RockTribNordic Hard Rock Tribology Network� The network is formed to support Nordic

collaboration� Norway, Sweden and Finland have now high

focus on use of natural resources, thermalenergy, gas and oil drilling

� The participating groups have a long experiencein complementary tribology research

� This collaboration will strengthen the position ofNordic countries in the EU and globally within thearea of mining, drilling and rock excavation withemphasize in hard rock tribology

Participating groups�Dalarna University� Luleå University of Technology�Norwegian University of Science

and Technology�SINTEF� Tampere University of Technology

Tampere Wear Center�Uppsala University�VTT Technical Research Centre of

Finland

Research focus areas� Fundamental understanding of wear mechanisms

• Modeling and simulation of wear processes• Development of wear characterization methods• Development and characterization of materials for hard rock

applications• Properties of rocks and minerals

• Abrasiveness, crushability, strength, …• Tribocorrosion in drilling and rock excavation

� Development of wear testing methods• Industrial applications

� Multiscale approach to laboratory tests and simulations

Activities�Research

• Collaborative projects• Researcher exchange

�Basic courses�Seminars�Planned researcher networks

• Nordic Centre of Excellence• Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) -

Initial Training Network (ITN)

Dalarna University� Has long experience in both fundamental and applied

tribology research� Has access to a wide range of:

• Mechanical test equipment• Tribological test equipment• Equipment for microscopy and surface analysis

� Current projects in the RockTrib area covers;• Wear of cemented carbide in rock drilling• Tribological performance of wear resistant steels in mining and

earth moving equipment

Tribo test equipment�Micro- / Nano-indenter

(CSM, Micro Combi Tester)

�Scratch tester(CSM, Revetest)

�Tribometer(CSM, HT-Tribometer)

�Abrasion tester(Gatan, Dimple Grinder)

� Impact tester(BYK-Gardner ISO Tester)

�Rheometer(Anton Paar, Physica MCR 301)

Tribo testing and post test characterization for understandingthe fundamental surface failure and wear mechanisms

of cemented carbide in rock tribology

Microscopy and Surface analysis� Ion beam cutter for sample preparation (Leica EM TIC 3x)� Optical surface profilometer (WYKO NT 9100)� FEG-SEM (Zeiss Ultra 55)� EDS-system (INCA Energy)� EBSD-system (Ultrafast Nordlys F400)� SEM testing stage (Gatan Microtest 5000W)� SAM (PHI 700Xi Auger Nanoprobe)� ToF-SIMS (PHI TRIFT II)� FTIR (Perkin Elmer Spectrum I)� LOM (Leica DMRME)

Cross section of worncemented carbide drill bit button

Tribology research atLuleå University of Technology

� 5 Professors (Erik Höglund, Braham Prakash, Roland Larsson, ElisabetKassfeldt, Ichior Minami)

� 4 Associate professors (Andreas Almqvist, Nazanin Emami, Pär Marklund,Jens Hardell)

� 1 Associate Senior Lecturer (Kim Berglund)� 2 Researchers (Anders Pettersson, Marcus Björling)� 2 Post-doctoral researchers� 17 Doctoral students� 1 Research Engineer (Tore Serrander)

Multi-national!Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Germany, India,Iran, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, USA

The Machine Elements research group

Research areas� Lubrication and lubricants

• Boundary, mixed and full filmlubrication

• Base fluid properties• Lubricant rheology• EALs

� Tribology of machinecomponents

• Gears, bearings, seals,clutches, wheels/rails,hydraulic motor components,and many more ….

� Modelling• Contact between real rough

surfaces• Lubrication in all regimes• ….

� Friction & wear of materials� Metals, ceramics, polymers� Unlubricated/lubricated� High and low temperature

� Tribomaterials� Engine bearing materials� Tool steels� Nano-bainitic steels

� Surface modification� Self-lubricating coatings� Wear resistant coatings

� Tribotesting� High temperature tribology

� Hot forming� Biotribology

Tribolab – established in 2003Equipment� Surface analysis (3D optical surface profiler and stylus instrument)� Rolling/sliding twin-disc tribometer� Rotary tribometer (rolling/sliding four ball, thrust washer configurations)� Pin on disc tests� Bearing tests (rolling and sliding, thrust and journal, oscillating)� Reciprocating friction and wear tests (R.T. to 900°C)� Viscometers, rheometers, ball-on-bar apparatus� Rolling/sliding ball-on-disc tribometer incorporating optical interferometry (WAM)� FZG gear test rig� High temperature tribometer for hot sheet metal forming simulation� High temperature nanoindenter

NTNU & SINTEF: TribologyLab� The TribologyLab is a collaboration between NTNU and

SINTEF and integrally linked with the activities of theGemini Centre "Tribology"

� The lab is well equipped to fulfill a wide range of researchand industrial needs.• Pin on disk• Multi-station friction and wear test machine• Rubber Wheel• Erosion-corrosion• Tribocorrosion• Surface characterization - Confocal microscopy, SEM, optical

microscopy, profilometry, FIB, XRD, XPS, EPMA• Microhardness and nanoindentation

The goals of the TribologyLab� Research on tribocorrosion: sliding-corrosion and erosion-

corrosion� Research on tribological problems related with dry and

lubricated systems� Research on modelling tribology� Research on in-situ tribology� To support the industries in finding solutions related to

wear, lubrication, friction, and maintenance� To function as a meeting point between the industries and

European research centres and universities� To educate engineers and scientists in tribological aspects

Tampere Wear Center� Tampere Wear Center (TWC) concentrates on both basic and applied

aspects of wear and tribology• Bridges the gap between scientific basic research and applied industrial

research and product development• Provides in-depth insight into the mechanisms of wear and thereby facilitate

the development of new wear resistant materials and to find solutions to thepractical wear problems constantly faced by the industry

• Wear and tribology research is conducted in close collaboration with severalinternationally recognized partners

� Recent projects in the RockTrib focus area:• FIMECC BSA, Design beyond present codes: Materials in Mining Industry

• Optimization, prediction and design guidelines for improved wear life of novel steelsand metallic multimaterials

• FIMECC HYBRIDS, Multifunctional thick coatings and composites• FIMECC DEMAPP, Wear resistant materials and solutions (2009-2014)

• Characterization and development of the microstructure, properties andperformance of wear resistant materials for selected environments

• Modeling and simulation of wear processes

Tampere Wear Center has excellentinfrastructure for wear research

� Wear testing: Pin-on-disk/Ball-on-disk, Crushingpin-on-disk, Uniaxial crusher, Dual pivoted jawcrusher, Impeller-tumbler, Erosion tester, High-speed slurry-pot type erosion tester, Cavitationerosion tester, High velocity particle impactor, Ball-on-block, Hammer mill, High-speed sliding test rig,Single disc refiner, crusher, Block-on-ring, Rubberwheel abrasion testers, etc.

� Tribology and machine elements test rigs: Test rigsfor journal, thrust, and rolling bearings, FZG, Twin-disc test rig, Fretting wear and fatigue test rigs,Vibration Testing, etc.

� Electron microscopes (UHR FEG-SEM, TEM)� Hopkinson Split Bar & mechanical testing� Digital image correlation system� Thermal spraying� Other equipment: http://www.tut.fi/twc/en

Ångström Tribomaterials Groupat Uppsala University� 40 years of experience in Tribology�Applied and fundamental research� 56 PhD theses, > 420 journal publications�Wide range of tribotest equipment (> 20 rigs)�Very well equipped for electron microscopy,

surface composition and microstructureanalysis, surface topography, etc.

�More information:www.angstrom.uu.se/tribomaterials/

Ångström Tribomaterials Group

VTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandVTT provides applied researchof friction, wear and lubrication- design and processing oftribomaterials- characterization- evaluation- computer modeling

processing

structure

properties

performance

PSPPmethodology

fortribological

solutions

VTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandVTT provides research and solutions forwear and friction applications:§ Internationally top level technical experts

with more than 30 years experience in thefield of tribology and materials science

§ The VTT Tribology Laboratory has a broadrange of advanced wear and frictionsimulating devices and test beds.

§ Wear and friction control and tribomaterialdesign with computer based modellingand simulation software tools combinedwith experimental research providesunderstanding and solution – also tailoreddirectly for customer needs andapplications.

VTT Tribology laboratory and facilitiesThe VTT Tribology Laboratory with a broad range of advanced wear and frictionsimulating devices and test beds for basic and application oriented research andfor analyses and characterisation:� Model wear and contact simulating tests: Rotational sliding contact (pin-on-

disc), Reciprocating linear sliding contact (rec-tester, Piston ring tribometer),Static Friction Tribometer, Twin-disc tribometer

• Dry and lubricated tests, elevated temperature tests, controlled laboratoryconditions (relative humidity, temperature)

� Abrasive and erosion wear tests: Rubber wheel test, Micro abrasion, Scratchtest, Slurry erosion test

� Component tests: Journal bearing, Rolling element bearing, Piston ringtribometer

� Characterization: Nanoindentation, Micro-scratch test, Profilometry (3D and2D), hardness, Microscopy (SEM/EDS, AFM), Coating thickness (ball crateringtest), chemical analyses.

www.tut.fi/rocktrib