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CALCULATION OF THE FLASHOVER RATE DUE TO LIGHTNING WITH THE
EMTP TOOLBOX LIPS
Arnaud GUERRIER 30 / 04 / 09
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Context■ For the French overhead lines
Faults due to lightning = 65% of all types of flashover
■ Flashover rate due to lightning depends on : Grounding resistance of towers Presence of shield wire Tower geometry Length of span Relief of the area
■ Last important flashover : 3 november 2008 on Néoules –Réaltor 400 kV double circuit line 3-phase tripping occuring simultaneously on both circuits=> load shedding of 1450 MW
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Description of LIPS
■ EMTP Toolbox■ Development by EDF, HydroQuébec, RTE■ Calculation of the flashover rate due to lightning function
of the grounding resistance tower■ Possible studies :
Evaluation of the flashover rate of an existing line Optimization of the number of line surge arresters to install on a
line Impact of grounding improvement or installation of sky wires on
the flashover rate
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Description of LIPS
■ Modelling of the overhead line Position of conductors and possible shield wires (same tower
used for each span) Length of span Phase equiped with Line Surge Arrester
■ Calculation of the flashover rate due to lightning with ground flash density : number of lightning stroke per year per km²
■ 2 types of flashover : Shield failure flashover Back flashover
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Description of LIPS
■ Shield failure flashover :lightning strike on conductors Overvoltage higher than
the lightning withstand voltage of the insulatorstrings
Arcing between the spark gap
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■ Back flashover : lightning strike on towers or shield wires A part of the lightning
current goes into the grounding electrode
=> Overvoltage of the tower
Arcing if the overvoltage higher than the lightning withstand of the line
du
i(t); di(t)/dt
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Example of study (1/3)
■ Objective : Limit the rate of three-phase tripping
occurring on both circuits of a 400 kV double-circuit line
Optimize the number of line surge arresters to install
■ Current rate calculated with LIPS ■ Modelling of the line
2 shield wires 6 spans of 500 m
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Example of study (2/3) : modelling
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Start a Flashover Rates study
Analyse Flashover Rates study results
Lightning current sourcefound in the LIPS libraryThere must be only one per design
BFORSFFOR
View results
Lightning1
6kA, 70us
6 spans, line length is 3 km
bfor1c1phAc1phBc1phCc2phAc2phBc2phC
sw1sw2
c1phAc1phBc1phCc2phAc2phBc2phC
sw1sw2
+
AC1
400kVRMSLL /_300
FD +12345678
FD +12345678
LINE DATAmodel in: adapt50km_rv.pun
adapt50km.lin
cc
b
b
a
a
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Example of study (3/3) : results
■ Number of 3-phase double circuit flashover function of grounding resistance
■ Installation of line surge arresters necessary for grounding resistance of tower higher than 30 ohms.
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Impact of Line Surge Arresters on double circuit line
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1 circuit without LSA
Flashover rate on circuit 1 with LSA on phase 1A and 1C
Flashover rate on circuit 2 with LSA on phase 1A and 1C
Flashover rate of the line function of grounding resistance tower
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Conclusion
■ Calculation of the flashover rate due to lightning with LIPS
■ Measurement : grounding resistance tower■ For a flashover rate given => optimization of the number
of towers to treat and reducing the costs
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Thank you for your attention
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