rockcyc mineral
DESCRIPTION
PowerpointTRANSCRIPT
The Rock CycleThinking about relationships among the major rock groups
2
Major Rock Groups Igneous
Formed from a melt (molten rock) Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and
crystallization Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface
Sedimentary Formed at the Earth’s surface Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical
precipitates) Metamorphic
Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.
Fig. 2.9
MAGMA
4
MAGMA
Crystallization
IGNEOUS
5
MAGMA
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
6
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
7
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Uplift
Crystallization
Weathering
8
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
Uplift
Crystallization
Weathering SEDIMENT
9
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
Uplift
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
10
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
Uplift
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
11
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
12
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
MeltingCrystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
DepositionCan you see
any shortcuts?
13
MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
MeltingCrystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups
It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth
As well as earth’s momentum and…
The energy from the sun It involves processes on
the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior
It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.
16
What is a mineral? Naturally occurring Non-organic Characteristic chemical
composition Distinctive physical properties Crystalline structure
17
Mineral properties Color Luster Habit (Shape) Cleavage & Fracture Streak Hardness Other
18
Color: Not mineral specific
19
Luster: How minerals reflect light
Non-metallic
Metallic
20
Mineral Habit (Shape)
Shape a mineral takes if grown unimpeded
21
Cleavage & FractureCleavage: planes of
weakness along which minerals can break
Fracture: surfaces along which minerals can break
22
Cleavage & Fracture
Best identified on a fracture surface
23
Streak:
The powdered form of a mineral
24
Hardness:Based on Moh’s scale of hardness
25
Other Properties Specific gravity Reaction to acid Striations Magnetism
26
Igneous Rocks
27
Metamorphic Rocks
GneissSchist
28
Sedimentary Rocks
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone