role of radio in technology applications
DESCRIPTION
ROLE OF RADIO IN TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS. BILL LUTHER FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT AND WIRELESS - - PRINCIPLES, FORCES, POLICIES, AND AUCTIONS INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS WIRELESS SYSTEMS - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ROLE OF RADIO INTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
BILL LUTHERFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
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TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRUM
MANAGEMENT AND WIRELESS - - PRINCIPLES, FORCES, POLICIES, AND AUCTIONS
• INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS• WIRELESS SYSTEMS• NEW WIRELESS SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENTS• MOBILE WIRELESS• FIXED WIRELESS• GLOBAL POSITIONING• SATELLITE SERVICES• SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL SHARING • MARKETS, ACCESS, AND REVENUES
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SPECTRUM MANAGMENTSPECTRUM
MONITORING
DATABASE
SPECTRUMMANAGEMENT
LAW ENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION OF RADIO
INSTALLATIONS
LICENSING, ASSIGNMENT AND
BILLING
RULES, REGULATIONS,
AND STANDARDS
SPECTRUM ENGINEERING
SPECTRUM PLANNING AND ALLOCATION
LEGAL AND REGULATORY FOUNDATION
FREQUENCY COORDINATION AND NOTIFICATION
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THE SIX PRINCIPLES OFSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
1. COMPETITION2. MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY OF USE3. PUBLIC INTEREST4. LICENSING AND FEE POLICIES5. PROMOTE ADMINISTRATIVE CERTAINTY
AND REDUCE DELAY6. NATIONAL DECISIONS IN GLOBAL MARKET
CONTEXT MEETING INTERNATIONAL NEEDS
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1. COMPETITION• RELY ON MARKET FORCES TO ENSURE
ECONOMICALLY EFFICIENT USE OF SPECTRUM (PERMIT AND PROMOTE COMPETITION)
• AVOID MANDATING SPECIFIC SYSTEMS• MINIMIZE REGULATIONS THAT LIMIT
COMPETITION, OBSTRUCT INNOVATION, OR IMPEDE EFFICIENT INVESTMENT
• INTERVENE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY TO PRESERVE OR PROMOTE COMPETITION (CONSIDER SPECTRUM CAPS TO ENSURE COMPETITION)
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2. FLEXIBILITY
• MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY TO RESPOND TO MARKET FORCES (ATTRIBUTES OF PROPERTY RIGHTS)– SPECTRUM AVAILABLE FOR ADDITIONAL PURPOSES– ALLOW FOR AUTHORIZATION TRANSFER
• FLEXIBLE SCOPE AND FREEDOM TO DETERMINE– AMOUNT OF SPECTRUM TO BE OCCUPIED– GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERVED
• ESTABLISH STANDARDS SPARINGLY
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3. PUBLIC INTEREST• WHERE THE MARKET IS UNLIKELY TO
PRODUCE ESSENTIAL PUBLIC BENEFITS IN ADEQUATE QUANTITIES, MINIMUM INTERVENTION MAY APPLY TO ENSURE THESE BENEFITS ARE ACHIEVED– SPECTRUM SET ASIDES FOR PUBLIC SERVICES OR
BENEFITS– MARKETS DO NOT FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY WHERE
A DOMINANT PRODUCER HAS SUBSTANTIAL MARKET POWER (DIVERSITY)
– INABILITY TO FULLY INCORPORATE COSTS OR BENEFITS INTO CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING
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4. LICENSING AND FEE POLICIES
• SUPPORT SPECTRUM VALUE• ASSURANCE OF PUBLICLY BENEFICIAL USE
(CONSIDER SPECIAL NEEDS, E.G., SMALL BUSINESSES)
• EXPEDITE SPECTRUM ASSIGNMENTS• IN GENERAL, COMPETITIVE BIDDING HAS PROVEN
TO BE AN EFFECTIVE MEANS BUT THERE MAY BE EXCEPTIONS, E.G., SATELLITE OR TRANSNATIONAL SERVICES
• ALTERNATIVELY, FIX FAIR MONETARY COMPENSATION BY FEES
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5. ADMINISTRATIVE CERTAINTY
• ESTABLISH FIRM GROUND RULES– INTERFERENCE– RANGE OF FLEXIBILITY– ACCOMMODATION OF PREEXISTING USERS– OTHER RULES AFFECTING RIGHTS AND
OBLIGATIONS INCLUDING REASONABLE SERVICE OR TECHNICAL RULES
– AVOID DELAY IN ALLOCATING AND ASSIGNING– EXPECTATION OF RENEWAL AT TERM END
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6. GLOBAL MARKET CONTEXT
• ENCOURAGE EFFICIENT WORLDWIDE SPECTRUM USE TO ENSURE SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY
• PROMOTE COMPETITION AND FLEXIBLE SPECTRUM USE WORLDWIDE, LIMITED AS NECESSARY TO ASSURE CONSISTENCY AND REASONABLE DEGREE OF GLOBAL INTEGRATION
• PROMOTE SEAMLESS, WORLDWIDE NETWORKS• CONNECTIVITY TO WORLD’S CITIZENS, ESPECIALLY
DEVELOPING NATIONS
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6. GLOBAL MARKET- continued
• ENSURE DOMESTIC POLICIES CONSISTENT WITH WORLD SPECTRUM POLICIES
• COORDINATE DOMESTIC/INTERNATIONAL POLICIES
• COORDINATE WITH OTHER NATIONS (SATELLITES AND TERRESTRIAL)
• PROMOTE REVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROCEDURES THAT CREATE ARTIFICIAL ORBIT/SPECTRUM SCARCITY
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FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• INTERNET• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS)• PRIVATIZATION• COMPETITION and ECONOMICS • TECHNOLOGY and INNOVATION• PUBLIC INTEREST• CONSUMERS' INTERESTS• WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION and INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION AGREEMENTS (OPEN MARKETS)
• FOREIGN OWNERSHIP/ACCESS (INVESTMENT)• EARTH ENVIRONMENT
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SECONDARY SPECTRUM MARKET POLICIES
• REMOVE, RELAX OR CHANGE RULES TO PROMOTE SECONDARY MARKET PROCESSES
• FLEXIBILITY AND FUNGIBILITY• ENCOURAGE ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY TO
FACILITATE SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIOS• ENCOURAGE BROKERS AND SPECTRUM
EXCHANGES• LEASING WIRELESS SPECTRUM RIGHTS
(CELLULAR, PCS, SMR, LMDS, MICROWAVE)
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AUCTION BENEFITS• MOST EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF
LICENSING SPECTRUM• DECREASES TIME TO SERVICE• TECHNOLOGY REACHES MARKETPLACE MORE
QUICKLY (STIMULATES COMPETITION, CREATES NEW JOBS, SPURS ECONOMIC GROWTH)
• NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ON A FAIR AND EQUITABLE BASIS
• SPECTRUM IS PUT INTO HANDS OF THOSE WHO VALUE IT THE MOST
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MITIGATION TECHNIQUES THAT MAY BE USED AT THE TRANSMITTER• PRACTICAL HARDWARE AND SYSTEM MEASURES:
– TRANSMITTER ARCHITECTURE– GUARDBANDS– RF FILTERS TO REDUCE UNWANTED EMISSIONS– DESIGN OF THE OUTPUT POWER AMPLIFIER TO AVOID SPECTRAL
REGROWTH OF RF SIGNALS INTO ADJACENT BANDS, OR INTERMODULATION
– USE COMPONENTS THAT OPERATE WITH MORE LINEAR CHARACTERISTICS
– DESIGN OF THE MODULATION PROCESS TO MINIMIZE UNWANTED EMISSIONS
– ANTENNA PATTERNS• TRAFFIC LOADING MANAGEMENT• DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL• TIME SHARING• IN THE CASE OF MULTI-SATELLITE SYSTEMS, SATELLITE CONSTELLATION
MANAGEMENT
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MITIGATION TECHNIQUES THAT MAY BE USED BY
PASSIVE SERVICES• SITE SHIELDING AND SITE SELECTION• QUIET ZONES AND COORDINATION ZONES• RECEIVER ARCHITECTURE• ANTENNA PATTERNS• ANALOGUE FILTERING AT EITHER RF OR IF
STAGES• INTERFERENCE EXCISION TECHNIQUES• DIGITAL ADAPTIVE INTERFERENCE
CANCELLATION • ADJUSTMENT OF SENSITIVITY LEVELS• COOPERATIVE SOLUTIONS• GUARDBANDS
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WIRELESS EVERYWHERE• WIRELESS WILL BE IN MULTIPLE
BANDS• THERE IS A DIVERSITY OF ACCESS
NEEDS AND SERVICES• NO ONE STANDARD• ULTRA WIDEBAND• TECHNOLOGY BECOMES CHEAPER
IN THE MARKETPLACE
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MOBILE DATA EVERYWHERE
THE NUMBER OF MOBILE DATA USERS WILL TOTAL MORE THAN
ONE BILLION WORLDWIDE IN 2005, EXCEEDING THE NUMBER OF
WIRED INTERNET USERS, (ESTIMATED TO BE 75% OF THE
NUMBER OF MOBILE DATA USERS)
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WIRELESS SERVICES• ACCESS TO LOCAL AREA WIRED
NETWORKS• ACCESS TO HOME TV CABLE • PUBLIC FIXED WIRELESS • SATELLITE ACCESS
– V-SATS (SMALL APERTURE DISHES)– VOICE– BROADBAND
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WIRELESS SPECTRUM * NEW DEVELOPMENTS *
• 220 - 222 MHz• 2 GHz• 2.1 - 2.7 GHz• 2.3 GHz• 3.65 - 3.7 GHz• 4.6 GHz• 12 GHz• 24 GHz• 27.5 - 31.3 GHz• 36.0 - 51.4 GHz
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220-222 MHz
• FLEXIBLE - - FIXED AND LAND MOBILE
• VOICE AND DATA (DISPATCH AND PAGING)
• 200 NARROWBAND (5 kHz) CHANNELS
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2 GHz
• INTRODUCTION OF MOBILE-SATELLITE SERVICES IN 2 GHz SPECTRUM TO ALLOW NEW, NONGEOSTATIONARY MOBILE-SATELLITE SERVICES TO PROVIDE COMPETITION TO L-BAND GEO AND NGSO MOBILE-SATELLITE SERVICES
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2.1-2.7 GHz• MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION (MDS)• MULTICHANNEL MULTIPOINT
DISTRIBUTION (MMDS)• INSTRUCTIONAL TV FIXED (ITFS)• 82 MHz OF SYMBIOTIC SHARING• SERVICE AND MODULATION FLEXIBILITY - -
DIGITAL; TWO-WAY VOICE; DATA; PAGING• TRADITIONAL ONE-WAY VIDEO AND
WIRELESS CABLE ARE SHOULD BE PROTECTED
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2.3 GHz• WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
SERVICE (WCS)• 30 MHz TOTAL IN SIX, 5 MHz
PAIRED, CHANNEL BLOCKS• SERVICE PENDING• MEXICO MAY IMPLEMENT S-DARS
IN THE WCS BANDS
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3.65-3.70 GHz
• NEW SPECTRUM - - PRIMARY FIXED (POINT-TO-POINT AND POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT)
• VOICE, DATA, AND VIDEO IN HIGH-SPEED BROADBAND SERVICE
• INTERNET ACCESS; TELECONFERENCING
• COMPETITION TO LAST MILE
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4.6 GHz• GENERAL WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE• FLEXIBLE - - FIXED AND OTHER
SERVICE• 25 MHz TOTAL IN FIVE, 5 MHz
CONTIGUOUS BANDS IN ECONOMIC (GEOGRAPHIC) AREAS
• SIGNAL LIMITED TO 55 dB(uV/m) AT EDGE OF DEFINED SERVICE AREA
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12 GHz
• WRC-1997 ADOPTED FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS FOR ADDITION OF NONGEOSTATIONARY FIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE SHARING WITH THE BROADCASTING-SATELLITE AND THE FIXED SERVICES, BASED ON PROTECTION CRITERIA AGREED AT WRC-2000 (ISTANBUL)
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24 GHz
• DIGITAL ELECTRONIC MESSAGING• POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT USE• TWO-WAY VOICE AND TEXT - -
POTENTIAL FOR HIGH-CAPACITY FWA
• TOTAL OF 400 MHz IN TWO, 200 MHz BANDS, 500 MHz APART
• TRANSITION FROM 18 GHz BY 2001
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27.5-31.3 GHz• LOCAL MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION
SERVICE (LMDS)• LOCAL ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY
WIRELESS TELEPHONY, HIGH-SPEED VIDEO AND DATA (BROADBAND) ON COMMON CARRIER OR NON-COMMON CARRIER BASIS - CELLULAR TV
• CONNECTING INTERNET/PSTN• COMPETITOR TO LEC AND TV CABLE• 1.3 GHz PER U.S.A. LICENSE
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36.0-51.4 GHz
• V-BAND: CERTAIN BANDS DECIDED IN FOR FSS, FIXED, AND MOBILE SERVICES
• HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORMS • COMMERCIAL BROADBAND FWA,
VIDEO, DATA • 5.6 GHz ADDITIONAL TO EXISTING 2.4
GHz = 8 GHz TOTAL FIXED WIRELESS
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Generations of Terrestrial Commercial Wireless Systems
TimeCap
abili
ty E
nhan
cem
ents
by
Gen
erat
ion Mobile telephone
Analog cellular technology
Macro cells
Digital voice, messaging & data services
Fixed wireless loop, wireless LAN services
Digital cellular & PCS
Macro, micro & pico cells
Greatly enhanced data communications services
Narrowband and wideband multimedia services
Higher spectrum for wideband applications
Macro, micro & pico cells
Very high bit rate (> 2 Mb/s) multimedia enhancements
1980 1990 2000 2010
1GW
2GW
3GW
2020
IMT-2000 and Beyond
Future Evolution
Time1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Glo
baliz
atio
n
Nat
’l
Reg
’L
In
t’l
Historical (2G)Recent Past (3G)
Current and Future (3G and Beyond)
Standardization Activities Relative to the Generations
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WIRELESS HANDSET PENETRATION
4%
29%32%35%40%41%53%57%
65%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
SOURCE: DENNIS H. LEIBOWITZ, ET AL, THE GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY, DONALDSON, LUFKIN & JENRETTE, SUMMER 1999-2000. AT 64 AND 78 CHINA AND JAPAN AS OF APRIL 2000
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TOTAL HANDSET SUBSCRIBERS BY COUNTRY
86
53 51
30 24 23 205 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Milli
ons
Source: Dennis H. Leibowitz et al, The Global Wireless Communications Industry, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Summer 2000, at 64, 78. China and Japan as of April 2000.
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ITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F• WP8F, REPLACING TG 8/1, IS THE GLOBAL FOCAL
POINT FOR THE CONTINUING VISION OF NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SERVICES AND SYSTEMS, ACTING AS A FORUM FOR USER REQUIREMENTS AND AS A CATALYST FOR TRANSLATING THOSE REQUIREMENTS INTO TECHNICAL REALITY
• WP8F HAS THE CHALLENGING TASK OF SUPPORTING THE NEAR TERM NEEDS OF THE IMT-2000 MARKETPLACE WHILE EXPLORING WHERE WE MIGHT GO IN THE WIRELESS WORLD OF THE FUTURE
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FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS• WHAT IS FWA?
– BROADBAND, BROADERBAND, NARROWBAND, VOICE, DATA, INTERNET, VIDEO, TELEMEDICINE, TELE-EDUCATION, CONNECTIVITY, . . .
• DATA OVER FWA; MEGABYTES AND EVEN GIGABYTES/SECOND• DEFINITIONS IN JRG 8A-9B
– WIRELESS ACCESS– MOBILE WIRELESS ACCESS– NOMADIC WIRELESS ACCESS– BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS– END USER AND END USER CONNECTION POINT– HAPS– MULTIPOINT SYSTEMS
• FWA IS NOT AN ALLOCATION OR SPECTRUM DESIGNATION
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FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS• FWA WILL BE IN MULTIPLE BANDS• THERE IS A DIVERSITY OF FWA
NEEDS AND SERVICES• NO ONE STANDARD BECAUSE FWA
CUSTOMERS DON’T MOVE AROUND
• TECHNOLOGY BECOMES CHEAPER IN THE MARKETPLACE
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FWA VISION• PROMOTE COMPETITION• DEREGULATE AS COMPETITION
DEVELOPS• PROTECT CONSUMERS• ENSURE BROAD ACCESS TO
COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY
• FOSTER INNOVATION• ADVANCE COMPETITIVE GOALS
WORLDWIDE
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FWA FACTORS• NEED TO TRANSMIT LARGER VOLUMES OF
INFORMATION, E.G., BANDWIDTH• INCREASED SPENDING BY SMALL AND MID-
SIZED BUSINESS• DESIRE TO INTEGRATE VOICE AND DATA
• NEED FOR GREATER INTEROPERABILITY• A REQUIREMENT FOR COST-EFFECTIVE
SOLUTIONS TO BUSINESS PROBLEMS
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GLOBAL POSITIONINGGPS
• 18 NGSO SATELLITES AT 20,000 km• 20 MHz SPREAD SPECTRUM SIGNAL (BPSK
MODULATION)• POSITION TO +/- 10 m IN 3 DIMENSIONS• TIME/FREQUENCY STANDARD
– TIME TO ~340 NANOSECONDS– FREQUENCY TO 10-14 WITH ATOMIC CLOCK
• AVAILABLE ON A WRISTWATCH ($500)• 2000 GLOBAL MARKET OF $8 BILLION
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GLOBAL POSITIONINGGLONASS
• 24 NGSO SATELLITES AT 19,000 km• FDMA EMISSION (BPSK MODULATION)• POSITION TO +/- 30 m LAT/LONG AND +/-
60 m ALTITUDE• TIME/FREQUENCY STANDARD
– TIME TO ~700 NANOSECONDS– FREQUENCY TO 10-13 WITH ATOMIC
CLOCK
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DIFFERENTIAL POSITIONING
BASEKNOWN POSITION
REMOTECORRECTED
POSITION
DATA LINK
RANGE CORRECTIONS
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DIFFERENTIAL AND COMBINED GPS/GLONASS
POSITIONING
• ENHANCED AVAILABILITY IN OBSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENTS
• BETTER POSITIONING TO CM ACCURACY• USEFUL FOR MARITIME AND AERONAUTICAL
NAVIGATION
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SATELLITE SERVICES OVERVIEW
TELEPHONE• Telephone Trunking - Domestic / Regional• Telephone Trunking - International• Wireless Telephony - Business Users• Wireless Telephony - Primary Users
TELEVISION• Broadcast & Cable Relay• Direct to Home (e.g., DBS)
DATA COMMUNICATION• Wireless networks• Internet to the end-user• Fixed asset management• Messaging• Mobile asset management• Internet backbone• Fiber-like networks• Multicasting/caching
RADIO• Broadcast Radio Relay• Direct to Consumer Radio Services
REMOTE SENSING• Commercial Remote Sensing
NAVIGATION• Navigation
• Position Location• Timing
MILITARY GOVERNMENT• Communication
• Navigation• Remote Sensing
• Meteorology• Scientific & Technical Research
CIVIL GOVERNMENT• Communication
• Navigation• Remote Sensing
• Meteorology• Scientific & Technical Research
• Human Space Activities
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SATELLITE SERVICES - A TALE OF TWO MARKETS
TRANSPONDER LEASING
RETAIL & SUBSCRIPTIONS• Direct-to-Home• Wireless telephone services• Mobile data services• Fixed data services (VSATs)• Remote Sensing
TRANSPONDER LEASINGDOMINATED THE SATELLITE INDUSTRY FOR OVER 20 YEARS
RETAIL & SUBSCRIPTIONSERVICES DELIVERED DIRECTLY TO END-USERS DOMINATE THE SATELLITE SERVICES SECTOR TODAY
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WORLDWIDE REVENUE SATELLITE SERVICES
$5.20 $5.7 $6.1 $7.6 $8.3
$10.6$15.4 $18.4
$22.6$27.8
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
$40.00
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Rev
enue
(in
billi
ons)
Subscription/Retail Services RevenueTransponder Leasing Revenues
Source: SIA/Futron Corporation
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SATELLITES ARE AN ENABLING TECHNOLOGY
• SATELLITES ARE THE MOST COST EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT WAY FOR TV AND RADIO BROADCASTERS TO DELIVER PROGRAMMING
• SATELLITES ENABLE NEWS, SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT CHANNELS TO BRING A DIVERSITY OF PROGRAMMING TO CONSUMERS
• SATELLITES ENABLE CABLE TV COMPANIES TO RECEIVE PROGRAMMING AT THEIR HEAD-ENDS FOR DELIVERY VIA CABLE TO THEIR CUSTOMERS.
• SATELLITES CARRY TERRESTRIAL WIRELESS SERVICES SUCH AS PAGING TRAFFIC TO LOCAL NETWORKS AROUND THE COUNTRY.
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SATELLITES ARE A UNIQUE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
• SATELLITES PROVIDE AFFORDABLE “INSTANT INFRASTRUCTURE” BY EXTENDING AND COMPLEMENTING TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS.
• SATELLITES ARE THE ONLY WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN PROVIDE UNIVERSAL CONNECTIVITY WITHIN THEIR COVERAGE AREAS.
• SATELLITES ARE COST-INSENSITIVE TO DISTANCE SERVING BOTH RURAL AND URBAN MARKETS AT THE SAME PRICE.
• THE FLEXIBLE ARCHITECTURE OF SATELLITE NETWORKS MAKE THEM EASY TO DEPLOY AND RE-DEPLOY IN A VARIETY OF CONFIGURATIONS
• SATELLITE CAPACITY PROVIDES VIRTUALLY ANY TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE THAT CAN BE PROVIDED BY TERRESTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES.
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INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE REGULATORY ISSUES
• SINCE A SINGLE SATELLITE CAN SERVE MANY COUNTRIES, SYSTEMS REQUIRE HARMONIZED FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS ACROSS REGIONS AND AROUND THE GLOBE.
• WITHOUT WIDESPREAD MARKET ACCESS, SATELLITE SYSTEMS LOSE THEIR GREATEST STRENGTHS AND RISK THEIR COST EFFECTIVENESS.
• SPECTRUM AUCTIONS
• IT IS DIFFICULT FOR SATELLITE SERVICE PROVIDERS TO CALCULATE THE COSTS AND TIME IT WOULD TAKE TO PARTICIPATE IN SPECTRUM AUCTIONS IN EVERY COUNTRY THEY SERVE.
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SATELLITE FREQUENCY BANDS
• L BAND 1-2 GHZ MOBILE SERVICES• S BAND 2.5-4 GHZ MOBILE SERVICES• C BAND 3.7-8 GHZ FIXED SERVICES• X BAND 7.25-12 GHZ MILITARY • Ku BAND 12-18 GHZ FIXED SERVICES• Ka BAND 18-30.4 GHZ FIXED SERVICES• V BAND 37.5-50.2 GHZ FIXED SERVICES
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EUROPEAN DTH• LARGEST DTH MARKET IN THE WORLD
– APPROXIMATELY 25 MILLION DTH HOMES• 20 MILLION WESTERN EUROPE• 5 MILLION EASTERN EUROPE
– GROWTH CONTINUING• ASTRA & EUTELSAT DRIVING THE
MARKET• HUGE ANALOG BASE, DIGITAL ARRIVING
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LATIN AMERICAN DTH• DOMESTIC SYSTEMS IN
OPERATION– BRAZIL, MEXICO, ARGENTINA
• NEW DIGITAL PLATFORMS GROWING FAST– DIRECTV LATIN AMERICA – NEWS CORP/TELEVISA/GLOBO/TCI
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ASIA-PACIFIC DTHPOTENTIAL MARKET IS HUGE
– 2.7 BILLION PEOPLE, 400 MILLION TV SETS– 8.5 MILLION DTH HOMES & GROWING FAST
SUPER-REGIONAL & REGIONAL SYSTEMS– ASIASAT, PAS, APSTAR, ETC. SERVE VAST
AREAS– PALAPA, THIACOM, JCSAT, KOREASAT, ETC.
DIGITAL DTH SYSTEMS ON THE WAY
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DTH IN THE MIDDLE EAST
• SPECIALIZED DIGITAL PLATFORMS LAUNCHED– ORBIT – SHOWTIME
• SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL BARRIERS EXIST– TOTAL BAN ON DTH IN SOME NATIONS– DIGITAL MMDS LAUNCHED IN SAUDI
ARABIA
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VSAT SERVICES• CORPORATIONS USE VSATS FOR INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT, POINT OF SALE DATA COLLECTION, CREDIT-CARD VALIDATION AND E-MAIL DELIVERY
• DELIVERING DATA FROM MULTIPLE LOCATIONS TO HUBS, DELIVERY CENTERS AND CORPORATE HQS SAVES BILLIONS OF DOLLARS PER YEAR IN LEASED LINE TELEPHONE COSTS
• FOR CONSUMERS, VSATS ENABLE SERVICES SUCH AS “PAY-AT-THE-PUMP” FOR GASOLINE AND SECURE ATM WITHDRAWL FROM BANKS
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PUBLIC SECTOR V-SAT USERS
Sector Sites Area ServedRural Telephony: 2,000 Thailand
3,000 South Africa500 Peru
4,000 IndonesiaDistanceLearning:
1,000 Australia
1,000 U.K.1,000 U.S.
Source: IBM Network Services
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DECLINING V-SAT EQUIPMENT COSTS
1st Generation: $10,000-20,000 C-Band Data Only
1980
2nd Generation $5,000-10,000 C/Ku-Band Voice+Data
1990
3rd Generation $1,000+ C/Ku/Ka-Bands Multimedia
2000
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MSS GEOSTATIONARY SYSTEMS
• INMARSAT 9 SATELLITES GLOBAL• AMSC/MSAT 1 SATELLITE U.S./CANADA• SOLIDARIDAD2 SATELLITES MEXICO• N STAR 1 SATELLITE JAPAN • OPTUS 2 SATELLITES AUSTRALIA• ACTel 1 SATELLITE AFRICA• ACeS 1 SATELLITE ASIA PACIFIC• SATPHONE 3 SATELLITES
MID-EAST/AFRICA*• ASC 2 SATELLITES AFRICA/ASIA*
* proposed systems* proposed systems
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LITTLE LEO MSS SYSTEMS
• ORBCOMM 36 SATELLITES• E-SAT 6 SATELLITES• FINAL ANALYSIS 26 SATELLITES• LEO One 48 SATELLITES• VITA 3 SATELLITES
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MSS MARKETPLACE FAILURES• MSS IS A SMALL SEGMENT OF THE GLOBAL
SATELLITE INDUSTRY
• IRIDIUM, ICO, AND GLOBALSTAR WERE A SUCCESS FROM A REGULATORY STANDPOINT IN BOTH THE U.S. AND INTERNATIONALLY
• THERE ARE INEVITABLE FAILURES IN THE WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKETPLACE
• HIGH-PROFILE TERRESTRIAL WIRELESS FAILURES INCLUDE COMPANIES SUCH AS NEXTWAVE (PCS) AND TELETV (LMDS)
• DBS WAS A DRAMATIC MARKET FAILURE THE FIRST TIME IT WAS INTRODUCED IN THE 1980S (COMSAT)
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SATELLITE BROADBAND APPLICATIONS
FOR BUSINESSES & CONSUMERS
• INTERNET ACCESS• VIDEOCONFERENCING• HIGH-QUALITY VOICE• E-COMMERCE• TELECOMMUTING
• DISTANCE LEARNING• TELEMEDICINE• CORPORATE
NETWORKING• MULTIMEDIA• STREAMING CONTENT
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61
GLOBAL SATELLITE INDUSTRY REVENUE
1996Total: $44.9 B
1997Total: $57.5 B
1998Total: $65.9 B
S atellite M anufac turing
Launch Indus try
S atellite S ervices
Ground E quipm ent
$12.5 B$6.9 B
$9.7 B$15.9 B
$15.9 B$7.9 B
$12.5 B$21.2 B
$17.6 B
$7.0 B
$15.2 B$26.2 B
Source: GVF, SIA, Futron Corporation, Satellite Industry Indicators Survey 1998
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SATELLITE SUMMARY• SATELLITES COMPETE WITH TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS
ACROSS A BROAD RANGE OF SERVICES – TV, RADIO, TELEPHONY, BROADBAND
• SATELLITES ARE THE ONLY TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN SERVE RURAL AND URBAN AREAS AT THE SAME LOW COST
• SATELLITES ENABLE MANY OTHER TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATIONS AND ENTERTAINMENT SERVICES
• SATELLITES PROVIDE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH A LOW-COST CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET
• SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY CAN HELP BRIDGE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
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BSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
• SHARING WITH NGSO FSS OPERATIONS IS FEASIBLE
• TERRESTRIAL MVDDS CAN OPERATE AT 12.2-12.7 GHZ ON NON-HARMFUL INTERFERENCE BASIS
• TECHNICAL AND SERVICE RULES PENDING
• INTERFERENCE TESTING MANDATORY
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GLOBAL BROADBAND MARKET MILLIONS OF SUBSCRIBERS
05
101520253035404550
1999 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007
LMDSSatelliteCable Mod.xDSL
Source: Publications Resource Group
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ACCESS IN THE U.S.• ONE-QUARTER OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC
GROWTH IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY• 30 MILLION HOMES HAVE INTERNET• 80 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE INTERNET ACCESS• 11 MILLION CHRISTMAS-SHOPPED ON-LINE• 25% OF RETAILERS HAVE A HOMEPAGE AND
HAD $10 BILLION SALES IN 2001• DATA TRAFFIC SURPASSED VOICE IN 1998
WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?
COMPETITION!
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ACCESS IN THE WORLD• ACCESS ON AN EQUAL FOOTING WILL FOSTER
STRONG ECONOMIES• UNIVERSAL ACCESS CRAFTS NATIONS, LINKS
CONTINENTS, LINKS PEOPLE
OUR WORLDWIDE COMMON GOALIS TO BRING COMPETITION TO
TELECOMMUNICATIONS WHILEPRESERVING UNIVERSAL ACCESS
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GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
MARKET REVENUE
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
BIL
LIO
NS
SOURCE: ITU, SMITH BARNEY
•REVENUES ARE EXPECTED TO GROW AT APPROXIMATELY 10% PER YEAR
•REVENUES ARE EXPECTED TO REACH $1 TRILLION BY THE YEAR 2000
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History teaches us that when the regulator and operator are
independent, competition is more robust, there is greater confidence in
the market, higher levels of investment, increased incentive for
innovation, and more rapid expansion.