rorschach inkblot test
TRANSCRIPT
RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST
HERMANN RORSCHACH
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
• J. Kerner (1857) – individuals report uniquemeanings when viewing inkblot stimuli
• Binet – proposed using inkblot test whenRorschach was only 10 years old.
• Whipple (1910) – first set of standardizedinkblots
• Psychodiagnostik (1921)
• David Levy – brought Rorschach’s test to USA
INKBLOT TEST
• Name of Test:
• Author:
• Date Published:
• Publisher:
• Edition/Revision:
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Hermann Rorschach
1921
Hogrefe Publishing
Three volume work that has spanned at least three editions
NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
• Samuel J. Beck – wrote several books onRorschach and influenced generations ofRorschach practitioners.
• Marguerite Hertz – stimulated considerableresearch on the Rorschach.
• Bruno Klopfer – published several keyRorschach books and articles.
• Zygmunt Piotrowski and David Rapaport –continued to exert influence on practitionersin spite of overwhelming contrary evidence.
DESCRIPTION
• Type of test:
• What it measure:
• Number of items:
• Type of items:
• Norm:
Individual Test
Psychological disorders
10
Inkblots
Never been adequately normed
DESCRIPTION
VALIDITY
Rorschach inkblot test’s popularity (1940sand 1950s) was based on clinical evidencegathered from a group of Rorschach virtuososwho used blind analysis
DESCRIPTION
RELIABILITY
• Traditionally the Rorschach is believed to be unreliable.
• Through meta-analysis, K. Parker (1983) reported an overall internal reliability coefficient of .83
ADMINISTRATION
• Preliminary remarks concerning thepurpose of testing.
• Free association phase
• Inquiry
SCORING
• Location – where on the blot was the perceptseen(located)?
– Whole (W), Common detail (D), or Unusual detail(Dd)
• Determinant – What feature of the inkblotdetermined the response?
– Form (F), Movement (M, FM, m), Color (C),Shading (T)
SCORING
• Form Quality – To what extent did the perceptmatch the stimulus properties of the inkblot?
– F+ or +; F; F- or –
• Content – What was the percept?
– Human (H), Animal (A), Nature (N)
• Popular-original – How frequent is the perceptseen in normative samples?
SCORING
CONFABULATORY RESPONSESThe subject overgeneralizes from a part to a whole.
DISADVANTAGE
• Overpathologizing
• Lack of relationship to psychological diagnosis
• Lack of incremental validity
• The problem of “R”
EXNER’S COMPREHENSIVE
SYSTEM
RORSCHACH’S DEVELOPMENT
• Provides standardized administration, scoring, and interpretation.
• Placed emphasis on structural rather than content variables.
• Collected a considerable body of psychometric data.
• Uniform Rorschach system
EXNER’S CRITICS
• Atheoretical nature of approach
• Underutilization of content data
• Complexity of the system
• Small sample size, large number of variables, dearth of cross-validation studies, inaccessibility to public scrutiny.
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
• Standardized clinical interview described by Aronow and his colleagues.
• Projective method of accessing the internal world of the individual espoused by Paul Lerner.
• Joint representation
HOLTZMAN INKBLOT TEST
INKBLOT TEST
Name of Test:
Author:
Date Published:
Publisher:
Edition/Revision:
Holtzman Inkblot Test
Wayne Holtzman
1961
Springer International Publishing
DESCRIPTION
• Type of test:
• What it measures:
• Number of items:
• Type of items:
• Norm:
Individual Test
Personality Structure
2 forms of 45 cards
Inkblot
Ranging from 5-year-olds to adults
DISCUSSION
• Has standardized administration and scoring
• Subject is permitted to give only one response per card
• Has 22 dimensions of scoring
• Well established norms for each scoring category