rome - scasocialstudies.weebly.comscasocialstudies.weebly.com/uploads/9/0/0/9/9009434/__rome.pdf ·...
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![Page 1: Rome - scasocialstudies.weebly.comscasocialstudies.weebly.com/uploads/9/0/0/9/9009434/__rome.pdf · Rome Victorious •A new general took over the army –Named Scipio •Greatest](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042923/5f7135854580be1b0b3f6a0a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rome
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The Legend Rome
• Two orphans were found
– Named Romulus and Remus
• Decided to build a city to remember rescue
• Argued over where to build the city
• Romulus killed his brother
– Built city on his grave
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Rome: From
Village to
Empire
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c. 750 BCE: Latins (tribe) settle what becomes Rome
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See Rome Expand!
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Let’s Talk Topography and Geography
peninsula mountains rivers
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Rome is west of Apennines Mts: more fertile land & river access
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The early Romans were mostly…
farmers
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In 509 BCE...
…the
Romans
overthrew
the
Etruscans
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It’s interesting to note that this was the precise time
that we think of Greece as entering its Classical Era.
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c. 600 BCE:
Etruscans
Conquer Rome…
…Romans adopt
Etruscan alphabet,
art, gods, building
techniques (including
the arch)
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– Skilled at trading and architecture
– Rome was ruled by a king
– Brought Rome to great power
Impact of Etruscans
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Rome the Republic
• In 509 B.C. nobles overthrew king
• The Roman republic was built
• Latins became known as Romans
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What is a Republic?
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Unlike the Athenians, who had a direct or participatory
democracy, the Romans established a representative
democracy, or, a REPUBLIC…
…like we have today
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The Roman Republic
• Republic comes from Latin word
– Means “belonging to the people”
• Citizens elect representatives
– To pass laws
• In beginning, only patricians could vote
– The noble class
• Plebeians could not vote
– Workers, foreigners, merchants, artisans
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Roman Social Structure
in the Republic
Patricians: wealthy landowners and office-holders
Plebeians: farmers, artisans, traders…could vote but
not hold political office
Slaves: mostly prisoners of war…not
citizens…no rights
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The Roman Assembly
• Plebeians protested and won
• The Assembly was started
– Leaders were called Tribunes
• Patricians started the Senate
– Leaders were called Consuls
– Had the power to make rules
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The Power of the Plebeians
• Held the power of Veto
• Used to stop the Senate at any time
• Plebeians gradually gained more power
• Eventually Plebeians and Patricians had
the same power
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Protecting the Republic
• The army was the strength of Rome
• Soldiers were well trained and disciplined
• Soldiers were called Legionaries
– Divided up into legions
• Romans legions conquered all of Italy
• Spread empire to all Northern Africa
– In the Punic Wars
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Read page 152
for a description of a legionary
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Gradually, the
Romans began
to expand their
control…
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…until they had conquered the entire Italian peninsula
plus the islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily
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Who do you think would be a likely rival for control
of the Mediterranean Sea?
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Between 264-146 BCE the Romans
fought three wars with Carthage,
known as the Punic Wars.
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The Punic Wars
• Fought between Carthage and Rome
• Largest war in ancient history
– Lasted more than 100 years
– Hundreds of thousands of casualties
• Rome was rising to power
– Challenged Carthage for power
– By end of wars, Carthage was destroyed
• Consisted of 3 wars
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The Second Punic War
• Carthage general Hannibal invaded Italy
– Tried to get the support of Roman citizens
• Gathered his army in Spain
• Invaded over the Alps
– Many soldiers died crossing the mountains
• Hannibal won many battles
– But could not completely defeat Romans
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Rome Victorious
• A new general took over the army
– Named Scipio
• Greatest Roman general
• Led Rome to great victory
• Scipio left Rome and attacked Carthage
• Scipio defeated Hannibal and won the war
– Hannibal committed suicide instead of
surrendering
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The Expansion of Rome
• Following the 2nd Punic War, Rome
expanded its empire
• Conquered Greece and the rest of the
Greek empire
• Gained control of most of the
Mediterranean Sea
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Changes in Rome
• Soldiers returned to a different Rome
– Their land was taken
– Moved to city for work
– The rich took advantage of poor
– No jobs because of slaves
– Corruption was everywhere
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As they expanded
their control…
…the Romans built
an excellent network
of roads
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Here’s how they built them:
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Their road system is one of the Romans’
greatest achievements
Why do you think they built them?
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Open Your Book to
pg 155
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The Fall of the Roman
Republic
• Plebeians became complacent
– Did not participate in government
• Men started trying to rise to power
– Very violent time in Rome
– Civil war broke out
• In 100 B.C. Julius Caesar was born
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Julius Caesar
• Born a patrician
– Received excellent education
• Rose quickly to positions of leadership
• Outstanding military general
– Conquered Gaul for Rome
– Fought for nine years
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Conquest of Rome
• Caesars popularity threatened the Roman
leadership
– The Senate ordered the army disbanded
• Caesar disobeyed and brought his army to Rome
• Launched Rome in to a civil war
– Between Caesar and Pompey
– Lasted for 4 years
• The Senate proclaimed Caesar dictator of Rome
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“Crossing the Rubicon”
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The Reign of Caesar
• Made his rule for life
• Limited the power of the corrupt Senate
• Granted citizenship to territories
• Promoted many causes – Colonization
– Schools
– Libraries
– Public works
• Caesar unified the Roman Empire
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The Fall of Caesar
• The people become discontent
– Wanted government to “belong to the people”
• Senators plotted to kill Caesar
– Cassius and Brutus started the plot
• Killed Caesar on March 15th in the Senate
• The assassination did not solve the problems
• Launched Rome into a new era
– Men, not laws ruled the Roman empire
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Rome the Empire
• Octavian took over from Caesar
– Caesar’s adopted son
– Took title of imperator
– Tried to restore trust in government
– Gave power back to the Senate
– Called Princeps and Augustus • “First citizen” and “Revered one”
– Led Rome into the Pax Romana • “Peace of Rome”
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The period 27 BCE-180 AD (the last two
maps) is known as the:
PAX ROMANA
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During this period:
o Romans thought they were the entire civilized world
o The population of the city of Rome reached 1 million
o Trade increased, bringing a wealth of resources into Rome
o The arts flourished
o Rome enjoyed military dominance
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Education in the Empire
• In the republic, children were schooled at
home
• In the empire, Romans used pedagogues
– Girls and boys studied reading, writing, and
math
– Boys continued with Latin, Greek, history
geography, astronomy, literature
– Became citizen at 16
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Religion in Rome
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Architecture
• Rome’s greatest artistic achievement
• Built for practical reasons
• First to use concrete – Very durable
• Famous for the arch – Put together to form domes
• Pantheon
• Built extensive aqueducts