: , , . . , , , , .. (source, vehicle)------- (target, tenor) 1. 2. 3. 4. , F. de Saussure [/ (langue)/] [/ (parole) /] N. Chomsky (competence) -- (performance) / Bradford (1994) o , / Bradford, R. 1994. Roman Jakobson: Life, Language, Art. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.

, , , In absentia , , , In praesentia , = , = (), (.. , .) . , . , . 1. 1.

1.

1.

*

/

= = , , ,

(substitution) / (condensation) *

( ) ( )

2. 2.

- , - -: , .

2. [ ] [ ]

Roman Jakobson 1956 Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances in R.Jakobson & M.Halle Fundamentals of Language