RWANDAN GENOCIDE:THE HUTU INSURGENCY AGAINST THE TUTSI PEOPLE

BY MATT BEAL

RWANDA GEOGRAPHY

• Extremely Mountainous Country• One source of the Nile River

Example of typical mountains for Rwanda

Political Map of Rwanda

Located in Central Africa

HUTU AND TUTSI

• Origins• Very similar people

Current Tutsi President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame.

Third President of Rwanda, Hutu, Juvénal Habyarimana

WHY THE FIGHTING?• Lived in perfect harmony

prior to 1890’s• European Colonialism

• Germans- Believed only the Tutsi were fit for power

• Belgians- practiced similar policies in regards to power delegation

• Animosity begins to grow• Hutu began to resent the

power that minority Tutsi had over them.

• Tutsi began to resent Belgian control

• Hutu Control

A Rwandan man being “identified” by colonial census agents.

RWANDAN PATRIOTIC FRONT AND CIVIL WAR• The Rwandan Patriotic Front

• Formed in 1987

• In 1990 RPF invaded Rwanda and Civil War began• RPF Forces gained good ground the first two days• Used surprise and terrain to their advantage

• French intervention• Stalemate reached• Ashura Accords

• Ceasefire signed in 1993• Catastrophe• Hutu reaction

The RPF flag, still proudly used by some today.

GENOCIDE BEGINS

• Hutu Moderates Targeted as well• Gisenyi

• News of assassination spreads

• Attacks were extremely precise and coordinated

Newspaper showing the horrors of the massacre

LAST CHANCE FOR TUTSI • UN withdraws• Romeo Dallaire

• Tried to defend as many known Tutsi hideouts in Kigali as he could

• May 17,1994• RPF forces march through Kigali

AFTERMATH• Fears of retaliation

• Hutu feared Tutsi Retribution and fled across border• Tutsi in Zaire• Laws against discrimination• General to President• Trust Issues• Economic difficulties

• Currently rebounding• Rwandan Resilience Hutu refugee camp in Zaire

0-4

05-09

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

90-94

95-99

100+

-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Rwanda 1990 Population

% Females% Males

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05-09

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

90-94

95-99

100+

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rwanda 1995 Population

% Females% Males

0-4

05-09

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

90-94

95-99

100+

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rwanda 2000 Population

% Females% Males

RESOURCES• The CIA World Factbook. 2012. Rwanda. • Des Forges, A. 1999. Leave No One to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human

Rights Watch.• Freedman, S., H. Weinstein, and T. Longman. 2006. The Republic of

Rwanda. University of California Regents. • Hymowitz, S., and A. Parker. History of the Tutsi and Hutus. American

University Washington College of Law Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

• Irish, J. 2012. French probe exonerates Rwanda leader in genocide. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/10/us-rwanda- genocide-report-idUSTRE80924720120110

• Kinzer, S. 2008. A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It. London

• Orth, R. 2001. Rwanda’s Hutu Extremist Insurgency: An Eyewitness Perspective. Former US Defense Attaché in Kigali

• Prunier, G. 1995. The Rwanda Crisis. Columbia University Press. New York. The Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath.• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2000.