Upload File

routes of drug administration routes of drug administration diane young, rn health science brewbaker...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School
32
Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Upload: madeline-banks

Post on 01-Jan-2016

228 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Routes of Drug AdministrationRoutes of Drug Administration

Diane Young, RNHealth ScienceBrewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Page 2: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Drug Absorption

Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream without being chemically altered or

The movement of a drug from its site of application into the blood or lymphatic system

Page 3: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Drug Absorption Factors which influence the rate of

absorption types of transport the physicochemical properties of the

drug protein binding routes of administration dosage forms circulation at the site of absorption concentration of the drug

Page 4: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Drug Absorption

The rate at which a drug reaches it site of action depends on:Absorption - involves the

passage of the drug from its site of administration into the blood

Distribution - involves the delivery of the drug to the tissues

Page 5: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Routes of Drug Administration

The route of administration (ROA) that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts

ImportantImportantInfoInfo

Page 6: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Drug Route’s Cont’d

The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes:

EnteralParenteral

Page 7: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Enteral Routes

Enteral - drug placed directly in the GI tract:sublingual - placed under the

tongueoral - swallowing (p.o., per os)rectum - Absorption through the

rectum

Page 8: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Sublingual/Buccal

Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in the mouth or under the tongue.

Advantages rapid absorption drug stability avoid first-pass effect

Page 9: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Sublingual/Buccal

Disadvantages inconvenient small doses unpleasant taste of some drugs

Page 10: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Oral

Advantages Convenient - can be self- administered,

pain free, easy to take Absorption - takes place along the whole

length of the GI tract Cheap - compared to most other

parenteral routes

Page 11: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Oral

DisadvantagesSometimes inefficient - only part

of the drug may be absorbedFirst-pass effect - drugs

absorbed orally are initially transported to the liver via the portal vein

irritation to gastric mucosa - nausea and vomiting

Page 12: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Oral

Disadvantages cont.destruction of drugs by gastric

acid and digestive juiceseffect too slow for emergenciesunpleasant taste of some drugsunable to use in unconscious

patient

Page 13: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

First-pass Effect The first-pass effect is the term

used for the hepatic metabolism of a pharmacological agent when it is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation. The greater the first-pass effect, the less the agent will reach the systemic circulation when the agent is administered orally

Page 14: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

First-pass Effect

Page 15: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

1. unconscious patients and children 2. if patient is nauseous or vomiting 3. easy to terminate exposure 4. absorption may be variable 5. good for drugs affecting the bowel such as laxatives6. irritating drugs contraindicated

Rectal

Page 16: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Parenteral Routes

Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug directly into the blood stream

Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected into skeletal muscle

Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs from the subcutaneous tissues

Inhalation - Absorption through the lungs

Page 17: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School
Page 18: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School
Page 19: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Intravascular

Absorption phase is bypassed (100% bioavailability)1.precise, accurate and almost immediate onset of

action, 2. large quantities can be given, fairly pain free

3. greater risk of adverse effects a. high concentration attained rapidly b. risk of embolism c. OOPS factor or !@#$%

Page 20: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Intramuscular

1. very rapid absorption of drugs in aqueous solution 2.repository and slow release preparations 3.pain at injection sites for certain drugs

Page 21: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Subcutaneous

1. slow and constant absorption 2. absorption is limited by blood flow, affected if circulatory problems exist 3. concurrent administration of

vasoconstrictor will slow absorption

Page 22: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

1.gaseous and volatile agents and aerosols 2.rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation a.large surface area b.thin membranes separates alveoli from circulation c.high blood flow

Inhalation

Page 23: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Inhalation cont. Respiratory system. Except for IN, risk hypoxia. Intranasal (snorting) Snuff, cocaine may be partly oral via post-nasal

dripping. Fairly fast to brain, local damage to septum. Some of the volatile gases also appear to cross nasal membranes.

Smoke (Solids in air suspension, vapors) absorbed across lung alveoli: Nicotine, opium, THC, freebase and crack cocaine, crystal meth.Particles or vapors dissolve in lung fluids, then diffuse. Longer action than volatile gases. Tissue damage from particles, tars, CO.

Volatile gases: Some anaesthetics (nitrous oxide, ether) [precise control], petroleum distillates. Diffusion and exhalation (alcohol).

Lung-based transfer may get drug to brain in as little as five seconds.

Page 24: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Topical•Mucosal membranes (eye drops, antiseptic, sunscreen, callous removal, nasal, etc.) •Skin a. Dermal - rubbing in of oil or ointment (local action) b. Transdermal - absorption of drug through

skin (systemic action) i. stable blood levels ii. no first pass metabolism iii. drug must be potent or patch

becomes to large

Page 25: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

intravenous 30-60 seconds intraosseous 30-60 seconds endotracheal 2-3 minutes inhalation 2-3 minutes sublingual 3-5 minutes intramuscular 10-20 minutes subcutaneous 15-30 minutes rectal 5-30 minutes ingestion 30-90 minutes transdermal (topical) variable (minutes to

hours)

Route for administration -Time until effect-

Page 26: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Time-release preparations

Oral - controlled-release, timed-release, sustained-release designed to produce slow,uniform

absorption for 8 hours or longerbetter compliance, maintain effect

over night, eliminate extreme peaks and troughs

Page 27: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

The ROA is determined by the The ROA is determined by the physical characteristics of the physical characteristics of the drug, the speed which the drug is drug, the speed which the drug is absorbed and/ or released, as well absorbed and/ or released, as well as the need to bypass hepatic as the need to bypass hepatic metabolism and achieve high metabolism and achieve high conc. at particular sitesconc. at particular sites

ImportantImportantInfoInfo

Page 28: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

No No singlesingle method of drug method of drug administration is ideal for all administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstancesdrugs in all circumstances

Very Important

Very Important

Info!Info!

Page 29: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Terminology

Side effects Adverse effects Toxic effects Receptor site Agonists Antagonists Site of action Mechanism of action FDA

Page 30: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Terminology cont’d

Dose-response curve Time-response curve Potency Therapeutic Index Generic name Trade name Prescription drugs OTC drugs Controlled substances

Page 31: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

Rights

List the 5 rights in administering medication.

Page 32: Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Diane Young, RN Health Science Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School

THAT’S IT!!


Parentral drug delivery - philadelphia.edu.jo drug... · Routes of parenteral administration Medicines are injected by many different routes and the choice of route is governed by

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION - جامعة القادسية · PARENTERAL ROUTES Direct delivery of drug in to systemic circulation without involvement of intestinal mucosa Subcutaneous

Saturday, September 12, 2015 1 Routes of drug administration

Routes of Drug Administration (1)

Drug Formulations & Routes of Administration

routes of drug adminstration

Alternative Routes of Drug Administration (analgesia)...Alternative Routes of Drug Administration (analgesia) Dr Andrew Dickman. Consultant Pharmacist. Alternative Routes of Drug Administration

Feeling the Need for Speed! - …€¢ Evaluate the need for alternative routes of drug ... •Drug degradation

Introduction to Laboratory of Pharmacology Routes Of Drug

LIBRARY MEDIA CENTER ORIENTATION BREWBAKER MIDDLE SCHOOL 2010-2011

Routes of Drug administration

Routes of Administration of Biotech Drug Products- Parenteral Routes Considering Nanoparticles & Microemulsion

Routes of adminstration of drug

Routes of Drug Administration - ruben.ucsd.edu

Class routes of drug administration

Routes of Drug Administration Routes of Drug Administration Robert L. Copeland, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology 202.806.6311

Novel Routes of Administration: Getting the Drug to the ...appm.org.uk/resources/Novel+routes+of+administration.pdfNovel Routes of Administration: Getting the Drug to the Right Place

Routes of Drug Administration OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the different Routes of Drug Administration 2. Differentiate between Enteral and Parenteral Drug Administration

Class newer routes of drug delivery

Modeling drug trafficking routes using potential surface ... · MODELING DRUG TRAFFICKING ROUTES USING POTENTIAL SURFACE ANALYSIS FOR THE SIMULATION OF MILITARY TRAINING SCENARIOS

Nanosuspension -A Novel Approaches In Drug Delivery … · by various routes, including oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. ... To prevent degradation of drug or to improve

Capt William Brewbaker - Confederate Iron Cross Ceremony

Routes of Drug Admin

Routes of drug administration

w À ] Understanding unconventional routes to impurities … ·  · 2016-08-31Understanding unconventional routes to impurities ... The reported routes/mechanisms of drug degradation

Principles of Drug Dosage, Formulation and Routes of Administration

Routes of Drug Administration II

Drug Formulations & Routes of Administrationmedicinaingles.weebly.com/.../3908857/drug...routes_of_administrati… · •routes of administration ... Routes of Drug Administration

Routes of drug s administration

Absorption of Drug From Non-per Oral Routes

Brewbaker Primary Student Handbook 2016 - 2017...Brewbaker Primary Student Handbook 2016 - 2017 4445 Brewbaker Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36116 (334) 284-8005 One Team…Working Together!

[Pharma] routes of drug administration

Drug adminstration routes