rocks ch 5 cp/ghp book extrusive igneous rocks form on or near the surface. intrusive igneous rocks...
TRANSCRIPT
RocksRocks
Ch 5 CP/GHP BookCh 5 CP/GHP Book
Extrusive igneous rocks form on or near the surface.
Intrusive igneous rocks form below the surface.
What are Igneous Rocks?
What are Igneous Rocks?
• Form from crystallized magma (lava = magma that flowed out onto Earth’s surface)
• Ignis is Latin for “fire”• Extrusive (fine-grained, cool quickly)• Intrusive (course-grained, cool slowly)
• Form from crystallized magma (lava = magma that flowed out onto Earth’s surface)
• Ignis is Latin for “fire”• Extrusive (fine-grained, cool quickly)• Intrusive (course-grained, cool slowly)
Magma CompositionMagma Composition
• O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K and Na
• 96% of Earth’s crust is silica (SiO2)
• Types of magmaRhyolitic 70%SiO2
Andesitic 60%SiO2
Basaltic 50%SiO2
• O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K and Na
• 96% of Earth’s crust is silica (SiO2)
• Types of magmaRhyolitic 70%SiO2
Andesitic 60%SiO2
Basaltic 50%SiO2
Magma OriginMagma Origin
• Melting temperatures: 800°C-1200°C• Temperature, pressure, chemical
composition and water content all affect magma
• Types of Magma
• Melting temperatures: 800°C-1200°C• Temperature, pressure, chemical
composition and water content all affect magma
• Types of MagmaQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Magma OriginMagma Origin
• Geothermal gradient (page 101)
• Geothermal gradient (page 101)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Magma OriginMagma Origin
• Melting curve (page 102)
• Melting curve (page 102)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Pause for lab or demoPause for lab or demo
• Bowen’s reaction seriesmelting point of various itemscrystallization point of the same items
• Materials:Red, orange and yellow crayonsChocolate chipsLots of gummy bearsCandlesIceHot plate
• Bowen’s reaction seriesmelting point of various itemscrystallization point of the same items
• Materials:Red, orange and yellow crayonsChocolate chipsLots of gummy bearsCandlesIceHot plate
Results from the lab/demo
Results from the lab/demo
• Ice begins to melt at 32˚F
• Chocolate 70-97˚F
• M&M candy shell 98.6˚F
• Gummy bears 115˚F
• Candles 130˚F
• Crayons 145-160˚F
• Ice begins to melt at 32˚F
• Chocolate 70-97˚F
• M&M candy shell 98.6˚F
• Gummy bears 115˚F
• Candles 130˚F
• Crayons 145-160˚F
How rocks meltHow rocks melt
• Partial Melting – process when some minerals melt while others remain solid
• Fractional Crystallization – cooling in the reverse order of melting
• Partial Melting – process when some minerals melt while others remain solid
• Fractional Crystallization – cooling in the reverse order of melting
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Bowen’s Reaction Series
• Geologist Neil L. Bowenminerals form in predictable patterns
• Geologist Neil L. Bowenminerals form in predictable patterns
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Bowen’s Reaction Series
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Classifying Igneous Rocks Ch 5.2
Classifying Igneous Rocks Ch 5.2
• Mineral CompositionFelsic - light colored rocks such as graniteIntermediate - medium colored, andesiteMafic – dark colored rocks such as basaltUltramafic – very high levels of iron, low silica
• Mineral CompositionFelsic - light colored rocks such as graniteIntermediate - medium colored, andesiteMafic – dark colored rocks such as basaltUltramafic – very high levels of iron, low silica
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Classifying Igneous Rocks
Classifying Igneous Rocks
• Grain Size• Grain Size
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Classifying Igneous Rocks
Classifying Igneous Rocks
• Texture Phaneritic (A)- same size crystals throughoutPorphyritic (B)- large crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals
• Texture Phaneritic (A)- same size crystals throughoutPorphyritic (B)- large crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Igneous rocks as resourcesIgneous rocks as resources
• Ore Deposits• Veins and Pegmatites
• Ore Deposits• Veins and Pegmatites QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Igneous rocks as resourcesIgneous rocks as resources
• Kimberlites - ultramafic rocks of peridotite that can contain diamonds
• Kimberlites - ultramafic rocks of peridotite that can contain diamonds
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.