Roy Freeland President, Perpetuum Ltd

• Chair ISA100.18 Power Sources Working Group. • Chair UK Government Energy Harvesting S.I.G• EU Zeropower Scientific Advisory Committee

Standards for WSN Power Sources

• International Society for Automation ISA100 Family of Standards for Industrial WSN’s -100.11a Wireless Standard

• ISA100.18 Power Sources Working Group• Key objectives are

– Define specifications for the interchangeability of power sources– Use cases in range 0.1mW to 30mW– Including batteries, energy harvesters, and other power sources

– Define performance specifications to facilitate comparison and selection of optimum power sources for application.

• Cooperating with a range of organizations– VDI on battery standards for WSNs

– Other organizations using 802.15.4 (e.g. WirelessHART, Zigbee)– “Metrology for Energy Harvesting “project (EU funded European

Metrology Research Programme (EMRP))

No Single Harvester is Universal Solution

• Easy choice of Power Source is needed• Leading wireless instrumentation suppliers have

chosen universal system• Generic Energy Harvester Adapter Module –

GEHAM• Enables Plug and Play Interchangeability:• Vibration Harvester• Thermal Harvester• 24V DC

3

Standard OEM Battery Module

GEHAMCircuit

Integrate GEHAM into OEM Battery Module

Intelligent Power Module (IPM)

• Wide range of input voltage levels: 8V – 24V.• Integrated robust capacitive storage for duty cycle• Intelligent Power Management circuitry• Hazardous Zone 0, Class 1 Division 1• Same form, fit & function as original OEM battery module• Reduce or eliminate battery change costs & logistics• Add energy harvesting now or later

Battery Pack to IPM

Example GEHAM: Emerson IPM

Emerson Intelligent Power Module accepts Perpetuum Vibration Harvester Micropelt Thermal Harvester Perpetua Thermal Harvester 24V DC

Others to be addedATEX, IECEx, FM approved

(Not all power sources)

5

Example Installations

6

Oxea and Firestone

Honeywell Power Module

7

•

Battery pack - regulated external power input

Internal harvester energy storageReplaces the standard IS Battery Pack in a

Honeywell XYR 6000 transmitterAccepts external harvester power up to 20VBatteries only necessary for network joiningInternal capacitance power for

normal radio transmissionsWith Perpetuum Energy Harvester

on a suitable vibration source Extend battery life >10years 4 second transmitter repetition rate

ATEX, IECEx, FM approved

Rapid growth in EH powered WSN’s

Wireless Sensor Nodes deployed in many new applications

Train bearings – many thousands being monitoredEH powered self contained WSN

Harvester ARM processor RF transmitter

Live bearing data availableDisplayed over InternetPowerful business case

On demand maintenance

WiBRATE FP7 Project

Performance Standards

End Users want to know if Harvester will “work” in their plant

Will not know How much power needed What energy sources available (heat, vibration etc..) Characteristics of energy source

Performance Standard needs to help select Harvester Type (Thermal. Vibration etc.) – this problem being

solved by GEHAM Which Thermal/other Harvester will give best power output in

particular or all applicationsSo - Easy Task!!!

Vibration Harvesters Issues

Performance depends on many variablesType of vibration

Sinusoidal fixed /sinusoidal variable/ stochastic/ variable/multi frequency/ other

Magnitude (g)Nominal Frequency/FrequenciesVariation in Frequency

During operation From one machine to another

Reference test conditions typical of practical applications (also applies to other harvesters)

Measurement of output : Time to charge energy storageOutput achieved through GEHAM