rocks. topic: igneous rocks objectives: l i will know how to define a rock l i will will know the 3...
TRANSCRIPT
RocksRocks
Topic: Igneous Rocks
Objectives: I will know how to define a rock I will will know the 3 basic types of rocks I will know how the rock change from one
type to another using the rock cycle I will know how to identify Igneous Rocks
based on their physical characteristics
Here is
Granite
Granite is a
Mixture of
Different
minerals
It made up of
the minerals
Quartz,
Hornblende,
& Feldspar
What is a Rock?What is a Rock?
A rock is a _______of one or A rock is a _______of one or more mineralsmore minerals
Answer BankChange
SedimentaryMixturecooling
Rock ClassificationRock Classification
All rocks fit into 3 categories Igneous, Sedimentary, and MetamorphicIgneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
Rock CycleRock Cycle We just learned about the 3
types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
As it turns out, Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
The The Rock Rock CycleCycle
If we weather and
erode Igneous rocks,
sediments form
If you compact and
cement sediment,
sedimentary rock will form
Sand Sandstone
If we add heat and
pressure to sedimentary rock,
metamorphic rock will form
If we melt metamorphic rock,
it turn back in igneous rock
Igneous rocks forms
from the cooling
and hardening of magma
Now were back
to where we started!
Rock Cycle AnimationRock Cycle Animation
What is the Rock CycleRock Cycle??
The process by which over The process by which over many years rocks ______ many years rocks ______ back and forth between back and forth between igneous rocks, sedimentary igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks, and metamorphic rocksrocks
Answer BankChange
SedimentaryMixturecooling
Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks Igneous rocks, are rocks that
were once lava or magma and simply cooled into solid rock!
So, when volcanoes erupt, new igneous rocks are formed!
Or, when magma cools slowly underground, new rock is also formed!
Igneous Rock FormationIgneous Rock Formation
Most Igneous rocksForm below the
Surface
Some Igneous rocksMake it all the way
to the surface
What are Igneous What are Igneous Rocks?Rocks?
Rocks formed from the Rocks formed from the ______ and hardening of ______ and hardening of magma (hot molten liquid magma (hot molten liquid rock)rock)
Answer BankChange
SedimentaryMixturecooling
Igneous Rock Igneous Rock ClassificationClassification
Igneous rocks are classified by their color and crystal size
Igneous Rocks that form below ground are called intrusive (inside or interior) igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks that form above the ground are called extrusive igneous rocks
Finally, dark colored igneous rocks are called Mafic and lighter colored igneous rocks are called felsic
Extrusive Igneous Rock:
Outside the earth
Fast Cooling Small Crystals
Ex: Basalt
Intrusive Igneous Rock:Inside the earth
Slow Cooling Large Crystals
Ex: Granite
What’s the difference between What’s the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous
Rocks?Rocks? Intrusive RocksIntrusive Rocks cooled cooled
_____ beneath or below _____ beneath or below the earth’s surface the earth’s surface resulting in ____ crystalsresulting in ____ crystals Ex: Granite & GabbroEx: Granite & Gabbro
Extrusive Igneous Extrusive Igneous Rocks cooled ____ above Rocks cooled ____ above the earth’s surface the earth’s surface resulting in small crystals resulting in small crystals
Ex: Rhyolite & BasaltEx: Rhyolite & Basalt
GraniteGranite GabbroGabbro
RhyoliteRhyoliteBasaltBasalt
Answer Banklargeabove
MixtureSlowlyquickly
Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocksFelsic & Mafic Igneous rocks
Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica
Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous
rocks are dark in color & low in silica
Ex: Gabbro and Basalt
GraniteGranite RhyoliteRhyolite
GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt
What’s the difference What’s the difference between Felsic & Mafic between Felsic & Mafic
Igneous rocks?Igneous rocks? Felsic Igneous
rocks are ____ in color & high in silica
Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous
rocks are ____ in color & low in silica
Ex: Gabbro and Basalt
GraniteGranite RhyoliteRhyolite
GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt
Answer Bankdark
aboveMixtureSlowlylight
How do we identify How do we identify
Felsic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & high in silica
Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous
rocks are ____ in color & low in silica
Ex: Gabbro and Basalt
GraniteGranite RhyoliteRhyolite
GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt
Answer Bankdark
aboveMixtureSlowlylight
How do we identify How do we identify
Felsic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & high in silica
Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous
rocks are ____ in color & low in silica
Ex: Gabbro and Basalt
GraniteGranite RhyoliteRhyolite
GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt
Answer Bankdark
aboveMixtureSlowlylight
Draw Table: Felsic-Light in color, high in silica
Mafic-Dark in color, low in silica
Intrusive(slow cooling, large crystals)
Granite Gabbro
Extrusive(fast cooling, small crystals)
Rhyolite Basalt
SummarySummary Igneous rocks formed from the _____ and ______of
magma _____Igneous are dark and _____ igneous rocks are
lighter in color _____ igneous rocks cooled slowly and have large
crystals _____ igneous cooled quickly forming small crystals
Answer BankMafic
intrusivecooling
extrusivehardening
felsic
Topic: Sedimentary Rock
Objectives: I will learn about weathering, erosion
and deposition and how it affects rocks I will learn about clastic sedimentary
rocks and the conditions under which they formed
Weathering Erosion Deposition & Stratification
In order for us to learn about sedimentary rocks, we need to first learn about weathering, erosion deposition and stratification
Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the action of water and wind
Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water and wind
Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock into layers
Stratification is the layering of sediment
Weathering is the
breaking down of rock
into smaller pieces by
of water, wind and gravity
Erosion is the removal
and transport of rocks
by water, wind and gravity
Deposition is
the dropping and
accumulation of rock
Stratification is
the layering of sediment
Erosion:Erosion is the removal and transport
of rocks by water, wind and gravity
Deposition:The dropping and accumulation
Of sediment over time
Stratification:The layering of
sediment
What is Weathering, Erosion, What is Weathering, Erosion, Deposition & Stratification?Deposition & Stratification?
Weathering – breaking down of rock
Erosion – wearing down and _____ of rock by water, wind, gravity
Deposition - The dropping and accumulation of _____ in low places such as a lake, or ocean bottom
Stratification - The layering of sediment
Answer BankOrganic
depositedsediment
MovementcompressWeatheredcompaction
SedimentsSediments
Small weathered and eroded Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and broken down pieces of rock and organic materialorganic material
Classified by their size Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and
shellsshells
Pebble
Sand
Silt ClayInvisible
at this scale
Sediments are classified Sediments are classified by their sizesby their sizes
Sediment, It’s Everywhere! Even on the Moon? Sand or Silt? Neither, it’s called Regolith!!!!!
What are Sediments?What are Sediments?
Small weathered and Small weathered and eroded broken down eroded broken down pieces of rock and pieces of rock and _____ material_____ material
Classified by their size Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, Ex: sand, silt, pebbles,
plants, and shellsplants, and shells
Answer BankOrganic
depositedsediment
MovementcompressWeatheredcompaction
Sedimentary Sedimentary Rocks (clastic)Rocks (clastic)
Now that we have broken down rock into sediment, we can make sedimentary rock
Clastic Sedimentary Rock forms through deposition, stratification (layering) and lithification process
Lithification literally means “To make Rock”
The lithification involves compacting and cementing sediment
Sand
Sandstone
conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale
claysiltsandgravel
sediments
sedimentaryrocks
What is (Clastic) Sedimentary What is (Clastic) Sedimentary Rock?Rock?
Rock created through the Rock created through the deposition, stratification deposition, stratification (layering), and ______of (layering), and ______of sedimentsediment
Ex: Silt stone, sandstone, conglomerate
Answer BankOrganic
depositedsediment
MovementcompressWeatheredCompactionlithification
LithificationLithification How does sediment become
sedimentary rock???? The answer is
Lithification!!!!Lithification!!!! Lithification is the process
that involves compaction and cementation of sediment
CompactionCompaction occurs when layers of sediment compress the rock below it
CementationCementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between them
CompactionCompaction
CementationCementation
CompactionCompaction
CementationCementation
What is What is Lithification?Lithification?
Process by which Process by which sediment becomes sediment becomes sedimentary rock by sedimentary rock by compactioncompaction and and cementationcementation
CompactionCompaction occurs when layers of sediment ____the rock below it
CementationCementation is when is when sediments are glued sediments are glued together by minerals together by minerals ____ between them____ between them
Answer Bank
Organicdepositedsediment
MovementcompressWeatheredcompactionCementation
CompactionCompaction
CementationCementation
Organic Sedimentary RocksOrganic Sedimentary Rocks
Organic Sedimentary Organic Sedimentary Rocks are Rocks that Rocks are Rocks that have formed from once have formed from once living creatures or living creatures or OrganismsOrganisms– Ex: coal, a carbon rich rock Ex: coal, a carbon rich rock
that formed from the buried that formed from the buried and compacted remains of and compacted remains of dead plantsdead plants
– Ex: Limestone formed by Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented compacted and cemented shells and coralshells and coral
Coal FormationCoal Formation
Coal form from the buried and compacted remains of plants over millions of years
Chemical Sedimentary RocksChemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when
minerals precipitate or solidify out of waterminerals precipitate or solidify out of water – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving
behind the salt
What’s the difference between What’s the difference between Organic and Chemical Organic and Chemical Sedimentary rocks? Sedimentary rocks?
Organic Sedimentary Rocks Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from once _____ creatures form from once _____ creatures or Organismsor Organisms– Ex: Ex: CoalCoal, , a carbon rich rock a carbon rich rock
formed from buried and formed from buried and compacted remains of dead compacted remains of dead plantsplants
– Ex: Ex: LimestoneLimestone formed by formed by compacted and cemented shells compacted and cemented shells and coraland coral
Chemical Sedimentary rocks Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals _____or form when minerals _____or solidify out of watersolidify out of water – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes
evaporate leaving behind the salt
Answer BankAlign
Precipitate Living
PressureSolidifyshells
Summarize:
Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Chemical Organic
Define: Define: Define:
Topic: Metamorphic Rocks
Objectives: I will know how metamorphic rocks form I will know how foliation forms in metamorphic
rocks as a result of pressure and temperature I will know what a protolith is and how it
becomes metamorphic rock
Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
Igneous rocks are born of fire Sedimentary rocks are formed by
weathering and erosion But how do Metamorphic Rocks Form? The last type of rock we will study is
called metamorphic rock
Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
The word “Metamorphic” or “Morph” means to change
So, how do rocks change? By HeatHeat and PressurePressure In order to understand Metamorphic
Rocks, we need to understand how heat and pressure can change a pre-existing rock
Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks Rocks, deep below
the earth’s surface are under a great deal of pressure from the over lying rock
These same rocks are also deep down where temperatures are much hotter
Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
When rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures & pressures, their chemistry changes and they become a new rock M
etam
orphic
Rock Metamorphic Rock
What are Metamorphic What are Metamorphic Rocks ?Rocks ?
Rocks that have changed due to a Rocks that have changed due to a temperature or _____ increasetemperature or _____ increase
Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss
Answer BankAlignLiving
PressureSolidify
Met
amorp
hic R
ock Metamorphic Rock
Pictured here is Pictured here is GraniteGranite
What happens if we What happens if we apply heat and apply heat and pressure to granite??pressure to granite??
Applying pressure Applying pressure will cause the will cause the minerals to flatten minerals to flatten and become alignedand become aligned
FoliationFoliation
Pressure and Heat
Pressure and Heat
GraniteGraniteGneissGneiss
FoliationFoliation When we apply pressure to rocks, the When we apply pressure to rocks, the
minerals flatten and align themselvesminerals flatten and align themselves
Heat &
Pressure
Foliation is when minerals align themselves due to heat & pressure
FoliationFoliation
FoliationFoliation Metamorphic rocks are classified as either Metamorphic rocks are classified as either
Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated (no foliation)(no foliation)
FoliatedFoliated Metamorphic Rocks include Slate Metamorphic Rocks include Slate and Gneissand Gneiss
Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and QuartziteQuartzite
What is Foliation?What is Foliation? When mineral grains flatten When mineral grains flatten
and ____ themselves as a and ____ themselves as a result of pressureresult of pressure
Foliated Rock = Foliated Rock =
Slate & GniessSlate & Gniess
Non-Foliated Rock = Non-Foliated Rock =
Marble & QuartziteMarble & Quartzite
Answer BankAlign Living
PressureSolidify
Pressure and Heat
Pressure and Heat
ProtolithProtolith Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they
were either igneous or sedimentarywere either igneous or sedimentary For example, if we look at table 1 below, For example, if we look at table 1 below,
When we heat and pressure to limestone When we heat and pressure to limestone Marble formsMarble forms
AA protolithprotolith is is the original rock from which a the original rock from which a metamorphic rock formedmetamorphic rock formed
What is a Protolith?What is a Protolith? The _____ rock from which a The _____ rock from which a
metamorphic rock formedmetamorphic rock formed Draw table below:Draw table below:
Answer BankAlign
original Living
PressureSolidify
Rock IdentificationRock Identification Rocks have features that make Rocks have features that make
them easy to identifythem easy to identify For example, basalt has vesilcles For example, basalt has vesilcles
which are gas hole in the rockwhich are gas hole in the rock Granite, another igneous rock has Granite, another igneous rock has
interlocking crystalsinterlocking crystals Sedimentary rocks like sandstone Sedimentary rocks like sandstone
are stratified or have layersare stratified or have layers Many sedimentary rocks also Many sedimentary rocks also
contain fossilscontain fossils Metamorphic rocks have foliation Metamorphic rocks have foliation
VesiclesVesiclesInterlocking Interlocking
CrystalsCrystalsLayersLayers
(stratification)(stratification)
FossilsFossilsFoliationFoliation
Summarize:
______ rock forms from heat and pressure
_____ is when mineral grains flatten and align themselves in metamorphic rocks
A ______ is the original rock from which the metamorphic rock formed
Answer Bank
protolithFoliation
metamorphic