russia: from fledgling principality to major power
DESCRIPTION
RUSSIA: FROM FLEDGLING PRINCIPALITY TO MAJOR POWER. WHAT IS RUSSIA? European/Western -> ? Asiatic/Eastern -> ? Both/Something special and unique -> ?. WHY WAS RUSSIA DIFFERENT?. Geography Religion – Eastern Orthodox Christianity Autocracy – one man rule at the top Small powerful nobles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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WHAT IS RUSSIA?1. European/Western -> ?2. Asiatic/Eastern -> ?3. Both/Something special and unique -> ?
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1. Geography2. Religion – Eastern Orthodox Christianity3. Autocracy – one man rule at the top4. Small powerful nobles5. Serfdom – harsh and enduring6. No middle class7. No/slow economic development
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Invaded and occupied by the Mongols -> 13th through 15th centuries = “the Tartar Yoke”
The Principality of Moscow The Grand Duke of Moscow IVAN IV, THE TERRIBLE1. First to take the title Tsar/Czar2. Expands Russia to the East3. Wife dies -> goes crazy -> slaughters the
Boyars (old Russian nobility)4. Creates a new “service nobility”
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Period of aristocratic/noble resurgence and anarchy after Ivan’s death
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Michael Romanov becomes Tsar in 1613
Romanov’s establish a dynasty in Russia last from 1613 until World War I and the Soviet Revolution in 1917
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Tsar Peter Romanov = Peter the Great1. Westernize/Europeanize backward Russia2. Emphasis on technical development to
strengthen Russia militarily3. Reorganizes the army/creates a navy4. Forces the nobles to serve in either military or
government positions5. Adopts mercantilist policies -> but mostly just
squeezes taxes out of poor peasants6. Establishes govt control over Russian Orthodox
Church7. Introduces/forces Western customs, manners,
and style -> cutting off noble’s beards and long coats
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Peter wanted an ice-free warm water port to give access to Europe
THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR 1701-1721 -> Peter defeats Sweden
Sweden becomes second rate power/Russia becomes big dog in the Baltic region
Peter builds new capital/window to the West – St. Petersburg
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King Gustavus Adolphus 1611-1632 -> killed in the Thirty Years’ War
King Charles XI – builds Swedish monarchy along absolutist lines
King Charles XII -> loses war to Russia and Sweden becomes second rate
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Conquer Constantinople in 1453 Attempt to conquer all of the Balkans Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
= the greatest of the Ottoman rulers Conquer Yugoslavia in 1521/Hungary in
1526/attack Vienna in 1529 but fail Major naval defeat – the Battle of Lepanto
1571 = limits Turkish naval power in Medit. JANISSARIES – christian boys taken from
parents -> converted to Islam -> trained from childhood to be the elite personal soldiers of the Sultan
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Absolute monarchs were not able to establish absolute power
Local power was still mostly in the hands of the nobles
Landowning aristocracy was immensely powerful -> they limited what monarchs could do