rooms and doors - biocommunication · doors rna virus opens the door from fittest type to rna...
TRANSCRIPT
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RoomsandDoors
RNAvirusopensthedoorfromfittesttypetoRNAcollectives:apersonalaccountbyLuisVillarreal
CenterforVirusResearch,UniversityofCaliforniaIrvine
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Competition- oldroom(individualfittesttype,lyticvirus,selfish,
mathematical,gametheory,populationgenetics)
vsCooperation- newroom
(symbiosis,diffusegroupselection,persistentcryptic-virus,synergisticsocialgenomes,contextdependent,
regulatorynetworks)
Lyticvs persistentvirusasanecessaryset?!Silenceisgolden(andsmallRNAusuallyinvolved)
Thevirosphere isboth!
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Nolifeisfitunlessitisinthecontextofitscurrentvirosphere
CollectiveofRNAsub-agents
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Eigen’s QS: mutant halo around master fittest type (no interactions)A theoretical construct – little experimental reference
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VSVVirionandGenome
• Bulletshapedvirus• 5proteinspresentindifferentamounts(N,G,M,PandL)
• ~11,000bases,genesinoppositeorderofhowyouseemRNA
• LandPfunctiontogethertocapmRNA,generatemRNA,polyA +-senseviralmRNAandreplicateviralgenome(RNAsynthesisenzymesinvirion)
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Transcriptional Polarity
éDefectiveproduct;small(stem-loop)RNAs:stronginterferencewith‘masterfittesttype’– canpromotepersistence
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Fig. 7
QS#mixture#with#subpopula3ons#Subpopula3ons#work#together#####and#against#each#other#Not#needing#consensus#change#Can#suppress#‘Master#fi>est#type”###
Esteban#Domingo,#J.#Sheldon#and#C.##Perales.#2012.##“Viral#Quasispecies#Evolu3on.”#Microbiology*and*Molecular*Biology*Reviews#76#(2):#159–216:#
Polio/YFV#vaccine:#HCV#transplants#
Can#be#dis3nct#regions#under#dis3nct#pressure#
QSYC##(coopera3ve)#
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Perales,Mateo,Matue,Domingo.2007JMB
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Established characteristics of
quasispecies evolution¨ Not fittest type; a consortia that needs errors
(group selection with consensus type)¨ Participation of defectives and
mutants important (the lethal/unfit)¨ Complementation, cooperation, interference
preclusion, competition all occur¨ Diversity per se provides fitness¨ Preclusion of prior consensus type: dynamic
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TheHCVexamplar:QSbasedidentity/exclusion
DynamicpersistenceviaongoingRNAsynthesisQuasispeciesdeterminedbiologyGroup(clade)preclusion(identity)
Theroleofstem-loopRNAinteractions- consortia
Laskus T,WangL-F,Radkowski M,VargasH,Nowicki M,etal.2001.Exposureofhepatitiscvirus(hcv)rna-positiverecipientstohcv rna-positiveblooddonorsresultsinrapidpredominanceofasingledonorstrainandexclusionand/orsuppressionoftherecipientstrain.J.Virol. 75(5):2059–66
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Archer,EvaJ.,etal."Long-RangeArchitectureinaViralRNAGenome."Biochemistry (2013).
Satellitetobaccomosaicvirus(STMV)asthe‘hydrogen’of+RNAviruses(McPherson):coreroleforstem-loopRNAinteractions(1058nucs)
Strongevidencethat‘cooperative’longdistanceRNA-RNAinteractions(kissingloops)areneededforgeneexpressionandreplication.(FMDV,HCV- IRES)
RNAstem-loopsaspredecessors(viroids/hammerheads)– awaytocreateinteractingnetworks
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Secondarystructureofthe5ʹ-UTRoftheHIV-1genomicRNA(Deforges etal2011)
StemloopinteractionscrucialforRNAvirusreplication,RNAdimerization,provirusformation,regulation,packaging(Identity),bindtranscriptionfactors,GAGtranslation
RNAisinteractingasaQS-C,DNAisstable
ViruscanprovidesLTRs(viadefectives)enmasstohostDNA:.NewQS-CbasedRNAnetworkacquisition?
Similarly,defectiveviralDNAcolonizationevents(i.e.Maverick)canalsoprovidediffuseinteractingstem-loopRNAs(polyadenylation)
Sleiman,Dona,etal."InitiationofHIV-1reversetranscriptionandfunctionalroleofnucleocapsid-mediatedtRNA/viralgenomeinteractions."Virusresearch (2012)
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Virusroleinoriginoftheplacenta:Immunity/gametedevelopment/behavior
Darwinianview– exapted viralenv genesconvenientserialsourceofgenesformembranefusion&immuneregulation.Errorgeneratednetwork(serial)
Problems:10independenteventsdiversityofroles/biologyongoingERV/env displacementtransportsimmunity/notbarrieraffectthefirstcelltodifferentiatefailuretoexplainnetworkoriginsdoesnotaccountforcoherentcomplexity
Avirus-firstview– PersistenceaskeyviadefectivesviruspersistencemodifiesimmunityviaERV/QSandaddictionmodules,allowsgroupsurvivalandcreatesidentity
networksBehavior- motherhood
DistinctviralrolealsoinparasitoidwaspreproductionEXVIRUSOMNIA!