RWANDA GENO-CIDE

Group 3김민영 유리아 이다혜

이정희 장영주 정지윤 조수진

Contents1. Historical Background

2. Process

3. Intervention of Organization

4. Effectiveness

Rwanda

East central Africa

Historical BackgroundRwanda’s population is divided into

three ethnic groups The Hutu (85%), the Tutsi (14%) and the Twa (1%)

- Tutsi cattle breeders began arriving in the area from the Horn of Africa in the 15th century and gradually subjugated the Hutu inhabitants.

- Tutsis generally occupied the higher strata in the social system and the Hutus the lower.

- The Tutsis established a monarchy headed by a mwami (king) and a feudal hierarchy of Tutsi nobles and gentry

The German colonized Rwanda in 1894.

• They put Tutsis in roles of responsi-bility.

Following World War 1, the Belgians took control over Rwanda.

• The Belgians gave the Tutsi all the leadership positions.

In 1933, the Belgians solidified the categories of "Tutsi" and "Hutu" by identity card that labeled

them either Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa.

• In the 1950s Elite Tutis wanted independence of

Rwanda. Belgian supported Hutus to block the Tutis.

• In 1959 KingMutara Ⅲ Charles(mwami) died.

Hutu started a riot.

•1961.9 Rwanda became a republic.

• 1962 Hutus took the power of Rwanda. -Kayiband started Hutus favored policy.

• 1973 Habyarimana started dictatorial government.

1950's •Belgians gave the power to the Hutu because of the Tutsis's contention about communization. So Kayibanda lead to make the PARMEHUTU.

1962 •Under the guidance of the Hutu, Rwanda made independence. For the first time, the Hutu take power.

1962~1973 •Starting Kayibanda's despotic government.

1973 •Defence Minister Maj. Gen. Juvénal Habyarimana overthrew Kayibanda. Habyarimana started despotic government.

Progress

1987 •The RPF was created by the Tutsi refugee diaspora in Uganda.

1990•The conflict began on 1 October.

1993 •The conflict ended on 4 August with the signing of the Arusha Accords to create a power-sharing government.

1994 •The assassination of Habyarimana in April proved to be the catalyst for the Rwandan Genocide.

- Rwanda is in progress the trial of sus-pects in themassacre of 1994 continually.

- An internal trouble is over now, but the ar-rest andtrial of those who leads the Rwanda mas-sacre hasbeen made .

- The international political situation coldly changedand no longer be able to attract the interest of the developed countries.

The Most Dangerous Countries for Tourists in Maps

Paul Kagame (president of Rwanda)

UN(United Nations) - UNAMIR, ICTR

OAU(Organization of African Unity)

Intervention of IO

1. By arbitration of UN and OAU, the presi-dent Habyarimana whose origin is Hutu signed for Arusha Accords to create peace.

2. UN made UNAMIR(United Nations Assis-tance Mission for Rwanda) as a subsidiary organization only for alleviating the Rwanda civil war and sent PKO to monitor the Arusha Accords.

3. UN made cooperative aid with its own sub-orgs(UNICEF and WHO) to advance Rwanda people's living condition

4. UN sent envoy to Rwanda to find out the prime movers of the Rwanda Genocide.

5. ICTR(International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda) which is sub-org of UN has con-victed some prime movers of the genocide. (until now)

UNAMIR's main goal was assisting the Formation of the transitional government

(the government that kept peacebetween Hutu and Tutsi )

ICTR's main goal is judging people who is responsible for the Rwanda Genocide.

Effectiveness of InterventionUNAMIR1. Demand for authorization of terminate the conflict were denied2. It took 6 months for UN’s member states to supply up to 5,500 troops although urgent action and military strength was demanded.3. The lack of an amalgamated approach by the member states of the UN resulted in the failure of UNAMIR

ICTR1. Technocrats running the ICTR system have denied Rwandans the right to host the archives, which constitute an integral part of Rwanda’s history.

2. The ICTR is also accused of failing to ar-rest some of the key fugitives they in-dicted.

Movie : Hotel Rwanda

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