattersWEB.pdf, 20.04.2017.

7. Капанадзе Л. А. (1966): Взаимодействие терминологической лексики с общелитератур-ной: (на материале русского языка): Автореф. дис. ...канд. филол. наук. М.

8. Language in the Legal Process (2002): Language in the Legal Process / Ed. By J. Cotterill. N. Y.: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd

9. Моисеев А. И. (1970):. О языковой природе термина / терминологии. М.

10. Реформатский А. А. (1959): Что такое тер-мин и терминология / М.: Русский язык

11. Суперанская А. В., Подольская Н. В., Ва-сильева Н. В. (2003): Общая терминология. Во-просы теории. М.: Едиториал УРСС

Юридический термин и профессио-нальная коммуникация

Рухиашвили Лия ГеоргиевнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 577 306 306E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеТермин-это лексическая единица определен-

ного языка, который используется для специ-альных целей. Он обозначает конкретное или аб-страктное, теоретическое понятие определенной специальной сферы знания или действия. Термин – сложное явление. Термин это слово или слово-сочетание, которое выражает специальное поня-тие. Терминология же относится к специально-му языку. Основная задача специального языка – использование слов для дефиниции предметов и явлений. Нужно отметить, что эти дефиниции должны быть точными и экономными. Объектом нашего исследования является анализ терминов семейного права в грузинском, английском и французском языках, для того, чтобы установить сходство и различие между ними, а также спосо-бы, которые формируют эти термины в вышеу-помянутых языках.

Ключевые слова: термин, специальный язык, семейное право,

профессиональная коммуникация, процесс ин-тернацонализации.

Legal Terms and Professional Communication

Lia RukhiashviliTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:577 306 306E-mail: [email protected]

38

Abstract Term is a lexical unit of a definite language,

which is used for special purposes. It means con-crete or abstract, a concept of knowledge or action of a definite special theory field. Term is a difficult phenomenon. Term is a word or syntagma, which expresses special concept. As for terminology, it be-longs to a special language. The basic issue of the special language is to use words for subjects and events definition. We must mention that these defini-tions should be exact and economical. The object of

our research is Family Law terms in Georgian, Eng-lish and French languages, in order to ascertain what are the similarities and differences among them, also the methods by what are the terms formed in above-mentioned languages.

Keywords: Term, special language, family law, professional

communication, the process of internationalization.

39

magiuri elementebi qorwilis scenarSi

fiqria WuluxaZe

saqarTvelos universiteti

evropuli enebisa da filologiis

departamenti

kostavas q. #77a, 0171, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel. 593 288 661E-mail: [email protected]

reziumeqorwilis rituali gvainteresebs im

denad, ramdenadac masSi aisaxeba konkre

tuli eris samyaros xati anu mza, dro

sa da sivrceSi dadgenili Rirebule

baTa sistema. statiaSi saubaria jvris,

xaris, xis da wylis kultze. movlenaTa

amgvari detalebis gacnobiT adamiani

ecnoba konkretuli eris msoflaRqmasa

da msoflgancdas da, amdenad, amgvar

ele mentebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba

mniSvnelovani da sasargebloa.

statiis mizania qarTul saqorwino

tradiciebSi arsebul samyaros xatSi

magiuri elementebis mimoxilva, Tvalis

Sevleba qarTveli xalxis am ritualTan

dakavSirebul msoflaRqmisa da msofl

gancdisTvis.

sakvanZo sityvebi: samyaros enobrivi xati, samyaros kon

ceptualuri xati, qorwinebis scenari.

Sesavaliqorwili rogorc rituali moicavs

socialuri stereotipebis da kognitu

ri sqemebis sistemas. xdeba kultura

Si fiqsirebuli gamocdilebis xatTa

sistemis aTviseba.

Tu samyaro aris xati, suraTi, ma

Sin adamianis pozicia aris msoflmxed

veloba. samyaros konceptualuri xati

ufro mravlismomcvelia, vidre samyaros

enobrivi xati.

samyaros konceptualuri satis safuZ

vels warmoadgens enobrivi, eqstra

lingvisturi da zogadi fonuri codna.

ZiriTadi nawiliqorwilis ritualSi aisaxeba eTni

kurad determinirebuli adamianis cno

biereba, aisaxeba samyaros xati. sxvada

sxva enisa da kulturis matarebeli

erebi sxvada sxvagvarad anawevreben az

rovnebis uformo masas. kategoriaTa

gamoxatvis konkretuli saSualebebi Sei

Zleba gan sxvavdebodnen im kulturebSic

ki, ro melTaTvisac es kategoriebi uni

versaluria. radgan samyaros aRqmasa da

Seme cnebas safuZvlad udevs konkretuli

erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sagnobrivi

mniSvnelobis, socialuri stereotipebi

sa da kognituri sqemebis sistema, adamia

nis cnobiereba eTnikuradaa determini

rebuli. eTnikuri Tavisebureba ganapiro

bebs azris Camoyalibebisa da formuli

rebis saSualebebis specifikasac. erTa

diferencialuri fsiqologia ,,lagdeba’’

samyaros diferencialur xatebSi.

am sistemis aTvisebis procesSi eri

iTvisebs enaSi ganzogadebul da kul

turaSi fiqsirebul gamocdilebas, sxva

sityvebiT, xdeba ukve mza, drosa da

sivrceSi dadgenil RirebulebaTa siste

mis _ ,,xatTa sistemis’’ aTviseba.

samyaros models adamiani gamosaxavs

da acnobierebs rogorc xats _ samyaro

gardaisaxeba xatad. samyaros xatTa ra

odenoba emTxveva samyaroSi arsebuli

40

erebis, enebisa da kulturebis raodeno

bas. samyaros xatTa raodenoba emTxveva

im samyaroTa raodenobas, romelSic ar

sebobs eri.

warmoadgens ra im aRqmis safuZvels,

romelsac adamiani eyrdnoba samyaroSi

orientirebisas da aris ra istoriulad

ganpirobebuli, sxva sityvebiT, guli

sxmobs samyaros xatisa da mis subieqt

Ta mudmiv cvlilebas, ,,samyaros xati’’

srulad ganapirobebs movlenaTa aRqmisa

da interpretaciis Taviseburebas. aRni

Snul debulebaTa ganzogadebis Sedegad

ikveTeba Semdegi daskvna: samyaros xati

dan momdinareobs Rirebulebebi, ierar

qiisa da saazrovno paradigmaTa tipebi,

adamianis qmedebaTa arbitraluroba.

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis stadiaTa

cvla, Cveulebriv, iwvevs samyaros xatis

transformaciis _ samyaros fenomenis

axsnis axal etalonTa damkvidrebas. axa

li msoflmxedveloba ayalibebs axali

tipis msoflaRqmasa da msoflgancdas,

rac, saboloo jamSi, xdeba samyaros axa

li xatis Seqmnis sakmarisi piroba.

m. haidegrisaTvis samyaros xatis Camo

yalibebis problema uSualo kavSirSia

msoflmxedvelobasTan, ramdenadac, Tu

samyaro gardaiqmneba xatad, suraTad,

maSin adamianis pozicia ganixileba ro

gorc msoflmxedveloba.

samyaros xati warmoadgens samyaros

fuZemdeblur, globalur xats, romelsac

efuZneba adamianis msoflmxedveloba.

samyaros xatis meSveobiT xorcieldeba

adamianis _ samyaros xatis matareblis

_ cnobierebaSi samyaros arsebiT Tvise

baTa reprezentacia.

uzogadesi saxiT, samyaros modeli

ganisazRvreba rogorc samyaros Sesaxeb

konkretuli tradiciis farglebSi arse

bul warmodgenaTa jamis SekumSuli da

gamartivebuli anarekli.

samyaros xedvis erovnul safuZvels

warmoadgens:

1. stereotipebi, romelic saerToa

konkretuli enis matarebelTaTvis da

gansazRvravs konkretuli enis matare

belTa mier obieqturi sinamdvilis seg

mentaciis stilis identurobas.

2. saganTa da movlenaTa is Tvise

bebi, romelic, pirvel rigSi, aRiqmeba

konkretuli enis matarebelTa mier da

warmoadgens konkretul saganTa da mov

lenaTa saxeldebis safuZvels.

mecnierTa umravlesoba akavSirebs

samyaros enobriv xats konceptualur

xatTan. es ukanaskneli pirvelze bevrad

,,mdidaria’’ _ igi asocirdeba enisa da

azrovnebis, enisa da sinamdvilis, in

ferentulisa da idiomaturis mimarTe

baTa sakiTxTan, adamianis mier sinamd

vilis asaxvis, samyaros interpretaciis

rTul procesSi.

samyaros konceptualuri xati moicavs

,,emociur_SefasebiT’’, motivaciur da

cnobierebis sxva aspeqtebs da Sedgeba

konceptebisagan.

ganixilavs ra adamianis codnis pro

blemas samyaros Sesaxeb, j. lakofi yur

adRebas amaxvilebs im sakiTxze, Tu ro

gor gaiazrebs adamiani samyaros, sxva

sityvebiT, rogor gardatydeba realoba

adamianis cnobierebis, azrovnebisa da

aRqmis meSveobiT.

zogi lingvisti Tvlis, rom samyaros

konceptualuri xatis safuZvels war

moadgens codnis baza, romelic Sedgeba

Semdegi komponentebisagan:

1. enobrivi codna;

2. eqstralingvisturi codna;

3. zogadi fonuri codna.

codnis aRniSnuli saxeoba _ erTiano

ba, adamianis cnobierebis yvela aspeqtis

integrireba jamSi qmnis samyaros koncep

tualur suraTs, romelic erTdroulad

41

pirovnul_individualuricaa da sazoga

doebriv_socialuric.

qorwinebis scenari Sedgeba iseTi

kvanZebisagan, rogoricaa:

1. ,,arsi’’ _ ori adamianis kavSiri

ojaxis Seqmnis mizniT;

2. ,,sababi’’ _ siyvaruli, angareba;

3. ,,aqsiologia’’ _ Tvalsazrisi, ide

alebi, Sexedulebebi, principebi;

4. ,,rituali’’ _ qorwili;

5. ,,toposi’’ _ adgili;

6. ,,qronosi’’ _ dro.

scenarSi integrirebulia azrTa, mo

qmedebaTa da grZnobaTa mkveTrad an na

klebad mkveTrad gansazRvruli yvela

wesi. es wesebi arseboben damoukideblad,

obieqturad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniS

nuli wesebisadmi ,,morCileba’’ badebs

garkveuli socialuri iZulebis arsebo

bis SegrZnebas scenarSi.

,,qorwinebis’’ scenarisaTvis relevan

turi aRmoCnda:

1. substanciuri wesebi _ qcevis we

sebis aRmwerebi’;

2. fonuri daSvebebis saxiT arsebuli

ceremonialuri wesebi.

scenaris WeSmariteba arastabiluria

drosa da sivrceSi: sxvadasxva drosa da

sivrceSi WeSmariteba erTaderTobaze

pretenzias kargavs _ WeSmariteba xdeba

imdenive, ramdeni praqtikuli situaciac

arsebobs: TiToeuli WeSmaritia mxolod

konkretuli droisa da sivrcis farg

lebSi.

qarTul saqorwino ceremonialSi di

di adgili uWiravs magiis elementebs,

mravladaa nayofiereba_baraqianobasTan

dakavSirebuli ritualebi. maTi umrav

lesoba warmarTuli droidan momdi

nareobs da mcenareTa, cxovelTa, fri

nvelTa da astraluri kulturebisadmi

Tayvaniscemas ganasaxierebs. eklesiam

bevri ram aiTvisa am periodidan. aseTia,

magaliTad, jvrisweris dros gamoyene

buli jvari, aseve qarTuli oTxtotiani

gvirgvini da nefe_dedoflis kurTxeva

,,wminda xis wvenis’’ _ Rvinis saSualebiT.

v. bardaveliZem Seiswavla qarTuli

CiCilaki da gvergvi da paraleli gaavlo

qarTul gvirgvinTan. man daadgina, rom

qarTl_kaxuri gvirgvini mzis emblemas

warmoadgens, radgan Tavisi garegnuli

formiT mzis garegnul gamosaxulebas

asaxavs. misi nefe_dedoflis Tavze da

xurva jvrisweris dros ki momdinareobs

SexebiTi magiidan da gamoxatavs sur

vils, rom astraluri RvTaebis Tviseba

_ Sviliereba da nayofiereba TviT nefe_

dedofalze gadmovides.

j. sonRulaSvili gvirgvins vazis

kults ukavSirebs. amas is faqti esa

fuZvleba, rom vazs da misi nayofisa

gan damzadebul sasmels didi adgili

ekava qarTvelTa saqorwino ritualSi.

samegreloSi, magaliTad, dasturdeba

maranSi qorwinebis faqtebi, kaxeTSi pa

tarZals maranSi Seiyvandnen da qvevris

Tavis moxdis ritualis dasawyiss an

dobdnen, Semdeg ki am RviniT locavdnen

nefe_patarZals.

im faqts, rom foCebiani gvirgvini

qristianuli eklesiis mier SemoRebuli

ritualia, isic adasturebs, rom saqarT

velos mTian raionebSi aseTi gvirgvinis

gamoyeneba ar dasturdeba. warmarTobi

dan unda momdinareobdes gvirgvinTan da

kavSirebuli detali _ jvari, romelic

mimagrebulia mxolod mamakacis gvir

gvinze da, savaraudod, xaris kultidan

momdinareobs.

jvris magiur_apoTropul mniSvnelo

baze miuTiTebs aseve nefe_patarZlis

saxlSi Sesvlis win gadajvaredinebu

li xmlebis qveS gatareba; faris Tavze

dakruli comisagan gakeTebuli jvari;

jvris garSemo jvris puriT Semovla;

nefisa da patarZlisaTvis TiTo totis

jvaredinad erT xelSi daWera mdades

42

mier da ,,jvari wina da jvari ukana’’ sim

Reris Tqma. aseve gvirgvinis moxda gada

jvaredinebuli xanjlis wverebiT. sayu

radReboa aseve termini mejvare, romlis

movaleobaa nefe_patarZlisaTvis gvir

gvinebis dadgma da moxda da romelic

xdeba ojaxis naTesavi da pativsacemi

pirovneba.

mamakacis gvirgvinSi jvris xaris

kultTan kavSirs is faqtic adasturebs,

rom saqorwino ritualSi wesad iyo da

saklavad momzadebuli xaris garSemo

nefis cekva, mis mier xarze danis jva

redinad dasma da nefisTvis qorwilze

moxarSuli xaris beWis mirTmeva.

mas Semdeg ki, rac mcenareuli da

cxoveluri kultebi Seicvala astra

luri religiisTvis damaxasiaTebel mna

TobTa TayvaniscemiT, saqorwino gvir

gvinma mzisa da mTvaris funqciebi SeiZina

da mnaTobTa maradiuli SeuRlebis sim

bolizacia gamoxata.

erwo_TianeTsa da qarTlSi qorwi

lisTvis acxobdnen jvris purebs. maT

Citebis gamosaxulebebiT da sxvadasxva

xiliT amkobdnen. jvris puris mcxobele

bi purs mihyiddnen mejvares qorwilis

dawyebisas da igi mis sakuTrebas war

moadgenda.

es tradicia arsebobda mTiuleTSic,

jvris puri dasturdeba fSavSic, ro

melic mejvares uWiravs qalis wamo

yvanisa da misi vaJis ojaxSi moyvanisas.

xevsureTSi diasaxlisi awyobda mZive

biT jvaredinad morTul an jvris for

mis saWreliT daWrelebul sam mosa

nTos, romelSic sanTeli inTeboda da

dekanozi amwyalobebda.

jvris niSniT aRbeWdili mrgvali

kverebi mzis kultTan erTad didi Rmer

Tis kultSia gadasuli da mzisa da

xaris kultis Serwymis Sedegadaa miRe

buli. mesame dRes nefe_patarZlisagan

am kveris mirTmeva warmoadgens Teo

logiis gamomxatveli moqmedebis gad

monaSTs, rac gulisxmobda, rom mzis

cxovelmyofeli Zala da nayofierebis

Tviseba nefe_dedofalze gadmodioda.

amgvari kveris mejvarisaTvis mirTmeva,

religiis ganviTarebis Semdgom safexu

rebze, sruldeba didi RmerTis gulis

mogebis mizniT, rom man uzrunvelyos ax

lad SeuRlebulTa keTildReoba.

sainteresoa aseve nefis kverisa da

jvris puris kompleqtSi moqmedi san

TlebiT gaCiraRdnebuli, vaSlebiT mor

Tuli xis jvari. igi Tavisi garegnobiT

da SinaarsiT axlos dgas saaxalwlo

CiCilakTan da saqorwino ritualSi mo

qmed CxasTan_maSxalasTan. amitom is si

cocxlis xes asaxavs da saqarTveloSi

didad gavrcelebul xis kults ukav

Sirdeba.

mniSvnelovania aseve wylis faqtori

saqorwino ritualebSi. wyals, zoga

dad, gamanayofierebeli Zala miewereba.

folklorSi ,,wyalSi gayvana’’ qorwilis

simboloa. amgvarad xdeboda qalis zia

reba qmris ojaxis meurneobasTan.

xevsureTSi patarZali sami dRis Sem

deg marto unda wasuliyo wyalze. Tu

wyals ver ipovida, masze sayvedurs

ityodnen. saxlSi SesvlisTanave rZali

Tuluxs gahkravda, Seamowmebda, iyo Tu

ara wyali.

TuSeTSi wylis motanis Semdeg patar

Zali Tavisuflad saqmianobda ojaxSi.

fSavSi da erwoSi sruldeboda wesi

,,wyalSi goreba’’, rodesac patarZals

wyalSi agdebdnen. mzis gadaxris Jams

patarZals xels mohkidebda mdade an

soflis rZali, Seiyvanda mdinareSi da

saTanado locvas warmosTqvamda. Semdeg

samjer Semoatarebda da wyalSi awvenda.

wylidan amosul patarZals ekrZaleboda

piri xatisken miebrunebina, arc tansac

mlis gawurvis ufleba hqonda, arc cecx

lTan misvlis, svels unda daeZina.

43

wyals nayofierebasTan erTad siwmin

dis mimniWebeli Zalac hqonda. magali

Tad, fereidnel qarTvelebSi gavrcele

buli iyo Cveuleba patarZlis abanoSi

wayvanisa, radgan ganubaneli qali wmin

da sagnebs ver miekareboda da purs ver

mozelda, fqvils ver gacrida, saxls

ver daalagebda.

daskvnaqarTuli qorwilis scenaris magiuri

elementebi ukavSirdeba wylis, jvris,

xarisa da xis kultebs. maTi umeteso

ba warmarTUli droidan momdinareobs,

Tumca arc qristianoba gaTiSvia mTli

anad warmatebul kultebs. saeklesio

qorwinebis ritualSi gamoiyeneba jvari,

aseve qarTuli oTxtotiani gvirgvini da

mravali niuansi, rac manamdec arsebobda

qarTul saqorwino ceremonialSi.

literatura

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2. Xайдегер V.(1985): Время картины мира-V.,227-228

3. Middlebrook Pearl H.(1950): Building a World View. New York:Silver Burdett

4. Jones W.T. (1972): World views: their nature and their function

5. Kearney M. (1975): World view theory and study

6. Humboldt W. (1988) on language: the diver-sity of human language-structure and its influence on mental development of mankind. Cambridge, UK

7. Humboldt W. (1985) Language and cultural philosophy

8. Jackendoff R. (1992): What is a concept? Frames, fields, and contrasts

9. Tomasello Z. (2006): Language, mind and cul-ture, Oxford University Press

10. Fauconnier G. (1994): Mental spaces. As-pects of meaning construction in natural language.

11. Toulmin S. (1972): Human understanding. Princeton, Princeton University Press

12. Evans V. (2013): Language and time. A cog-nitive linguistics Approach

13. iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis, ar

qeologiisa da eTnografiis instituti

(1979): masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografi

isaTvis, „mecniereba“

14. meliqiSvili l. (1986): tradiciuli

saqorwilo wesCveulebis struqturis

analizi da inovacia. „mecniereba“

The Magical Elements in Wedding Scenario

Pikria ChulukhadzeThe University of GeorgiaSchool of Humanities77a Kostava st., 0171, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel: 593 288 661E-mail: [email protected]

ResumeWe are concerned with a wedding ritual as far

as it reflects the world view of a given nation or the system of values set in time and space. This time our goal was to capture the magic elements in this system of values. The article deals with the cults of the cross, ox, tree and water. By getting to know the details like these one gets to know the world view of a given nation. Therefore, paying attention to these elements is important and useful..

Keywords:Lexical world view, conceptual world view, wed-

ding scenario.

44

Магические элементы в свадебном сценарии

Чулухадзе Пикрия РевазовнаУниверситет ГрузииШкола гуманитарных наукул.Костава №77а, 0171, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 593 288 661E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеСвадебный ритуал интересен настолько, на-

сколько в нем производится картина мира кон-кретной нации, или готовая, в пространстве и

во времени установленная система ценностей. В статье речь идет о культовых элементах как крест, вода, дерево и бык. С познанием таких деталей человек знакомится с мировосприятием конкретной нации и поэтому, следует обратить внимание на такие элеименты, это значительно и полезно.

Целью статьи является рассмотрение маги-ческих элементов в картине мира грузинских свадебных традиций, а также обзор восприятия мира грузинским народом, которое связано со свадебным ритуалом.

Ключевые слова: языковая картина мира, концептуальная кар-

тина мира, свадебный сценарий.

45

stilisturad markirebuli sintaqsis

sakiTxisaTvis germanul enaSi

marine jaSi

ilias saxelmwifo universiteti

mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis fakulteti

i.WavWavaZis gamz. #32, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 599 552 195


reziume

aRniSnul statiaSi ganxilulia sin

taqsuri movlenebi stilisturi Tval

Taxedvidan. warmodgenilia sintaqsur

kavSirTa saSualebebi, asindetoni, po

lisindetoni, sityvaTwyoba, romlisTvi

sac niSandoblivia oTxi ZiriTadi ka

nonzomiereba, winadadebis zogierTi

modeli, rogoricaa erTwevriani da

elifsuri winadadebebi. es is movlene

bia, romlebsac gaaCniaT stilisturi

Rirebuleba, rogorc yofiT (sasaubro)

metyvelebaSi, aseve mxatvrul litera

turaSi. sintaqsSi gvxvdeba mravalric

xovani sidideebi absoluturi stilis

turi mniSvnelobiT. winadadebis age

bulebis sqema variantebis ufro didi

da mdidari arCevanis SesaZleblobas

gvTavazobs, vidre sityvaTa jgufi, ro

melic, Tavis mxriv, ufro cvalebadia,

vidre sityvis forma. rac ufro meti va

riantia dasaSvebi, miT ufro Tavisuf

lad iyenebs maT stilistika. stilistu

ri sxvaobebi ufro mkveTrad iCens Tavs

sintaqsSi, vidre morfologiaSi.

.

sakvanZo sityvebi: stilisturi Rirebuleba, sityvaT

wyoba, asindetoni, polisindetoni, ganker

Zoeba, parcelacia, elifsi.

Sesavalirogorc cnobilia, lingvostilisti

ka ikvlevs enis gamoyenebis xerxs gamo

xatvis yvela funqcionalur sistemaSi,

paradigmatul aspeqtSi, aseve sintagma

tur aspeqtSi, werilobiTi da zepiri

teqstis yvela SesaZlo tipSi. mikros

tilistika Seiswavlis enis ZiriTadi

erTeulebis stilistur daxasiaTebas,

aseve sxvadasxva stilistur figuras da

maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebs mcire

an gafarToebul konteqstSi. mikrosti

listikis amocanaa enobrivi erTeule

bis stilisturi Rirebulebis dadgena

da sistematizacia. mikrostilistikad

iTvleba lingvistikis stilisturi as

peqti, lingvostilisturi disciplinebi,

rogoricaa stilisturi leqsikologia

da frazeologia, stilisturi morfo

logia da sintaqsi, stilisturi sity

vawarmoeba da fonostilistika. aqedan

gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs stilis

turi sintaqsi. sintaqsuri movlenebis

stilistur Rirebulebebs ar gaaCniaT

gansakuTrebuli stilisturi figure

bis mniSvneloba. sintaqsSi, iseve ro

gorc morfologiaSi, nebismieri sidide

SeiZleba iqces stilistur saSualebad.

analizis obieqtad virCevT sintaqsur

kavSirTa saSualebebs, sityvaTwyobas

da winadadebis zogierT models, rad

gan, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, sti

listuri sxvaobebi ufro gamokveTilad

iCens Tavs sintaqsSi, vidre morfolo

giaSi.

ZiriTadi nawilisityvaTwyobis stilisturi funqcie-

bi. sityvaTwyobas ramdenime funqcia

gaaCnia:

46

1) struqturis Semqmneli an gramati

kuli, winadadebis tipebis an sityvaTa

jgufebis agebisas, 2) komunikaciuri

Temarematuli danawevrebisas da

3) stilisturi, romelic axdens wi

nadadebis calkeuli wevris eqspre

siul gamoyofas, rac iwvevs garkveul

sti listur efeqts. sityvaTwyoba eqvem

debareba garkveul kanonzomierebebs

Tavisi stilisturi potencialis Ses

rulebisas. informaciuli elementebis

ganlageba ganisazRvreba Setyobinebis

(informaciis) RirebulebiT. Setyobine

bis amosavali wertilia Tema, bazisi,

Cveulebriv, winadadebis subieqtis for

miT. danarCeni elementebi ganlagebulia

maTi sakomunikacio mniSvnelobis mixed

viT. germanul enas aqvs winadadebis age

bulebis gansakuTrebuli varianti esiT,

raTa boloSi gadaiwios remasubieqtma.

am nawilaks uwodeben „adgilis Sema

vsebels“ (Füllstück. Platzhalter)[rizeli/Sendelsi. 141]. Tumca Tavisi arsiT mas ufro Seesabameba saxeli „preludirebuli es“ (präludierendes es) [Duden-Grammatik],radgan es nawilaki dgas moTxrobis dasawyisSi, romelsac mosdevs mkrTali semantikis mqone zmnebi, romlebic amzadeben rema-subieqtis gamoCenas, mag.: es war…, es lebte…, es zogen…. meore stilisturi kanonzomiereba mdgomareobs winadadebidan gamotanis monacvleobaSi. Cveulebriv „frCxilebs“ gareT gamoitaneba sityvaTa jgufi da ara calkeuli sityvebi. „frCxilebSi“ moqceuli nawili Sinaarsobrivad da formalurad sakmaod dasrulebulia gareT gamotanili nawilebis gareSec, mag.:Mehrere Männer stürzen vor, die Fäuste ge-ballt (H. Mann).

rac Seexeba gankerZoebas, is warmoadgens ufro farTo cnebas, vidre wina

dadebidan gamotana; mas adgili aqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca CarCo-konstruqcia

ara gvaqvs. winadadebis gankerZoebuli nawilebi struqturulad da intonaciurad gamoiyofa danarCeni winadadebisa

gan, maT SeuZliaT daikavon winare, Suale

duri an bolo adgili, mag.: Alle Männer, von Gang und Tisch gesprungen, stehen, starr die Augen zur Tür (A. Zweig). Das Holz, sagte er, ich muss ja das Holz haben. Für uns. Für mor-gen. (Borchert) .winadadebis amgvar dayofas uwodeben izolacias (parcelacias an absolutur gankerZoebas). parcelacia aris sintaqsuri movlena, romelic gamoirCeva produqtiulobiT mxatvruli literatu

ris enaSi (rogorc avtoris, aseve personaJTa enaSi), aseve sasaubro (yofiT) metyvelebaSi. parcelaciis arsi mdgo

mareobs ufro msxvili sintaqsuri erTeu

lis danawevrebaSi minimum or erTeulad, romelTagan pirveli warmoadgens srul winadadebas (Cveulebriv martivs), xolo meore aris winadadebis wevri, gamoxatuli sityviT, sityvaSeTanxmebiT, sityvaTa rigiT an damokidebuli winadadebiT, mag.: Er war aber jetzt zu müde, um nachzudenken. Erleichtert und müde. Als hätte er wunder was vollbracht (A.Seghers).

parcelacia warmoiSva sasaubro me

tyvelebis bunebrivi gaSlis mibaZvis

Sedegad, romelic TandaTan viTardeba

azris msvlelobisas [rizeli. 280]. eno

brivi faqtebi imaze mowmobs, rom par

celacia germanul enaSi gansakuTrebiT

gavrcelebuli inovaciaa, Tumca arc

ise kargad Seswavlili. lingvistur li

teraturaSi arsebobs miTiTebebi msgavsi struqturebis produqtiulobis droisa da maTi funqcionirebis sferos Sesaxeb, kerZod es aris I-li msoflio omis periodi da presis ena [guliga/rozeni: 119]. amasTan aRsaniSnavia is, rom, rogorc winadadebis CarCodan winadadebis wevris gamotana, aseve gankerZoeba, ar warmoadgens axal movlenas parcelaciisagan gan

47

sxvavebiT, romelic aris produqtiuli sintaqsuri inovacia [rizeli: 181]. amgvar movlenebs vxvdebiT stilis yvela saxeobaSi. misi wyaroa yoveldRiuri (yofiTi) stili, romelic zepir metyvele

bazea orientirebuli. arsebobs e.w. nomina luri gamoyofa, roca adieq tiuri gansazRvreba arsebiTi saxelis wina poziciidan gadainacvlebs ukana poziciaze, mag.: Ein herrlicher wunderbarer Regen, kalt, klar, stürzte aus dem schwarzen Himmel (B.Kellermann).misi stilisturi efeqti exeba mesame kanonzomierebas, romelic warmoadgens normatiuli sityvaTwyobi

dan gadaxve vas prozaSi da poeziaSi, mag.: Röslein rot (Goethe). Und was bekam des Sol-daten Weib? (B. Brecht). roca subieqti Cndeba ara pirvel an mesame adgilze, aramed meoTxeze an ufro gvian. wesis amgvari darRveva iwvevs Zlier stilistur efeqts, mag.: Da fielen auf deine Hände Blumen (H. Mann). meoTxe kanonzomiereba mdgomareobs erTi da igive sityvaTwyobis polifunqciur xasiaTSi. uRlebadi nawilis sawyis pozicias TxrobiT winadadebaSi aqvs sxvadasxva stilisturi Rirebule

ba, mag.: 1) yofiT (sasaubro) metyvele

baSi: -Bist du Wronski? – Bin ich (A.Seghers), 2) xalxur zRaprebsa da xalxur simRerebSi: Sah’ ein Knab’ ein Röslein stehn (Goethe), 3)sakomercio korespondenciaSi: Habe Ihren werten Brief erhalten, 4) mxatvrul prozaSi: Und Schnee hing im Astwerk...Klebte an blauschwarzen Stämmen ( W. Borchert).

stilisturad Seferil sityvaTwyobas ganekuTvneba iseTi movlenebi, rogoricaa prolefsi, danarTi da parenTeza (Prolepse, Nachtrag, Parenthese). ganvixiloT samive maTgani. prolefsi mdgomareobs sawyis poziciaSi mdgomi gankerZoebuli arse

biTi saxelis aRdgenaSi nacvalsa xeliT an zmnizediT, rac aniWebs metyvelebas bunebriobas, emociur Seferilobas,

garkveul ritms, magaliTad: Die Großmut-ter, sie wußte so viele Märchen zu erzählen! Die Nacht, das ist für dich die Ewigkeit (Kuba). prolefsis sapirispiro movlenaa e.w. danarTi (Nachtrag), romlis qveS igulisx

meba arsebiTi saxelis an sityvaTa jgu

fis gankerZoeba bolo poziciaSi, maSin, roca nacvalsaxeli an zmnizeda win uswrebs arsebiT saxels. es movlena xSi rad Tavs iCens poeziaSi, mag.: Oh, dass sie ewig grünen bliebe, die schöne Zeit der jungen Liebe! es wi nadadeba Sileris leqsidan aris. prolefsi da danarTi warmoadgens sintaqsuri Sesustebis gamovlenis formebs, romlebic aadvileben winadadebis wyobas, radganac isini mas patara segmentebad anawevreben da amave dros wina planze wamosweven gankerZoebul nawilebs. parenTeza (CarTva) warmoadgens CarTul winadadebebs, CarTul sityvaTa jgufebs an sityvebs, romlebic CairTveba winadadebis SuaSi, winadadebis danarCen nawilebTan formaluri damakavSirebeli elemen te

bis gareSe. isini gamijnulia rogorc intonaciurad, aseve grafikuladac, magaliTad: Die stolze Amalie, es war unglaublich, glaubte auch das Unglaubhafteste (D. Noll) . Er saß mit einer gewissen Ungeniertheit (was dem General mißfiel) im Sessel, frei und selbstgefällig (B. Kellermann).

aseve stilisturad markirebulia sintaqsuri dakavSirebis saxeebi mxatvrul teqstSi: asindetoni da polisindetoni. asindetoni warmoadgens ramdenime sityvis da winadadebis mierTebas, romlis drosac igrZnoba Sinagani aCqareba, rac uars aTqmevinebs molaparakes SemaerTe

bel elementebze, magaliTad: Gerüste tauchen in die Flut, schwimmen, Stricke, Säcke verbinden sich, Taue gleiten ins Wasser, strecken sich, ziehen, heben (L. Feuchtwanger). Sei des Vaterlands Posaune, Sei Kano-ne und Kartaune, Blase, schmettre, donnre, töte! (H. Heine).

48

polisindetonis qveS ki igulisxmeba kavSirebis (Cveulebriv erTi da igive kavSiris) mravaljeradi gamoyeneba. polisindeturi jaWvi maSin gamoiyeneba, roca aRwerilia procesebis, qmedebebis mudmivi ganmeorebadoba an roca mTxro

beli mSvidad misdevs movlenebis msvle

lobas. igi xSirad gamoiyeneba zRaprebSi, arqauli tipis teqstebSi, poeziaSi. magaliTad:

Und es wallet und siedet und brauset und zischt (Fr. Schiller ) -------------------------------------------- Vorbei sind die Kinderspiele,Und alles rollt vorbeiDas Geld und die Welt und die ZeitenUnd Glauben und Lieb, und Treu (H. Heine)dakavSirebis orive saSualeba exe

ba rogorc Tanwyobas, aseve qvewyobas. aseve stilisturi TvalTaxedvidan sainteresoa erTwevriani nominaciuri wina-dadebebi. isini asaxaven situaciur suraTebs da iwveven TiTqmis vizualur STabeWdilebebs, mag.: Korridore, Laborato-rien, ein kleiner Raum, nur schwach erleuchtet (D. Noll). aq zmnebi namdvilad zedmetia. es egzistencialuri winadadebebia, rom-lebic tipuria Teatraluri speqtaklis an kinoscenaris scenuri instruqciebi-saTvis. suraTi: Sandros Wohnung. Innen. Nachmittag. Eine sehr kleine Wohnung. Viele Bücher (miqelanjelo antonionis kinoscenaridan). amgvari winadadebebi dauSvebelia samecniero da saqmian stilSi.

rac Seexeba elifsur winadadebebs, isini yvela stilisturad markirebulia. elifsuri winadadebis ramdenime tipi damaxasiaTebelia yofiTi (sayoveldReo) metyvelebisaTvis, zogierTi maTgani gvxvde ba mxatvrul literaturasa da publicistikaSi, ori funqciuri stili ki iSviaTad mimarTavs elifsebs: mecnierebisa da oficialuri komunikaciis stili.

elifsuri winadadeba iqmneba sruli winadadebis modelis nebismieri Semoklebis Sedegad. is yovelTvis aris sinsemanturi da gasagebi xdeba mxolod sxva winadadebasTan an situaciasTan mimarTebaSi. mxolod tonaloba da pauzebi ayalibeben metyvelebis am fragmentebs winadadebad. sasaubro stilis iseTi Taviseburebebi, rogoricaa bunebrioba, situaciasTan kavSiri, partniorTan mimarTeba, emociuroba, xelsayrels xdis maT elifsisaTvis. sasaubro stilSi SeiZleba akldes: subieqti-Hab schon gehört; Semasmeneli- Jeden Tag ein Streit; Semasmenlis nawili- In Leipzig gekauft; winadadebis orive mTavari wevri- Einen Stuhl, bitte! kiTxva-pasuxis reJimSi elifsi aris bunebrivi movlena: Was ist dein Fach?- Schlosser, Ihr Name?- Schulz. situaciam SeiZleba daasrulos elifsi, magaliTad: rkinigzis sadguris bileTebis sala

rosTan: Drei zweiter Leipzig (Drei Fahrkarten zweiter Klasse für einen Zug nach Leipzig). publicistikaSic xSirad vxvdebiT elifsur winadadebebs, mag.: restornis reklamaSi: Paradieshof-das Haus der guten Laune. Gutes aus Küche und Keller. Täglich Tanz für alt und jung. Montag Ruhetag. elifsis erTi saxeoba warmoadgens winadadebis wyvetas, mas uwodeben apoziope zes (Aposiopese). igi gansxvavdeba elifsisagan imiT, rom pirveli iqmneba enis ekonomiis mizniT da misi aRdgena an Sevseba martivad SeiZleba enobrivi garemocviTa da situaciiT, maSin roca winadadebis wyvetisas molaparake wyvets Tavis gamonaTqvams da msmenelma TviTon unda gamoicnos gagrZeleba. molaparakem SeiZleba veRar gaagrZelos Tavisi metyveleba Semdeg situaciebSi: a) aRelvebis an dabneulobis gamo: Ja, aber....sagte Marie fassungslos und wußte nicht weiter (L.Frank),

b) molaparakes ganzrax ar mihyavs bolomde Tavisi azri, roca es muqaraa, ma

49

galiTad : Du! Noch ein Wort und – (Becher) . mkiTxvelis cnobismoyvareobis stimu

lirebisaTvis saTaurebSi xSirad iyeneben apoziopezes, es exeba Teatralur piesebs, literaturul nawarmoebebs, kino- filmebs, magaliTad: reda cineris piesis saTauria: „Was wäre, wenn....“ saTaurebs iSviaTad aqvT sruli winadadebis forma, umetes maTgans aqvs sityvaTa jgufis an uSemasmenlo winadadebis struqtura, magaliTad: „Wir Wunderkinder“ (k. ჰofmanis filmi), „Solange du da bist“... (o. fiSeris filmi).

daskvnaamgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom grama

tikuli movlenebi, iqneba es morfolo

giasa Tu sintaqsSi, SeiZleba ganixile

bodes stilisturi TvalTaxedvidan, anu

dadgindes maTi stilisturi Rirebule

ba, rac Tavs iCens rogorc sayoveldReo

(yofiT) metyvelebaSi, aseve publicis

tikasa da mxatvrul literaturaSi. es

ukanaskneli gvaZlevs did SesaZleblo

bebs, davadginoT maTi stilisturi efe

qti, rac iwvevs did zegavlenas mkiTx

velze (msmenelze) maTi uCveulobis,

eqspresiulobis da struqturulkomu

nikaciuri funqciis wyalobiT. amis gamo

SeiZleba CaiTvalos isini stilisturad

markirebul sintaqsur movlenebad. es

exeba, upirveles yovlisa, sityvaTwyo

bas, sintaqsur kavSirTa garkveul saSu

alebebs, winadadebis zogierT models,

rac sainteresoa ara marto lingistu

ri, aramed literaturulstilisturi

aspeqtidanac.

literatura

1. Riesel E., Schendels E. (1975): Deutsche Stilistik, Verlag „Hochschule“, Moskau

2. Duden-Grammatik (2003): Syntax, Verlag “Bibliographisches Institut“, Mannheim

3. Ризель Э. (1968): Морфология и синтак-сис современного русского литературного языка, издательство “Наука”, Москва

4. Гулыга Е., Розен Е. (1977): Новое и ста-рое в лексике и грамматике немецкого языка, из-дательство “ Просвещение”, Ленинград

5. Riesel E. (1964): Der Stil der deutschen Alltagsrede, Verlag „Hochschule“, Moskau

6. Fix U., Poethe H., Yos G. (2001): Textlinguistik und Stilistik für Einsteiger, Band 1, Peter Lang-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main

К вопросу стилистически маркированного синтаксиса в

немецком языке

Джаши Марина Николаевна Государственный университет Ильи Факультет наук и искусства пр. И. Чавчавадзе №32, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.:599 552 195E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеB данной статье рассматриваются синтакси-

ческие явления с точки зрения стилистики, пред-ставлены средства синтаксических связей, асин-детон, полисиндетон, порядок слов, для которого характерны четыре основных закономерностей, некоторые модели предложений как одночлен-ные и эллиптические предложения. Эти явления имеют стилистическую значимость как в повсед-невной (бытовой) речи, так и в художественной литературе. В синтаксисе имеются множество величин с абсолютным стилистическим значе-нием. Схема построения предложения дает нам возможность более богатого выбора вариантов, чем группа слов, которая со своей стороны более вариабельна, чем словоформа. Чем больше вари-

50

антов допустимо, тем более свободно использует их стилистика. Стилистические различия выяв-ляются более четко в синтаксисе, чем в морфо-логии.

Ключевые слова: стилистическая значимость, порядок слов,

асиндетон, полисиндетон, обособление, парце-ляция, эллипсис.

To the Question of Stylistically Marked Syntax in German

Marina Jashi Ilia’s State University Faculty of Sciences and Art 32, I.Chavchavadze av., 0179 Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 599 552 195E-mail: [email protected]

AbstractIn this article are consider syntactic phenomena

from the point of view of stylistics. The means of syntactic connections are provided as asyndeton, polysyndeton, order of words, for which four basic regularities are characteristic, some models of sen-tences as one-term and elliptic. This phenomena have a stylistic significance both in everyday speech and in fiction. In the syntax there are sets of values with an absolute stylistic value. The proposal con-struction scheme gives us the possibility of a richer

choice of oprions than a group of words which for its part is more variable than the word form. The more options are acceptable the more freely they use the stylistic. Stylistic differences are revealed more clearly in the syntax than in morphology.

Keywords:stilistical consequence, order, asidenton, polysi-

denton, isolation, parcelling, ellypse.

51

zoonimebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli leqsikis kulturuli konotaciisaTvis italiur enaSi

maia javaxiZe



i. WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 599 104 315


reziumestatiaSi gaanalizebu lia italiur

enaSi arsebuli metaforuli zoonimebis

Tormeti Tematuri jgufi: `mwerebi~ (25

erTeuli), `gareuli cxovelebi~ (19),

`Sinauri cxovelebi~ (18), ̀ gareuli frin

velebi~ (17), `Sinauri frinvelebi~ (7),

`Tevzebi~ (6), `moluskebi~ (4), `qvewar

mavlebi~ (4), ̀ mRrRnelebi~ (4), ̀ zRvis Zu

Zumwovrebi~ (1), `umartivesni~ (1), `amfi

biebi~ (1), aseve zoonimebTan dakavSire

buli kidev ori jgufi: `cxovelebis,

frinvelebisa da mwerebis sxeulis na

wilebi~ (14 erTeuli) da `cxovelebis,

frinvelebis an mwerebis sacxovrisi~ (12

erTeuli). metaforebis analizi ganxor

cielda dominanturi maxasiaTeblebis

gamovleniT, rac safuZvlad udevs meta

foruli modelebis anu paradigmebis

gamovlenas.

sakvanZo sityvebi:metafora, zoonimi, lingvokulturo

logia, kulturuli koncepti.

Sesavaliitaliur enaSi warmodgenili zoo

nimebis kvleva da maTTan dakavSire

buli le qsi kis (cxovelebis, mwerebis

da fri nvelebis sxeulis nawilebis

da maTi sacxovrisis) metaforuli mni

Svnelobebis analizi lin gvokulturul

konteqstSi saSualebas gvaZlevs gamo

vavlinoT zoonimebis mxa tvrulkul

turuli konotacia da gavaerTianoT es

mniSvnelobebi kulturul paradigmebSi.

ZiriTadi nawililingvokulturologiur kvlevebSi

dadgenilia enaSi kulturis mniSvne

lobis gadmocemis oTxi saSualeba (3;

18): kulturuli semebi (kulturis gamo

vlinebis is saSualebebi leqsemebsa da

frazeologizmebSi, romlebic gamoxa

taven idioeTnikur realiebs. kulturul

semas Seicavs, magaliTad, sagnobrivi

realiis aRmniSvneli iseTi saxeli, ro

goricaa ̀ nabadi~), kulturuli foni (le

qsemebisa da frazeologiis daxasiaTeba,

romlebic aRweren socialur cxovrebas

da da istoriul movlenebs, mag. `namga

li da uro~), kulturuli konceptebi

(konceptebia abstraqtuli cnebebis sax

elebi, romelTa semantikaSi signifika

tiuri aspeqti Warbobs denotatiurs,

maT ar gaaCniaT sagnobrivi `safuZveli~,

sagnobrivi realia denotatis saxiT.

enis matareblebi axdenen maTi cnebiTi

Sinaarsis `konstruirebas~, gamomdina re

TavianTi RirebulebaTa sistemebidan. ma

galiTad, qarTuli `megobari~ ar udris

inglisur friends) da, bolos, kulturu

li konotacia. kulturuli konotacia

axasiaTebs mxa tvrul enobriv niSnebs.

kultura aRwevs maTSi maTi semantikis

asociaciurmxatvruli safu Zvlis saSu

52

alebiT da maTi interpretaciis dros

gamovlindeba iseT movlenebTan kavSir

Si, rogoricaa stereotipebi, etalonebi,

simboloebi, miTologemebi, prototipuri

situaciebi da erovnuli da zogadsaka

cobrio kulturis sxva ni Snebi, romelic

SeTvisebuli aqvs mocemul lingvokul

turul erTobas. xaTta sistema, romelic

Zevs enis leqsikur da frazeologiur

erTeulebSi, warmoadgens im adgils, ̀ ni

Sas~, sadac xdeba samyaros xedvis aku

mulireba: mxatvruli safuZveli, ase Tu

ise, ukavSirdeba sulieri, socialuri Tu

materialuri tipis kulturas, Tumca, es

kavSiri ar Zevs yo velTvis mniSvnelobis

zedapirze.

maSasadame, cnebaSi ̀ kulturuli kono

tacia~ SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi mniS

vnelovani parametrebi: 1) is semiotikuri

erTeulia, warmoadgens makavSire bel

rgols sagnobrivad iseT sxvada sxva

sferoebsa da semiotikur sistemebs So

ris, rogoricaa ena da kultura. 2) kul

turul konotacias aqvs Tavisi realiza

ciis lokusi enis sistemaSi. es aris enis

garkveuli plasti, konkretulad ki mx

atvrulad motivirebuli leqsikuri da

frazeologiuri erTeulebi. konotacias

aseve aqvs lokalizacia am erTeulebis

mniSvnelobebSi _ am erTeulebis mx

atvrul safuZvelSi. am TvalsazrisiT,

kulturuli konotacia SeiZleba gan

isazRvros rogorc niSnobrivi katego

ria. (2;) aqedan gamomdinare, metafora da

kulturuli konotacia aris swored kv

levis erTerTi saintereso sfero. Cveni

kvlevis sagania cxovelebis aRmniSvneli

leqsikuri erTeulebis _ zoonimebis

gadataniTi, metaforuli mniSvnelobebi.

aseTi mni Svnelobis mqone zoonimebi ga

vaerTianeT garkveul Tematur jgufebSi;

warmo dgenili mniSvnelobebi dafiqsire

bulia italiuri enis ganmartebiT le

qsikonebSi an sargeblobs garkveuli

simyariT enis matareblebSi (Segvxvda

garkveuli zoonimebi, romelic ar aris

dafiqsirebuli leqsikonSi, magram war

modgenilia sxva wyaroebSi).

Cveni analizi eyrdnoba metaforis

Teoriis im mimarTulebas, romelic iT

valiswinebs metaforis kodirebisa da

dekodirebis procesebs da efuZneba

sityvis leqsikur_semantikuri mniS

vnelobis komponentur analizs (1;); am

Teoriis safuZvelze gamoiyofa metafo

ris samotivacio niSanTvisebebi, maTze

dayrdnobiT ki SesaZlebelia dominan

turi niSan_Tvisebebis dadgena. saxelis

metaforuli gadatana erTi obieqti

dan meoreze xdeba qvemoT CamoTvlili

saerTo niSan_Tvisebebis /parametrebis

safuZvelze; anu es semebia, romlebic

impliciturad gamoxataven Sesadarebel

denotatebSi obieqturad arsebul meta

foris samotivacio niSan_Tvisebebs (1;

42):

fizikuri Tvisebebi (fiz.): formaci

uli (fiz.form.) _ sidide, simaRle, siR

rme, sigrZe, simsuqne, zoma, wona, simaRle,

sigane; odoraciuli (fiz.od.); feris

(fiz.fer.); gemosi (fiz.gem.); wonis (fiz.

won.); xmis (fiz.xm.); drois (fiz.dr.) _

asaki, dro, xangrZlioba; temperaturuli

(fiz.temp.); Sexebis (fiz.Sex.) _ simagre,

sirbile.

konsistencialuri niSanTvisebebi

(kons.), gamoxataven obieqtis mowyobas,

konsistencias _ sisavse, organizaciuli

sistema, Semadgenloba, arsi, wyoba, masala.

funqcionaluri niSanTvisebebi (funqc.)

gamoxataven, risTvisaa ganku Tvnili obi

eqti, mizans, gamoyenebis mizezs.

realizaciuri Tvisebebi (real.): obi

eqtis gamovlinebis maxasiaTeblebi, mag.:

aqtiuroba, mniSvneloba, intensiuroba,

reaqcia, reJimi, Sedegi, Zala.

53

dinamikuri maxasiaTeblebi (din.): mo

qmedebis msvlelobis niSanTvisebebi _

ritmi, tempi.

relaciuri parametrebi (rel.) gamoxa

taven Sexedulebebs imaze, Tu ra aqvT

saerTo am dasapirispirebel obieqtebs

_ adgili, mdgomareoba, mimarTeba, mimar

Tuleba, siaxlove, rigi, ganlageba.

subieqtur-fsiqologiuri niSan-Tvi

sebebi (sub.fsiq.) – gamoxataven im msgavs

grZnobebs, mdgomareobas, SegrZnebebs,

romelic uCndeba subieqts Sesadarebel

obieqtebTan kontaqtis dros ; grZnoba,

gancda.

rogorc analizi gviCvenebs, metafori

zacia xSirad xasiaTdeba ara erTi, aramed

ramdenime samotivacio niSan-TvisebiT.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom Cven ar ganvix

ilavT frazeologiur erTeulebs far

To gagebiT, amjerad SemovifarglebiT

mxolod leqsemebis damoukidebeli mniS

vnelobebiT da am tipis konstruqciebiT:

“essere un/una ----” , `essere come un/una -----”; ~avere _______ di ______” (mag.: avere vocino di zanzara _ `koRosaviT xma aqvs~).

pirveli Tematuri jgufi _ `mwerebi~

_ asea warmodgenili italiurSi:

matli / Wupri, xis Wia, WriWina, buzi,

krazana / bziki, rwyili, tili, WianWvela,

futkari, cikada, kalia, nemsiylapia, pe

pela, Ramis pepela, qinqla, RvTismlocve

la, koRo, cicinaTela, wurbela, tkipa.

vnaxoT am leqsikuri erTeulebis

metaforuli mniSvnelobebi:

larva – matli, Wupri: 1. Zalian gamxdari,

cud formaSi myofi adamiani; sakuTari Ta

vis aCrdili / moCveneba. tarlo _ xis Wia: fiqri, eWvi, rac tanja

vs adamians; il tarlo del rimorso _ sinanulis

Wia, del dubbio _ eWvis Wia.

grillo _ WriWina: 1. kaprizi, ucnauroba.

avere dei grilli per la testa _ Tavi savse aqvs

ucnauri azrebiT (ideebiT). 2. saltella

come un grillo _ kargi janmrTelobis

mqone adamiani, cocxali da moZravi.

pulce _ rwyili: akviatebuli azri, eWvi,

fiqri.

mosca _ buzi: 1. autaneli, momabezre

bli, abezari, TavSemawyeneli adamiani.

2. mosca cocchiera, meetle buzi – (fe

dris igavidan) buzi, romelsac hgonia,

rom raRacas warmoadgens, unda Seqmnas

Sexe duleba sakuTari mniSvnelobis Se

saxeb.

vespa _ krazana: 1. qalis Zalian wvri

li weli; 2. Tavis momabezrebeli, Tavis

Semawyeneli adamiani. 3. boroti zraxvebis mqone, arakeTilganwyobili adamiani.

piattola _ boqvenis tili: abezari,

TavSemawyeneli, gulis gamawyalebeli.

pidocchio _ tili: Zunwi da sulmdabali

adamiani.

pidocchioso _ tiliani: arafrismqone,

ubadruki, Raribi.

formica _ WianWvela: adamianTan mimarTe

baSi Zalian mSromel, windaxedul adami

ans niSnavs, mis moZraobasTan mimarTe

baSi ki (andare a passo di formica WianWve

las nabijebiT / dadis / gadaadgildeba

/ moZraobs) – Zalian nela moZrav adamians

aRniSnavs. (f.e.Si avere il cervello di una for-mica WianWvelas tvini – SezRuduli az

rovnebis adamiania).

ape – futkari: Zalian Sromismoyvare

adamiani, romelic gamudmebiT Sromobs.

ape regina – deda (dedofali) futkari:

qali, romelic pativs ar scems mama

kacebs da iyenebs maT mxolod gamra

vlebis mizniT. cicala _ cikada: abezari da Worikana ada

miani.

cavalletta _ kalia: 1. Zalian xarbi, gaumaZ

Rari, Rormucela adamiani; 2. abezari, ro

melic yvelaferSi ereva, cxvirs yofs.

libellula – nemsiylapia: msubuqi, moqnili,

graciozuli, ZiriTadad, qalis Sesaxeb.

farfalla – pepela: zedapiruli qali, qa

54

rafSuta, meryevi da cvalebadi xasiaTis.

farfallone – didi pepela: zedapiruli

kaci, qarafSuta, meryevi da cvalebadi xa

siaTis.

falena – Ramis pepela: msubuqi yofaqce

vis qali, meZavi.

moscerino – qinqla: 1. fizikurad Zalian

patara aRnagobis adamiani. 2. `patara“ ada

miani, romelic arafers ar warmoadgens.

mántide – RvTismlocvela: qali, ro

melic pativs ar scems mamakacebs da

romelic mxolod gamravlebis mizniT

ikavebs urTierTobas maTTan.

zanzara – koRo: 1. abezari, Tavis Sema

wyeneli adamiani; 2. vocino di zanzara – ko

Ros bzuilis msgavsi adamianis xma.

lucciola – cicinaTela; 1. kinoTetrebSi,

TanamSromeli, qali, romelic farniT

adgilebs unaTebs mayureblebs; 2. msu

buqi yofaqcevis qali.

sanguisuga _ wurbela: 1. xarbi adami

ani, romelic fuls `wovs~ sxvebs; 2. Tavis

momabezrebeli adamiani.

zecca – tkipa; Tavis momabezrebeli

adamiani.

ragno (ragnetto) _ oboba. fizikurad patara aRnagobis adamiani.

aRniSnul Tematur jgufSi warmodge

nilia 25 dasaxelebis zoonimi. maTi ze

moTmoyvanili metaenis saSualebiT ana

lizi aseT suraTs gvaZlevs:

mweri→adam. fiz. for. mweri→adam. sub. fsiq.real.

matli /Wupri (larva) _ Zalian gamxdari;

qinqli (moscerino) _ 1. Zalian patara;

oboba (ragno) _ Zalian patara

tili (pidocchio) _ Zunwi; WianWvela (formica) Zalian mSromeli;

qinqli (moscerino) 3. _ mSromeli;

futkari (ape) _ mSromeli;

kalia (cavaletta) 1. _ xarbi, gaumaZRari; 2.

abezari.

pepela (farfalla) _ qarafSuta;

wurbela (sanguisuga) 1. _ xarbi;

mamri pepela (farfallone) _ zedapiruli;

qinqli (moscerino) 2. _ araraoba;

buzi (mosca) 1. _ abezari;

krazana (vespa) 2.3 _ abezari;

boqvenis tili (piattola) _ abezari;

cikada (cicalla) _ abezari;

kalia (cavaletta) 2. _ abezari;

koRo (zanzara) 2. _ abezari;

wurbela (sanguisuga) 2. _abezari;

tkipa (zecca) _ abezari.

mweri → adam. mded. fiz.for.

krazana (vespa) vitino da vespa krazanas weli

mweri→adam. fiz.xma

koRo (zanzara) vocino di zanzara koRosaviT

xma

mweri→fsiq. movlena

xis Wia (tarlo) _ akviatebuli azri;

WriWina (grillo) 1. _ kaprizi;rwyili (pulce) _ akviatebuli azri;

mweri→adam.real

WianWvela (di formica) 1. _ neli;

WriWina (grillo) 2. _ moZravi;

55

aRniSnul jgufSi davamateT erTi sa

motivacio niSanTviseba _ mdedri _ vi

naidan aq aRmoCnda am niSnis Semcveli

ramdenime metafora, mkveTrad gamoxatu

li sqesobrivi maxasiaTebliT. yvelaze

xSiri subieqtur–fsiqologiuri maxa

siaTebelia ~abezari“, ~Tavis momabe

zrebeli“ – rac, ra Tqma unda, ukavSir

deba am mwerebis mier gamocemul xmas

– buzi, krazana, cikada, koRo an maT

realizaciur maxasiaTeblebs, romelic

Zalian Semawuxebelia adamianisaTvis:

wurbela da tkipa sisxls wovs, koRo

da tili ikbineba da qavils iwvevs.

Tematuri jgufi ̀ gareuli cxovelebi~.

am jgufSi sul warmodgenilia 19 zoo

nimi da ori zogadi mniSvnelobis le

qsema ̀ mxeci~ da ̀ katisebri~: lomi, mgeli,

daTvi, maimuni, mandrili, makaka, mela,

vefxvi, afTari, tura, xari, gazeli, Ji

rafi, paqidermi, zRarbi, kurdReli,

dombi, behemoti, mastodonti. bestia – mxeci: 1. gansakuTrebuli fizi

kuri Zalis, energiis mqone adamiani. 2. uxe

Si, gaunaTlebeli da moZalade adamiani;

leone – lomi: gansakuTrebulad Zlieri

da energiuli adamiani;

lupo - mgeli: klasikuri zRapris gmiri

mgeli – rogorc Zlieri da xarbi, ro

melic Cagravs susts; (Sesulia bevri

frazeologiuri erTeulis Semadgenlo

baSi: 1. zRvis mgeli – Lupo di mare – Zveli,

gamocdili mezRvauri; 3. Lupo mannaro _ maqcia da sxv.)

orso – daTvi: pirquSi da kuSti, nak

lebad socialuri adamiani.

scimmia– maimuni: 1. uSno garegnobis da

usiamovno manerebis mqone, boroti, Rvar

Zliani, avguli. 2. is, vinc baZavs sxva ada

mians JestebiT, xmiT, maneriT.

scimmiotto – patara maimuni: uSno gareg

nobisa Tu aRnagobis adamiani.

mandrillo – mandrili: 1. avxorci;

2. kaci, romelic gansakuTrebuli seqsua

luri aqtivobiT gamoirCeva.

volpe – mela: 1. ezopes igavis mixedviT

is, vinc TiTqosda aRarafrad agdebs Tavi

si survilis obieqts, romelsac ver `Ses

wvda~. 2. Zalian cbieri adamiani;

tigre – vefxvi: sastiki da daundobeli

adamiani.

iena – afTari: gansakuTrebulad sasti

ki, sulmdabali, saZulveli adamiani.

sciacallo – tura: 1. marodiori. 2. adami

ani, romelic sxvis ubedurebaze iTbobs

xels.

toro – xari: 1.fizikurad Zlieri aRna

gobis, gansakuTrebuli ZaliT gamorCeu

li adamiani. (frazeologiuri erTeuli:

2. Sbuffare come un toro xariviT qSena – gan

sakuTrebuli mouTmenlobis an brazis

gamovlena).

ipopotamo – behemoti: fizikurad didi aRnagobis mamakaci.

bizonte – domba: fizikurad didi aRnagobis mamakaci.

gazzella – gazeli: 1. gazeliviT swrafi,

moZravi da moqnili adamiani. mastodonte – mastodonti, preistori

uli spilo. fizikurad didi mamakaci. felino _ katisebri: 1. moqnili, elasti

uri, mardi adamiani; 2. cbieri, frTxili,

muxanaTuri; (sguardo felino _ katisebri

mzera; astuzia felina _ katisebri eSmakoba).giraffa – Jirafi: fizikurad Zalian maRa

li adamiani, grZeli kisriTa da fexebiT.

(Collo da giraffa Jirafis kiseri; Camminare a passi da giraffa nabijebi – grZeli da us

wormasworo).

bovino – xaris: comportamento bovino _

xaris qceva; intelligenza bovina xaris

Wkua _ enaCavardnili, damunjebuli,

Clungi, utvino; (occhi bovini xaris Tva

lebi – mrgvali da winwamoweuli)

elefante – spilo: 1. fizikurad msuqani,

56

mouqneli, yovelgvar gracias moklebu

li; 2. utaqto, uxeSi, sifaqizes moklebu

li adamiani.

pachiderma – paqidermi: 1. msuqana. 2. sqelkaniani, ugrZnobeli;

riccio – zRarbi: Chiudersi a riccio; SiSi

sagan an undoblobisagan Tavdacvis pozi

ciis dakaveba.

coniglio – kurdReli; mxdali, laCari,

sulmdabali.

macaco – makaka; 1. maxinji, uSno gareg

nobis mqone adamiani; 2 . manWia.

cxoveli→adam. fiz. form.Jirafi (giraffa) _ maRali da grZeli kidurebiT;paqidermi (pachiderma) _ 1. didi;spilo (elefante) 1. _ didi;domba (bisonte) _ didi;mastodonti (mastodonte) _ didi;behemoti (ipoppotamo) _ didi;

cxoveli→adam.sub.fsiq.real.cxoveli (bestia) _ 2. sastiki;kurdReli (coniglio) _ laCari;daTvi (orso) _ pirquSi;vefxvi (togre) _ sastiki;maimuni (scimmia) _ eSmaki;afTari (iena) _ sastiki;spilo (elefante) 2. _ uxeSi;paqidermi (pachiderma) 2. _ sqelkaniani, ugrZnobeli.zRarbiviT (a riccio) _ Caketili;tura (sciacallo) _ is, vinc sxvis ubedurebaze iTbobs xels. mgeli (lupo) _ xarbi, sastiki da sustis damCagvreli.

cxoveli→adam. fiz. gareg.maimuni (scimmia) 1. _ uSno;patara maimuni (scimiotto) _ uSno;makaka (macaca) _ uSno;

cxoveli→adam.real.katisebri (felino) _ moqnili;makaka (macaca) 2. manWia;cxoveli (bestia) 1. _ Zlieri;xari (toro) _ Zlieri;

am jgufSi, rogorc vxedavT, Warbobs

metaforis ori samotivacio niSani:

fizikuri maxasiaTebeli da subieqtur

fsiqologiuri niSanTviseba. metafore

bis aqsiologiuri mimarTuleba ki aris

peioratiuli; uaryofiTi Sefaseba War

bobs, neitraluri (didi, maRali, grZeli)

bevrad ufro mwirad aris warmodge

nili, aRaraferi rom vTqvaT meliorati

ulze (moqnili).

mesame Tematuri jgufia ~Sinauri cxo-

velebi“. warmodgenilia 18 leqsikuri

erTeuli: ZaRli, Zu ZaRli, cxeni (ca-

vallo, vcavallina), kvici, ulayi, Rori, dako

dili Rori, nezvi, cxvari, vaci, jori,

viri, Zroxa.

cane – ZaRli: 1. mZvinvare, ficxi, gaRiz

ianebadi, Zunwi; 2. Tavis saqmeSi sruliad

uunaro adamiani, gansakuTrebiT msaxio

bi an momRerali. 3. sulmdabali, saziz

Rari.

si è comportato da cane – ZaRliviT moiqca, fare il cane sastikad moiqca.

cagna – Zu ZaRli: 1. usircxvilo, una

muso qali, Zukna, meZavi. 2. (moZv.) braziani

xasiaTis qali; 3. cudi msaxiobi, gansa

kuTrebiT ki momRerali.

cavallo – cxeni: pazzo come un cavallo _

cxeniviT giJi.

cavallina – cxeni: didi da mouqneli qali.

puledro – kvici: cocxali, moZravi

ymawvili.

puledra di razza _ jiSiani faSati: karg

fizikur formaSi myofi qali, grZeli

da daZarRvuli fexebiT.

stallone – gasamravlebeli ulayi: kaci,

romelsac gansakuTrebuli seqsualuri

energia aqvs.

57

maiale – Rori: 1. mangiare come un maiale - RoriviT Wama _ bevris Wama, yvelafris

pirSi Cayra. 2. Zalian msuqani adamiani:

grasso come un maiale.porco – Rori, dakodili Rori: 1. Za

lian binZuri, WuWyiani adamiani; 2. Zalian

amoraluri, mankieri, uxamsi; fare il porco _ RoriviT moqceva; parlare come un porco _ RoriviT laparaki; 3. sazizRari adami

ani, veragi, arasando, cbieri da msg.

scrofa – nezvi: meZavi, Zukna.

troia – nezvi: 1. meZavi, Zukna. 2. usircxvi

lo, Tavxedi, aRviraxsnili, TavaSvebuli,

sazizRari adamiani.

pecora – cxvari: susti adamiani, zedme

tad morCili da damjeri, sakuTari nebis

armqone;

becco – vaci: moRalate colis myole

kaci.

mulo (1) – jori: 1. jiuti adamiani; 2.

adamini, romelic mZime tvirTs – saqmes

aikidebs. (3. moZv. mniSvnelobiT arakano

nieri vaJiSvili). mulo (2) – jori: CrdiloeT italiaSi

niSnavs celq , anc biWs.

asino – viri: gauTleli, uxeSi, gauna

Tlebeli adamiani;

somaro – viri: 1. gaunaTlebeli adamiani.

uxeSi, gauTleli, uzrdeli. 2. cudi moswavle skolaSi.

vacca – Zroxa: msuqani qali.

cxoveli→adam. fiz. form.Rori (maiale) – 2. msuqani;

cxoveli→adam.sub.fsiq.real.ZaRli (cane) _ 1. mZvinvare; 3. sulmdabali, sazizRariZu ZaRli 2. (cagna) _ braziani;jori (mulo) _ 1. jiuti; 2. Znel saqmes SeWidebuli.Rori (porco) _ 2. amoraluri;3. sazizRari;nezvi (troia) _ aRviraxsnili;cxvari (pecora) _ morCili;viri (asino) _ gauTleli;viri (somaro) _ 1. gauTleli;cxeniviT (pazzo come un cavallo) _ giJi;

cxoveli→adam. mded. fiz. form.Zroxa (vacca) – msuqani;cxeni (cavallina) _ mouqneli qali;jiSiani faSati (pulledra) _ sportuli, kargi aRnagobis qali;

cxoveli→adam. mded./mamr.fiz.xm.dedali ZaRli (cagna) – 3. cudi msaxiobi, gans. momReraliZaRli (cane) sruliad uunaro msaxiobi, gans. momRerali kaci.

cxoveli→adam. real.RoriviT ( da maiale) – Wama;Rori (porco) – 1. binZuri;

cxoveli→adam. fiz. form. asaki . real.kvici (puledro) _ moZravi biWi;jori (2) (mulo) _ celqi biWi;viri (somaro) _ cudi moswavle skolaSi;

cxoveli→adam.mded.real.Zu ZaRli (cagna) _ 1. Zukna, meZavi;nezvi (scrofa) _ meZavi;

cxoveli→adam.mamr.real.ulayi (stallone) – “gasamravleblad” sasurveli;

am jgufSi yvelaze meti samotivacio

niSani aris subieqturfsiqologiuri,

metaforis aqsiologiuri mimarTeba

aris peioratiuli.

Tematuri jgufi: `gareuli frinvele-

bi~. masSi warmodgenilia 17 zoonimi:

RobemZvrala, SaSvi, Savi SaSvi, arwi

vi, mwyeri, mtredi, farSevangi, gvriti,

zarnaSo, bukioti, mimino, TuTiyuSi, sva

vi, yvavi, siraqlema, kanaris Citi.

scricciolo – RobemZvrala: 1. uno scricciolo di donna – miniaturuli, haerovani qali;

58

2. mangiare quanto uno scricciolo, pochissimo. CitiviT kenkavs. 3. avere il cervello di uno scricciolo – qaTmis tvina, batis tvina. 2 patara da susti aRnagobis adamiani.

tordo – SaSvi: 1. kargi nakvebi, SaSviviT msuqani: Grasso come un tordo.

2. doylapia, CerCeti, yeyeCi.

merlo – Savi SaSvi: miamiti, gulubryvi

lo kaci, romlis motyuebac advilia.

aquila – arwivi: araordinaruli Wkuis

mqone adamiani. quaglia– mwyeri: 1. zomierad, sasia

movnod msuqani. 2. eSmaki, gaiZvera, eSmaki mela: una quaglia soprafina;

piccione – mtredi: gulubryvilo da

ubralo adamiani.

colomba – mtredi: ubralo, mSvidi,

Tvinieri, uwyinari, wminda adamiani, gans.

qali.

pavone – farSevangi: zedapiruli, pa

tivmoyvare, yoyoCi, mofuqsavato adami

ani.

tortora – gvriti: umanko, ubiwo. gufo – zarnaSo: Sinayuda, asocialuri

adamiani.

allocco – bukioti: miamiti, gulubryvi

lo, advilad mosatyuebeli kaci.

falco – mimino: Occhio di falco – miminos

Tvali; 1. uSiSari, gabeduli xasiaTis

adamiani, gonebamaxvli; 2. mtacebeli,

cbie ri, mzakvrobis Camdeni. 3. politi

kur situaciebSi Seurigebeli, princi

puli, sworxazovani (ant. colomba)pappagallo – TuTiyuSi: 1. adamiani, ro

melic daufiqreblad, meqanikurad baZavs

sxvas, imeorebs mis sityvebsa Tu Jestebs,

mzuTxavi; 2. kaci, romelic Tavisi zed

meti yuradRebiT, komplimentebiT, quCaSi

Tavs abezrebs qalebs _ Tavxedi,

avvoltoio – svavi: Zalian cbieri, boro

ti, Suriani, romelic sxvis ubedureba

ze iTbobs xels.

corvo – yvavi: 1. Worikana, cudi enis mqone adamiani.

struzzo _ siraqlema: romelic Tavs

qviSaSi hyofs, rom safrTxe ar dainaxos,

adamianic, romelic gaurbis realobas:

Fare lo struzzo, fare la politica dello struzzo.canarino _ kanaris Citi: 1. Zalian

susti aRnagobis adamiani; 2. policiis

info rmatori, is, vinc `daamRera~ infor

macia. 3. modenas fexburTis gundis fex

burTeli an am gundis gulSematkivari.

frinveli→adam. fiz. form. kanaris Citi (canarino) _ susti aRnagobisSaSvi (tordo) _ msuqani;

frinveli→adam. sub. fsiq. real.RobemZvrala (scricciolo)3. _ utvino;arwivi (aquila) _ Wkviani;mwyeri (quaglia) _ 2. eSmaki;mtredi (piccione) _ gulubryvilo;farSevangi (pavone) _ fuqsavati;mimino (falco) 1. uSiSari; 2. mtacebeli. 3. Seurigebeli;svavi (avvoltoio) _ cbieri;yvavi (corvo) _ Worikana;siraqlema (struzzo) _ is, vinc emaleba sinamdviles;zarnaSo (gufo) _ Sinayuda;gvriti (tortora) _ umanko;

frinveli→adam. mdedr. fiz. form.RobemZvrala (scricciolo)1. _ haerovani;mwyeri (quaglia) 1. _ msuqani;

frinveli→adam. fiz. form. ferikanaris Citi (canarino) _ q. modenas fexburTeli (maisuris feris mixedviT);

frinveli→adam. real.RobemZvrala (scricciolo) 2. is, vinc cotas Wams; TuTiyuSi (papagallo)1. _ sxvisi mimbaZveli;

frinveli→adam. mamr. sub. fsiq. real.TuTiyuSi (papagallo) 2. _ Tavxedi meqalTane;Savi SaSvi (merlo) _ miamiti kaci;bukioti (allocco) _ miamiti kaci; frinveli→adam. mded. sub. fsiq. real.

mtredi (colomba) Tvinieri, uwyinari

59

am qvejgufSi metaforis ZiriTadi ma

xasiaTebeli niSanTvisebaa subieqtur

fsiqologiuri + realizaciuri. aqac

SemovitaneT niSani mamri da mdedri,

vinaidan aRniSnuli maxasiaTebeli

mniSvnelovania im metaforebisaTvis,

romelSic is warmodgenilia. 17 zooni

midan warmoebuli metaforebis umrav

lesoba aqsiologiurad peioratiulia.

warmodgenilia erTi neitraluri kana

ris Citi (modenas fexburTeli) da sul

sami melioratuli metafora: RobemZvra

la _ `haerovani~, gvriti _ `umanko~ da

mtredi _ `uwyinari~.

Tematuri jgufi `Sinauri fri nve-

lebi~. jgufSi warmodgenilia 7 zoon

imi. mamali, yvinCila, yveruli, qaTami,

varia (2 erTeuli), bati.

gallo – mamali: 1. SfoTisTavi; Sariani,

CxubisTavi; 2. qalebis madevari; Vispo come un gallo _ `mamaliviT cocxali~ qale b

Tan urTierTobaSi yoCaRi; warmatebuli.

galletto – mamali, yvinCila, mamlayin-

wa: 1. mouTmeneli, axalgazrda ymawvili;

2. meqalTane, romelic qalebs earSiyeba,

es advilad gamosdis da warmatebiTac

sargeblobs.

cappone (1) _ yveruli (dakodili yvin

Cili): mamakaci, romelic ar aris dain

teresebuli seqsualuri urTierTobe

biT; (frazeologiuri erTeuli far la pelle di cappone _ daburZgvla);

pollo – qaTami: miamiti mamakaci, rom

lis motyuebac Zalian advilia.

pollastra – varia: momxibvleli gogona;

kargi `samizne~ (mamakacuri JargonisT

vis damaxasiaTebeli).

gallinella – varia: axalgazrda da sa

surveli qali.

oca – bati: suleli da CerCeti qali;

aseve gaunaTlebeli da ukulturo: mxia

ruli bati.

frinveli→adam. mamr. fiz. asaki. realyvinCila (galetto) _ mouTmeneli axalgazrda;

frinveli→adam. sub. fsiq. real.bati (oca) _ CerCeti;mamali (gallo) 1. _ SfoTisTavi;mamali (gallo) 2. _ meqalTane;yveruli (cappone) _ 1. is, visac ar aqvs interesi seqsulauri cxovrebis mimarT;qaTami (pollo) _ miamiti mamakaci;

frinveli→adam. mdedr. fiz. asak. fiz. gareg.varia (pollastra) _ momxibvleli gogona;varia (gallinella) _ sasurveli axalgazrda qali;

frinveli → fsiq.-fiziol. movlenayveruli 2. (far la pelle di cappone) _ daburZgvla;

am qvejgufSi warmodgenil 7 erTeulSi

metaforis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli ni

SanTvisebaa `subieqturfsiqologiuri

+ realizaciuri~.

Tematuri jgufi `Tevzebi~: zvigeni,

qamsa, kambala, Ciqvi, gvelTevza;

pescecane – zvigeni: swrafad gamdi

drebuli adamiani, gansakuTrebiT omis

dros da omis Semdgom.

acciuga – qamsa, qarxala: Zalian gamxda

ri adamiani.

sogliola – kambala: Zalian gamxdari

qali.

scorfano _ Ciqvi: Zalian uSno gare

gnobis adamiani.

scorpena – Ciqvi: Zalian uSno garegno

bis adamiani.

anguilla – gvelTevza: 1. Zalian mo

qnili adamiani. 2. eSmaki, moxerxebuli, cru da cbieri.

60

Tevzi→adam. fiz. form.qamsa (acciuga) _ gamxdarikambala (sogliola) _ gamxdarigvelTevza (anguilla) _ 1. moqnili

Tevzi→adam. sub. fsiq. real.zvigeni (pescecane) _ usindiso. ubedurebis Jams gamdidrebuli adamianigvelTevza (anguilla) _ 2. eSmaki, cbieri

Tevzi→adam. fiz. form. garegn.Ciqvi (scorfano) _ uSnoam Tematur jgufSi, romelSic warmodge

nilia 6 erTeuli, yvelaze metia niSniT

`fizikuri formacia~ gamorCeuli meta

forebi.

Tematuri jgufi: `qvewarmavlebi anu

reptiliebi~ warmodgenilia oTxi zoon

imiT: gveli, gvelgesla, qameleoni da

ku.

serpe – gveli: arasando, cbieri da

TvalTmaqci adamiani.

vipera – gvelgesla, Sxamiani gveli:

gesliani, cru adamiani. Essere una lingua di vipera _ gvelgeslas ena aqvs.

camaleonte – qameleoni: adamiani, ro

melic situaciis mixedviT icvlis Tavis

Sexedulebebs. tartaruga – ku: a passi di tartaruga _ kus

nabijebiT, Zalian nela gadaadgileba.

qvewarm.→ adam.realku (tartaruga) neli

qvewarm.→ adam. sub. fsiq. real.gveli (serpe) cbierigvelgesla (vipera) geslianiqameleoni (camaleonte) cvalebadi xasiaTis

rogorc vxedavT, am jgufSi warmodge

nili metaforis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebe

lia `subieqturfsiqologiuri + real

izaciuri~ maxasiaTebeli, aqsiologiuri

mimarTuleba aqac peioratiulia.

Tematuri jgufi `mRrRnelebi~ war

modgenilia oTxi zoonimiT: Tagvi,

virTxa, Txunela, maCvzRarba.

topo – Tagvi: 1. muso, visetto di topo – saxe patara nakvTebiT; Denti di topo patara da wvetiani kbilebi. 2. topo d’albergo, di treno, d’auto sastumros, matareblis, manqanis

qurdi;

zoccola – samxr. Casadeni milis virTxa:

meZavi, roskipi.

talpa / talpone –Txunela _ 1. asocia

luri, Caketili adamiani; 2. SezRuduli

gonebrivi SesaZeblobis adamiani. 3. ja

SuSi.

istrice – maCvzRarba; 1. Barba,capelli da istrice – maCvzRarbas Tma, wveri – Zalian

uxeSi, wvetiani; 2. Zalian mZime xasiaTis

mqone, advilad gaRizianebadi adamiani,

kerpi, uxeSi da kuSti.

mRrRneli→ adam.fiz.form.Tagvis (muso di topo) – 1. patara nakvTebi;maCvzRarbas (capelli di talpa) – wvetiani Tma, wveri;

mRrRneli → adam. real.Tagvi (topo di treno) – 2. qurdi;Txunela (talpa) jaSuSi;

61

mRrRneli → adam. mded. real.Casadeni milis virTxa (zoccola) – meZavi;

mRrRneli → adam. sub.fsiq. real.Txunela (talpa) – 1. asocialurimaCvzRarba (istrice) – 2. kuSti;Txunela (talpa) – 2. gonebrivad SezRuduli;

am jgufSi warmodgenilia 4 leqsema da

aqac niSani “realizaciaa� warmodgeni

li yvelaze Warbad.

Tematuri jgufi `moluskebi~ warmo

dgenilia oTxi leqsemiT: lokokina, mi

dia, rvafexa, xamanwka.

lumaca – lokokina: camminare come le lumache lokokinasaviT siaruli, Zalian

nela.

cozza – midia; (centr. da samxreT ita

liaSi) uSno gogo.

piovra _ rvafexa: daundobeli adami

ani; is, vinc ar moeSveba Tavis msxverpls,

sanam bolomde ar gamoiyenebs da ar

gaanadgurebs.

ostrica _ xamanwka: 1. Stare attaccato a qlcu. o a qlco. come l’ostrica allo scoglio, raRacaze an viRacaze xamanwkasaviT miwepebuli,

abezari; 2. chiudersi come ostrica _ xamanwkasaviT Caketva.

moluski → adam. real.lokokinasaviT (come le lumache) _neli;

moluski →adam. sub.fsiq. real.xamanwkasaviT (come l’ostrica) 2. CaketilixamanwkasaviT (come l’ostrica) 1. abezari; rvafexa (piovra) daundobeli;

moluski → adam. mded. fiz. form. gareg.midia (cozza) _ uSno gogo;

Tematuri jgufi `umartivesni~ war

modgenilia erTi wevriT:

ameba – ameba: adamiani _ arseba,

romelsac ar gaaCnia Tavisi pirovnu

loba.

umart.→adam. sub. fsiq. real.ameba (ameba) _ primitivi adamianiTematuri jgufi `kibosnairni~ war

modgenilia erTi wevriT:

gambero – kiborCxala: Rosso come un gambero _ kiborCxalasaviT wiTeli; Fare

come i gamberi _ kiborCxalasaviT siaru

li ukanukan.

kibosnairni→adam. fiz. feriRosso come un gambero _ wiTeli

kibosnairni→adam. real.ukanukan siaruli

Tematuri jgufi `amfibiebi~ warmod

genilia mxolod erTi erTeuliT

rospo – gombeSo: 1. Zalian uSno gareg

nobis adamiani 2. agresiuli, ukareba

adamiani, romelTanac rTulia urTier

Toba;

amfibia →adam. fiz. garegn.gombeSo _ 1. uSno

amfibia →adam. sub. fsiqol. real.gombeSo _ 2. ukareba

Tematuri jgufi `zRvis ZuZumwovre-

bi~ warmodgenilia erTi erTeuliT:

balena – veSapi: msuqani, gaTqvirebuli

qali.

zRvis ZuZumw. →adam. mdedr.fiz.veSapi _ msuqani qali

62

rac Seexeba cxovelTa sxeulis nawi

lebs, mxatvrulad gadaazrebulia eSvi

(zanna), kudi (coda), frTebi (ali), bibilo

(cresta), saxe (muso), dingi (grugno), xaxa

(fauci), niskarti (becco), antenebi (antenne), TaTebi (zampe), klanWebi (artigli), brWya

lebi (grinfie), sacecebi (tentacoli), zRarbis ekali an futkris nestari (aculeo), ena (lingua), xorTumi (proboscide). am leqsemebi

dan zogierTi, magaliTad, kudi, bibilo,

frTebi warmodgenilia mxolod fraze

ologiuri erTeulebis SemadgenlobaSi;

zanna (eSvi) _ 1. adamianis grZeli da

didi kbili, 2. Sedis frazeologiuri

erTeulebis SemadgenlobaSi, magaliTad,

dar di zanne, affondare le zanne _ kbilebis

Casoba; mostrare le zanne a qualcuno _ ̀ vinmes

eSvebi daanaxo~ _ vinmes daemuqro.

coda (kudi) _ coda di cavallo. es leqsema

gvxvdeba bevri frazeologiuri erTeu

lis SemadgenlobaSi.

muso _ aRniSnavs cxovelis saxes

(ZaRlis, viris, cxvris, aseve virTxisa da

Tagvis).

grugno _ dingi _ Roris dingi da (gadat.) adamianis cxviri.

criniera _ fafari, adamianis Sesaxeb:

is, visac aqvs xSiri, gaSlili, SesaZloa,

cota mouwesrigebeli Tma.

zampe (zampa) _ TaTebi _ adamianis

didi da mouxeSavi xelebi da fexebi.

artigli (artiglio) – klanWebi, adamian

Tan mimarTebaSi es aris xarbi, sastiki

adamianis xeli (gli artigli dell’assassino _

mkvle lis klanWebi)

grinfie (grinfia) _ brWyalebi, _ cadere nelle grinfie di un usuraio _ meva xSis klan

WebSi aRmoCena.

fauci _ xaxa _ Cveulebriv mtacebeli

cxovelis, Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia me

vaxSis xaxaSi aRmoCena.

becco _ frinvelebis niskarti; ityvian

adamianis pirze xumrobiT an uaryofiT

konteqstSi;

tentacoli (tentacolo) _ sacecebi _ rac

gaaCniaT polipebs. ixmareba iseT ada

mianTan mimarTebaSi, romelic cdilobs

Tavisi msxverplis gamoWeras an icavs

Tavis teritorias. I tentacoli della camora, della mafia _ mafiis sacecebi.

antenne _ mwerebis antenebi, romliTac

ynosaven da SeigrZnoben; `antenebi aqvs~

im adamians, romelic yuradRebiania da

intuiciac gaaCnia.

la lingua biforcuta _ orkapa ena damaxasiaTebeli zogi reptiliisaTvis, adami

anebTan mimarTebaSi _ is vinc matyuaraa

da `Sxamiani~.

proboscide _ spilos xorTumi, romelsac

xmarobs CasaWideblad da romlis bolo

Si moTavsebulia nestoebi; adamianTan

mimarTebaSi aRniSnavs grZel cxvirs.

maSasadame:

cxovelis sxeulis nawili →adamianis sxeulis nawili. fiz.Tviseb./formaeSvi (zanna) 1. didi kbili, Rojicxovelis saxe (muso) – xumr. an agdeb. adamianis saxedingi (grugno) didi cxvirixorTumi (proboscide) didi cxviriTaTebi (zampe) didi xelebifafari (criniera) xSiri da gaSlili Tmacxenis kudi (coda di cavallo) kudi (varcxnilobis tipi)

cxovelis sxeulis nawili →adamianis sxeulis nawili. funqc.

63

eSvi 2. – eSvebis (kbilebis) Casoba xaxa (fauci) – xaxis (piris) daReba, dafCenaniskarti (becco) – niskartis (piris) gaRebaantenebi (antenne) antenebiT SegrZnebaklanWebi (artigli) – klanWebSi (xelSi) CagdebabrWyalebi (grinfie) – brWyalebSi (xelSi) Cagdebaena (lingua biforcuta) eniT dagesvla

cxovelis sxeulis nawili → adam. real.sacecebi (tentacoli) sacecebiT mosinjva

cxovelis, frinvelis an mweris sacxovrisi:

farexi, sacxvare (l’ovile); bude (nido), soro (tana), soro, bunagi (covo), saqaTme (pollaio), Tavla, sajinibo (stalla), saRore (porcile), ZaRlis sagebi (cuccia), Tagvis

soro (topaia), ska (alveare), WianWvelebis

bude (formicaio), samtrede (piccionaia), krazanebis bude (vespaio), Wiis parki (bozzolo), ablabuda, obobas qseli (ragnatela, tela del ragno).

ovile _ farexi, sacxvare; gadatani

Ti mniSvnelobiT adamianis sacxovris

sac niSnavs: tornare, ricondurre all’ovile _

daubrunde sacxovriss, yoveldRiurobas;

nido _ bude, 1. sakuTari saxli, sadac

adamiani daibada an aqvs ojaxi;

2. nido di vipere _ `gvelebis bude~ _

cbie ri da boroti adamianebis TavSesa

fari, bunagi;

tana soro, gadat. mniSvnelobiTac:

vive in periferia, in una tana vecchia e sporca cxovrobs gareubanSi, Zvel da WuWyian

soroSi;

covo soro, bunagi, covo della lepre kurdRlis soro, della volpe meliis soro;

adamianebis TavSeyris adgi li, TavSesa

fari, samalavi, romlebic akrZalul

saqmianobas ewevian; magaliTad, qurdebis

bunagi;

pollaio saqaTme, gadat. WuWyiani, areuli

da xmauriani adgili;

stalla Tavla, sajinibo, gadat. Wu

Wyiani, binZuri adgili.

porcile saRore, gadat. _ Zalian binZuri

adgili;

cuccia ZaRlis sagebi, gadat. adamia

nis sawoli; andre, stare a cuccia dasaZineblad wasvla.

topaia Tagvis soro, gadat. cud mdgomareobaSi myofi saxli an oTaxi.

alveare ska, gli alveari periferici delle città moderne Tanamedrove qalaqis periferi

aSi arsebuli adamianebis sacxovrebeli

binebi did korpusebSi; formicaio WianWvelebis bude, gadat. mniSvnelobiT ki

Zalian xalxmravali adgili;

piccionaia _ 1. samtrede, 2. sxveni, mansarda.

cxovelis, frinvelis, mweris sacxovrisi →adam.sacxovrebeli/ zogadad adgili.fiz. funqc.farexi (ovile) adamianis sacxovrebeli; (neitr. konotacia)bude (nido) 1. adamianis sacxovrebeli; 2. nido di vespe – cbieri adamianebis TavSesafari;soro (tana) adamianis Zveli da WuWyiani sacxovrebeli;bunagi (covo) _ raime tipis damnaSaveTa bunagi;saqaTme (pollaio) WuWyiani, areuli adgili;Tavla, sajinibo (stalla) WuWyiani, binZuri adgili;saRore (porcile) Zalian binZuri adgili;ZaRlis dasagebi (cuccia) adamianis sawoli;Tagvis soro (topaia) Zveli da cudi saxli an oTaxi;ska (alveare) did korpusebSi mdebare bevri da patara sacxovrebeli bina;WianWvelebis bude (formicaio) Zalian xalxmravali adgili;samtrede (piccionaia) sxveni, mansarda.

64

daskvnazogadad zoonimebi metaforuli no

minaciis uSreti wyaroa. winamdebare

ana lizSi warmodgenilia italiur ena

Si arsebuli metaforuli zoonimebis

Tormeti Tematuri jgufi: `mwerebi~

(25), `gareuli cxovelebi~ (19), `Sinauri

cxovelebi~ (18), `gareuli frinvelebi~

(17), `Sinauri frinvelebi~ (7), `Tevzebi~

(6), `moluskebi~ (4), `qvewarmavlebi~ (4),

`mRrRnelebi~ (4), `zRvis ZuZumwovre

bi~ (1), `umertivesni~ (1), `amfibiebi~ (1),

zoonimebTan dakavSirebuli kidev ori

jgufi: `cxovelebis, frinvelebisa da

mwerebis sxeulis nawilebi~ (18 erTeuli)

da ̀ cxovelebis, frinvelebis an mwerebis

sacxovrisi~ (12 erTeuli). metaforis an

alizi ganxorcielda do minanturi maxa

siaTeblebis gamovleniT (mag., subieqtur

fsiqologiuri, rea lizaciuri da sxv.);

zogadad, metaforis dominanturi maxasi

aTeblebis gamo vlena, maTi analizi da

klasifikacia ki safuZvlad udevs meta

foruli modelebis, anu paradigmebis

gamovlenas, vinaidan gamoxataven imas,

Tu ra struqturuli organizacia aqvs

mocemuli lingvokulturuli sivrcis

konkretul (Cven SemTxvevaSi zoonimebis

da maTTan dakavSirebuli leqsemebis)

metaforul fragments. kvlevam gviCvena,

rom uSualod zoonimebTan mimarTeba

Si saerTo suraTSi Warbobs metafor

izaciis dominanturi maxasiaTebeli

`subieqturfsi qologiurs~ + `real

izaciuri~ (qceva). darCenil or jguSi

(`cxovelebis, frinvelebisa da mwerebis

sxeulis na wilebi~, `cxovelebis, fr

invelebis an mwerebis sacxovrisi~)

dominanturia `fizikuri~ da `funqci

uri~ maxasiaTeble bi; rogorc analizma

gviCvena, metaforebis didi umravlesoba

aqsiologiurad peioratiuli xasiaTiT

gamoirCeva.

literatura

1. Лагута О. Н. (2003): Метафорология: Теоретические аспекты. Часть 2. Новосибирск.

2. Опарина Е. О. Лингвокультурология: ме-тодологические основания и базовые понятия.http://www.classes.ru/grammar/140.Oparina/source/worddocuments/_3.htm

3. Телия В.Н. (1999): Фразеология в контексте культуры. «Языки русской культуры». Москва.

4. Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana di Nicola Zingarelli. (2011) Zanichelli.

5. Stefancich G. (2000) Tracce di animali nell’italiano. Bonacci.Roma.

6. Treccani.http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/7. qegli. rvatomeuli. Tbilisi.

Cultural Connotation of the Names of Animals in Italian

Maia JavakhidzeTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian sciences faculty36 Ilia Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:599 104 315E-mail: [email protected]

AbstractNames of the animals are very important source

of metaphors in languages. In present article is pre-sented the analyses of 12 groups of animals in Italian language: „insets“ (25), „beasts“ (19), „domestic animals“ (18), „birds of pray“ (17), „poultry“ (7), „fish“ (6), „mollusks“ (4), „reptiles“ (4), „gnawing animals“ (4), „sea mammals“ (1), „unicellular or-ganism“ (1), „amphibian“ (1) as well as „animals, birds and insets bodies parts“ and their habitation. Majority of the metaphors have negative connota-tions. The identification of the metapfor dominant characterization” gives the possibility for identifica-

65

tion of metaphoric paradigms which can be present-ed as metaphor pattern and interpreted in linguistic as well as in cultural aspect.

Keywords:Methaphor, zoonims, lingvoculture, cultural con-

cept.

О культурных коннотациях зоони-мов и связанной с ними лексики в

итальянском языке

Джавахидзе Майя АнзоровнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 104 315E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеВ статье рассмотрены 12 тематических групп

метафорических зоонимов, существующих в

итальянском языке: "Насекомые" (25), "дикие звери" (19), "домашние животные" (18), "дикие птицы" (17), "домашние птицы" (7), "рыбы" (6), "молюски" (4), "пресмыкающие" (4), "грызуны" (4), "морские млекопитающие" (1), "простей-шие" (1), "амфибии" (1). А также еще две груп-пы, связанные с зоонимами: "части тела зверей, птиц и насекомых" (14), и "место жилья зверей, птиц и насекомых" (12 единиц).

Анализ метафор осуществлен путем доми-нантных показателей, что является основой вы-явления метафорических моделей. т. е. парадиг-мов.

Ключевые слова:метафора, зооним, лингвокультурология,

культурный концепт.

66

interteqstualobis koncepti boris

akuninis deteqtiur romanebSi

Tamar jafoSvili

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli

universiteti


i.WavWavaZis gamziri, #53, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 577 111 728


reziumedeteqtiuri romani mkiTxvelSi yo

velTvis warmatebiT sargeblobda. bo

ris akuninis deteqtiurma romanebma

samarTlianad daikava mniSvnelovani

adgili Cveni qveynis literaturul as

parezze, isini aqtiurad iTargmneba sx

vadasxva enaze. akuninis SemoqmedebaSi

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs inter

teqstualobis sakiTxebs. Cveni kvlevis

sagania boris akuninis deteqtiur ro

manebSi interteqstualuri CanarTebis

SesaZlo realizaciis meTodebi, koncep

tis interteqstualobis mniSvnelobis

gansazRvra akuninis deteqtiur romaneb

Si.

sakvanZo sityvebi:

akunini, interteqstualoba, koncepti,

teqsti teqstSi, istoriografiuli

metaproza, diskursi, aluzia.

Sesavali

akuninis SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebu

li adgili uWiravs interteqstualo

bis sakiTxebs, rogorc mkiTxvelis yu

radRebis aqcentirebis meTods, is aya

libebs nawarmoebis aRqmas da xels uw

yobs mkiTxvelTa aqtivizacias. interte

qstis figurebs avtoris winaSe mdgari

komunikaciuri amocanebis gadawyvetis

mniSvnelovani potenciali gaaCnia.

urTierTobis efeqturobisa da pro

duqtiulobis asamaRleblad, mravali

saukunis ganmavlobaSi, enaSi gamomuSave

bulia da ganviTarebas agrZelebs er

TeulTa mTeli sistema, romelTac Cven

SeviswavliT rogorc gansakuTrebul

damxmare komunikaciur erTeulebs. es

erTeulebi warmoSobis mixedviT mraval

gvaria morfologiuri Tu sintaqsuri,

magram isini adresats exmarebian ga

monaTqvamebisa da agebuli diskursebis

adekvaturad aRqmaSi. aseve, es erTeule

bi monawileobas iReben diskursis orga

nizebaSi SekavSirebulad, logikurad

da Tanmimdevrulad mis CamoyalibebaSi,

gamonaTqvamTa pirdapiri da dafaruli

azris interpretaciisas, erTeulebi

zogaven komunikantTa inteleqtualur

Zalebs, qmnian ufro adekvaturi urT

ierTgagebis SesaZleblobas da komu

nikantebs exmarebian sakuTari miznebis

swrafad da efeqturad miRwevaSi. miuxe

davad imisa, rom mocemul Temaze sak

maodaa kvlevebi, “interteqstis� gageba

mainc araerTmniSvnelovania. is, mini

mum, ori samecniero paradigmis CarCoe

bSi moiazreba: farTo, egreT wodebuli

radika luri koncefciis (i. kristela, m.

baxtini, J. derida, J. Jeneti da sxvebi)

da viwro, roca interteqstis gageba

daiyvaneba teqstrecipientsa da teqst

donors Soris asociaciur kavSirTa

Segnebul gamoyenebamde (i. arnoldi, v.

CerniSevskaia, u. eko, m. pfliteri da sxve

bi). Tuki ganvixilavT inerteqstualobis

saSualebebs, interteqstis figurebs,

maT urTierTobas sxva figurebTan, vnax

67

avT, rom sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa Sexed

ulebebi ufro metad ar emTxveva erT

maneTs. avtorTa umravlesoba Tanxmdeba

imaze, rom termini “interteqstualoba

misi Sinaarsis ukiduresi gaurkvevlobi

sa da bundovanebis gamo, rTuli gamo

sayenebelia�.

v.moskvini amgvar “bundovanebasa da

gaurkvevlobas� ori mizeziT xsnis:

pirveli mdgomareobs imaSi, rom inter

teqsti xSirad aRiqmeba rogorc elemen

taruli, daunawevrebeli movlena. Tum

ca, yuradRebiT Seswavlisas SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom interteqstis kategoria

warmodgenilia qvetipTa gverdiT. meore

mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sxvisi

metyvelebis gamoyenebis (interteqstis

figurebi) xerxebis amomwuravi defini

cia dRemde araa mocemuli. magaliTad,

gamonaTqvami “citireba damowmebis ga

reSe� SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc apli

kacia, an aluzia. interteqstualobis

samecniero gageba Tanamedrove enaTmec

nierebis ganviTarebis Sedegia, Tumca in

terteqstis fenomens SeiZleba SevxvdeT

mravalsaukunovan teqstebSic. miuxeda

vad imisa, rom “teqsti teqstSi� Sei

Zleba aRmoCndes klasikur da antikur

literaturaSic, termini “interteqs

tualoba� SemoiRo enisa da literatu

ris frangma mkvlevarma iulia kriste

vam 1967 w. aprilSi, m.baxtinis ideaTa

gaazre basa da ganviTarebaze miZRvnil

statiaSi “poetikis ganadgureba� (Jur

nali “Critique�).

ZiriTadi nawili

filologiuri mecnierebisaTvis mov

lena _ ,,teqsti teqstSi� gansakuTrebiT

sainteresoa, igi Seiswavlis teqsts

mxatv ruli da esTetikuri kuTxidan da

wyebuli, argumentirebuli, damajere

beli metyvelebis formis funqciuri

Se saZleblobebiT damTavrebuli, magram

interteqstualobis Seswavlis pro

cesSi Tavs iCens uamravi kiTxva, rom

lebzec mecnierebs an erTmaneTis sawi

naaRmdego pasuxebi aqvT, an saerTod ar

pasuxoben. dRemde ar arsebobs erTiani

azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeiZleba CaiT

valos interteqstualobis fenomenad,

ras SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT movlena, ro

melic ganapirobebs teqstSi msgavsi

teqstis gaCenas. (magaliTad, Rirs Tu

ara, ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan teqs

tobrivi da istoriuli aluzia; Sesa

Zlebelia Tu ara interteqstis figu

rad CaiTvalos ,,interteqstSinaarsi�

da a.S.). ufro metic, wamoiWreba kiTxva:

SesaZlebelia Tu ara, SeviswavloT ,,te

qsti teqstSi� imis gaTvaliswinebis ga

reSe, TuUras miviCnevT Cven ,,teqstad�,

vinaidan, interteqstualobisa da te

qstis fenomenic sxvadasxva mecnierTa

mier, sxvadasxvagvaradaa axsnili.

ufro meti kiTxva Cndeba, Tu inter

teqstualobas ganvixilavT ara mxolod

Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT, aramed praq

tikulad, ,,cxovrebaSi CaZirvisas�, anu

Tematuri diskursis CarCoebSi. amasTan

erTad, SesaZlebelia CavTvaloT, rom

sxvadasxva tipis diskursSi teqstsa

da interteqsts SesaZlebelia hqondeT

sruliad gansxvavebuli ganmsazRvreli

kriteriumebi, araerTgvarovani Tvisebebi

da maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi.

mxolod am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas

SegviZlia ufro detalurad ganvixi

loT interteqstis TiToeuli figura,

gavaanalizoT misi funqciuri SesaZle

blobebi da amosaxsneli komunikaci

uri amocanebi. mocemuli faqtis gaTva

liswinebiT, Cven unda ganvsazRvroT

zemoaRniSnuli mcnebebi da maTi funq

cionirebis Taviseburebebi im aspeqtTa

farglebSi, romlebic Cveni kvlevis

mizans warmoadgens.

68

pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu ras SeiZleba vu

wodoT teqsti, filologiur mecniere

baSi dRemde araerTgvarovania. teqstis

gageba meryeobs sakmaod farTo CarCoSi:

erTsityviani gamonaTqvamidan an sim

bolodan, komentarebian da saTaurian

wignamde. amasTan, sametyvelo monakve

Tis teqstisTvis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi

ar Semoifargleba mxolod misi gan

fenilobiT an saTauris qonaarqoniT.

teqstis Teoriaze sxvadasxva azris

mixedviT arsebobs iseTi kriteriumebi,

romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac mkvlevrebi

sametyvelo monakveTs miakuTvneben te

qsts: werilobiTi forma, dasrulebu

loba, informaciuloba, interteqstua

luri kavSirebis pragmatuli ganwyoba,

leqsikuri da gramatikuli gamarTulo

ba da sxva. Tumca, Cveni xedviT, teqstis

yvela es niSani damaxasiaTebelia e.w.

idealuri teqstisTvis, praqtikaSi ki

isini SeiZleba meryeobdes teqstis fun

qcionirebis sociolingvisturi Sepi

robebiT. swored amitom, dRes ar arse

bobs teqstis aRiarebuli definicia da

ver Tanxmdebian teqsturi kategoriis

gansazRvrebaze. Sesabamisad, konkretu

li institucionaluri diskursis far

glebSi SegviZlia visaubroT teqstebis

Taviseburebebsa da aradamaxasiaTebel

niSnebze, roca teqstualobis ase Tu

ise realizebuli kriteriumebis nakrebi

SeiZleba iyos araerTgvarovani. naTqva

mis konteqstidan gamomdinare, Sevecde

biT ganvixiloT teqstis Taviseburebani

deteqtiuri romanis prizmaSi.

interteqstualuri CanarTebis mni

Svnelobis gansazRvrisas SeuZlebelia

ar SevexoT termin ,,diskurss�. man myarad

moikida fexi Tanamedrove humanitarul

mecnierebaTa paradigmaSi da gamoiyeneba

ara marto konkretulad lingvistur,

aramed filosofiur, litmcodneobiT,

fsiqologiur, sociologiur da poli

tologiur kvlevebSi. misi gamoyenebis

aseTi masStaburoba ganapiroba, pirvel

rigSi, am terminis ganmartebis araerT

mniSvnelovnebam.

Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi diskur

si xSirad aixsneba, rogorc ,,movlenis

aspeqtSi aRebuli teqsti�, yuradReba

maxvildeba urTierTobaze. bevri mkvle

vari (v.demiankovi, g. sliSkini, t. milevs

kaia, e. Cerniavskaia da sxvebi) diskur

sis gansazRvrisas aRniSnavs mis eTno

specifikurobas _ erovnul mentalite

tTan da kulturasTan kavSirs.

zogi lingvisti (a. kibriki, v. kra snixi...)

xazs usvams diskursis orbunebovnebas,

rameTu igi Tavis TavSi moicavs sametyve

loazrovnebiTi moRva weobis processac

da mis Sedegsac. Tavis mxriv, e. kubria

kova yuradRebas ama xvilebs imaze, rom

,,diskursSi unda vigulisxmoT swored

kognituri procesi, romelic dakavSire

bulia realur sityvaTwarmoebasTansi

tyvieri nawarmoebis SeqmnasTan, teqsti

ki warmoadgens sametyvelo moRvaweobis

procesis sa boloo Sedegs, romelic

gadmoiRvreba garkveul dasrulebul

(da dafiqsirebul) formad�. mkiTxveli,

Seicnobs ra realur samyaros, rogorc

mravalzomians, gadalaxavs mis sivrciT

droul CarCoebs da iZireba erTerT

,,SesaZle bel samyaroSi�. interteqstua

loba da maxasiaTebelia nebismieri tipis

diskursisTvis, zogierTi maTganisTvis

ki, maT Soris deteqtiuri JanrisTvis, is

xdeba diskursis warmomqmneli.

termini ,,interteqstualoba� lingvis

tikaSi Semoitana iulia kristevam 1967

wels. man ganaviTara m.baxtinis ideebi

mxatvruli sityvis dialogurobaze.

misi ganmartebiT, ,,nebismieri teqsti

igeba, rogorc citaciis mozaika, nebi

smieri teqsti esaa romelime sxva te

qstis transformacia da Sewova�. Ta

vis mxriv, r. barti werda: ,,yoveli te

69

qsti aris Zveli, citatebisgan naqsovi

axali qsovili. kulturuli kodebis,

formulebis, ritmuli struqturebis

nawyvetebi, socialur idiomaTa frag

mentebi da a.S. eseni yvela, teqstis

mieraa SeTvisebuli da masSia Sereuli,

radgan teqstamde da mis garSemo yo

velTvis arsebobs ena. rogorc nebis

mieri teqstisTvis aucilebeli winapi

roba, interteqstualoba ar daiyvaneba

wyaroebisa da gavlenis problemamde; is

warmoadgens anonimur formulaTa saer

To vels, maTi warmomavlobis dadgena

iSviaTadaa SesaZlebeli, esaa ubrWyale

bod mocemuli Seucnobeli an avtoma

turi citata...�

Tanamedrove kvlevebSi interteqstua

loba, rogorc teqstebs Soris urTi

erTqmedebis Teoria, ganixileba or

gvarad: farTod (interteqstis litmco

dneobiTi koncefcia) da viwrod (in

terteqstis lingvisturi koncefcia).

farTo modelis Sesabamisad, yoveli

teqsti ganixileba, rogorc interteqsti,

e. i. im universaluri teqstis nawili,

romelzec is mTlianadaa damokidebu

li. interteqstualobis viwro modeli

fokusirebulia teqstTaSorisi kavSi

rebis cnobieri da markirebuli gamo

yenebis kvlevaze.

XX saukunis 80iani wlebis bolosa

da 90iani wlebis dasawyisSi literatu

ris istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili

daikava postmodernizmma, romelic ru

seTSi ufro gvian ganviTarda, vidre ev

ropasa da amerikaSi. rusuli, evropuli

da amerikuli postmodernistuli lit

eraturis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoad

gens e.w. postmodernis deteqtiuri ro

manebi istoriul Tematikaze. XX sauku

nis 90ian wlebSi rusul literatu raSi

pirvelad gamoCnda ruseTis istori

isadmi miZRvnili deteqtiuri romanebi.

boris akuninis istoriul Tematikaze

Seqmnili deteqtiuri romanebi avsebs ev

ropul da amerikul postmodernistul

warsulisaken mibrunebis aqtualur li

teraturul tendencias. Tanamedrove

rusuli istoriografiuli metaprozis

magaliTia, nawilobriv, bo ris akuninis

,,fandorinis cikli�. am ciklis romanebi

sTvisac, rogorc Tanamedrove evropu

li da amerikuli istoriografiuli

metaromanebisTvis, damaxasiaTebelia

da u mtkicebeli da mra valvariantiani

istoriis aRqmis Se narCuneba. XX sau

kunis bolosa da XXI saukunis da

sawyisis istoriografiuli metaromani

ganze dgas teqstis postmodernistuli

organizaciis principebisagan, radgan

isic ganicdis XXXXI saukunis mijnaze

msoflioSi kulturuli situaciisTvis

damaxasiaTebel, e. w. `masizaciis proce

sis~ wnexs. swored am procesma moitana

Tanamedrove mxatvruli sityvis tenden

cia da nawilobriv, boris akuninis is

toriul Tematikaze Seqmnili romanebi

gaxda xelmisawvdomi, anu mkiTxvelTa

farTo wreebisTvis advilad aRsaqmeli

da gasagebi.

boris akuninis romanebis interteqs

tualuri sivrce moicavs _ dostoevs

kis romanebs: ,,idioti~, ,,danaSauli da

sasjeli�, ,,Zmebi karamazovebi�; gogo

lis ,,revizors� da ,,mkvdar sulebs�;

XIX saukunis lirikul poezias... aseTi

farTo aluziuroba, reminiscenciebi aq

tualurs xdis XIX saukunis qronolo

giur CarCoebSi Cateul movlenaTa isto

riul namdvilobas. akuninis romanebis

teqstebis interteqstualoba xasiaT

deba da dafuZnebulia evropul li

teraturul tradiciebTan asociaciur

kavSirebze. erast fandorini SeiZleba

aRviqvaT, rogorc sinTezi kognitiur

semantikuri komponentebisa Serlok

holm sis, vilhelm baskervilelis, princ

florizelis saxeebisa. roman ,,korona

70

ciaSi� msaxurTufrosis dRiuri, memua

ruli Janris niSnebis matarebeli, aso

ciaciur kavSirSia k. isiguros romanTan

,,dRis monarCeni�. erast fandorinis Se

saxeb romanebis interteqstualoba upi

ratesad eqsplicituria (gansazRvruli,

araorazrovani), rac SesaZlebels xdis

gamoviyenoT aluziebi da reminiscen

ciebi avtoris filologiuri rebusebis

amosaxsnelad. boris akuninTan inter

teqstualoba Tavis zeamocanas aseve

warmatebiT xsnis: avtori mkiTxvelTa

yuradRebas amaxvilebs udides rusul

klasikur literaturaze zedmeti mora

lis gareSe, Tan aRviZebs interess ru

seTis istoriisa da kulturisadmi, fan

dorinis mosazrebebi rusuli saxelm

wifoebriobis TviTmyofadobaze, erze,

demokratiaze, liberalizmze mxatvrul

teqstebs aqtualobas aniWebs.

boris akuninis romanebSi interteqs

tualoba mxatvruli teqstis kognitur

semantikur potencials aRrmavebs, mra

valmxriv xorcs asxams siuJetwarmo

mqmnel da kompoziciur funqciebs, ri

Tac is xdeba saavtoroindividua luri

samyaros suraTisa da mwerlis teqstebis

konceptosferoebis organizaciis domi

nanturi saSualeba.

daskvna

postmodernistuli deteqtiuri roma

nis Seswavlam gviCvena, rom XX saukunis

bolo mesamedidan dRemde mimdinareobs

misi TandaTanobiTi ganviTareba. boris

akunini aRadgens XIX saukunis rusuli

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis suraTebs

_ esaa aluzia didi rusi mwerlebis

Semoqmedebidan,romelSic mniSvnelovani

adgili uWiravs rusuli sazogadoebis

sxvadasxva fenis cxovrebis, maTi msofl

mxedvelobis, yofis, tradiciebis, rusuli

inteligenciis cxovrebis wesis aRweras.

deteqtiuri romanis Janruli Tavise

burebebi gulisxmobs mraval inteteqs

tur CanarTs, romlebSic, rogorc wesi,

moiazreba precedentuli saxelebi da

gamonaTqvamebi. isini mkiTxvels gzav

nian precedentul teqstebTan, romelic

ganixileba, rogorc garkveuli kul

turisa da enis TaviseburebaTa arekv

lis erTerTi saSualeba. igi kultu

raTSorisi da enaTSorisi komunikaciis

farglebSi xSirad gamodis kulturuli

fondis lakunis rolSi da miuTiTebs,

rom ,,ar aris Tanxvedra codnis im kom

pleqsSi (maragSi), romelsac floben

sxvadasxva lingvokulturul erTobaTa

,,tipuri� warmomadgenlebi�.

literatura 1. Акунин Б. Ф. М. (2016): Электрон. б-ка

РусЛит. URL: http://www.ruslit.net/preview2. Акунин Б. Ф. М. (2016): Электрон. б-ка

РусЛит. URL: http://www.ruslit.net/preview3. Арутюнова Н. Д. (1990): Дискурс //

Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. М.: Советская энциклопедия

4. Барт Р. (1989): Избранные работы. Семиотика. Поэтика. М.: Прогресс

5. Гришаева Л. В. (2008): Прецедентный текст как универсальное средство передачи и хранения культурной информации // Политическая лингвистика. № 1 (24)

6. Деррида Ж. Деконструкция: триалог в Иерусалиме / Ж. Деррида, Д. Хартман, В. Изер; [пер. с англ. В. Мерлина] [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: www.gumer.info/bogoslov_Buks/Philos/Derr/dekon.php.

7. Завьялова Г. А. (2013): Прецедентный текст как средство пародирования детективного дискурса // Вестн. Кемеровского гос. ун-та № 1 (53).

8. Ильин И. П. (1966): Постструктурализм. Деконструктивизм. Постмодернизм. - М.: Интрада

71

9. Кашкин В. Б. (2005): Сопоставительные исследования дискурса // Концептуальное про-странство языка. Тамбов: ТГУ

10. Кемеров В. (1998)): Постмодернизм. // Философская энциклопедия. - М.: Панпринт [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: www.terme.ru/ dictionary/183/word/%CF%CE%D 1%D2%CC%CE%C4%C5%D0% CD%C8%C7%CC.

11. Кибрик А. А. (2009): Модус, жанр и другие параметры классификации дискурсов. Вопросы языкознания. Вып. 2

12. Красных В.В. (1999): Структура комму-никации в свете лингвокогнитивного подхода (коммуникативный акт, дискурс, текст): авто-реф. дис. д-ра филол. наук: 10.02.19. М.

13. Кристева Ю. (2000): Бахтин, слово, диа-лог и роман // Французская семиотика: от струк-турализма к постструктурализму / пер. с франц., сост., вступ. ст. Г. К. Косикова. М.: Прогресс

14. Кубрякова Е. С. (1995): Эволюция линг-вистических идей во второй половине ХХ века (опыт парадигмального анализа) // Язык и наука конца ХХ века. М.: Рос. гуманит. ун-т

Концепт интертекстуальности в детективных романах

Джапошвили Тамар ТамазовнаГрузинский университет им. Андрея ПервозванногоФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №53а, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел: 577 111 728E-mail : [email protected]

РезюмеДетективный роман всегда пользовался успе-ективный роман всегда пользовался успе-

хом у читателей. Детективные романы Акунина по праву заняли значимое место на литературном поприще в нашей стране, и активно переводятся на другие языки. Вопросы интертекстуальности в творчестве Акунина занимают особое место,

поскольку являются методом акцентирования внимания читателя, формируют восприятие произведения и способствуют активизации чита-тельского интереса. Фигуры интертекста имеют значимый потенциал для решения коммуника-тивных задач, стоящих перед автором. Предмет исследования - методы реализации возможно-стей интертекстуальных включений в детектив-ных романах Б. Акунина

Ключевые слова:Акунин, интертекстуальность, концепт, текст

в тексте, историографическая метапроза, дис-курс, аллюзия.

The concept of Intertextuality in Detective Novels

Tamar Japhoshvili St. Andrei Pervozvanni's Georgian UniiversityFaculty of Humanities53 a, I.Chavchavadze av, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel: 577 111 728E-mail: [email protected]

ResumeA detective novel has always been a huge success

with readers. Detective novels by B. Akunin took a significant place on the literary platform in our coun-try, and actively translated into other languages. In-tertextuality issues in the work of B. Akunin has a special place, because they are a method of focusing the attention of the reader, form the perception of the work and contribute to the activation of reader interest. The figures of the intertextuality have a sig-nificant potential for solving communicative prob-lems facing the author.The subject of research is the methods of realizing the possibilities of intertextual inclusions in detective novels of B. Akunin.

Keywords:Akunin, intertexstuality, texs in the text, histo-

riographical metafiction, discourse, allusion.

72

Targmani

TranslationПеревод

73

d. langis mier inglisur enaze Targmnili „qarTveli wmindanebis cxovrebaTa da wamebaTa krebulis“ u. e. d. aleniseuli recenzia

qarTul enaze

svetlana barbaqaZe

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda

andria pirvelwodebulis qarTuli

universiteti


i.WavWavaZisgamz. 53 a. Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 57744374

e-mail: [email protected]

reziume1956 w. inglisSi gamoica cnobili

ingliseli qarTvelologis d. m. lan

gis mier inglisur enaze Targmnili

„qarTveli wmindanebis cxovrebaTa da

wamebaTa krebuli“ („Lives and Legends of the Georgian Saints.“). esaa qarTuli agiografi

uli Zeglebis inglisuri Semoklebuli

Targmanebi. gamoqveynebisTanave, am wigns

dadebiTi recenzia uZRvna u. e. d. alen

ma „londonis universitetis aRmosavle

Tisa da afrikamcodneobis moambis XIX

tomis 1 nakveTSi. winamdebare naSromSi

ucvlelad gTavazobT u. e. d. alenis

mier wignisadmi miZRvnil „qarTveli

wmindanebis cxovrebaTa da wamebaTa kre

bulis“ recenzias.

originali teqstebidan SerCeuli

da naTargmni „qarTveli wmindanebis

cxovreba da maT Sesaxeb Tqmuli legen-

debi,“ Sesrulebuli d. m. langis mier.

(aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eTikuri

da religiuri klasika, №15) 180-e gv.ruka.

londoni: Sps George Allen & Unwin, niu iorki: kompania „makmilani“,1956 w.

am seriis redaqtorebi Tanxmdebi

an, rom msoflios mniSvnelovani qris

tianuli, aseve, araqristianuli eTikuri

da religiuri Sedevrebi ara eqspertis

donis, Tumca, inteleqtualuri mkiTx

velisTvis advilad xelmisawvdomi

unda iyos. am sasargeblo da ambiciur

proeqtSi uamravi gamorCeuli mwerali

CaerTo. doqtor langis mier masSi Set

anili wvlili kompetentur standarts

adgens. „qarTveli wmindanebis cxovrebi

sa da legendebis“ Sesaxeb misi mokle

mimoxilva martivad da axladdawer

ilia. igi wmindanTa biografebs saSu

alebas aZlevs, wignebsa da xSirad rTu

lad xelmisawvdom gamocemebSi, ramden

ime enaze redaqtirebuli, inglisurad

naTargmni teqstebidan maT (wmindanTa)

Sesaxeb ufro meti faqti gadmoscen. 90

wlis win, malanma platon ioselianis

„saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istori

is“ inglisuri versia gamoaqveyna. mas

Semdeg, inglisur enaze gamoqveynebuli

erTaderTi seriozuli naSromi iyo

“wminda ninos cxovreba�, romelic 1900

wels marjori da oliver uordropebma

Targmnes Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica-Si. Jurnal „analeqta bolandianaSi“ (“Analecta Bollandiana�) gamoqveynebuli paul peeter

sis mniSvnelovani kvlevebi saqarTvelos

istoriis bevri moyvarulisTvis cnobi

lia, Tumca, doqtorma langma realuri

Zalisxmeva gaswia, raTa ZiriTadi mkiTx

velebisTvis xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo

wm. grigol xanZTelisadmi miZRvnili aw

gardacvlili n. i. maris iSviaTi naS

romidan amonaridebi da k. kekeliZis kv

levis detalebi wminda daviT garejis

Sesaxeb, romelic, doqtor langis swo

ri SefasebiT, wminda frensis namdvili

winapari iyo. (aRsaniSavia, rom axlaxan,

pavle ingoroyvam grigol xanZTelis me

74

matianis, giorgi merCulis Sesaxeb 1000

mde gverdiani tomi Seadgina, romelic

Tanamedrove qarTuli narkvevebis Zeg

lia).

qarTveli wmindanebis „cxovrebas�

mravali aspeqti aqvs, romelsac SeuZlia

mecnierebis mizidva. filologebisTvis

naTelia am adreuli Sua saukuneebis

teqs tebis mniSvneloba. ufro metic, doq

tori langi ixsenebs, rom „1901 wlisTvis,

adolf fon harnaks berlinis akademiis

naSromebSi gamoqveynebuli hqonda „wmin

da evstaTis cxovrebis“ teqstis german

uli varianti“ detaluri komentarebis

darTviT, romelSic aRniSnulia bibliis

literaturul teqstTan dakavSirebiT

gamoTqmuli azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da xa

zgasmulia misi mniSvneloba bibliuri

kvlevebiTvis. man gansakuTrebuli yur

adReba dauTmo aTi mcnebis saintereso

zebunebriv formulirebas, aseve, samu

elis mier aRweril qristes cxovrebaSi

garkveul elementebs, romelic tatianes

„diatesarons“ exmaureba da Tvlis, rom

adreul epoqaSi qarTuli eklesia sa

kuTar „diatesarons“ flobda.

Razis maxloblad moRvawe maiumis

episkoposis wminda petre iberielis

cxovreba (40988), romelsac doqtori

langi jerovnad axasiaTebs, rogorc me

brZol (samxedro) askets, bizantiuri

eklesiis istoriis SemswavlelisTvis

mniSvnelovania. marTlac, es araCveu

lebrivi kaci Tanamedrove fsiqiatrisT

vis saintereso unda iyos. bizantiaSi

mZevlad gagzavnil ganebivrebul axal

gazrda ufliswuls Tavisi Subosnebic

ki ver eguebodnen. “rodesac jer kidev

bavSvi iyo“, transcendentuli azrovne

ba da samebis miseuli interpretaciis

gamoxatvis Zala hqonda (langi,gv. 62).

grigol xanZTeli (759861), kidev

erTi didi “politikuri� wmindani, saqa

rTvelos istoriis udavod erTerTi

damfuZnebeli moRvawe iyo. (am sakiTx

Tan dakavSirebiT, Cem naSromSi mas Za

lian cota yuradReba davuTme, Tumca, aw

gardacvlilma n. i. marma keTili neba

gamoiCina da,zogierTi Sotlandiuri

leqsikonis sanacvlod, gamomigzavna

„wmindanis cxovrebis Sesaxeb teqsti da

somxurqarTuli filologiuri kvl

evani, wigni V). wminda grigoli qarT

vel mmarTvelTa sam Taobas xelmZRvan

elobda da Woroxis xeobaSi erTgvari

samonastro respublika Seqmna. grigol

xanZTeli mefis pirad cxovrebaSi Cae

ria da mis satrfos aiZula monazvnad

aRkveciliyo. ra Tqma unda, igi ufro

warmatebuli aRmoCnda, vidre sami sau

kunis Semdeg Tomas beketi, Tumca, al

baT aSot kurapalats ar smenoda hen

ri II is normanuli furoris Sesaxeb.

wmindanma samonastro respublikaSi ar

amarTlmadidebluri, amoraluri qcev

ebi aRkveTa, Tumca, rogorc Cans, sakuTar

Tavs garkveul Tavisuflebas aniWebda

(doqtori langi taqtikurad tovebs Ses

abamis citatas). (wmindanis) „cxovrebis“

sruli aRwera, albaT, me11 saukuneSi

arsebuli pirobebis yvelaze TvalsaC

ino suraTia. aranakleb mniSvnelovania

topografiuli detalebi, ramac mars

ubiZga aRewera misi „cxovreba“, rogorc

“qarTveli badekeri�. erT dResac, Sesa

Zloa, maris inglisurenovani gamocema

xelmisawvdomi gaxdes.

“aTonelebis cxovreba� aTonis iver

Ta monastrisa da meaTe saukunis bi

zantiuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb detalur

informacias gvawvdis. magram am qarT

velTa “cxovrebis“ gansakuTrebuli max

asiaTeblebia humanurobis Tavisebure

bani, romelic Soreuli warsulis auras

ufro metad avlens, vidre saeklesio da

genealogiuri diskusiis Canawerebi. am

75

denad, Cven vikvlevT barda skliarosis

dammarcxebel eriskac ber Tornike eri

sTavis Sesaxeb, romlis mier moxveWili

alafiTac iveronis monasteri gamdi

drda.

“didi Tornike jariskacad iwvrTne

boda da samxedro cxovrebaSi erTve

boda, amasTan, igi siamovnebiT ismenda

Tqmulebebs saomari Tavgadasavlebis

Sesaxeb; gamoCenili da pativcemuli ma

makacebi masTan sasaubrod dadiodnen...

rodesac ioanem es SeniSna, SiSobda, rom

es mokrZalebuli adamiani erTgvar su

lier zians ganicdida. amitom, mama ioa

nem mas mimarTa: „Zvirfaso Zmao, me ar

minda gadaWarbebuli sulgrZelobiT

sulierad dagaziano. axla Tavi Seikave

am miwier Temebze saubrisgan da amieri

dan aravis daelaparako, garda mama ga

brielisa.“ amis Semdeg, igi monastris sa

Zmosac ki aRar ekontaqteboda, mxolod

zogierT stumars Tu etyoda ramdenime

sityvas (langi, gv. 160).

wminda euTimiusis ambavi konstanti

nopolis erTerT quCaze oCani joridan

misi sabediswero gadmovardna saukeTe

so naSromia. (langi, gv. 164).

zogjer personaluri detalebis

amgvari bunebrivi winaswari floba gan

sakuTrebiT Rirebulia ufro adreul

periodSi moRvawe wmindanebis „cxovre

baSi�. wminda ninos cxovreba avlens

kavkasiaSi dasaxlebuli ebraelebis

tradicias, romelic qristes jvarc

mis periods miekuTvneba. me4 saukuneSi

saqarTvelos gaqristianeba urbnisis

ebraul koloniebsa (uriaT ubanisi =

ebraelTa qalaqi ‘Jewstown’) da mcxeTas

ukavSirdeba; xolo qristianuli gavle

na ikveTeba ebraelebis gaqristianebiT

(erTierTi aseTi magaliTi, rogorc

Cans, Tavad wminda nino iyo). kavkasieli

ebraelebis gavlena (mogvianebiT) vol

gis teritoriaze warmoSobil xazarTa

saxakanosa da aSqenazis formirebaze

mniSvnelovani Temaa, romelic unda ga

nixilebodes qarTuli wyaroebis meS

veobiT (i.javaxiSvils am problemis

anTropologiur aspeqtebze raime azri

unda gamoeTqva).

wminda SuSanikisa da wminda evstaTis

(mewaRis) „cxovreba“ unikalurad war

moaCens iranelTa batonobisdroindel

saqarTvelos. magaliTad, mewaReebisa

da TerZebis mWidro gildis organiza

ciis arseboba cxadia. gildis wevrebs

sakuTari ideologia hqondaT. Sesabam

isad, baRdadeli menelsacxeblis, wm.

abos „cxovreba“ asaxavs iberiaSi, af

xazeTsa da xazareTSi arsebul mdgo

mareobas adreuli xalifatis periodSi.

“pilates Tema� ikveTeba sparsi da arabi

mmarTvelebis SedarebiT humanur buneba

Si, romlebic religiuri enTuziastebis

winaaRmdeg saxelmwifo kanonebis admin

istrirebis aucileblobis problemis

winaSe idgnen. mowameobrivi propagan

dis Rirebuleba naTelia am antikuri

dramebis orive mxarisTvis, xolo xe

lisufleba Tavaziani formiT meryeobs

enTuziastis mimarT humanuri simpa

Tiis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, rac

miuTiTebs moralis arsebobaze adminis

traciis am rTuli da mudmivi prob

lematikis fonze.

doqtori langi teqsts Tan urTavs

mokle, magram sasargeblo bibliografi

ul SeniSvnas.

v.e.d. aleni

literatura:

http://www.jstor.org/stable/609652

76

Рецензия У. Е. Д. Алена на сборник перевода Лангом на Англиский язык „Житие и

мученичество грузинских святых“

Светлана БарбакадзеГрузинский университет им. Андрея ПервозванногоФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №53а, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел: 577 443 374E-mail: [email protected]

РезюмеСборник «Житие и легенды грузинских свя-

тых» был выбран и переведен с текстаа-ориги-нала и был опубликован известным английским ученым Дэвидом Маршаллом Лангом в 1956 году. Это был краткий перевод старой грузин-ской агиографической литературы. Вскоре, по-сле публикации книги, доктор Алан написал ре-цензию о книге в бюллетени школы восточных и африканских исследований, Лондонский Уни-верситет, т. 19 №1 (1957), стр.181-183.

Ключевые слова: Агиографическое, священное, Ланг, переводы,

Григол Хандзтели, Святая Нино, мученичество, житие.

D. Alain review on D. Lang's Translation onto English „Lives and Martyrdoms of the Georgian Saints“

Svetlana BarbakadzeSt. Andrew the first-Called Georgian University of the Patriarchate of GeorgiaFaculty of Humanities53 a, I. Chavchavadze av., Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel: 577 443 374E-mail: [email protected]

AbstractThe collection of the “Lives and Legends of

the Georgian Saints” selected and translated from the original texts was published by a famous Eng-lish scientist David Marshall Lang in 1956. These are short translated works of the old Georgian Ha-giographical Literature. Soon, after publishing the book, W. E. D. Alan wrote an excellent review about the book in the Bulletin of the school of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,Vol.19 No. 1 (1957), pp.181-183.

Keywords: Hagiographical, ecclesiastical, Lang, translation,

Gregory of Khandzta, St. Nino, martyrdom, live

77

Scripta manent №3(35)-2017

avtorebi

ciuri axvlediani _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univerivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univerTbilisis saxelmwifo universaxelmwifo univer

siteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologia, filolo

giur mecnierebaTa doqtori, emeritusprofesori

qeTevan gabunia _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteTbilisis saxelmwifo universitesaxelmwifo universite

ti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologiis mimarTulebis

xelmZRvaneli, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, profesori

marina zoranianiE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalurmecnierebaTa

departamenti, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, asocirebuli profesori

fiqria WuluxaZeE _ saqarTvelos universiteti, evropuli enebisa da filologiis

departamentis doqtoranti

maia javaxiZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologia, filologiis aka

demiuri doqtori, asocirebuli profesorimarine jaSiE _ ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis fakulte

ti, filologiis doqtori, asocirebuli profesoriTamar jafoSviliE _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sa

xelobis qarTuli universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtoranti

nino falavandiSviliE _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sa xelobis qarTuli universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtoranti

nino zaaliSviliE _ Telavis iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti

lia ruxiaSvili _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite

ti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtorantisvetlana barbaqaZeE _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis

sa xelobis qarTuli universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtoranti

78

Scripta manent

Jurnalis redkolegia

maia CxeiZe _ saqarTvelos universiteti, enebis departamentis xelmZRvaneli,

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

rusudan TabukaSvili _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalur mecniere

baTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, profesori

viola furcelaZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite

ti, filolo giis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

ia CiqviniZe _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa depar

tamenti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asocirebuli profesori

hans rudiger fluki _ boxumis universitetis profesori, filolo giis mecniere

baTa doqtori

kulpaS beibitova _ evraziis gumiliovis sax. erovnuli universitetis profesori,

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori (q. astana)

tania grishameri _ filolo giis magistri (DAAD)

qeTevan gabunia _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, romanu

li filologiis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, profesori

maria mixailova _ moskovis lomonosovis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis sru

li profesori, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, ruseTis sabunebis metyvelo

akademiis akademikosisilvia boteva _ sofiis wminda klement ohridelis saxelobis universiteti, roma

nuli filologiis departamentis xelmZRvaneli, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

tatiana megreliSvili _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalur mec

nierebaTa departamenti, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesorialba graciano _ italiis q. tuscias universiteti, enebis centris direqtori,

filologiis doqtori, profesorialesandra spadafora _ italiis q. tuscias universiteti, ene bis centri, filolo

giis doqtori, asocirebuli profesorigiorgi yufaraZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asocirebuli profesori

rusudan gociriZeE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, profesori, oqsfordis sauni

versiteto sazogadoebis asocirebuli wevri

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Редколлегия журнала

Майя Чхеидзе – Грузинский университет, руководитель департамента языков, доктор филологических наук, профессор

Русудан Табукашвили – Грузинский технический университет, департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, профессор

Виола Пурцеладзе – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, доктор фи-ло логических наук, профессор

Ия Чиквинидзе – Грузинский технический университет, департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, ассоциированный профессор

Ганс Руддигер Флук – Профессор Бохумского университета, доктор филологических наук, профессорКульпаш Бейбитова – Профессор национального университета Евразии им. Гумилева (г. Астана),

доктор филологических наукТаня Грисхаммер – Магистр филологии (DAAD)Кетеван Габуния – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, факультет

гуманитарных наук, академический доктор филологии, руководитель направления романской филологии, профессор

Мария Михайлова – Московский государственный университет им. М. Ломоносова, доктор филологических наук, профессор, академик Российской Академии Естественных Наук (PAEH)

Сильвия Ботева – Софийский университет им. Святого Клемента Охридского, руководитель департамента романской филологии, профессор

Татьяна Мегрелишвили – Грузинский технический университет, департамент либеральных наук, доктор филологических наук, профессор

Альба Грациано – Университет г. Тусция (Италия), директор центра языков, профессорАлессандра Спадафора – Университет г. Тусция (Италия), доктор филологии, ассоциированный

профессор центра языков Георгий Купарадзе – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, факультет

гуманитарных наук, академический доктор филологии, ассоциированный профессор Русудан Гоциридзе – Грузинский технический университет, департамент либеральных

наук, академический доктор филологии, профессор, ассо циированный член Оксфордского Университетского Общества

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Editorial board

Maia Chkheidze – Head of the Languages Department of Georgian University, Doctor of Philological Sci-ence, Professor

Rusudan Tabukashvili – Georgian Technical University, Department of Li beral Sciences, Academic Doctor of Philology, Professor

Viola Purzeladze – Tbilisis' State University, Doctor of Philological Science, ProfessorIa Chikvinidze – Georgian Technical University, Department of Li beral Sciences, Academic Doctor of Philol-

ogy, Assosiated ProfessorHans Rudiger Fluck – Professor of the Bokhums' University, Doctor of Philological

ScienceKulpash Beibitova – Gumilev's National Eurasian University (Astana), Doctor of Philological Science, Pro-

fessorTanya Griskhamer – Master of Philology (DAAD)Ketevan Gabunia – Tbilisis' State University, Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences, Head of the Dirrection in

Romanian Philology, Academic Doctor of Philology, ProfessorMaria Mikhailova – Moscow's State University, doctor of Philological Science, the academician of Russian

Academy on the Nature Study (RANS) Sylvia Boteva – Sofia's Uniersity of Holy Klement Okhridsky, the leader of the romanian philology depart-

ment, professor Tatiana Megrelishvili – Georgian Technical University, Department of Li beral Sciences, Doctor of Philologi-

cal Science, ProfessorAlba Graziano – University of Tuscia, Italy, Language Center Director, ProfessorAlessandra Spadafora – University of Tuscia, Italy, Language Center, Doctor of Philology, Assosiated Pro-

fessorGeorgi Kuparadze – Tbilisis' State University, Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences, Academic Doctor of Phi-

lology, Associated ProfessorRusudan Gotsiridze – Georgian Technical University, Department of Li beral Sciences, Academic Doctor of

Philology, Full professor, the associate member of Oxford's University Society

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