role of international organization in development
TRANSCRIPT
Role of International Organizations in Development
Submitted To:Submitted To:Dr. Rajshree UpadhyayDr. Rajshree UpadhyayProfessor, College of H.Sc.Professor, College of H.Sc.
Presented By:Presented By:Shalini PandeyShalini PandeyM.Sc. Final YearM.Sc. Final Year
1.2 billion population10th largest
economy by GDP
Agriculture account for 13.7% in GDP
Worlds largest youth population
Service sector in the biggest contributor in GDP (around 60%)
One of the top country targeted for FDI
Current GDP= 5.6%
Literacy rate of 74.04%M- 82.14 and F- 65.46
269.3 million BPLi.e. 21.9%
Headquarter: New York City, USA
Head: Helen Clark
Country office: Delhi
Formation: 1965
Working in177 countries
Funded by voluntary contribution
• Advocates for change• connects countries to
share knowledge, experience and resources.
• provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries.
• Special focus on least developed countries.
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
Assam
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Bihar
India ranks 135th out of 187 countries in the 2014 UNDP Human Development Index
Headquarter: Rome, Italy
Head: Ertharin Cousin
Country office: Delhi
Formation: 1961
Working in 75 countries
Funded by voluntary contribution
• Largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.
• On average, the WFP provides food to 90 million people per year.
WFP - WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME
Launched on experimental basis formally in 1863 by the FAO and the United Nations General Assembly and extended in 1965 on continuing basis.
Objectives of WFP
Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies
Support food security and nutrition and (re)build livelihoods in fragile settings and emergencies
Reduce under nutrition and break the intergenerational cycle of hunger
Reduce risk and enable communities and countries to meet their own food and nutrition needs
WFP in IndiaWFP in India
to help address the current paradox that despite economic growth, self-sufficiency in food grains production, a sound legal framework and policies, the country remains home to a huge concentration of malnourished and food-insecure people.
Activities:•Rayagada Pilot Project – Strengthening TPDS Through Technology•Rice Fortification•WFP Targeted Public Distribution System 3S Model•Village Grain Banks •Food Insecurity Mapping And Monitoring
India ranks 55th out of 76 countries in Global Hunger Index, 2014
Headquarter: Rome, Italy
Head: Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka
Working for gender equality
Formation: 2011
Working for elimination of discrimination
Working for the empowerment of women.
Objectives•To support inter-governmental bodies in their formulation of policies, global standards and norms•To help UN member states implement the above standards•To enable member states to regular monitoring of system-wide progress.
UN Women
Lead agencies in coordinating International Women's Day events as well as the Commission on the Status of Women.Theme of International women day for 2014 was "“Equality for women is progress for all”
Critical Area of Concern
Women and Poverty
Education and Training of Women
Women and armed conflict
Women and the economyWomen and Health
Violence against Women Women in power and decision making
Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women
Human Rights of Women
Women and the Media
The Girl Child
Women and Environment
Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
Head: Michel Sidibé
Advocate for accelerated, comprehensive and coordinated global action on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Formation: 1994
Working in 155 countries
Mission •To lead, strengthen and support an expanded response to HIV and AIDS that includes preventing transmission of HIV, providing care and support to those already living with the virus reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities to HIV and alleviating the impact of the epidemic.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
UNAIDS is guided by a Programme Coordinating Board with representatives of 22 governments from all geographic regions, the UNAIDS Cosponsors, and five representatives of (NGOs)
Goals
• Leadership and advocacy for effective action on the epidemic;• Strategic information and technical support to guide
efforts against AIDS worldwide ;• Tracking, monitoring and evaluation of the epidemic and
of responses to it ;• Civil society engagement and the development of strategic
partnerships;• Mobilization of resources to support an effective
response.
Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
Head: Michel Sidibé
Concerned with international public health
Formation: 1948
Working in 155 countries
Mission •providing leadership on matters critical to health •shaping the research agenda •setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation•providing technical support, •monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
The WHO Constitution states that overall objective of WHO "is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health“Indian Representative: Dr. Nata
Menabde
Eradication of communicable diseases, in particular, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis
Mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases
Sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging
Nutrition, food security and healthy eating;
Occupational health
Substance abuse
Drive the development of reporting, publications, and networking.
Country’s Corporation Strategy 2012-17
Supporting an improved role of the Government of India in global health
Promoting access to and utilization of affordable, efficiently networked and sustainable quality services by the entire population
Helping to confront the new epidemiological reality of India
Headquarter: Rome, Italy
Head: Kanayo F. Nwanze
empower poor rural to achieve higher incomes and improved food security.
Formation: 1977
Working in 173 countries
ObjectivesIFAD's objectives are to fund rural development projects specifically aimed at assisting the poorest of the poor — small farmers, artisanal fishermen, rural poor women, landless workers, rural artisans, nomadic herdsmen and indigenous populations — to increase their food production, raise their incomes, improve their health, nutrition, education standards and general well-being on a sustainable basis.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
IFAD provides loans to its developing Member States and provides grants to institutions and organizations in support of activities to strengthen the technical and institutional capacities linked to agricultural and rural development.
Indian P. Manager: Nigel Brett
Focus Areas
Agricultural Development
Financial Services
Rural infrastructureFisheries
Livestock Capacity & Insti. Building
Storage/ Marketing
Res./Ext./ Training
SMSE
Headquarter: Paris, France
Head: Irina Bokova
known as the "intellectual" agency of the United Nations
Formation: 1945-46
Working in 195 countries
ObjectiveUNESCO strives to build networks among nations that enable this kind of solidarity, by:•Mobilizing for education•Building intercultural understanding•Pursuing scientific cooperation•Protecting freedom of expression
UNESCO- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information".
Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi
Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
Head: Guy Ryder
devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights.
Formation: 1919
Working in 185 countries
Objective•Promote and realize standards and fundamental principles and rights at work.•Create greater opportunities for women and men to decent employment and income.•Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all.•Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue.
ILO - International Labour Organization
received the Nobel Peace Prize in the year 1969 for improving peace among classes, pursuing justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.
ILO registers complaints against entities that are violating international rules
Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi
Programmes
Labour Statistics
Training and Teaching of ILO officers To stop Child Labour
Formulation of international policies and programmes to promote basic human rights, improve working and living conditions, and enhance employment opportunities
Formulation of international policies and programmes to promote basic human rights, improve working and living conditions, and enhance employment opportunities
Headquarter: Rome, Italy
Head: José Graziano da Silva
leads international efforts to defeat hunger
Formation: 1945, 16 Oct
Working in 194 countries
•Serving both developed and developing countries
•A neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy
•A source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all.
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
Latin Moto means "Let there be bread"
Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi
Priority Work Areas
Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition
Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable
Reduce rural poverty
Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems
Increase the resilience of livelihoods from disasters
Headquarter: Vienna, Austria
Head: Li Yong
Formation: 1966
Working in 171 countries
Works towards improving the quality of life of the world's poor by drawing on its combined global resources and expertise in the following three interrelated thematic areas:•Poverty reduction through productive activities;•Trade capacity-building; and•Energy and environment.
UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization
The Organization's primary objective is the promotion and acceleration of industrial development in developing countries and countries with economies in transition and the promotion of international industrial cooperation.
Function
• Assists developing countries in the formulation of development, institutional, scientific and technological policies and programmes in the field of industrial development;
• Analyzes trends, disseminates information and coordinates activities in their industrial development;
• Acts as a forum for consultations and negotiations directed towards the industrialization of developing countries; and
• Provides technical cooperation to developing countries for implementing their development plans for sustainable industrialization in their public, cooperative and private sectors.
Headquarter: Geneva,Switzerland
Head: Roberto Azevêdo
An organization for trade opening
Formation: 1995
Member: 160 countries
The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments
WTO- World Trade Organization
At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide the legal ground rules for international commerce.
Supervise and liberalize international trade
Functions
Oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements.
Provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes.
Administer Trade Policy Review Mechanism
Achieve greater coherence in global economic policy making by collaborating other organizations.
Headquarter: Washington, D.C.
Head: Roberto Azevêdo
An organization for trade opening
Formation: 1944
Member: 193 countries
Goalstwo goals for the world to achieve by 2030:End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3%.Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country.
WORLD BANK GROUP
Supervise and liberalize international trade
The World Bank Group consists of• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945, which provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees;• The International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, which provides various forms of financing without sovereign guarantees, primarily to the private sector;•The International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960, which provides concessional financing (interest-free loans or grants), usually with sovereign guarantees;•The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), established in 1965, which works with governments to reduce investment risk;•The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988, which provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political risk, primarily to the private sector.
Achievements
Poverty has been reduced from 45.3% in 1993-94 to 37.2% in 2004-05 to 21.9% in 2011-12.
Polio Free India, in 2014No polio cases from January, 2011
Achievements
TB incidences fell at an average rate of 1.5%/year b/w 2000 and 2013
Hundreds of supply firms upgraded through intense training, counselling and coaching by UNIDO
Achievements
Between 2001-09 India’s Education for All Program enrolled 20 million out of school children
98% Indian children have access to primary school.
Achievements
Vocational training imparted to 32% youths in 2006 to 60 % in 2011.
Livelihood programme mobilizes more than 30 million poor households in 90,000 villages.
Achievements
IDA projects over $1.4billion for rural water supply and sanitation
Health project helped pregnant women to reach medical facility in time of delivery.
Tamilnadu- 95.5%
Achievements
Over $ 2 billion projects for providing road connectivity to remote areas
Improved farmers income from rain fed land in Karnataka, Himanchal, Uttarakhand
Achievements
Over 2,60,000 hectare barren land converted into cultivated land
Food SecurityProvided effective models for TPDS especially in Orissa
Achievements
Continuous decline of HIV epidemicFrom 23.2 lakh in 2006 to 20.9 lakh in 2011
Challenges
India rank 135 /187 in Human Development Index, 2014
India ranks 55th out of 76 countries in Global Hunger Index, 2014
Challenges
One of the highest malnourished children in the worldnearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa
One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. 50% infant death due to malnourishment
Challenges
India’s maternal mortality rate (MMR): 16% i.e.178 in 2010-12, India is behind the target of 103 deaths per 1,00,000 live
births to be achieved by 2015 under the United Nations-mandated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Lack of quality education at primary and secondary level
Challenges
One third of rural population still lacks access to all weather road connectivity.
India alone account for 24% of TB patients.
Challenges
India has just one doctor for every 1,700 people
53% of Indians who defecate in the open.