role of ayurveda in pollution
DESCRIPTION
Role of Ayuru.veda & its remedies in air, water & noise pollutionTRANSCRIPT
With the
Blessings
Of the
Almightyhellip
The lord of Ayurvedahellip
Shri Dhanvantari
Scienviron ndash 2011at
IISWBM Campus Kolkata
on 25th November 2011
The National Conference Of
Interface of Scienceamp
Environment
Role of Ayurveda in
Environmental Pollution
Centenary Lecture
Dr Pawan Kumar SharmaMD (Ayu) MBA
Associate Vice President (RampD)
Presented by
Dr B N BhattBAMS MBA
Manager ( InstL sales amp research)
Mr Samadur RahmanB Com MBA
Project Officer
Ms Sibani MukherjeeMA
Executive
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural environment
that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the
ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Scienviron ndash 2011at
IISWBM Campus Kolkata
on 25th November 2011
The National Conference Of
Interface of Scienceamp
Environment
Role of Ayurveda in
Environmental Pollution
Centenary Lecture
Dr Pawan Kumar SharmaMD (Ayu) MBA
Associate Vice President (RampD)
Presented by
Dr B N BhattBAMS MBA
Manager ( InstL sales amp research)
Mr Samadur RahmanB Com MBA
Project Officer
Ms Sibani MukherjeeMA
Executive
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural environment
that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the
ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Role of Ayurveda in
Environmental Pollution
Centenary Lecture
Dr Pawan Kumar SharmaMD (Ayu) MBA
Associate Vice President (RampD)
Presented by
Dr B N BhattBAMS MBA
Manager ( InstL sales amp research)
Mr Samadur RahmanB Com MBA
Project Officer
Ms Sibani MukherjeeMA
Executive
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural environment
that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the
ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Dr Pawan Kumar SharmaMD (Ayu) MBA
Associate Vice President (RampD)
Presented by
Dr B N BhattBAMS MBA
Manager ( InstL sales amp research)
Mr Samadur RahmanB Com MBA
Project Officer
Ms Sibani MukherjeeMA
Executive
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural environment
that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the
ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural environment
that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the
ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Combination of abiotic factorsamp
communities in an environment is called an
ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Life Levels and Organization
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
I Breathe What
Air Pollution
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Facts About Breathing
bull You breath about 26000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute)
bull That is about 150 full bathtubs of airbull We breath in over a billion small particles a
day (1000000000)bull The average house collects about 2 pounds of
dust a week
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
How does your body filter out the particles
Mucus
Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Nasal Hair
Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Coughing
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Air Pollution Controlbull Gaseousbull Absorptionbull Adsorptionbull Combustion
bull Particulatesbull Cyclonebull Filterbull Liquid scrubbingbull Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
bull Preventivendash minimizing operating temperaturendash fuel switchingndash low excess airndash flue gas recirculationndash lean combustionndash staged combustionndash low Nox burnersndash secondary combustionndash watersteam injection
bull Post combustionndash selective catalytic reductionndash selective non-catalytic reductionndash non-selective catalytic reduction
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Air Filtration
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Air Filter
bull High removal efficiency for lt 5 mm particles
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Scrubber
bull Venturi
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Health
Success Purity Charity Harmony
Abundance Peace Bliss WisdomUnity
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
YagyaProcess of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras
Meaning
Types
400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
Seva Yagya Prana Yagya Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
INDIAN CULTURE
Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds
Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Atharveda Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical psychological amp emotional disorders
ndash ldquoone who discards Yagya loses all eminence and grace Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their heartsrdquo (Atharv615)
bull Samaveda Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy
bull Yajurveda Scientific aspects of Yagnandash Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagyawhich is a manifestation of
theerdquo (Yajur 222)ndash The yagyagni enshowers good rains prosperity and strengthrdquo (Yajur 340)
bull Geeta Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death attachments and sufferings The karmas of Yagya charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life
bull Mahabharta Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
Vedic Evolution
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature
bull Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all
bull Teaches us Art of purification Art of communication Art of Surrender Art of connecting to Divine power within Art of Sacrifice Art of breathing Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe Art of divine guidance
Why Yagya
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Subtle aspects
bullImportance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire
bullEffect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound)
bull All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances
bullDr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra) The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Symbol of Unity amp togetherness ndashfor a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe
bull Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste creed gender nationality
Social Aspect
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Two basic energy ndash Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)
ndash The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere
spiral form by up bound heat radiations
bull Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Scientific Aspect
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Camphor
Saffron
Cardamom
Musk
Ghee
Milk
Fruits
Cereals
Sugar
Honey
Jaggery
Dried Grapes
Brahmi
Jatamansi
Cloves
Guggul
Sandal
Mango
Pipal
Bargad
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Chemical amp Physical Processesndash Combustion amp Vaporization of wood
bull Cellulose of wood
ndash Steam Volatilization of odorous substancesbull 400 ndash 600 degrees Celsius
ndash Combustion of fatty substancesbull Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
ndash Photo-chemical Processbull CO2 + H2O + 112000 cal = HCHO + O2
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Formaldehyde
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Shape of Altar (Agnikund) ndash lsquoInverted Pyramidrsquobull Pyramid ndash Fire in the middle
ndash Receive Generate amp Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy
Scientific Aspecthellipcontrsquod
Power of MantrasGaayatri Mantra produces 108000 vibrationssec
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Benefits of YagyaEnvironmental
bull Removal of foul odors Diffusion of substances like thymol eugenol pine terpinol and oils of sandal-wood camphor and clove
bull Removal of bacteria ndash Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant propertyndash Formic acid amp Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
as preservativesbull Removal of insects Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies
ringworm dice etc away or kills thembull Effects on Vegetation
ndash Agnihotra Farming methodsndash Ash as fertilizer
bull Role of CO2 producedndash CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetationndash Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problemsndash Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Benefits of YagyaHealthcare - Yagnopathy
bull Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra homam)
bull Inhalation from nose (deep breathing) mouth (chanting vedic hymns)bull Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency
ndash Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras)
bull Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanismndash No side effectsndash Encouraging results in the treatment of TB Diabetes Weak Eye
Sight Neurological disorders Drug addiction
bull Effective results in treatment of Respiratory Mental amp Psychosomatic disorders
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Case Studies
Illness Hodgkin Lymphom
The patient was given two months to live He improved
within 45 days and didnt present any tumor after 2
months
Illness HIV PositiveA 20 year old HIV positive
patient after 60 days of HOMA THERAPY
Treatment plus medicinal plants
became HIV negative
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Dr Manoj Garg Director Environmental amp Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP)bull 20 mts from place of Yagya
Case StudiesAir Samples (mgavg sample)
Bacteria Count in Water Samples
bullThe increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr Matthias Ferbinger of Germany
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
bull Diabetes Cure
Case Studies
Lt Col GR Golecha a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs
Drugs amp Alcohol Deaddiction
Name of patient Pandurang M Patil Age 72 yrsAddress Sai Prabha Mangvir PakhadiCase One year old diabetic
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Case Studies
There were however two families ---Shri SohanLal S Khushwaha and Shri ML Rathore which lived in the worst affected area one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan) In these families none died Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gasThis observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Satsang MagazineThe magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the message of Love Thy Neighbor through Agnihotra and Fivefold Path It contains many stories from all over the world of various peoples experiences with Agnihotra and Homa TherapyVideosVideos are available in Spanish and English translations Material includes Medical professionals witness accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS diabetes asthma etc Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in organic farming
Scientist Warns of Bananas Demise by 2013
M Emile Frison head of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier France told New Scientist magazine that Cavendish the worlds main export variety of banana could face extinction by 2013
The banana in various forms is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and Africa and Latin America
The Amazon banana crop has been devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus and the banana is already extinct in Cuba Farmers in the banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Sigatoka fungus
Some banana growers in the Peruvian Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Farming in order to combat the fungus problem
Read about their documented success stories
AIDS Healed with HOMA Therapy
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr Jaime Montufar MD who is the Director of the HOMA MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD in Guayaquil Ecuador
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY and medicinal plants read more
English translation of Dr Montufars report
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water Pollution
WaterQuality
Good8-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Slightlypolluted
Moderatelypolluted
Heavilypolluted
Gravelypolluted
67-8
45-67
Below 45
Below 4Pg 535
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water pollution
bull BacteriaVirusesProtozoa Parasitic wormsbull Oxygen demanding substancesbull Inorganic plant nutrientsbull Organic chemicalsbull Sediment or suspended matterbull Thermal pollutionbull Genetic pollution
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Zooplankton0123 ppm
Phytoplankton00025 ppm
Water0000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout483 ppm
Herring gull eggs124 ppm
Biological Magnification
Biological Magnification
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Point and Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Pollution of Streams
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
bull Daily more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe drink from or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge of detergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates
ammonia)
Dissolving of nitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivationmining constructionand poor land use)
Runoff from streetslawns and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overload
and breakdown of chemical cycling
Fig 227 p 499
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Fig 20-12
Aquifer
Water well
Migrating vapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
Bedrock
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Groundwater Pollution Causes
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers Monitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Storing hazardous materials above ground Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Ancient Solutions to better water quality
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Fig 21-10 p 505
Healthy zoneClear oxygen-richwaters promote growthof plankton and sea grassesand support fish
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlightkill beneficial sea grasses useup oxygen and degrade habitat
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algaepoisoning fish andmarine mammals
FarmsRunoff of pesticides manure and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds kill spawning fish andaccumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways choking fish and plants clouding waters and blocking sunlight
Urban sprawlBacteria and viruses fromsewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestackstoxic chemicalsand heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries
Closedshellfish beds
Fig 20-15
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
bull Primary and Secondary sewage treatmentFigure 20-19
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
(
(
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
Sewage
Wetland typeplants
Wetland typeplants
Treatedwater
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Drinking Water QualityIs Bottled Water the Answer
bull Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much morendash 14 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
thrown awayndash Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles
bull The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the US each year would fuel 100000 cars
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
What Can You Do
Water Pollution
bull Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
bull Minimize your use of pesticides
bull Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water
bull Grow or buy organic foods
bull Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water
bull Compost your food wastes
bull Do not use water fresheners in toilets
bull Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet
bull Do not pour pesticides paints solvents oil antifreeze or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle
storage amp augmentation
reuserecycle amp disposal
use amp saving
supply amp distribution
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Ponds and reservoirsDams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water Big dams however do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better In permanent rivers under water beams are an option In lsquowadisrsquo sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers It may supplement the natural percolation In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources Recharging can take place from the surface
or directly into sub surface layers
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Rainwater harvesting ESTsRainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings
Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees gardens and parks Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Storage of treated sewageEffluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply Quality control is crucial
The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens nutrients and other contaminants
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Supply and distribution ESTs1 Surface water abstraction
2 Groundwater abstraction
3 Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4 Transfer of water
5 Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6 Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7 Water containers (bottles tanks)
8 Centralised treatment systems
9 Point of use treatment systems
[Sourcebook Chapter 43]
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water pipe systemsWater supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes Leakage due to poor maintenance is a major problem Often more than 50 of the piped water is lost Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities
Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Dual quality systemsA problem of central piped network supply is the use of drinking water quality for non drinking purposes In dual networks service water quality has itrsquos own network Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes Dual systems at the building level only avoid city networks
Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and qualitycontrol Rainwater or treated
greywater can be used as service water Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
demand and supply
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Wells tanks and bottlesAt the neighborhood level improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology
In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes) good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks
from where people can take water home in
bottles or small containers
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Drinking water qualityHealth requires good quality drinking water Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended
If drinking water of reliable quality is not available proper treatment at the user level is an option
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Use and saving ESTs1 Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2 Water saving toilets
3 Water saving urinals
4 Waterless urinals
5 Water saving taps
6 Water saving showerheads
7 Pressure reducers
8 Water saving household appliances
9 Economised water use personal hygiene
10 Economised water use cleaning amp watering
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Waterless toiletsWaterless toilets need neither water nor sewers They work on the basis of dehydration and composting The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture The right degree of humidity is crucial They are often combined with urine separation Vertical
ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation Compost toilets require
more space and need more maintenance Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper They need to be emptied every week
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water saving in households
Drinking cleaning bathing washing toilet flushing Combined water saving appliances lead to 43 savings in liter per person per day
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water saving in green spacesParks and gardens ask a lot of water especially in dry climates Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater
The local government and NGOs can also give a good
example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry
conditions
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Rainwater quality and useRoof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water For use as drinking water filtration and disinfection is required There should be no debris in the tanks and no light Quality control is a must
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Rainwater quality and useRun-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plantrsquos performance
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Grey amp black water treatmentHousehold based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Grey amp black water treatment
Small scale aerobic (gtcompost) or anaerobic technology (gtmethane + slurry) are feasible These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context
Example for on-site sewage treatment
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Constructed wetlandsStabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces
Detention and retention ponds lined up with reeds and other wetland plants perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for
horizontal or vertical flow filtering adsorption and uptake of nutrients Good design and maintenance are vital
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Advanced primary treatmentIncreasingly strict standards derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens
Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produceclear purified water
bull The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations The importance
of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings
bull Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water thats fit to drink many of the methods used by ancient civilizations such as heating and filtration are still used today
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Alum in WaterAncient Sanskrit writings known as Susruta Samhita which date back to approximately 2000 BC reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water In the recipe a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs with names such as nirmali phana mustaka ela ushira and chandana and baked well in a fire The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Copper Vessels and CharcoalIn 1905 Francis Evelyn Place who studied Sanskrit medical lore noted a water purification method found in ldquoSushruta Samhita -- a text dating to about 2000 BC According to the text water was purified by putting it into copper vessels exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Clarifying DevicesWater treatment devices including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century BC have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Hippocrates Sleeve
Hippocrates well known as the Father of Medicine conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece A filter later known as the Hippocrates Sleeve was used to purify water after it was boiled According to Hippocrates the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1 Filtration through thick cloth2 Boiling This is described as there stagesa If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantityb If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantityc If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantityWater boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health3 Making it clear with the addition of some herbs The addition of tubers of lotus plant pearls seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum) gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)4 Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais) karavira (Nerium indicum)etc
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsPANCHAKOLA JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic
PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYARecommended in obesity and hypothyroidism It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above
JEERAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERsDHANYAKA JALADigestive carminative coolant anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALADigestive carminative appetiser anti-rheumatic anti-pyretic helps in
KHADHIRA JALABlood purifier improves voice good in throat ailmentsYAVA JALADiuretic recommended in urinary calculi obesitySHADANGAPANEEYACoolant blood purifier anti-pyretic
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Noise bullNoise is created when an object vibrates
bullAir is compressed and expanded forming waves
bull These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
bullNoise waves have frequency and amplitude
bullFrequency is measure of wavessec
bullAmplitude is the height of wave from trough
bullExcessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Sources of Noise Pollution
Outside
ConstructionRoad trafficAirportsFactories
InsidePhonesTVs RadiosAppliancesPower tools lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Effects on Humans Hearing
Actually hear with our brains not our earsHair cells send impulses to brainHair cells are extremely delicate
Damage to hair cells can result in hearing lossThreshold shift-several hoursTrauma-permanentNoise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Effects on Humans Health
DisturbanceSleep-effect performanceWorkplace-lack of productivity
Cause StressBlood pressure heart rate riseMay cause cardiovascular diseasesDue to both high and low levels of noiselinked to excessive use of alcohol drugs food
Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Effects on Humans Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to HearingCan reduce chances of survivalKangaroo rat
Physiological ResponseHormone imbalance Chronic stressResponses Result inDecrease in food intakeLoss of energyAbandonment of offspringInjury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use echolocationSonarExplosive testing
Whales and dolphinsDeaths occurring BendsBeaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution
Maskmask the noiseVitaminsWear ear plugsUse one appliance at a timeTurn down TVs and radiosNo loud toysKeep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Care for Noise Pollution In
Veda
Shaashtra
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Chanting of
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Chanting of
bull OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra In a majority of Mantra you will find OM
bull OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth This sound is considered as the sound of the existence
bull it is believed that the whole universe in its fundamental form is made up of vibrating pulsating energy Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy
Chanting of
bull OM is said to be the original primordial creative sound from which the entire universe have manifested It is also known as the Anahat Nada the Unstruck Sound This means the sound that is not made by two things striking together
bull If you observe the nature of sound youll find that all ordinary audible sound are produced by the striking of two objects bow and strings drum and stick two vocal cords waves against the shore winds against the leaves bat against the ball tyers against the road etc In short all sounds within our range of listening are produces by things visible or invisible striking each other or vibrating together resulting in pulsating waves of air molecules which we interprets as sound
Chanting of Aarati
bullToday in this scientific age one might ridicule lighting of lamps as one can have the wonderful benefits of electricity We must remember that our ancestors have attributed great importance to this after in-depth study They also did it with the spiritual emotion of gratitude Let us now compare electrical and ghee lampsbullThe ghee lamp symbolizes the spiritual emotion lsquoI will be (spiritually) enlightened and (spiritually) enlighten others as wellrsquo The ghee lamp burns to spread light One can pray for kindling the light (spiritual yearning) within us and for the ability to spread the light (Spirituality) to others
Chanting of Aarati
A small plate (Tabak) It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body One should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti that lsquoI am waving around aarti for God with my five vital airsrsquoA metal lamp-dish (Niranjan)The flame of gheersquos niranjan represents our lsquoAtmajyotrsquo (internal light) The spiritual emotion one should have is lsquowith my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive and with such flame I am waving around Godrsquo The five niches (mouths) in a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs and atmajyot Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airsCotton wicks (Vaatbaati)Cotton represents detachment Such a wick is to connect the five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot)
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
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- Slide 97
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- Slide 100
- Slide 101
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- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
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- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
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- Slide 125
- Slide 126
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- Slide 130
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- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Chanting of Aarati
bullToday in this scientific age one might ridicule lighting of lamps as one can have the wonderful benefits of electricity We must remember that our ancestors have attributed great importance to this after in-depth study They also did it with the spiritual emotion of gratitude Let us now compare electrical and ghee lampsbullThe ghee lamp symbolizes the spiritual emotion lsquoI will be (spiritually) enlightened and (spiritually) enlighten others as wellrsquo The ghee lamp burns to spread light One can pray for kindling the light (spiritual yearning) within us and for the ability to spread the light (Spirituality) to others
Chanting of Aarati
A small plate (Tabak) It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body One should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti that lsquoI am waving around aarti for God with my five vital airsrsquoA metal lamp-dish (Niranjan)The flame of gheersquos niranjan represents our lsquoAtmajyotrsquo (internal light) The spiritual emotion one should have is lsquowith my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive and with such flame I am waving around Godrsquo The five niches (mouths) in a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs and atmajyot Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airsCotton wicks (Vaatbaati)Cotton represents detachment Such a wick is to connect the five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot)
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
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- Slide 100
- Slide 101
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- Slide 103
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- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
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- Slide 113
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- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullToday in this scientific age one might ridicule lighting of lamps as one can have the wonderful benefits of electricity We must remember that our ancestors have attributed great importance to this after in-depth study They also did it with the spiritual emotion of gratitude Let us now compare electrical and ghee lampsbullThe ghee lamp symbolizes the spiritual emotion lsquoI will be (spiritually) enlightened and (spiritually) enlighten others as wellrsquo The ghee lamp burns to spread light One can pray for kindling the light (spiritual yearning) within us and for the ability to spread the light (Spirituality) to others
Chanting of Aarati
A small plate (Tabak) It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body One should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti that lsquoI am waving around aarti for God with my five vital airsrsquoA metal lamp-dish (Niranjan)The flame of gheersquos niranjan represents our lsquoAtmajyotrsquo (internal light) The spiritual emotion one should have is lsquowith my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive and with such flame I am waving around Godrsquo The five niches (mouths) in a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs and atmajyot Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airsCotton wicks (Vaatbaati)Cotton represents detachment Such a wick is to connect the five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot)
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
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-
A small plate (Tabak) It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body One should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti that lsquoI am waving around aarti for God with my five vital airsrsquoA metal lamp-dish (Niranjan)The flame of gheersquos niranjan represents our lsquoAtmajyotrsquo (internal light) The spiritual emotion one should have is lsquowith my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive and with such flame I am waving around Godrsquo The five niches (mouths) in a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs and atmajyot Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airsCotton wicks (Vaatbaati)Cotton represents detachment Such a wick is to connect the five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot)
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
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- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
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- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
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- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
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- Slide 90
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- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan) When the lsquotabakrsquo is waved around in a circular motion the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion Hence these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water A subtle armor is created which is known as lsquoripple armorrsquo around the one who sings the aarti The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is onersquos spiritual emotion the longer it stays) Hence due to increase in inner purity one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe As onersquos spiritual emotion increases one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
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- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function Brahmi Bacopa Memoplus Syp Brento Syp
Heart Function Arjuna Guggul Bala
Respiratory Ginger Holy Basil Sitopaladi Trikatu Sardija Syp
Digestive Hingvastak Trikatu Pancharishta
Colon Health Triphala
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
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- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectLiver Function Amalaki Bhringaraj Kutki Livotrit
Kidney Function Gokshura Kidney Formula K-4 Syp
Male Reproductive Ashwagandha Mens Support Vigorex SF
Female Reproductive Shatavari Ashoka Ovoutolin Menosim
Himani Femiplus Syp
Metabolic (weight) Zandu Draksharishta Alpitone Syp
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
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- Slide 97
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- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Ayurvedic Care for
General Pollutant EffectJoints and Muscles Guggul Boswellia Rhumayoga Tab Rhumasyl liniment
Nervous System (stress) Ashwagandha Brahmi Zandopa
Immune System Guduchi Septilin keshari Jivan
Blood Sugar Management Gymnema Bitter Mellon Tribangshila
Blood Purifiers Amalaki Guduchi Neem Manjistha Lalima Syp
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Life Levels and Organization
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
- Slide 30
- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
- Slide 37
- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
- Slide 68
- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
- (2)
- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
- (3)
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
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- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
THANK YOU
- Slide 1
- Scienviron ndash 2011 at IISWBM Campus Kolkata on 25th Nove
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- Life Levels and Organization
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- I Breathe What
- Chemicals
- Exhaust
- Pollen
- Dirt
- Dust Storms
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- Facts About Breathing
- How does your body filter out the particles Mucus
- Nasal Hair
- Sneezing
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- Coughing
- Air Pollution Control
- Vertical Venturi Scrubber
- Packed Bed Scrubber
- Dry Scrubber System
- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides
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- Air Filtration
- Air Filter
- Scrubber
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- Water Pollution
- Water pollution
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- Point and Nonpoint Sources
- Pollution of Streams
- Case Study Indiarsquos Ganges River Religion Poverty and Health
- Pollution of Lakes
- Groundwater Pollution Causes
- Groundwater Pollution Prevention
- Ancient Solutions to better water quality
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- Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment
- Technological Approach Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage
- Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer
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