ruggero santilli - experimental confirmation that universe is not epanding

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THE R.M. SANTILLI FOUNDATIONPROMOTING BA SIC SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES AND SCIENT IFIC ETHICS

May 29, 2013

The R. M. Santilli Foundation Announces

Experimental Confirmations that the Universe Is NotExpanding:

For all press inquiries, please contact: Alison Crisci, KCSA Strategic Communications,Phone 212-896-1252 Email: [email protected]

The Wall Street Journal ,List of News Releases as of 06-12-13

News Release by the KCSA Agency 06-10-13

SummaryRecently published, comprehensive and independent experimental measurements conducted in theU.S.A and in Europe [15] have confirmed Santilli IsoRedShift (IRS) of Sunlight at Sunset and Sunrisediscovered by R. M. Santilli ( Curriculum ) in mathematical, theoretical and experimental publications [7-
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14] initiated back in 1978 when he was at Harvard University under DOE support. The newmeasurements confirm that, in the transition from the Zenith to the horizon, Sunlight experiences a shift ofabout 100 nm toward the red for all frequencies without any appreciable relative motion between theSun, the atmosphere and the observer. Therefore, the measurements confirm that light loses energy E =h to cold media, thus experiencing a decrease of its frequency , according to a new atomic processproved to be independent from molecular processes, such as scattering or absorption. Since Santilli IRSis structurally the same as the cosmological redshift, thus requiring one single physical law, studies [7-15] establish that the cosmological redshift of galaxies is predominantly due to loss of energy by directgalactic light to notoriously cold intergalactic media, by therefore dismissing the ongoing the conjectureof the expansion of the universe, the conjecture of its acceleration, and related additional conjectures. Asit was the case for Galileo Galilei in the 1600s, thanks to his comprehensive studies, Santilli has avoidedthe the return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the Center of the universe that is inherent in theacceleration of the expansion, as first denounced by E. Hubble, F. Zwisky, L. de Broglie and otherfamous scientists.

SYNOPSISBy collecting preceding astrophysical measurements, such as those by V. Sllipher [1], E. Hubble [2]achieved the approximate law according to which the cosmological redshift of galactic light is

proportional to the distance of galaxies in "all" radial directions from Earth, and the redshift essentially occurs for "all" frequencies of galactic light, according to the well known law

(1) z = g/e - 1 H d,

where: g(e ) is the wavelength of light at the galaxy (on Earth), H is the Hubble constant and d is thedistance of galaxies in all possible radial directions from Earth. Immediately following the above discovery, F. Zwisky [3] submitted the hypothesis of "Tired Light"according to which the cosmological redshift is due to light losing energy because of scattering with theintergalactic medium. Zwicky's hypothesis was (correctly) dismissed on grounds that scattering woulddisperse light in all directions, thus preventing a direct view of the galaxies, and for other technicalreasons.
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The above scenario (of the 1930s) left no other alternative than that of assuming intergalactic spacesas being purely Minkowskian with consequential exact validity of the Lorentz symmetry [4], theapplicability of the frequency shift by C. J. Doppler [5], and the consequential Doppler's interpretationHubble's law

(2) z = g/e - 1 H d = v/c.

as one of A. Einstein's [6] axioms of special relativity (SR). The outcome of the above basic assumptions has been: 1) The ensuing conjecture of the expansion of the universe with a speed proportional to thedistance from Earth, v = H d c; 2) The consequential conjecture of the acceleration of the expansion (since the conjectured speedincreases with the increase of the distance from Earth),

3) The additional conjecture of the big bang (in the hope of justifying the conjecture of the expansionand its acceleration via that of a primordial explosion), 4) The additional far reaching conjecture of the expansion of space itself (in the hope of avoidingEarth being at the center of the universe), 5) The additional conjecture of dark matter surrounding the galaxies (due to internal galacticredshifts not entirely compatible with cosmological redshifts); 6) The additional conjecture of an invisible dark energy composing most of the universe (in the hopeof achieve somehow a representation of the conjectured expansion); and 7) Additional conjectures currently under way due to known insufficiencies of the preceding chain of

conjectures, such as the conjecture of yet additional mysterious and invisible particles called theneutralinos, which are ventured because of the known impossibility of detecting dark matter, etc. Despite the power of the assumed background validity of SR for intergalactic spaces, Hubble, Fritz,de Broglie and other famous scientists died without accepting the expansion of the universe because itimplies a return to the Middle Ages with Earth necessarily at the center of the universe because of theacceleration of the expansion radially from Earth (Figure 1). Irrespective of that, conjectures 1) to 7) areafflicted by rather serious insufficiencies or inconsistencies identified in details in the refereed literature(see, e.g., [12-15]).


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Figure 1: RETURN TO THE MIDDLE AGES WITH EARTH AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE.We reproduce a diagram by R. M. Santilli (see Fig. 33 of Ref. [15]) illustrating that Earth at the center of the universe is anecessary consequence of the acceleration of the expansion. In fact, for galaxies G 2 and G 1 we have the cosmological

redshifts z 2 = 2 z 1 with consequential speeds v 2 = 2 v 1 because d 2 = 2 d 1 radially from Earth E. However, when the sametwo galaxies G 2 and G 1 are examined from the galaxy G, they have the same cosmological redshift z 2 = z 1, and

consequently the same speeds v2 = v

1 because d

2 = d

1 from G, thus establishing evident physical inconsistencies of

conjecture (2), while Hubble's experimental law (1) remains valid for all observers. In this way, Santilli illustrates thehistorical rejection of the expansion of the universe by E. Hubble, F. Zwicky, L. de Broglie and other famous scientists, dueto the inherent return to the Middle Ages with Earth necessarily at the center of the universe. Note that, contrary to popularbeliefs, the far reaching conjecture of the expansion of space itself also implies Earth at the center of the universe because

the expansion accelerates with the radial distance in all directions, specifically and solely, from Earth.

All conjectures 1) to 7) have been dismissed by the Italian-American scientist Ruggero Maria Santilli(Curriculum ) via decades of mathematical, theoretical and experimental studies conducted for interior
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dynamical problems referred to extended (thus deformable) particles and electromagnetic wavespropagating within physical media for which 20th century theories are known to be inapplicable (ratherthen violated) for numerous technical reasons. Santilli initiated these studies when he was at MIT (from 1974 to 1977) and then at the Department ofMathematics of Harvard University (from 1977 to 1981) with the construction of a new mathematicsspecifically built for interior problems, today known as Santilli isomathematics (see the forthcoming2013 Workshop ), where the prefix "iso" is intended to express the preservation of the originalEinsteinian axioms and the mere achievement of broader realizations [7]. Following, and only following the construction of the broader isomathematics, including the step bystep isotopic lifting of the various branches of Lie's theory [7b] (because known to be at the foundationsof SR), Santilli proposed in letter [8] of 1983:

A) The isotopic generalization of the Minkowski space-time, today known as the Minkowski-Santilli iso-space-time, with the most general known non-singular and symmetric line element that includes asparticular cases all possible Minkowskian, Riemannian, Fynslerian and other line elements in (3+1)-

dimensions

(3) x 2 = x g(t, r, v, d, , , , ...) x = x 1

2/n12 + x2

2/n22 + x 3

2/n32 - t2 c2/n4

2, n > 0;

where the metric g and the n's (called the characteristic quantity of the medium considered) are non-singular but have otherwise an unrestricted functional dependence on time t, coordinates r, velocities v,temperature , density frequency , and other local variables; B) The isotopic covering of the Lorentz symmetry, today known as the Lorentz-Santilli i sosymmetry,

that achieved a solution of the historical Lorentz problem (the invariance of all possible locally varyingspeeds of light within physical media C = c/n 4, where n 4 is the index of refraction), with consequentialachievement of the universal symmetry of all possible (non-singular) Riemannian and other line elements(see comprehensive references on Santilli Isotopies of the Poincare' symmetry and Refs. [20] foradvanced post Ph. D. teratments)

(4a) x' 1 = x 1, x' 2 = x 2 ,
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(4b) x' 3 = * [ x 3 - * x 4 (n3 / n 4) ], x'4 = * [ x 4 - * x 3 ( n 4 / n 3) ].

[4c] * = 1 / ( 1 - *2 )1/2 , * = (v / n 3) / (c / n 4), x4 = t c;

C) The isotopies of the Doppler shift law, today known as the Doppler-Santilli isoshift law, herewritten for simplicity in first approximation

(5) g e (1 (v/c) (n 4/n3) + ...).

In 1991, Santilli published monographs [9] with a comprehensive study of the isotopic lifting ofNewtonian, Galilean and Einsteinian theories, in which he pointed out for the first time that light

propagating within physical media admits a redshift or a blueshift, called IsoRedShift (IRS) and IsoBlueShift (IBS), respectively, without any relative motion between the source, the medium and theobserver. The mechanism originating the IRS is light releasing energy E = h to a generally cold

medium with consequential decrease of the frequency , while the mechanism originating the IBS islight acquiring energy by a generally hot medium. Since these mechanisms deal with excitation and de-excitation of atomic electrons, they are new and independent from known molecular processes,such as scattering or absorption.

The above prediction was inevitable in view of the arbitrary functional dependence of the metric g orof characteristic quantities, as a result of which law (5) admits the particular form characterized by theexpansion of the isotopic term n 4/n3 in the distance d traveled by light in the medium, today known as theDoppler-Santilli isolaw, [9b]

(6) g e (1 (v/c) (1 S(t, r, v, d, , , , ...)d + ...)

where the first signs refer to the conventional Doppler's contributions and the second signs refer toIRS or IBR shifts, thus resulting in four different frequency shifts.

When v/c is ignorable (namely, there is no appreciable relative motion), the above law admits the


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following evident particular case, known as Hubble-Santilli isolaw, [9b]

(7) g e (1 Hd + ...), [(v/c) (n 4/n3) + ...)] v = 0 H d + ...,

where H is precisely Hubble's constant, despite the validity of the above law for the propagation of lightin any physical media and not only for the cosmological redshift of galaxies. Evidently, the above lawoccurs when possible local speeds imply a Doppler shift which is ignorable with respect to the dominantSantilli isoshift. As it is well known, Hubble's law (1) is empirical and, therefore, without any theoretical backgrounds.By contrast, the important of Santilli isolaw (7) is that it is uniquely and unambiguously derived from theLorentz--Santilli isosymmetry (4), thus verifying the crucial consistency condition of predicting the samenumerical values under the same conditions at different times. To illustrate the astrophysical implications of his studies, Santilli provided in Ref. [9b] the firstastrophysical verification of isolaw (7) via a numerical representation of the large differences ofcosmological redshifts for Arp's [10] pair of quasars and their associated galaxies. During the following two decades, Santilli proposed to most physical laboratories around the worldthe rather simple and inexpensive verification of isotopic laws (6) and/or (7) via the measurement of theexpected redshifts of Sunlight from the Zenith to the horizon [9b] since, after all, Sunlight becomes red atthe horizon. No serious consideration was given to Santilli's proposals despite their evident largeimplications for all of physics due to the erroneous (see below) perception that the experiments wereproposed to establish violation of Einstein SR axioms. In this way, Santilli had no other choice than that of performing the measurements himself. In 2010,

Santilli built with his technicians (at the laboratory of the Institute for Basic Research in Florida) theIsoShift Testing Station in which he established for the first time that a blue laser light propagating in a60 feet long tube experiences an IRS of about 1/2 nm in the transition from vacuum to 1,000 psi whentraveling in air at less than 80 o F [11,12]. Independent measurements [13] done in the same stationconfirmed the existence for the same blue laser light of the IRS for air at less than 80 o F as well as theIBS for air at more than 120 o F. Following the experimental confirmation of isolaw (7) for individual light frequencies, thanks to


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technical assistance by some of the best manufacturers of wavelength analyzers (such as Jokogawafrom Japan, Antares from Belgium, and others), Santilli achieved in 2012 [14] the first known systematicmeasurements establishing that in the transition from Zenith to the horizon, the entire spectrum of Sunlight experiences an IRS of about 100 nm. The energy absorbed by the very cold intergalactic media (mostly Hydrogen at very low temperature)is then re-emitted and provides a quantitative representation of the origin and specifications of theCosmic Background Radiation that, in the event emitted at the time of the "big bang," simplecalculations show to have been absorbed by the universe billions of years ago due to its very weakcharacter.

Measurements [14] have recently received systematic, independent experimental confirmations viatests of both Sunset and Sunrise in the U.S.A. and Europe [15]. All these measurements confirm the IRSof about 100 nm of Sunlight in the transition from the Zenith to the horizon with z = g/e - 1 1/100 - 1 = -0.99.


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Figure 2. EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATIONS OF SANTILLI'S ISOREDSHIFT OF SUNLIGHT.A superposition of the spectrum of Sunlight at the Zenith and at the horizon out of a large series of Santilli's [14]

measurements establishing for the first time that direct Sunlight experiences an IRS of about 100 nm in the transition fromthe Zenith to the horizon. The remaining measurements [14] establish that the IRS is progressive, it begins to be

measurable at about 90 o elevation, and increases with the decrease of the elevation all the way to the spectrum at thehorizon of this figure, the biggest IRS occurring in the last ten degrees of elevation. Note the disappearance of the blue light

at the horizon and the emergence of infrared light not detected at sea level when the Sun is at the Zenith. Thesemeasurements have been systematically and independently confirmed in Ref. [15] via tests done in the U. S. A, and Europeand at both Sunset and Sunrise, all showing the same IRS of about 100 nm. It should be noted that the 100 nm of IRS are

the same for both Sunset and Sunrise [14,15], thus establishing the validity of isolaw (7), rather than (6), because theopposing Doppler shifts at Sunset and Sunrise due to Earth's rotation are ignorable with respect to Santilli isoshifts. We

should additionally note that the IRS of Sunlight occurs for all frequencies, thus being structurally the same as thecosmological redshift (1), by therefore rendering Santilli isolaw (7) universally valid for intergalactic spaces as well as for our

atmosphere, despite their rather large differences in density, temperature, etc. Note finally that Hubble's law (1) isempirically established from experimental data. By contract, Santilli isolaw (7) is uniquely and unambiguously characterized

by isosymmetry (4), thus being invariant over time.

Note that Eq. (7) has been written in terms of Hubble's law (1) because Santilli [14] has essentiallyconfirmed the validity of Hubble's law in our atmosphere. Hence, Santilli measurement of IRS establishthe lack of expansion of the universe and the consequential absence of the remaining conjectures(Figure 3). Besides Santilli's experimental dismissal of the expansion of the universe from experimentallyverified isotopic axioms, there exist a considerable phenomenological literature also dismissing theexpansion of the universe via contradictions or insufficiencies in existing astrophysical data (see, e.g.,Refs. [16,17]).

The reading of Ref. [18] (as well as Section 10 of Ref. [15]) is recommended prior to venturing apossible judgments according to which the measured 100 nm of shift are due to scattering. Suggestedreadings are recommendable to avoid double standards evidently due to the rejection of Zwicky'shypothesis of "Tired Light" according to which light loses energy due to scattering (this rejection isventured evidently to maintain the validity of SR for intergalactic spaces), and then the acceptable ofscattering origin of the redness of the Sun at the horizon (evidently also ventured to maintain the validity


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of SR, this time, in our inhomogeneous and anisotropic atmosphere).Recall that our sky would be black day and night in the absence of scattering of light in our

atmosphere. Therefore, Rayleigh or other scatterings remain crucial to represent the color of theatmosphere surrounding the Sun, but they have no credibility when referred to direct Sunlight sincescattering cannot occur along a straight line. Similarly, the reading of Refs. [11-15] is recommendable before venturing judgments to the effect thatabsorption is responsible for the redness of Sunlight at the horizon, because such a view is in violation ofthe known physical law according to which blue light is most penetrant, while red light is quicklyabsorbed by our atmosphere, as established by the blue color of the sky for the Sun at the Zenith, thebehavior of Sunlight when diving in the sea where blue is the last visible light, and other physicalevdience. It is popularly believed that Santilli isotopies violate Einstein SR axioms and, consequently, it isgenerally assumed that IRS measurements constitute a "violation of Einstein's SR." This belief isgenerally due to lack of sufficient technical knowledge of Santilli's studies, because isotopic theoriespreserve Einstein's axioms by conception and construction (for details, see Ref. [19]).

Following the rather impressive and diversified experimental confirmations [11-15] and thecomplementary evidence [16-19], the view of the RMS Foundation is that Santilli's IRS and IBSconstitute historical discoveries because they will inevitably imply a revision of the entireastrophysical knowledge accumulated to date, since such a knowledge is based on redshifts and blueshifts all entirely due to relative motion and the assumption that galactic spaces are empty, whilein reality they they are not (see Ref. [21] for implications in various quantitative sciences). In any case,measurements [11-15] void current astrophysical knowledge of a final scientific character, and

mandate a re-examination of the very foundations of astrophysics and cosmology particularly in view of the ongoing large expenditures of public money on the chain of excessive, and now experimentally dismissed conjectures 1) to 7).

It is remarkable that an Italian scientist, Galileo Galilei, disproved the belief in the Middle Ages ofEarth at the center of the universe under the opposition of the established power of the time, that of theVatican. Nowadays, some four centuries later, it has been the fate of another Italian born scientists,Ruggero Maria Santilli, to disprove again that Earth is at the center of the universe under the oppositionthis time of academic interests on Einstein's theories.


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In closing, we mention that the first International workshop on Santilli IRS was held in 2011 at the

Republic of San Marino, in the Northern Italian peninsula, 2011 IRS Workshop . During this meeting,Santilli received the highest honor granted by the Republic of San Marino for the discovery of the IRSand IBS, Santilli's Grand Cross of the Sant'Agata Order . For a preceding more detailed blog on SantilliIRS and IBS, one may consult Experimental Evidence of No Universe Expansion . Related publicationscan be found in the Archives of the Santilli Foundation . The preliminary version of a one hourdocumentary on the content of this announcement can be viewed from the link A new Renaissance inCosmology

Figure 3: VISUAL EVIDENCE OF THE LACK OF EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE.
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As illustrated by this picture, Santilli has indicated since 1991 [9] that the redness the Sun at Sunset constitutes visualevidence of the lack of expansion of the universe since we have the loss of energy by Sunlight to air, with consequential

redshift, without any relative motion between the Sun, the atmosphere and the observer. The same picture also constitutesvisual evidence of the absence of the acceleration of the expansion, because the redness of the Sun increases with the

decrease of the elevation, that is, with the increase of the travel by Sunlight in air. Measurements [11-15] have essentiallyconfirmed the validity of Santilli's isotopic derivation (7) of Hubble's law (1) and dismissed its Doppler interpretation (2), with

consequential dismissal of conjectures 1) to 7).

RESEARCH GRANTSThe R. M. Santilli Foundation has research grant available for theoretical and experimentalastrophysicists interested in conducting a re-inspection of available astrophysical data and comparetheir interpretation via Doppler's law (2) and Doppler-Santilli isolaw (6) or Hubble-Santilli isolaw (7). Toapply, we suggest the submission of : 1) A one page summary of the proposed research; 2) Therequested funds and their timetable; and 3) The CV of the applicant(s). Request for technicalconsultations are suggested to be addressed to the main expert in the field, Prof. R. M. Santilli at the

email: basicresearch(at)i-b-r.org . Applications for research grants can be submitted to: The R. M.Santilli Foundation via email board(at)santilli-foundations.org.

MAIN REFERENCES

[1] V. Slipher, Popular Astronomy 23 ,: 21 (1915).

[2] E. Hubble, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 15 ,

168 (1929).[3] F. Zwicky, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, {\bf15}, 773 (1929).

[4] L. V. Lorentz, Philos. Mag. 34, 287 (1867).

[5] C. J. Doppler, Abhandlungen der Konigl. Bohm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (V. Folge, Bd. 2, S.


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465 (1842).

[6] A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 17, 891 (1905).

[7] R. M. Santilli. Foundation of Theoretical Mechanics, Volume I (1978) [7a], and Volume II (1982) [7b],Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany,http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-209.pdf

http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/santilli-69.pdf

[8] R. M. Santilli, "Lie-isotopic Lifting of Special Relativity for Extended Deformable Particles," LettereNuovo Cimento 37 , 545 (1983),http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-50.pdf

[9] R. M. Santilli, Isotopic Generalizations of Galilei and Einstein Relativities, Vols. I [9a] and II [9b](1991), International Academic Press,

http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-01.pdfhttp://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-61.pdf

[10] H. Arp. {\it Quasars Redshift and Controversies.} Interstellar Media, Berkeley (1987).

[11] R. M. Santilli, "Experimental Verifications of IsoRedShift with Possible Absence of UniverseExpansion, Big Bang, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy," The Open Astronomy Journal 3, 124 (2010),http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-isoredshift.pdf

[12] R. M. Santilli, "Experimental Verification of IsoRedShift and its Cosmological Implications," AIPProceedings Vol. 1281, pp. 882-885 (2010)http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Isoredshift-Letter.pdf

[13] G. West and G. Amato, "Experimental Confoirmation of Santilli's IsoRedShift and IsoBlueShift,"Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, 12 , 169 (2012),http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Confirmation-IRS-IBS.pdf


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[14] R. M. Santilli, G. West and G. Amato. "Experimental Confirmation of the IsoRedShift at Sun atSunset and Sunrise with Consequential Absence of Universe Expansion and Related Conjectures, "Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, 12 , 165 (2012).http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Confirmation-sun-IRS.pdf

[15] H. Ahmar, G. Amato, J. V. Kadeisvili, J. Manuel, G. West, and O. Zogorodnia, "Additional

experimental confirmations of Santilli's IsoRedShift and the consequential expected absence of universeexpansion," Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, 13 , 321 (2013),http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/IRS-confirmations-212.pdf

[16] p. A. LaViolette, "Is the universe really expanding?" The Astrophysical Journal 301 , 544 (1986).

[17]. E. J. Lerner, "Evidence for a Non-Expanding Universe: Surface Brightness Data From HUDF,"arXiv:astro-ph/050961

[18] R. Cox, `Comments on I. Gandzha's Paper: "Solar Redshift Calculation by the Rayleigh ScatteringMechanism," Hadronic J. Vol. 35 (2012), in press\noindent which presents a comprehensive analysis of:

[19] R. M. Santilli, "Compatibility of Super/SubLuminal speeds with Einstein Special Relativity Axisoms,"IBR prepeint May 2013, Submitted for publicationhttp://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/super-sub-luminal-speeds.pd

[20] R. M. Santilli, Elements of Hadronic Mechanics, second edition, Vol. I (1995) [20a], Vol. II 91995)[20b], Academy of Sciences, Kiev,http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-300.pdfhttp://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-301.pdf

[21] I. Gandzha and J. Kadeisvili, New Sciences for a New Era: Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Discoveries of Ruggero Maria Santilli, Sankata Printing Press, Nepal (2011),

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Cop yright 2011 by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, LLC, P . O. Box 1577, Pa lm Harbor, FL 34682, U.S.A.Tel: 1-727-934 9593 Fax: 1-727-934 9275 E-Mail: info(at)santilli-foundation(dot)org

ruggero santilli - experimental confirmation that universe is not epanding

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