rutgers home gardeners school: growing …...jersey devil • color: red • shape: flat globe •...
TRANSCRIPT
Growing Tomatoes in the Home Garden
Peter Nitzsche County Agricultural Agent
Cooperative Extension of Morris County
Tomato Planting Location
• 8 hours of direct sun • well drained • no tree or shrub roots • and/or plant in container
Soil Preparation
• soil test • pH 6.0-6.5 • 3-4 lbs/100 ft2 • 5-10-5 (N-P-K) • liquid fertilizer • well rotted manure or compost
Choosing Varieties
• ‘Celebrity’ - VFFNT, 70 days, • All American Winner, mid-
season, medium red fruit, semi-determinate
• V - Verticillium wilt • F, FF - Fusarium wilt race 1, 2 • N - Nematodes • T - Tobbaco mosaic virus
Tomato Wilt Diseases
• most heirlooms not resistant • be sure to rotate
Tomato Plant Types
• Determinate • short • brief harvest • no pruning
• Semi-determinate • mid-size • mid harvest • min. pruning, support
• Indeterminate • tall • long harvest • pruning, support
Tomato Plant Types
Buying Transplants
• look for dark green, short, sturdy seedlings
• avoid tall, leggy, yellowish plants, with immature fruit
Starting Tomato Transplants
• 5-7 weeks before frost • Clean potting mix • 70 F day 65 F night • Lots of sunlight or artificial light
Mulches
• help control weeds • help manage soil moisture • influence soil temperature
Transplanting
• Plant deep • Transplant solution • or liquid fertilizer
Tomato Training
• Ground Culture • Inexpensive • low work • takes a lot of space • fruit pest damage
Tomato Training
• Cage culture • cost of cage • some work • less pests • high yield
Tomato Training
• Stake Culture • cost of stakes • work of tying & pruning • early fruit • less pests • medium yields
To Prune or Not to Prune
• Advantages • earlier, larger fruit
• Disadvantages • decreased total yield • more blossom end rot,
sunscald
Season Extension
Tomato Leaf Blights
Tomato Leaf Blight Control
• Cultural • crop rotation • good air circulation • sanitation • Pesticides
– Copper – chlorothalonil – Mancozeb?
Blossom End Rot
Blossom End Rot
• Caused by a lack of calcium • Common in first fruit & in
plants in containers • Rest of fruit safe to eat (if spot
is small)
Blossom End Rot Control
• Add calcitic lime • Keep soil evenly moist, use
mulches
Catfacing
Catfacing
• caused by temperature extremes leading to improper flower pollination
• do not plant too early • harden by limiting water not
with cold temperatures
Fruit Cracking
Fruit Cracking
• caused by high moisture • do not over water • maintain even • moisture
Tomato Storage
• not below 55 F (do not refrigerate)
• not in direct sun • apples speed ripening
Heirloom Tomato Varieties
• Definition varies • Old, antique • Passed down from generation
to generation • Open pollinated - not hybrids • Come true from saved seed
Tomato Leaf Types
Coeur De Pigeon Jaune
• color: yellow • Shape: plum • Avg. fruit size: 1 oz • Season: mid • Origin: France • Flavor: Strange aftertaste • Story: In English means
‘yellow pigeon’s heart’
Brandywine – Suddath strain
• color: pink • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 18 oz • Season: late • Origin: USA • Flavor: Rich & balanced • Story: Saved by the Suddath
family
Brandywine – Landis Valley strain
• color: red • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 8 oz • Season: late • Origin: USA • Flavor: Rich & balanced • Story: Originated Chester, PA
1885
Hawaiian Pineapple
• color: yellow • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 20 oz • Season: late • Origin: ? • Flavor: mild, bland? • Story: ?
Julia Child
• color: pink • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 10 oz • Season: mid-late • Origin: USA • Flavor: balanced • Story: Named after chef.
identified at CA tomato festival
Mortgage Lifter- Bicolor
• color: bicolor • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 16 oz • Season: late • Origin: USA • Flavor: mild • Story: Original Mortgage Lifter
sold to pay off home
Copia
• color: bicolor • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 16 oz • Season: mid • Origin: USA • Flavor: good tomato • Story: Named after food and
art center in CA. Cross between ‘Green Zebra’ & ‘Marvel Stripe’
Great White
• color: white • Shape: beefsteak • Avg. fruit size: 18 oz • Season: mid • Origin: ? • Flavor:mild, bland? • Story: ?
Dorothy’ Green
• color: green • Shape: flat globe • Avg. fruit size: 12 oz • Season: mid • Origin: ? • Flavor: Unique, acid • Story: ?
Japanese Ox Heart
• color: pink • Shape: ox heart • Avg. fruit size: 18 oz • Season: late • Origin: Japan? • Flavor: meaty mild • Story: ?
Cherokee Purple
• color: purple • Shape: flat globe • Avg. fruit size: 10 oz • Season: very early • Origin: USA • Flavor: rich tomato • Story: From Tennessee native
American gardens?
Moskovich
• color: red • Shape: flat globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: very early • Origin: USSR • Flavor: on sweet side • Story: Brought from Siberia in
1990’s
Juane Flamme
• color: orange/ red flesh • Shape: round • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: early • Origin: France • Flavor: on sweet side • Story: ?
Costoluto Genovese
• color: red • Shape: flat globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: early • Origin: Italy • Flavor: good tomato • Story: ?
Japanese Trifle Black
• color: mahogany • Shape: pear • Avg. fruit size: 10 oz • Season: mid-late • Origin: Japan? • Flavor: ? • Story: ?
Courson Roy’s Stuffer
• color: red • Shape: stuffer • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: very late • Origin: USA • Flavor: mild, bland? • Story: Saved by same family
as Luther Hill corn
Jersey Devil
• color: red • Shape: flat globe • Avg. fruit size: 9 oz • Season: late • Origin: USA • Flavor: mild, bland? • Story: ?
Garden Peach
• color: yellow - peach • Shape: globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: very early • Origin: USSR • Flavor: mild on sweet side • Story: ?
Isis Candy
• color: bicolor • Shape: cherry • Avg. fruit size: 0.7 oz • Season: late • Origin: ? • Flavor: very sweet • Story: ?
Speckled Roman
• color: bicolor • Shape: long plum • Avg. fruit size: 7 oz • Season: early • Origin: USA • Flavor: meaty acidic • Story: Developed by John
Swenson. A cross of Antique Roman and Banana Legs
Mr. Stripey (Tigerella)
• color: bi-color • Shape: round • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: mid • Origin: ? • Flavor: good tomato • Story: ?
Ramapo (Hybrid)
• color: red • Shape: flattened globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: mid-late • Origin: NJ, USA • Flavor: great “Jersey tomato”
flavor • Story: Developed at NJAES in
1968. has been off the market for many years
Saving Heirloom Tomato Seeds
• Ferment in water to remove jelly • Dry seed and label
Storing tomato seeds
• Dry, cool place • Ex. a jar with desiccants in
basement
Hybrid Tomatoes
• Two genetically different parents that are crossed each year to produce the hybrid tomato seed
• Hybrids are usually more vigorous or have some superior traits compared to either parent = hybrid vigor
• Saved hybrid seed will not be come true
Ramapo (Hybrid)
• color: red • Shape: flattened globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: mid-late • Origin: NJ, USA • Flavor: great “Jersey tomato”
flavor • Story: Developed at NJAES in
1968. has been off the market for many years
Moreton (Hybrid)
• color: red • Shape: flattened globe • Avg. fruit size: 6 oz • Season: early • Origin: USA • Flavor: great “Jersey tomato”
flavor • Story: Developed by Harris
Seeds in 1953. Has been off the market for many years
Tomato Tasting Events August 26, 2009 - Snyder Research & Extension
Farm, Pittstown, NJ September 13, 2009 - Frelinghuysen Arboretum,
Morristown, NJ
Romanenko
Sources of More Tomato Information
• www.njaes.rutgers.edu • http://njfarmfresh.rutgers.edu/J
erseyTomato.html • FS 678 Growing Tomatoes in
the Home Garden • FS 787 Starting Vegetable
Seeds Indoors • FS 547 Diagnosing and
Controlling Fungal Diseases of Tomato in the Home Garden
Questions?