ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS

ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS

GEOLOGY Science of our

plant Earth

MAGMA Earth's molten

liquid rock Cools and starts

to crystallize Forms solid

minerals Two or more

minerals = rock

MINERALSMINERALS

Basic building block of rocks 2000 types of minerals

Only 20 are common 95% of all rocks in existence Salt, graphite and gemstones are examples

HOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALSHOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALS

Tests to Identify and Classify Streak test – true color of specimen Luster test – shine or reflection Hardness – scratch resistent or abrasive Cleavage – how the mineral breaks Crystalline structure – most important clue

MINERALSMINERALS

ROCK CYCLEROCK CYCLE

TYPES OF ROCKSTYPES OF ROCKS

Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS

Means fire-formed Magma below crust

is liquid rock Lava when it

reaches the surface

IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Rock formed after lava on surface cools and solidifies

IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS

Inclusive Igneous Rock Rock formed when magma below the crust

cools and solidifies Granite

75% of Earth's crust Yosemite National Park

WEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICSWEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICS

Plate tectonics uplift and re-arrange land

Weathering and Erosion Expose Inclusive

Igneous rocks Exposed rocks are

broken down and transported

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Broken and transported rock fragments Called sediment

Settle at low points Sediment is compacted and cemented

Lithification Form Sedimentary rocks

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Small percentage of crust

70% of exposed rock Help geologists learn

about Earth's past

SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Contain fossils Preserved remains of plants and animals that

lived long ago Mostly hard parts (shells, bones and teeth) of

organisms Help determine past life and environments

FOSSILSFOSSILS

METAMORPHIC ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS

Means to change form

Created when igneous or sedimentary rocks transform

METAMORPHIC ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS

Changes are caused by heat and pressure

Excessive heat and pressure can cause rocks to melt

When re-solidified a new igneous rock is formed

ROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENTROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Stone Age Tools, shelter and weapons

Wars to gain other countries resources Industrial Revolution

Begin use of fossil fuels for energy

WORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALSWORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALS

Construction Industry Limestone and gypsum = cement

Lapidarist Cut, polish and perfect crystals for jewelry

Paleontologist Uncover, examine and identify fossils

EARTH'S RESOURCESEARTH'S RESOURCES

Fossil fuels Oil, gas, coal Non-renewable resource

Alternative renewable energy resources Recycling

ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #1

What is the general name for the materialthat forms a unique crystal shape?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #2

A combination of different minerals form what object?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #3

Within the Earth, what happens to the rock when it is exposed to very high temperatures?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #4

What type of rock is made up of slowly buried sediments that were later cemented together by

dissolved minerals?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #5

How is a metamorphic rock formed?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #6

How do people use rocks in their everyday lives?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #7

Why is recycling important?

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #8

True or False

Salt is a mineral.

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #9

True or False

Fossils provide important evidence of how life existed in the past and reveal clues about their

environment.

QUIZQUIZ

QUESTION #10

True or False

Igneous rock means “water-formed”.