rural electrification
DESCRIPTION
this is a presentation done to give awareness about power generation and generation using renewable energy sources to children s .In this presentation a new approach of using renewable is give that is "INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES"TRANSCRIPT
Rural ElectrificationEmpowering rural
INDIA
o At the rate of 48 per day
o More than 1650 per year
o At least 10,500 from 1996-2007
Farmers who committed suicide
Reasons • Climatic conditions
• Politics
• Lack of energy
energy
Law of conservation of energy :
“Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another form”
Energy
Electrical Energy
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
• Many people think Benjamin Franklin discovered Electricity with his famous kite-flying experiments in1752
• But electricity was not discovered all at once
THE BATTERY
• In 1800, Alessandro Volta , an Italian scientist, made a great discovery.
• He soaked paper in salt water, placed zinc and copper on opposite sides of the paper, and watched the chemical reaction produce an electric current.
• Volta had created the first electric cell.• By connecting many of these cells together,
Volta was able to “string a current” and create a battery.
• It is in honor of Volta that we measure battery power in volts.
A CURRENT BEGAN
• An English scientist, Michael Faraday, was the first one to realize that an electric current could be produced by passing a magnet through a copper wire.
• Almost all the Electricity we use today is made with magnets and coils of copper wire in giant power plants.
Types of energy sources
o Renewable
o Non renewable
Types of non renewable energy resources
o Coal
o Petrol
o diesel
o Natural gas
Disfavors!!!
o extinction of resources
o Increasing demand
o pollution
RENEWABLE
TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
o Solar energy
o Wind energy
o Tidal energy
o Geo thermal energy
o Bio mass
here comes the SUN
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun
The total solar energy available to earth is approximately 3850 ZETA joules per year
Solar Cell(Photovoltaics)
Solar Cell (PV)
Light Electricity
Polysilicon Wafer Solar Cell Solar Module
Chemical Process(purification)
CastingCutting
Surface Treatment Assembly
Systems
InstallationOperation
The PV Value Chain (multi-crystalline)
Developments in solar cells
First generation – pure silicon,33%efficiency, more expensive
Second generation -- thin film solar cells low cost low efficiency, CdTe , selenium , amorphous silicon
Third generation– low cost high efficiency multi junction, tandem cells nano structured
Applications …o domestic lighting o street lighting o village electrification o water pumping o Solar satelliteso powering of remote telecommunication
repeater stations and o railway signals.o Solar vehicles
Latest advancements….
o Nano powered (DSSC)
o Solar concentrators
o Paint solar cells
o Spherical solar cells
o Reflective dishes
MNES
Garden Lights
Traffic Signal
Blinker
Street Light
MNES
Garden Lights
Traffic Signals
Blinkers
Power Pack
Road Studs
BiPV System
10 kW roof integrated photovoltaic's at CSE canteen, Delhi
Indian Oil Corporation Building, Delhi(14 kW BiPV and 4000 lpd SWHS)
Solar thermal collectors
Solar tower
Tower
TurbinesSolar Collector
Solar Radiation
Solar Home Systems
Space
Water Pumping
Telecom
Main Application Areas – Off-grid
Challenges……..
o High capital
o Land scarcity
o Slow progress
o Climatic conditions
Wind energy
OrientationTurbines can be categorized into two overarching classes based on the orientation of the rotor
Vertical Axis Horizontal Axis
44
• Pros– Small project size– Short/flexible development time – Dispatch ability
• Cons– Generally remote location – Grid connectivity -- lack of transmission capability – Intermittent output
• Only When the wind blows (night? Day?)
– Low capacity factor– Predicting the wind -- we’re getting better
Integrated energy systems
Cascaded solar energy systems
A Scheme to Integrate Solar Radiation and Wind Energy as Potential Energy
Integration of Solar Radiation and Wind Energy as Low-Grade Thermal Energy
Integration of Solar Radiation and Wind Energy in Electrochemical Form
Overall Schematics of an Integrated Renewable Energy System
Solar PV
1 PV panel Rs. 4 lakhs/KW 25 years
2 Inverter Rs.50000/KW 25 years
3 Battery Rs.10000/KWH 5 years
L.C.C per KW for 25 years-Rs.2062233
Solar Thermal Plant Item Cost in RS/KWH Life Period in Years
Heat Energy Collectors 25000 20
Boiler + Steam Turbine 13900 10
Electric Generator 5500 10
Accessories and tools 1000 5
L.C.C per KW for 20 years-Rs.57990.055
Micro Hydro Unit Component 100W(flow rate 4lps head
at 5m)Life time
Penstock Rs.32500 10 years
Turbine-Generator Rs.125000
Controller Rs.20000
Batteries Rs.26000 5 years
Inverter Rs.60000
Power House Rs.10000
Miscellaneous Rs.10000
Maintenance Rs.2000per year
L.C.C for 20 years –Rs.332919
Biomass Plant Item Cost in Rs for 5KW plant Life Period in years
Biogas Plant 127700 20
Piping 8300 10
Sand Filter 4150 10
7 HP Diesel Engine 37700 15
5KVA Generator 78150 15
Accessories, tools 20750 10
Engine room 16550 20
L.C.C cost for 20 years-Rs.358803.8
Wind Energy SystemItem Cost in Rs/KW Life Period in years
Wind Mill 25000 20
Gearbox 2500 10
Controller 2000 10
Wind Turbine 10500 15
Electric Generator 5500 15
Accessories 1000 5
L.C.C per KW for 20 years –Rs.57269.8
L.C.C – Life Cycle Cost L.C.C = Capital + R.P + M.P + Energy Cost – SalvageWhere, R.P=Replacement Cost. M.P=Maintenance Cost.
Cost per KWh=L.C.C/(N*E)Where,
N=Life Period. E=Energy used.
Comparison of Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Sources